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An Undergraduate Magazine of International Affairs
Summer 2010 / Vol. 10, Issue 4
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Yale Helps in Haiti 6 Iraqi Villages in California 10 A Thai Boxer’s Dream 32
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This magazine is published by students of Yale College. Yale University is not responsible for its contents.
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Production & Design Editor Christina Lin Online Editor Catherine Osborn
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A student poses in the basement of Timothy Dwight College. Shot by Morgan Welch on April 19, 2010 Pictures from CreativeCommons used under Attribution Noncommercial license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Assistant Production Editors Raisa Bruner, Anjali Jotwani, Eli Markham Production Staff Meaghan Barr, Anna Kellar
Editors Emeritus Maria Blackwood, Jesse Marks, Pete Martin, Emma Vawter
Editor-in-Chief Alex Soble
Executive Director Alice Walton
Managing Editors Jeffrey Kaiser, Rishabh Khosla, Emma Sokoloff-Rubin, Alison Weiner
Publisher Courtney Fukuda
Associate Editors Rae Ellen Bichell, Raphaella Friedman, Uzra Khan, Alexander Klein, Angela Ramirez Copy Editor Alexander Krey
Editors-at-Large Catherine Cheney, Amila Golic, Rachel Wolf
Director of Development George Bogden Events Coordinator Joanna Cornell Assistant Events Coordinator Joseph Bolognese Business Mentors Gemma Bloemen, Brad Schecter, Amira Valliani
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FOCUS: Invisible Economies Teasing Apart the Web of
Sex Trafficking
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Education is a key step in reducing vulnerability, empowering women, and changing the supply and demand equation that characterizes human trafficking. By Amy Larsen
Y@ !"#$%&'(%&()&(*&+%",#( -.#/%).#(-)/0# The hair given in ritual sacrifice by India’s poor adorns the heads of the world’s wealthiest celebrities. By Erin Biel
Courtesy AFESIP
AA *&+%",#(*&=%#%>;4( !;"##2))9# Across India, private tuitions have become a regular supplement to education at both ends of the socioeconomic spectrum. By Uzra Khan
Yc 12"33%/04+("&+(12"554+6( Ad :4?(3)2(:";4@(32)9( 7%48&"94#4(!%'"24884( A"=494&8(8)(A4&8$).#4 :4;;42#(%&(<42;%&
Two waves of Vietnamese immigrants to Berlin, selling black market cigarettes in hopes of building a better life, have met with bitter disappointment. By Tobias Kuehne
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Parisian performers vie for the attention of the public on steps of churches and in long metro corridors, in the hopes of making a living — and maybe making it big. By Maria Yagoda
Although profiting from the sale of another’s body is illegal in Brazil, prostitution extends into virtually every corner of society. By Vinicius Grünberg
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Visit our website at www.tyglobalist.org for additional reporting, online exclusives, and blogs by Globalist writers.
YALE IN THE WORLD .&Q&E9&]D4S(#&,##1#1&)%&B-)")+&R0#.S**&/-** Expertise and years of relevant work inform three seasoned Yalies’ contributions to Haiti relief efforts. By Rachel Wolf
POLITICS & ECONOMY %&Q&?-)"0&)%&R(-1)")D% The future of obstetric fistula care in Tanzania lies in the training of traditional healers in rural areas. By Angie Ramirez
&'Q&!D4"0&3D(#-S=&2(#-M&/)". With $35 billion and a lofty dream, the South Korean government and a U.S. real estate company set off to develop a brand new high-tech and green city from scratch. By Jasmine Lau 10
()'*'!"-A#&:-%-A)%A&T-( In rural patches of America, U.S. soldiers rehearse for battle. By Amira Valliani
(+'*'E"&R-L#=&U:D(#&R0-%V&RWD In China, corporate social responsibility “matchmakers” maximize philanthropic impact despite a broken legal infrastructure. By Helena Malchione
CULTURE +%'*' T)=0)%A&D%&-&T-** Graphic artists meet cultural entrepreneurs on the walls of Buenos Aires, Argentina. By Catherine Osborn
+,'*$:;2D%-*1S=+&:-1#&)%&E"-*. An Italian burger joins the menu at McDonald’s, but not without controversy. By Alice Walton
-)'*$E1#%")".&)%&"0#&:#*")%A&7D" Sudanese men in Nashville face the difficult task of adjusting to a radically unfamiliar environment. By Rebecca Trupin
-+'*$R0#&?)A0"&D9&B#(&J)9# Through the Parinya Muay Thai boxing camp, Thailand’s celebrated Nong Toom seeks to give back to her community with the art that made possible her transition from male to female. By Monica Landy 27
--'*$R0#.&/-**&R0#M=#*$#=&"0#&X!-$#1&Y%#=Z In a breakaway Anglican movement, African churches have reversed colonial trends as they defend a conservative interpretation of Christianity in the United States. By Deirdre Dlugoleski
PERSPECTIVES DE(Q&BDW&"D&!-$#&-&[)**-A# In managing the international arms trade, we must act now, even if it means leaving the largest battles for later. By Shashwat Udit
DF(Q&E=(-#*S=&\*"(-6Y("0D1DO&7(D@*#M 35
Will the demands of a religious minority hold Israel back? By Carlos Gomez
6 YALE IN THE WORLD SUMMER 2010
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Asha Said with her first surviving child, a few months after undergoing surgery to repair fistula. (Ramirez/TYG)
8 POLITICS & ECONOMY SUMMER 2010
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POLITICS & ECONOMY 9 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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10 POLITICS & ECONOMY SUMMER 2010
Soldiers practice restraining an Iraqi crowd as a U.S. colonel meets with the mayor of “Medina Jabal,” one of the faux Iraqi villages built near Fort Irwin. (Courtesy David Axe/ Flickr/Creative Commons)
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POLITICS & ECONOMY 11 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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12 POLITICS & ECONOMY SUMMER 2010
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FOCUS: Invisible Economies 13 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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Each day, over 50,000 Hindu pilgrims trek to the Sri Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala in order to show their devotion to Sri Venkateswara, an avatar of Lord Vishnu. Half of C01(/0$"/(5$(+$)&0+(1#5#1$2&5#$6/%,/7%#:$/+$[,%(/$T0'4(0$5#-&53#1$(0$ these visitors end up donating their hair to the temple. (Courtesy Dieter Telemans and Thomas Gold) (0$&0$C01(/P+$%,+)(&,+$%&)=+8
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14 FOCUS: Invisible Economies SUMMER 2010
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FOCUS: Invisible Economies 15 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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Cigarette sellers of the second wave have not found the riches they were promised. Instead, they find themselves trapped.
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16 FOCUS: Invisible Economies SUMMER 2010
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FOCUS: Invisible Economies 17 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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Percentage of Minors in Total Number of Victims Identified (2003-2007)
Above 50% 35-50% 10%-35% Below 10% Few or Missing Data
Source: UNODC February 2009 Human Trafficking Report Graph: Jotwani/TYG
18 FOCUS: Invisible Economies SUMMER 2010
By region, percentage of countries that have introduced a specific offense on trafficking into law
0%
20%
Before 2003
40% Since 2003
60%
80%
Eastern and Central Asia Western and Central Europe South and South West Asia East Asia and Pacific South America Central America & Caribbean North America Southern Africa East Africa West and Central Africa North Africa and Middle East 100%
No offense in force as of November 2008
Source: UNODC February 2009 Human Trafficking Report Graph: Jotwani/TYG
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FOCUS: Invisible Economies 19 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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20 FOCUS: Invisible Economies SUMMER 2010
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above: Iya Traoré warms up for the crowd on the steps of Sacré Coeur in Paris. +35##3+$&*$J/5(+$3&$3"/0=$*&5$"(+$+,))#++:$/01$0&4$*&5$/$*,%%;3(2#$)/5##58$ below: A juggler in the Montmartre district of Paris bows after a successful act. (Yagoda/TYG) #+3$(0$3"#$4&5%1P+$*(5+3:$/01$7#+3:$H*&&37/%%$*5##+3.%#58K$!5/&5s$"/+$3"#$
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FOCUS: Invisible Economies 21 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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TraorĂŠ impresses the crowd with his upside down maneuvers,which he performs on his tours through Western Africa, the Middle East, and East Asia. (Yagoda/TYG)
22 FOCUS: Invisible Economies SUMMER 2010
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are trying to teach them how to walk, T We but in tuitions, they are learning to walk on crutches.”
)&2-#3(3(&0$ (+$ *(#5)#8$ !"#$ 1(**#5#0)#$ 7#34##0$ /$ Xr$ /01$ /$ Xc$ )&,%1$
— Adarsh Wadhwa, schoolteacher
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FOCUS: Invisible Economies 23 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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24 FOCUS: Invisible Economies SUMMER 2010
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Recife’s most luxurious strip club, located on one of the main avenues in town, serves as a hangout for prostitutes hoping to gain affluent clients. (Grünberg/TYG)
FOCUS: Invisible Economies 25 THE YALE GLOBALIST
From Slavery to Service
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5#)3$ -/5#03(0'$ -5/)3()#:$ "/+$ )"/0'#1$ &0%.$ +,-#5*()(/%%.8$ V&4/1/.+:$
-(0'$2/%%+$/01$)&22#5)(/%$'/%%#5(#+8$!"#(5$-5#+#0)#$(+$-/53(),%/5%.$
3"#$-/3#50/%$*(',5#$"/+$7##0$5#-%/)#1$7.$3"/3$&*$3"#$-##5$'5&,-:$/+$
+35#0'3"#0#1$7.$3"#$*&5)#$/01$7,&./0).$&*$3"#(5$/16#53(+(0'$+35/3#;
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/01$7/0/0/+$2#/03$3&$5#)/%%$-#0(+#+$3"/3$-&(03$3&4/51+$3"#$0#/5#+3$
3"#$"&,+#$/01$/%2&+3$*&5)(7%.$3&&=$2#$3&$/$75&3"#%8$C0$3"#$#01$(3$4/+$
U#2&0$ #+3/7%(+"2#038$ R&+3$ C1)A1&0&,$ 3/=#$ -%/)#$ (0$ 2&3#%+:$ 4"()"$
'5#/3b$4#$-/(1$/$'(5%$3&$+35(-$W,+3$*&5$&,5$'5&,-:$/01$3"#0$3"#$*(6#$&*$,+$
/5#$ 5#%/3(6#%.$ )"#/->$ 3"#$ 7#+3$ &0#+$ "/6#$ +-#)(/%$ H#5&3()K$ +,(3#+$ 3"/3$
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)&+3$?dB$*&5$/0$&6#50('"3$+3/.8$!"#.$/5#$5#%/3(6#%.$+/*#:$*&5$3"#.$/5#$%&;
V&4$2/55(#1$/01$/$*/3"#5$"(2+#%*:$T015s$"/+$15/+3()/%%.$5#1,)#1$
)/3#1$(0$3"#$2(11%#$&*$3&40$/01:$/))&51(0'$3&$7&3"$`5(=/$/01$R&0(Q,#$
26 FOCUS: Invisible Economies SUMMER 2010
J5/1/:$/$-5&+3(3,3#$/01$7,+(0#++4&2/0$*5&2$J&53&$T%#'5#:$"/6#$H/$
75&3"#%:$-5#*#55(0'$3&$3/=#$3"#$'(5%+$3&$T%-"/6(%%#:$Z/5,/5,P+$7#+3$2&;
3('"3$+#),5(3.$+.+3#2$3&$-5#6#03$)%(#03+$*5&2$)5&++(0'$3"#$%(2(3$&*$3"#$
3#%:$ %&)/3#1$ W,+3$ /5&,01$ 3"#$ )&50#58$ !"#$ &76(&,+$ 1(**#5#0)#+$ /2&0'$
)%(#03;#+)&53$5#%/3(&0+"(-8K$G#)/,+#$2/0.$&*$3"#$2#0$7,.(0'$+#D$/5#$
)%(#03#%#:$(03#0+(*(#1$7.$3"#$#**#)3+$&*$/%)&"&%:$+&2#3(2#+$%#/1$3&$6(&;
2/55(#1:$2&3#%+$-5&6(1#$/3$%#/+3$0&2(0/%$+#)5#).8$g(0/%%.:$2&3#%+$/5#$
%#03$#-(+&1#+8$!"#$75&3"#%$"/+$5#)#03%.$+##0$34&$2/W&5$+"&&3(0'+8$C0$
5#%/3(6#%.$)&2*&53/7%#:$4(3"$/%%$&*$3"#$/2#0(3(#+$&*$/$3.-()/%$T2#5()/0$
&0#$(0+3/0)#:$/$),+3&2#5$3/%=#1$R/1/2$!/3($(03&$)%&+(0'$3"#$75&3"#%$
"&3#%$-%,+$#5&3()$/11(3(&0+$+,)"$/+$6(75/3&5+:$-&50&'5/-"()$!L$)"/0;
*&5$"(2$/01$"(+$*5(#01+:$/01$4/+$+,7+#Q,#03%.$+"&3$3"5##$3(2#+$&0$3"#$
0#%+:$"&3$3,7+:$/01$W/),OO(+8$`5(=/$#D-%/(0#1$4".$2&3#%+$/5#$-5#*#5;
)"#+3$7.$/$5/0)"$4&5=#5$(55(3/3#1$/3$7#(0'$/+=#1$3&$%#/6#8
/7%#$*&5$-5&+3(3,3#+$/+$4#%%$/+$)%(#03+b$H3"#$5&&2+$2/=#$(3$#/+(#5$*&5$ 2#$3&$-%#/+#$"(2:$(0$3"#$W/),OO(:$&5$4/3)"(0'$-&508K
Unexpected Sex in Unexpected Places
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Q,#03$ 1(**#5#03$ 75&3"#%+8$ C0$ 3"#$ #)&0&2()$ /01$ -&%(3()/%$ ",7+$ &*$ 3"#$
)(/%$+#D$+&$)&22&0-%/)#$3"/3$(3$"/+$*&,01$(3+$4/.$(03&$3"#$)&,035.P+$
)&,035.:$#+-#)(/%%.$_(&$1#$[/0#(5&:$Iv&$J/,%&:$/01$G5/+k%(/:$3"#$"&,+#+$
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7#)&2#$2##3(0'$-%/)#$*&5$(2-&53/03:$&*3#03(2#+$*/2&,+$-&%(3()/%$*(';
+"/5-;%&&=(0':$dB;.#/5;&%1$7,+(0#++2/0:$/12(33#1$3"/3$"#$*5#Q,#03%.$
,5#+$/)),+3&2#1$3&$%,D,5.$/01$#D)%,+(6(3.8$L(+(3(0'$/$%,D,5.$75&3"#%$
6(+(3+$ 75&3"#%+$ 4"(%#$ 35/6#%(0'$ *&5$ 7,+(0#++8$ H<"#0#6#5$ 3"#5#$ /5#$
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7,+(0#++$35(-+$(06&%6(0'$2.$/++&)(/3#+$/01$C:$4#$&*3#0$-5&),5#$-5&+;
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15(0=:$7,3$*#4$&*$4"&2$/)3,/%%.$-,5)"/+#$+#56()#+:$-5#*#55(0'$(0+3#/1$
3"/3$2,)"$-5&+3(3,3(&0$3/=#+$-%/)#$,01#5$3"#$+,-#56(+(&0$&*$75&3"#%$
3&$ +/6#$ 3"#(5$ 2&0#.$ /01$ 3/=#$ (0$ 3"#$ /32&+-"#5#8$ M(6#0$ 3"#$ +)/03$
&40#5+:$4"()"$(+$3#)"0()/%%.$(%%#'/%8$J&%()#:$4"&$2/=#$%(33%#$#**&53$3&$
0,27#5$ &*$ -5&+3(3,3(&0$ #+3/7%(+"2#03+$ (0$ 3"#$ 3&40:$ 2/0.$ '5&&2#1$
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+&:$ (0$ 1(2%.$ %(3$ 2&3#%$ 5&&2+$ 0/3(&04(1#:$ /$ 2/%#;)#03#5#1$ #)&0&2.$
A suggestive sign points the way to the Lemon Motel, located in Boa Viagem, Recife’s wealthiest residential neighborhood. With overnight rates of around $40 and suites with Jacuzzi and erotic cable television, this establishment is favored by Recife’s wellto-do gentlemen. (Grünberg/TYG)
3"5(6#+:$/))#-3#1$/+$/$*/)3$&*$%(*#$#6#0$7.$3"#$*#4$4"&$)"&&+#$0&3$3&$ 7,.$(03&$(38 M/-/3/50!H2Y-6%2.!/0!#!+2%01=#-!/-!C/$$/=#-!9*$$%.%)
CULTURE 27
THE YALE GLOBALIST
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Jo Sharff narrates the several styles of graffiti on the roof of Hollywood in Cambodia, a Palermo gallery. Spot the swine flu reference. (Osborn/TYG)
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Art and Politics in Buenos Aires
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4/.+$ -%/.#1$ /$ 2/W&5$ 5&%#$ (0$ G,#0&+$ T(5#+P+$
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28 CULTURE SUMMER 2010
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*/5$ *#4#5$ ,57/0$ 6(&%#0)#$ &6#53&0#+$ 3"/0$
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Z&04/.:$4"&$3#/)"#+$/$Ha(-$a&-$R,+()$/01$
#D)(3(0'$-/53+$/7&,3$3"(+$/53$+)#0#$(+$3"/3$3"#$
(%.$&0$/#+3"#3()+8$]6#5$3"#$-/+3$1#)/1#:$3"#(5$
Z,%3,5#K$ +#2(0/5$ /3$ ^/%#:$ /5',#+$ 3"/3$ V#4$
)&03#03$ &*$ 3"#$ 4/%%+$ (+$ )&0+3/03%.$ )"/0'(0'8$
+3.%#:$=0&40$/+$H0/]#V/+,0):K$"/+$)&2#$3&$
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does graffiti have to be this outlaw art that you do at T Bynightnature, looking over your shoulder?” —Nicholas Conway
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Formal and Informal Art Economies
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CULTURE 29
THE YALE GLOBALIST
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A sign points the way to one of Rome’s many McDonald’s outlets. (Walton/TYG)
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30 CULTURE SUMMER 2010
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James Makuacâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s paintings show Sudanese refugees fleeing by night (above) and the bombing of a school in Sudan (below). (Trupin/TYG)
CULTURE 31
THE YALE GLOBALIST
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James Makuac, Lost Boy and artist, stands next to one of his paintings. (Trupin/TYG)
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Because Sudanese men are traditionally the breadwinners of the family, unemployment hits them especially hard.
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32 CULTURE SUMMER 2010
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like to share the art of Muay Thai and T Itowould help other people.”
– Nong Toom
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Thai children strike a Muay Thai pose. (Courtesy Steven Khan)
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With the help of African churches, the Anglican Church in North America is now able to ordain its own bishops. (Courtesy Flickr/ Creative Commons)
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PERSPECTIVES 35 THE YALE GLOBALIST
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