26 minute read
UNLOCKING THE CITY
City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council’s ‘Smart Street Lighting Project’ is on track to reduce street lighting power consumption by 65% and carbon emissions by more than 6,000 tonnes per year, all of which will help the city become carbon neutral by 2038. It has also led to the development of a range of innovative sensorled city improvement projects
By Allun Preece
When, at City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council, we embarked on our ‘Smart Street Lighting Project’, we knew we wanted a non-proprietary CMS system to exploit as many new technologies as possible.
Top of our list were: actionable insights that would lead to enhanced operations and services; improvements to citizen safety and wellbeing; and, ultimately, improvements that would deliver on the bottom line.
Situated in West Yorkshire, Bradford is one of England’s largest cities by population size. It has a young and dynamic workforce and is host to creative entrepreneurs looking to take advantage of the city’s unique culture and global business links. There is a high level of self-employment and business start-ups.
In 2019, the city was declared ‘most improved place to live and work in the UK’ in consultancy PWC’s Good Growth for Cities index [1]. Simultaneously, the council committed to being carbon neutral by 2038.
This aspiration, combined with the reality of rising energy costs, obsolete lighting materials, and ageing lighting assets, led to the Bradford Smart Street Lighting Project being born.
The project aimed to upgrade approximately 59,000 lanterns controlled via Lucy Zodion photocells and Vizion CMS nodes, along with 17,000 columns, to meet the following objectives: • Significantly reduce the council’s street lighting carbon emission footprint • Reduce the annual street lighting energy bill • Reduce the street lighting maintenance costs • Incorporate a central management system (CMS) • Provide LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide
Area Network) technology across the district to enable smart Internet of
Things (IoT) technologies
The streetlighting and smart city contract, worth over £35m, was awarded to Amey. In conjunction with the LED upgrade, the Lucy Zodion smart city platform ‘Ki.’ was then selected to manage the new lighting. We plan to deploy a network of LoRaWAN gateways and 59,000 Ki. nodes over four years. LoRaWAN gateways, as many ILP members will already undoubtedly know, allow IoT devices to be installed at locations without Wi Fi and internet connectivity, and so avoid the alternative of having to rely on relatively expensive mobile phone data.
A ‘quick to install’ system, Ki. has given us complete control of the city’s street lighting network. It allows us to intelligently control, dim and monitor light levels via a secure Cloud-based IoT platform. Furthermore, the interoperable nature of the platform enables the council to manage a multiple vendor portfolio.
The smarter controllability of the lighting system from a central point means we are now looking at ways to provide joined-up support to emergency services, such as ‘light-up’ areas at the site of road accidents or highlighting access roads following night-time large crowd events. Moreover, it has enabled the council to see the rapid digitalisation of our societies an opportunity, especially through the ‘humble’ lamppost, something also of course identified in the recent ILP GN12 The smart lighting column [2].
The Ki. platform, moreover, gives City of Bradford MDC the flexibility to expand our existing infrastructure by adding urban city apps to reflect the city’s ever-evolving needs. This has the potential to develop applications such a smart bins, smart parking, and EV charging locations.
On top of all this, Ki. gives us the ability to provide specific APIs (application programming interfaces, or in other words technology that allows data, products and processes to work together seamlessly) as well as programmable access to the data.
RANGE OF USE CASES
At the outset of the project, districts, departments, and enterprises were asked what data they would like to extrapolate. This was a difficult question to answer in isolation. Once the system was demonstrated, however, ideas began flooding in.
The council has therefore now identified a range of use cases, many of them sensor-based, which the Ki. system can support. Here are just a few examples of ways in which the council is using, or now plans to use, its new ‘smart’ network. 1) Adaptive lighting. With the CMS, the council can choose precisely when to switch each streetlight on or off and increase or reduce the light levels according to needs, such as weather conditions, seasonal lighting adjustments, and emergency events. This allows any number of switching or dimming levels, which can provide benefits to residents, pedestrians, and highway users in addition to further opportunities for energy savings and reducing maintenance issues such as fault detection.
2) Air quality. Like many cities, Bradford’s clean air zones are mandated by central government. To tackle the causes of air pollution effectively, City of Bradford MDC is therefore looking to use LoRaWAN air monitoring sensors to ascertain pollution levels and identify areas of concern to implement corrective measures.
This can be achieved promptly, with the CMS providing notifications when air quality drops below specified safe levels. The data can also be used to plan air quality improvements, drawing on historical datasets and analytics to provide forecasting models. This can then be input
into public awareness campaigns to communicate the healthiest times to exercise or cycle.
On top of this, with the new CMS and network, the council can now deploy lowcost air pollution sensors. These can be relocated as new areas of concern are identified.
The sensors can also measure the impact of their interventions. The intervention can be as simple as the timing of green and red traffic signals, reducing the time people are sat waiting in traffic. It is an easy task to do, but if you don’t have the data to back up the impact of that intervention, you can’t see if it is working.
Air quality metrics on their own only tell a part of the story, however. Working with other environmental data can reveal more. Humidity, for example, or traffic flow. The crucial point is that the CMS means the council can now to tap into the smart city ecosystem’s full power to get an answer.
3) River level sensors. Our drainage department identified another compelling use case: trial river sensors. These have been installed to monitor water levels in the Bradford Beck, which flows under the city
The data can be transmitted in real time and can be extrapolated to predict and pre-warn when water levels exceed a given value. 4) Road surface temperature monitoring. Another use case the council is looking to develop is the ability to monitor road surface temperatures to assist in the forecasting for winter maintenance service delivery.
As the district has a mixture of rural and urban roads, some of which are particularly prone to freezing and heavy snowfall, it is extremely useful to know the difference in temperatures to enable the council to treat the roads accordingly. 5) Other use cases. IoT devices are especially useful for environmental monitoring. As part of the European Union climate resilience projects ‘SCORE’ and ‘Life Critical’, the council and its partners are already using IoT devices to monitor air quality and flood risk in other areas.
With a local small business enterprise, Dales Land Net (which provides soil moisture and temperature monitoring services), SCORE is providing monitoring using LoRaWAN devices, at remote locations on Ilkley Moor for peatland restoration. The restoration work is being carried out by Moors for the Future on behalf of the Environment Agency and for the Backstone Beck Natural Flood Management scheme.
Life Critical is also working to improve the health and wellbeing of communities by improving the quality of city parks. SCORE partner the University of Bradford, as part of a wider citizen science initiative on air quality in schools with Bradford Royal Infirmary research group Born in Bradford, is providing IoT environmental monitoring in and around Horton Park on behalf of Life Critical.
This is measuring improvements that should help offset some of the local impacts of climate change on neighbouring communities.
ALLUN PREECE’S FIVE TIPS FOR SMART CITY SUCCESS
1) Get senior management support. Without buy-in from the top, it will be an uphill struggle to get the project off the ground. 2) Be clear about what you are implementing and why. Our CMS was having a system in place to control the lighting, but which then also gives us a future-proof solution and control of our energy consumption. Working with the Ki. platform was straightforward and opened many possibilities for improving services for working teams, citizens and local enterprise. 3) If it’s about savings, quantify them! The old adage ‘the numbers speak for themselves’ has never been truer when it comes to smart city investment; be fully armed with financial predictions of savings and costs. 4) Don’t get side-tracked, stick to your guns. If you have a clear vision of the project, don’t let other people put you off what you are trying to achieve. There are so many different technologies out there, it is easy to get side-tracked.
5) Be brave, persevere – and don’t be afraid to fail! Combining expertise and working in partnership with like-minded organisations will ultimately stimulate innovation and deliver progressive technologies to the market.
CONCLUSION/RESULTS
The Smart Street Lighting Project demonstrates the commitment of City of Bradford MDC and its partners to delivering the city’s climate change action plan, launched in February 2020, which will enable the transition to a net-zero carbon economy.
Street lighting power consumption will fall by 65% and carbon emissions by more than 6,000 tonnes per year.
The new lights are half the price to maintain compared to the older lamps and, powered by Ki., they will be able to report when faulty, taking critical faults and pulling them into planned maintenance schedules, reducing the need for time-consuming audits and street lighting reporting systems.
It is estimated the project will save approximately £2m per year in energy costs. Beyond these savings, City of Bradford MDC will now have a fully scalable smart city solution, enabling it to add or remove applications to provide data insights as and when projects require.
PROJECT CREDITS
Client: The City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council Contractor: Amey Technology provider: Lucy Zodion
Allun Preece IEng MILP is principal engineer (street lighting) at City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council
[1] ‘Bradford most improved city in PwC’s Good Growth for Cities Index’, PWC, November 2019, https://www.pwc.co.uk/who-we-are/regional-sites/north/press-releases/bradford-most-improved-city-inpwcs-good-growth-for-cities-index.html [2] GN12: The smart lighting column is available from the ILP, at: https://theilp.org.uk/resources/
THAMES REACH
The next phase of the Illuminated River public art project has now been completed, meaning that nine bridges across the Thames have now been lit up
By Nic Paton
JUNE 2021 LIGHTING JOURNAL 31
The Illuminated River public art project
Main image: Westminster Bridge as it now looks following illumination. Above: the completed underside of Waterloo Bridge
Regular readers of Lighting Journal will be well aware that we have been keeping a close eye on the Illuminated River public art project, ever since in fact it was first announced back in December 2016 (‘Water born’, January 2017, vol 82 no 1).
During that time, the project has seen ILP volunteers getting hands-on and up-close to the project (‘Spanning the moment’, June 2019, vol 84 no 6). They have worked alongside architects Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands and Leo Villareal, the American light artist whose vision is at the heart of the ambitious scheme to illuminate up to 15 bridges across the Thames and create the world’s longest public artwork.
Even a worldwide pandemic has not stopped the scheme from progressing, as Jonathan Gittins of Atelier Ten explained to us last year before the start of the latest phase of the project (‘I’ll be in a boat annoying the abseilers’, November/December 2020, vol 85 no 10).
That second phase was completed in April, the Illuminated River Foundation announced, in the process more than doubling the number of bridges that have now been illuminated.
The first phase artwork encompassed London, Cannon Street, Southwark and Millennium bridges. This latest phase has brought in five additional bridges: Blackfriars Road Bridge, Waterloo, the Golden Jubilee Footbridges, Westminster and Lambeth. The aspiration is that eventually, funding permitting, the project will extend from Albert Bridge in the west of London through to Tower Bridge in the City.
USE OF STREAMING TECHNOLOGY
One intriguing detail of this latest phase of the project is how technology enabled Villareal, who was stuck in his New York studio because of pandemic restrictions, still to drive the project forward.
He used ‘LiveU’ streaming technology to view and adjust the light sequences in real time from the studio.
As the foundation puts it: ‘This provided a precision and accuracy almost equal to physical proximity, transmitting footage with less than a second in time delay and allowing Villareal to fine-tune the artwork as if “en plein air” [or completing the artwork out of doors]. Illuminated River is the first completed art project in the UK to use LiveU streaming technology from a remote location.’
Of the newly illuminated bridges themselves, the foundation describes them as thus: ‘A gentle combination of rosy colours extends across the arches of Blackfriars Road Bridge, citing the warm-hued remaining columns of the now removed old railway bridge. Waterloo Bridge, the longest bridge in central London, has been enhanced by a simple line of light, introducing pastel washes of colour to illuminate its central spine.’
By contrast, a monochromatic scheme has been used on the Golden Jubilee Footbridges, mirroring Villareal’s approach to the other pedestrian bridge in the artwork, Millennium.
The project then illuminates Westminster Bridge’s latticework undercrofts in soft green tones ‘referencing the benches of the debating chamber of the House of Commons’, according to the foundation. ‘The red glow adorning Lambeth Bridge is a nod to the benches of the House of Lords and mirrors the red accents of the bridge’s railings and arches,’ it adds.
ACTIVITIES AND TOURS
With so much of the project now complete, free self-guided audio tours have been developed for anyone who wants to walk the length of the scheme so far and learn more about the bridges and their illumination.
Guided tours of the artwork also started in late April, running from Blackfriars to Lambeth bridges and led by City of London and Westminster guides, and can be booked online.
The 90-minute tours (with a maximum of six people) take place on Tuesdays and comprise a gentle evening stroll along the river accompanied by a professional guide.
More details on the project and how it is progressing can be found at https://illuminatedriver.london/ with information about activities and tours available at https://illuminatedriver.london/whatson
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YORKSHIRE MORE
From being a tired and somewhat dated space, Leeds City Station has been transformed through the installation of a new tuneable circadian lighting system, believed to be the first of its kind for a major transportation space
By Mike Kimmitt
JUNE 2021 LIGHTING JOURNAL 35
Transport hub lighting
Leeds City Station is the UK’s third busiest train station, outside of London, with some 30 million passengers a year passing through it, or at least it was until the pandemic. Hopefully, as our economy reopens, those numbers will begin to return; indeed, already the latest data is showing around 181,000 people are now travelling through the station on a weekly basis, which is great news.
Irrespective of whether passengers have been travelling throughout the pandemic or are only now coming back on to the railways, anyone passing through Leeds City Station will, I hope, now be in for a very pleasant surprise.
That is because in early 2020 – in fact just as the first Covid-19 lockdown happened – we at SYSTRA UK handed over a major overhaul of the station’s lighting and infrastructure to Network Rail, a transformation that including the installation of a dynamic lighting system to the main concourse area, which we believe to be one of the first tuneable circadian lighting systems supplied to a major public transportation space. On top of this, the station now boasts an innovative, highly transparent ceiling system to harvest daylight and save further energy.
To understand the scheme, you have to go back to October 2018. We were at that point approached by Network Rail, which was keen to revamp and update a station that had by then begun to look and feel dated. Network Rail was especially keen to bring the main concourse area into the twenty-first century, with new lighting a key part of an over-arching £161m redevelopment.
One initial challenge, however, was that Network Rail wanted the project completed by September of the following year (in other words, 2019), which was extremely tight, given the quite complex and lengthy quality assurance processes you would normally expect with a project of this size and scope.
For example, design is developed in accordance with a robust framework of design assurance with critical reviews at key stages. For very obvious reasons, given that you’re dealing with safety-critical environments, everything has to be agreed and accepted before procurement can commence. The process is robust and for major interventions the programme for design and client review can be a significant consideration, so to go from a blank sheet of paper to
Transport hub lighting
The new-look concourse, including showing the innovative, clear ethylene tetrafluoroethylene roof
completion in barely a year was always going to be challenging.
One reason for the tight timeframe was that Network Rail was keen for the work to be completed in time for the UCI Road World Championships men’s road cycling race, which was due to finish in Leeds that September – and therefore the city, and its train station, would be in a world spotlight. Another challenge, naturally, was that the station was going to need to remain fully operational throughout the project; we would need to be working around (and, in fact, largely above) the millions of passengers streaming through each day.
When we started to look into things in detail, it was clear the station infrastructure had not been updated in decades. For example, it still had a wooden roof. The lighting, too, was extremely dated. It was all T12 fluorescent tubes that had been there for a very long time; it hadn’t even got as modern as T8 by this point; it was real old inch-and-a-half lengths. The orientation was also not at all conducive to wayfinding.
We had a three-week initial design period, which was, again, quite a tight turnaround. We quickly put together a Relux model to be sure we could get the 200 lux Network Rail required on the concourse floor, which is a Network Rail requirement for station concourse areas. Within three weeks from the initial discussions, we had a full 3D, fully co-ordinated BIM model in Revit. The progress of SYSTRA architectural and structural design was terrific and certainly enhanced the chances of achieving accelerated services design.
I also, of course, ought to mention the immense support we got from Jerry Barnard, formerly of RIDI Lighting, which supplied the luminaires for the project (but now running his own business JFB Lighting), of which, again, more in a moment. We knew that, if we were to have any chance of completing in September 2019, we had to get to a detailed design stage within 12 weeks, so it was all a bit of a gallop.
Within this, the procurement for long lead time elements was accelerated to meet the ambitious timescales, and therefore co-ordination of the design had to consider detailed interfaces much earlier than traditional design. On top of this, provision needed to be made in the design for a steel structure that would allow flexibility for a luminaire that had not yet been selected; this was crucially important to reduce time on site and reduce the amount of working at height.
To keep the concourse operational, the main contractors (Colt Construction) built a crash deck beneath the roof and above the operational concourse. This provided horizontal separation between the passenger and the work face. This was a feat of engineering in itself as the supports for the crash deck had to be coordinated with a Victorian arch structure supporting the concourse floor! This allowed the team to work above the crowds below, to take the old roof off and keep things watertight while the passengers went about their day underneath. Nobody walking through the station could see what was going on above their heads; it was a waterproof crash deck.
For the roof, the architectural design concept utilised ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene), which is a fluorine-based plastic. This results in clear inflatable pillows, much like you see on Cornwall’s The Eden Project, which are kept inflated through a fan system. The use of ETFE allowed us to maximise the naturally occurring daylight coming into the station, and therefore complement the human-centric circadian rhythm LED lighting (which I will come to shortly). The main acoustic feature beams that run across the station concourse were finished in a dramatic gold anodised-like finish, again accentuated by the colour tones of the tuneable white light.
EXTRUDED LINEAR LIGHTING
So, what about the lighting? The majority of the lighting is using a RIDI Lighting luminaire called ‘Venice’. These extruded linear ranges in tuneable white LED were integrated into various aspects of the ceiling system at high and low levels. Natural lines were created inside the concourse to encourage ‘flow of traffic’ and wayfinding through the space, subliminally encouraging passengers to move in the direction of their departure or
Transport hub lighting
Mike Kimmitt on site at Leeds City Station
arrival gate. The higher-level lines were integrated into the structural beams while, in the external canopies, IP-rated versions were supplied to maintain the visual aspect. At lower levels, lines of light were set into the plasterboard margins outside the retail outlets.
One advantage of the Venice system was that we could get it in long lengths that simply clipped together, so the speed of installation was much faster. This was critical because of the tight timeframes we were working to. The LED gear trays all just clicked into the extrusion; we wired into the extrusion and then clipped all the trays in; it was great.
FULL CIRCADIAN LIGHTING
The next important element to discuss is the fact this is a full circadian lighting system and, as I say, we believe a first for a major public transportation space. What do I mean here by ‘circadian’? Simply, that it can change colour temperature from 2700K up to 6500K during the day, and is pre-programmed to mimic the natural daylight coming into the space (of which there is a lot more now too because of the glazing and ETFE).
A programmable Control 3 Dali control system, again from RIDI Lighting, sets the parameters of the circadian rhythm for its specific location and therefore adjusts precisely to the daylight hours at any specific time and date in the year. The system also meets the demands of the energy control needs in the core areas and controls the energy usage in the main station space. Even the lighting in toilets is programmed to dim to 20% when they are not occupied.
As well as wanting the project completed very swiftly, Network Rail was keen to give the station something of a ‘wow’ factor, and I think the circadian lighting does just that. I live in Leeds myself and so can vouch for it from my own personal experience. I was recently asked to do a site survey to London, which meant catching an early-morning train. As I walked through the station the lighting was at a high colour temperature of 5000K, so all very bright and fresh.
But as I arrived back – at around 8pm – everything had been toned down to much warmer white, about 2700K, and the transformation of the space was something to behold; it felt completely different as I walked through the station. It was like a warm hug as I got off the train. Obviously, for some people, if they’re rushing to catch a train or just in the station for a short period of time, they’re unlikely to notice that much difference, but the difference is there. It is also important to remember that, while it is a transient space for some, for others it is their working space or a space where they may be spending a period of time while waiting for their train.
Although the project was successfully completed in time for the UCI Road World Championships in September 2019, the final commissioning of the lighting controls required some fine-tuning and was only completed in January 2020. As highlighted at the beginning of this article, the whole scheme was therefore only handed back to Network Rail just as Covid-19 hit, and passenger numbers disappeared.
That has meant we’ve been unable, so far, to carry out any post-installation passenger or staff market research. But it is something we intend to do once things are back in full force. We intend to gauge whether people feel the space is different to travel through or work within or whether, say, there has been any change in staff absence rates, even though that may be difficult to gauge because of the effect of Covid-19.
LEARNING POINTS
Finally, what learning points did we take away from this project? For me, probably the biggest one was how everyone pulled together so effectively, how we all worked collaboratively to deliver what was a complex and innovative project in such a short space of time, especially as it had to secure everyone’s buy-in every step of the way. Both Network Rail as the client and us at SYSTRA UK as the contractor (and all partner contractors) had to embrace innovation, and the one-team approach on the project was the correct environment for innovation. At every stage my counterpart at Network Rail was involved in the decisions, every sketch, every little idea that we were sharing on a weekly basis, rather than waiting for design submissions in that traditional manner, so the engagement was amazing.
At a practical level, I remember when the first run of luminaires went in, I was up on the crash deck with the electrical contractor (Mark Costello of JSC Electric). We were faced with this massive kit of parts in a container; there was half a kilometre of this continuous lighting up on that ceiling. They were all various lengths to tie in with steelwork dimensions. So, it was like a massive jigsaw puzzle without the lid of the box in front of you at times – but we did it! We hope returning Leeds commuters feel equally positive about their new-look, new-feel terminus.
Mike Kimmitt is principal lighting engineer at SYSTRA UK
FIND OUT MORE
For ILP members who wish to find out more about this project, there is a timelapse photography movie of the lighting as it changes colour temperature, available to view on the RIDI website, at https://ridi-group.co.uk/project/ leeds-station/. There is also a video that can be viewed on YouTube, at https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=nGy_S1GNukg
