Safety Guidebook Sample by Storm Jarvie

Your Company

Safety Guidebook

Contents Emergency Contacts - Australia

Purpose of Guidebook

Confined Spaces

Nail Gun / Stud Driver Equipment

Mobile Elevated Work Platform

Lifting Sling Safety

Using Cutting Tools

High Pressure Injection Injuries

Grinder Disc Safety

Forklift

Excavations / Digging

Removal of Flooring / Guard Rails

Dropped Objects

Plumbing Hazards

Compressed Gasses

Workplace Explosions

Powered Hand Tools

Respirator Awareness

Scaffold

Battery Usage

Wrenches

Carbon Monoxide Hazards

Working Around Water

Vibration Hazards to Arms and Hands

Truck Loading Dock Dangers

Traffic Controllers

Striking Tools

Barricading and Bunting

Working on Roofs or Fragile Surfaces

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Rigging Safety

Sick Building Syndrome

Sun Damage

Stress and the Workplace

Stacking and Storing Material

Solvents

Smoking in the Workplace

Slip, Trip and Fall Hazards

Skin Hazards

Seatbelts

Sanitary Awareness

Safety Boots and Foot Protection

Responsibilities of Personnel

Suspected Heart Attack

Working at Height

Working with Hydrocarbons

Portable Generators

Vehicle Inspection

Fire Response

Chemicals / Hazardous Substances

Vehicle Tyre Blow Out

Bloodborne Pathogens

Asphalt Dangers

Access to Safety Procedures

Your Right and Responsibility to Work Safely

Workplace Housekeeping

Workplace Conduct

Repetitive Motion / Task Hazards

Personal Hygiene

Mobile Phones

Fatigue

Electrical Safety

Eye Protection

Driving a Vehicle

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Crib Safety

Hazard Identification

Evacuation

Driver Fatigue

Dealing with Anger in the Workplace

First Aid

Fitness for Work

Hand Safety

Manual Handling

Machinery Guarding

Looking After Electrical Extension Cords

Ladders

Knife Safety

Isolations

Insect Bites and Stings

Hot Work

Heat Stress

100

Hearing Protection

102

Hazards in Your Workplace Environment

103

Dedication to Safety

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Emergency contacts For all emergencies dial 000 or 112 from your mobile State your name, the nature of the incident, the location, how many people are involved and assistance required Stay on the line for as long as required Assist as much as possible without putting yourself at risk All incidents are to be reported to your direct supervisor as soon as possible

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Purpose of guidebook This book has been provided to you to ensure you are aware of the basic safety requirements to keep yourself and others safe in the workplace. This guidebook does not replace any specific procedures for carrying out work but is intended to guide you towards safely carrying out your everyday duties. If you have any questions or are unsure in regards to your own personal safety, Management insists you stop and speak to your supervisor and work out a safe way to carry out your intended task. Tailored Safety Solutions Pty Ltd does not accept any responsibility on behalf of your employer to maintain your safety at work. It is unacceptable to place yourself in an unsafe situation.

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Confined Spaces Confined Space work has the potential to be dangerous if controls of hazards are not adequate prior to entering.

What are the hazards? Most likely hazards involved in confined space work are atmospheric contaminants (toxic substances, oxygen displacers or explosive gasses) or engulfment (being buried or drowned in product).

What should you do to work safely in confined spaces? Access to confined spaces is limited to trained personnel only. All confined spaces should be sign posted and a register of confined spaces maintained for the worksite. Personnel may only enter a confined space, once a formal risk assessment and Confined Space Entry Permit have been fully completed and authorised. A stand-by person (sentry) must be stationed outside of the space prior to entry to ensure that you stay safe whilst in the confined space. You are classified as entering a confined space if you place your head into the space. We encourage you to identify methods of work, which can be completed from outside of the confined space.

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Nail gun / stud driver type equipment This type of equipment can be very dangerous. Usually the nail / stud is driven into the material using a powder actuation similar to a bullet being fired from a gun.

To stay safe using this type of equipment: Wear the correct PPE including hardhat, impact-resistant safety goggles, gloves and hearing protection as required Make sure you are trained and competent to use the tool Inspect and test the tool before starting to use it each day as recommended by the manufacturer. Be sure that all safety devices, shields and guarding are attached and in good condition. Ensure the tool is cleaned, lubricated and maintained regularly Only use the manufacturer’s recommended studs or nails, do not substitute for lower quality or price Never load the device until everything else on the job is ready to go and never store the device loaded Never fire into a “spalled” (chipped or splintered) area of the material Never fire into hardened or brittle material such as cast iron, brick, glazed tile, hardened steel or rock. Never fire into any material that is thin or can be easily penetrated unless it is properly backed Ensure you aren’t in an explosive atmosphere such as fuel or gas vapours when using the tool If a misfire occurs, follow the manufacturer’s instructions very carefully Communicate to all around you that you are using the device to keep others away and not to scare them with the noise

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Mobile elevated work platforms Mobile elevated work platforms (MEWP) can come in many different forms including: Boom type self propelled units Scissor lifts Truck mounted cherry pickers

Before use Operators of these types of MEWP's shall be licensed and competent to operate the machinery. Please speak to your supervisor if you are required to operate this machinery and you havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t been trained or qualified. MEWP's will have a log book which remains with the machine at all times. Prior to using the machine, the pre-use checklist must be completed and recorded. If any fault is found on the machinery, it is not to be used and an Out of Service Tag is to be placed on the equipment immediately to stop anyone else from using it. Report the fault to your supervisor to arrange repairs.

When an MEWP is required A formal risk assessment must be completed prior to carrying out a task using a mobile elevated work platform. Considerations should include: Limitations of the machine including SWL and wind speed prohibitions Environmental considerations such as sloping ground, ground stability,

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proximity to electrical sources and potential for lightning strikes Operator competencies The possible requirement for a ground observer / safety standby person Rescue plans

Operating requirements: Ensure that everyone in the machine remains on the floor at all times (it is not acceptable for people to stand on guardrails or raise their body above the guardrails at anytime while inside the basket PPE shall be worn in accordance with the machine specifications such as attaching a lanyard to an anchor point and wearing a harness Barricading around the machine to protect personnel in the area and reduce the risk or being struck by traffic When working above people, taking appropriate actions to ensure no tools or loose objects can strike anyone below If slewing is required, consider the possibility of collision with structures and ensure barricades are correctly positioned

Travelling an MEWP: Do not travel while the basket is in a raised position (always lower then move to desired location and then raise basket) Gradients must not exceed the manufacturers limit (usually 5 degrees) When travelling on roads, consider the use of an escort vehicle

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Lifting sling safety When using lifting slings, the following precautions should be noted prior to a lift: All personnel using slings must be adequately trained and deemed competent to carryout the task required All slings must be chosen in accordance with the load to be lifted Slings are not to be shortened or altered by any means outside of the manufacturers instructions Slings must be inspected for damage and defects including ‘before use’and ‘after use’ and ‘prior to a loading the sling’ Correct rigging is required to maintain adequate control of the load Pad sharp edges prior to a lift to prevent damage to the sling Do not drag chains and other sling equipment across the ground Store all equipment in its correct location, not on the floor Never ride a load, personnel can only be lifted using a certified work box Always keep all parts of your body from between the sling and the hook and the sling and the load

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Using cutting tools Many different tools can be used for cutting. Users have the possibility of being cut by these tools but some other hidden hazards can cause harm to personnel if they are not used correctly. The following are some tips for correctly using some of these tools:

Chisels Always wear safety glasses Hold chisel lightly in the hollow of your hand with the palm up, supported by your thumb and first two fingers Hold at an angle when shearing to permit one bevel of the cutting edge to ride flat against the shearing plane Never use a chisel with a mushroomed head

Cutters Use heavy-duty cutters when cutting heavy wire, reinforcing wire or bolts Apply force at a right angle to the cutting edge Never use cutters near live electrical circuits and never use claw hammers, crowbars or other prying tools to snap metal bands or wire Wear approved eye protection when using cutters

Hacksaws Apply pressure on the downward stroke only On the return stroke, lift the saw and lightly pull it back in the cut to protect the teeth If you twist the blade or apply too much pressure the blade may break and result in hand and arm injuries 11 of 105

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Knives When working with knives, wear hand guards, mesh gloves, or other types of PPE Make the cutting motion away from your body.

Planes Store the planes in a rack to protect the cutting edges from damage and to prevent injuries Always keep the cutting blades sharp Hold material being planed in a vise or clamp

Saws Use slow, careful downward strokes to help the saw cut directly across the material Do not crowd or force a saw through the cut because the saw may buckle or fly out Keep the saw sharp, properly set, and free of cracks and broken teeth

Tin Snips Use one hand to operate the snips and the other to hold the edge of the metal being cut Do not lean over to cut the entire width when larger stock is being cut or when the material is likely to bend up Never force, hammer, or step on the handle of the tin snips to increase leverage, instead use heavier snips

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High pressure injection injuries There are many sources of high pressure around workplaces, such as compressed air or gasses, hydraulic systems and liquid pressure systems like painting units. Many of these types of equipment run at great pounds per square inch (psi) and can potentially inject the substance into personnel.

How do you stay safe around high pressure? Be trained and competent to operate the equipment Inspect equipment regularly for leaks but do not use your hands to locate leaks in hosing Never direct a nozzle at a person or any part of your body Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t deflect or stop fluid leaks with your hand, body, glove or rag Ensure all equipment is working correctly prior to operation, especially the gun trigger and the safety lock if applicable Prior to working on equipment, isolate and de-pressurise in accordance with the manufacturers instructions Replace all worn or damaged parts immediately and only use manufacturer authorised parts If a high-pressure injection occurs to someone, seek medical attention immediately (this could be a life threatening incident)

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Grinder disc safety What are the dangers? Many serious incidents have occurred in industry due to grinding discs breaking and striking people, particularly causing eye injuries. Often a disc breaks due to it being damaged, being used or installed incorrectly, the grinder running at the wrong speed and at times, personnel handling the grinder or disc too roughly.

What should you do? Store the grinding discs correctly in accordance with manufacturers instructions Ensure you use the correct disc for the machine or tool and that its appropriate for the job you are required to do Inspect discs prior to use ensuring there are no defects such as chips and cracks along the edges and holes in the disc Installation of the disc must be carried out be a qualified person. The machine must be turned off and the power isolated prior to removing or installing a disc Ensure that the disc guards are in place and adjusted correctly prior to starting work. These guards are specifically designed to keep shattered material inside the housing if a disc was to fail Adjust the work rest correctly in accordance with the manufacturers instructions Stand to one side when starting up a grinder and do not exceed the speed recommended by the manufacturer Wear the correct PPE for using a grinder including double eye protection and ear protection as required Be aware of fumes and gasses that may be present in the area or generated by the grinding work and implement controls as required

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Forklift The following controls reduce the risk to people and equipment when working with or around forklifts: All operators must be trained and competent for the machine they are operating A pre-use inspection must be carried out prior to operating the machine Check the load including determining whether it is secure, the pallet is structurally sound and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s within the weight limits of the forklift Position the forks so the load is evenly distributed and will not destabilise the forklift. If required, re-stack the pallet rather than risk it Only lift the load high enough to ensure the skid doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t drag or catch on the ground. Also consider overhead clearances Plan your route prior to the lift and ensure all obstructions are removed Clearly identify your workplace and barricade to keep unauthorised personnel and vehicles out of the operating area Never exceed the speed limit and consider the additional weight of the load for stopping distances Always give way to pedestrians and ensure the route is clear prior to continuing work. Communication between work groups is essential to maintain safety during forklift works

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Excavations / digging Injury to people and damage to equipment can occur if correct procedures are not followed prior to penetrating the ground.

What should you do? It must be confirmed that no services are under the ground prior to excavations. Services may include: Electrical cables Water services Fibre optic / communication cables Gas pipelines

An authorised person, prior to commencing digging, must conduct a survey of the ground. Excavations can be hazardous due to people falling into the hole, the earth collapsing or heavier than air gasses accumulating in low-lying areas. Controls for these hazards need to be established prior to anyone accessing an excavation.

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Removal of flooring / guard rails Prior to removing any flooring or guard rails, obtain permission from the area supervisor.

Some controls for removal of flooring or guard rails may include: Build temporary barricading prior to lifting the flooring or removing the guard rail Seal off the area to ensure no-one can access the area whilst guard railing or flooring is missing Install systems such as a restraint system with a harness and a lanyard to ensure you cannot fall once the hole is created When installing new flooring, secure immediately (i.e. clip grid mesh in place donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t just sit it in place without securing) Barricade the area below where you are working to ensure no-one is able to be struck if the flooring or guard railing or tools are dropped Protect ladder way floor openings and platforms with hard barricading

Un-barricaded edge or openings in walkways have the potential to be very dangerous and we want to make sure that our workplaces are safe for all accessing these areas.

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Dropped Objects: Working at heights has gained much focus in industry recently but the risk from dropped objects has not been given as much attention. We encourage all our employees and contractors to pay attention to the risk of dropping objects from one level to another.

To protect from dropped objects: Barricade the area below the work area Lay down mats or covers over grid mesh to ensure items to not fall between the grating Modify tools so they do not fit through gaps in workplace flooring Attach tool lanyards to tools to ensure they cannot fall

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Plumbing hazards Often plumbing is not recognised as a hazardous occupation but there are many opportunities for personnel to be hurt whilst carrying out plumbing activities.

Consider the following prior to undertaking plumbing works: Are you trained a qualified to carry out the required task? Are there any atmospheric dangers from solvents, glues, joint compounds and primers etc that may be breathed in or may explode? Could you be exposed to biohazards such as human waste? Are you using any corrosive chemicals? Does the area you are working in contain any lead or is it insulated with asbestos? Could you be burned by hot water or steam? Could there have any snakes or spiders or rats where you are working? Is the weather suitable to the task? (Flash floods of drains, lightning strikes to pipe-work etc) Is the work required in a confined space? Are you trained, permitted, have a stand-by person etc? Are you working at an awkward position where you may strain muscles due to movements or posture? Is there a potential for foreign objects to enter your eye whilst doing work such as soldering, welding, grinding, painting or working overhead?

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Compressed Gases Compressed Gases raise many concerns to safety when utilised in the work place. Please focus on the following when working with any compressed gases:

Injury from the cylinder Always secure the cylinder when being used, when being transported or when being stored as cylinders can take off like a missile if the valve is knocked off, the cylinders can also be very heavy and may cause injury to personnel being struck by a falling cylinder Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t drop or bang cylinders together Keep cylinders away from artificial sources of heat or ignition Keep cylinders clean and away from grease and oil Only use suitable trolleys to transport cylinders rather than rolling into place When transporting cylinders by crane, use approved material skiffs, never use magnets or slings

Injury from the contents Ensure that cylinders are legibly marked identifying contents (if you cannot identify the contents then report immediately to your supervisor) Ensure that the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is available and reviewed prior to working with gas cylinders Appropriate PPE should be used at all times when dealing with compressed gas cylinders, even when transporting Routine checks to detect leaks, damage and obstructions shall be conducted Cylinders should only be used in an upright manner unless otherwise directed by the manufacturer / supplier

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Only use the specified regulator for each bottle and open slowly Never take a compressed gas cylinder into a confined space, take hoses in instead and leave the cylinders outside the space Do not use compressed gas to clean anything off yourself or your clothing When the cylinder has been used, mark the cylinder “Empty” or “MT”

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Workplace explosions Explosions in the workplace can be extremely hazardous. Everyone needs to be aware of what may cause an explosion and what to do to ensure an explosion does not occur.

Causes: Sparks connecting with gas vapours or igniting flammable materials can trigger an explosion. Sparks may come from electric hand tools, hot work activities or even cigarettes Electrical hazards such as static electricity or the arc created by a wiring short could start a fire or ignite an explosive gas Some chemicals are explosive if mixed together, other chemicals can explode if exposed to water or air or if their containers are handled roughly Mechanical problems such as a malfunctioning relief valve on a boiler that causes an internal build-up of pressure, or friction between metal parts that produce heat or sparks may cause explosions. On occasion corroded or leaky equipment may release explosive gases Dust explosions are known to occur if the conditions are right and a spark is introduced Poor ventilation during confined space works may contribute to an explosion

Prevention methods: Follow all safety procedures and comply with Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) documentation when dealing with explosive materials Maintain a clean job-site, keep aisles and stairwells clear and fire exits accessible Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow loose paper or cardboard to accumulate, keep these away from hot surfaces such as furnaces, lamps or flues

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Never use a flammable liquid for cleaning Empty waste cans daily, especially those used for disposal of oil-soaked rags or greasy paper towels Store potential explosives such as heavy-duty batteries and hazardous or flammable materials in a well-ventilated area, maintaining a safe distance from heat sources Clean work areas thoroughly before carrying out hot work such as welding or cutting Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t use electrical equipment near explosive hazards, use intrinsically safe tools that do not create sparks Ensure that all electrical equipment is approved and grounded Regularly inspect cords for fraying and other damage Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t overload electrical circuits Keep all electrical control panels clear and easily accessible Inspect mechanical equipment for overheating hazards and report equipment problems immediately Smoke only in designated areas and never around explosive gasses and dispose of cigarettes only in fire-safe containers

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Powered hand tools When using powered hand tools prevent injury by taking the following precautions: Only operate equipment you are trained and qualified to operate Prior to operation, ensure you know the location of the main power switch so you can turn off the power in the event of an emergency When leaving the worksite, disconnect the tool from its power source Make sure all guards are in place prior to operation Make sure all electrical tools are grounded Ensure the equipment being worked on is secured with equipment such as a vice or clamps

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Respirator awareness Some hazards are more difficult to protect personnel from than others. Hazardous substances can sometimes come in forms that you may be able to breathe in. Toxic substances may be in dust, gas, vapour, fume or mist form. Some areas may have extremely hot air or extremely cold air or even not enough oxygen to survive.

What can we do to protect ourselves? We want to ensure you are protected from these hazards and will supply the adequate respiratory protection as required. Our first priority is avoiding entering an area that has a dangerous atmosphere, usually the only way to do this is to have a qualified person check the atmosphere with a gas monitor. If the area is known to be dangerous, ventilation systems may be installed to remove the dangerous toxins and replace with fresh air. If respiratory protection (PPE) is the only option for safely accessing this area, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s important that the correct equipment is worn for the hazards.

If wearing respiratory protection: You must be trained and competent to wear the equipment Review the MSDS and be aware of all safety precautions required for the product The respiratory protection must be adequate for the risks (i.e. a dust mask will

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not protect you from dangerous chemicals or gasses) If using a chemical cartridge mask, ensure the cartridge is correct for the chemicals you are dealing with Follow all the instructions provided by the manufacturer including complying with facial hair requirements etc If wearing air supplied equipment, ensure all equipment is certified and the air supply is safe and clean If in doubt when dealing with respiratory protection, stop and speak to your supervisor or safety representative for advice

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Scaffold The use of scaffold is common practice in many workplaces and we want to ensure that personnel accessing scaffold know what to look for prior to accessing potentially dangerous areas.

If you are going to climb onto a scaffold: Check the Scaff-Tag to ensure that the scaffold has been inspected within at least 30 days (some sites may be less) Check the back of the tag for this inspection date if the date on the front is outside of the abovementioned days Take note of the maximum weight allowed on the scaffold (i.e. light, medium or heavy duty). Remember that this weight includes the person on the scaffold plus any tools or equipment being brought onto the scaffold Do not climb over any handrails on scaffold Do not modify any scaffold Ensure that you have handrails all around you whilst you are working and that there are no holes in the flooring prior to commencing work

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Battery usage Batteries are used regularly in many different work places.

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the danger? The chemical reactions required to generate electricity involve toxic and explosive substances, harmful to humans and the environment. There even has a potential for batteries to deliver fatal electrical shocks. The main hazard in regards to batteries is the accumulation of hydrogen gas, which is very explosive.

What can we do to not get hurt? Read and follow the manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s instructions Do not mix batteries of different brands Do not mix old and new batteries Do not mix batteries of different types, such as alkaline and non-alkaline, or rechargeable and non-rechargeable Do not use damaged or leaking batteries Observe the correct polarity when installing batteries

Please also keep in mind that batteries can be very heavy due to their lead content. We encourage you to use safe manual handling techniques when you are required to move or transport batteries.

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Wrenches A wrench is a common tool in many workplace environments but there is potential for injury to occur when used incorrectly.

To stay safe while using a wrench: Inspect the wrench before use and make sure it is in good condition Do not use an extender on a wrench as the tool or equipment can be broken resulting in metal fragments impacting workers eyes or skin and the potential for the out of control handle to strike the body causing injury Isolate electrical equipment if there is a possibility of electric shock whilst working on equipment Do not use the wrench as a hammer unless it is designed for that purpose Ensure that the wrench is adjusted correctly so not to damage the equipment or slip causing you to strike an object or lose balance Maintain good footing when using a wrench and also consider room for your fingers when turning so they are not smashed Store wrenches correctly away from excessive heat, moisture and ensure micrometer wrenches are stored at the lowest setting Always wear the appropriate PPE for the task including gloves, and protective eyewear

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Carbon Monoxide hazards Carbon Monoxide is an odourless, colourless gas that can cause sudden illness and death.

Where does it come from? It is found in combustion fumes such as those produced by cars and trucks, small combustion engines, stoves, lanterns, burning charcoal and wood and heating systems. If the above is used in an area where the gas may build up, this can be very dangerous.

What can happen to you? People who are exposed to Carbon Monoxide may display symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea and irregular breathing.

Carbon Monoxide precautions Use Carbon Monoxide detectors with an audible alert in areas where Carbon Monoxide may accumulate Make sure that all fuel-burning appliances are properly installed, maintained and operated All furnaces, water heaters, and gas dryers are inspected annually by a qualified service technician Fireplace chimneys and flues are checked and cleaned every year Unvented fuel-burning space heaters are used only while someone is awake to monitor them and doors or windows in the room are open to provide fresh air Vehicle exhaust systems are routinely inspected for defects Vehicle tailpipes are routinely inspected for blockage

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Working around water People working around water need to establish protective controls to ensure they are not put in a position where they potentially can fall in and drown.

To stay safe while working around water consider: Work behind handrails and railings when near an edge such as a wharf, dock or dam Use fall prevention and fall arrest equipment to stop a fall from occurring Ensure a life preserver ring is available and you know the location Ensure ladders are available to return to dry land if a fall was to occur Consider wearing footwear with non-slip soles When on watercraft, wear the correct personal flotation device such as a life jacket Know how to swim prior to working around water

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Vibration hazards to arms and hands Operators of pneumatic, hydraulic, electric or fuel powered tools such as impact wrenches, rivet guns, chainsaws or hedge cutters etc may be exposing themselves to a hazard that many are not aware of. Vibration syndrome has been known to cause painful attacks, loss of blood supply to fingertips and at times even caused loss of coordination to do intricate work with fingers and hands.

What can you do when using vibration type tools? Wear warm clothing in cold weather to ensure plenty of blood supply to your extremities Wear the correct gloves for the machinery you are operating, this may include anti-vibration gloves. Make sure the safety equipment doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t present more of a hazard such as being able to get snagged in moving equipment etc Ensure that tools and protective equipment is regularly inspected and maintained Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t grip the equipment any tighter than necessary

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Truck loading dock dangers Injuries and fatalities have occurred around loading docks. People have been crushed by moving trailers or forklifts, some have fallen off the loading dock or trailer without edge protection and at times, the forklift has toppled off the dock with the potential of serious injury or death to the operator.

Some controls to stay safe include: As a truck driver Observe and obey all signals from dock-workers or from automatic lights Cooperate with the vehicle restraint procedures If you are to exit your vehicle, stick to the pedestrian lanes

As a dock-worker Ensure trailers are restrained in accordance with site procedures prior to commencing loading operations. Use a loading dock leveler correctly and never tamper with the safety stop device intended to stop free-fall If procedures require chocking to be put in place, install them yourself (do not rely on the driver to do this) Use correct manual handling techniques to look after your back Identify pinch points and remove or avoid placing yourself in these positions Ensure all lighting is operational and keep surface free of grease and mud to prevent falls When operating a forklift, always follow all correct procedures, especially wearing your seat-belt

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Traffic controllers The role of a traffic controller is important to the safety of all those involved in work near the road and the safety of people in vehicles using the road. Traffic controllers need to remain alert at all times when performing their duties in order to keep everyone safe.

To maintain your safety as a traffic controller: Pay attention and be attentive to the traffic and workplace at all times Wear high visibility clothing such as vests or shirts with reflectors or if working at night time, flashing lights and torches with coloured cones Be sure that signage and yourself is positioned in an area that is fully visible to traffic To reduce fatigue, use a short box or similar object to place one foot on at times to assist with circulation and prevent back strain Be courteous and professional Maintain eye contact with vehicle operators so you know you have their attention Use hand signals to move vehicles forward when safe and also to slow the vehicles down if they are moving too quickly

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Striking tools To stay safe when using striking and struck tools, consider the following prior to carrying out any works requiring striking an object: Only use tools specifically designed for striking or being struck such as mauls and sledges with wedges and chisels, not a screwdriver Make sure you have adequate PPE, especially for your eyes including impact resistant goggles to protect from flying objects Inspect all tools before use to ensure there are no chips, or cracks, or damaged handles. If tools have mushroomed heads they may need to be redressed before they can be used Ensure your area has enough room to strike the blow squarely and passerbyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s are also not put at risk

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Barricading and bunting Barricading can come in many different forms. In general, do not pass through any barricaded areas unless you absolutely have to and ensure you don't put yourself at risk. The following is a brief guide on some barricading that you may come across in different work-sites:

Soft barricades: Caution Tape – usually yellow and black. This tape is self-explanatory, tak e extreme caution if going into areas barricaded using caution tape. Install a tag informing personnel of why the barricading is put in place to all sides of the barricading. Avoid entering areas barricaded with caution tape unless absolutely necessary and check to see if you need permission Danger Tape – usually red and white or red and black. This tape should not e b crossed unless you are part of the work crew that installed the tape. Even then you must be absolutely certain of what the danger is and appropriate controls are in place to ensure you cannot be hurt. A tag informing personnel of the reason for the tape and a mobile phone number of the installer should be placed on all sides of the barricading Exclusive Control / Special Projects – usually blue and white tape. This tap e designates a working area for an authorised work crew. Treat this tape as Danger Tape unless you are part of the work crew and if so, controls must be implemented to ensure that you cannot be hurt in that area. Tags informing personnel of the reason for the barricading and a mobile number of the supervisor of the job should be installed on all sides of the barricading Commissioning Tape – usually green and white tape. This tape is ofte n utilised on construction sites where equipment is being commissioned but is not yet operational. It is designed to keep personnel away from equipment as it may or may not be live and it needs to be thoroughly tested before being made operational. Avoid entering commissioning areas unless authorised

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Hard barricading can come in many different forms but should be treated the same. Do not cross hard barricading unless you are authorised and all controls have been implemented to keep you safe. Forms of hard barricading can include: Scaffolding tube Fencing Hard plastic fencing Water / traffic bollards

Ensure that if you are going to be working in any area, you install the correct barricading prior to commencing work. Think of the hazards from traffic or other personnel working or entering your work area. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t forget to look above and below your area of work as signage and barricades may be required in those locations as well.

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Working on roofs or fragile surfaces A high risk of injury or even death can occur to if you are able to fall through a working surface such as a fragile roof. All fragile surfaces should be clearly identified and sign posted at access points to the area.

If you are required to work on a potentially fragile surface: Look for an alternative way to access the area without walking on the fragile surface Arrange for scaffold to be built and a platform put in place so you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to walk on the fragile surface Arrange for safety mesh to be installed over the fragile surface so a fall through is impossible

We will not endorse any work on a fragile surface. Do not access these areas unless a safe system of access has been installed first.

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Rigging safety When carrying out a lift, it is important that the rigging is correct. Using machinery to carry out a lift is a great control rather than people using their bodies to lift and potentially straining themselves.

To stay safe during a lift, follow these simple checks: In regards to the lifting equipment, check when it was last formally inspected (within 3 months), carry out a pre-use inspection checking for any damage and donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t use anything that looks out of the ordinary or damaged Determine the load weight prior to planning any lifting techniques. Ensure that all equipment being used (crane, slings, hooks, shackles etc) is rated for the weight load Use the appropriate type of slings for the specific load with the correct attachments such as hooks or rings Do not rig around sharp edges without applying padding to ensure slings arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t damaged Before carrying out the lift, put a light strain on the load to ensure the load is balanced and all the equipment is working correctly. Identify where the load may possibly snag during the lift Do not place hands or fingers between the sling and the load or the load and the ground when the lift is commencing Ensure no personnel are underneath the load once it is being lifted. Have a clear path designated in advance and keep the area clear

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Sick building syndrome In industry it is recognised that illnesses can be transferred throughout buildings easily and at times, even the building has made people feel unwell. If you find yourself suffering from symptoms such as headache, eye, nose or throat irritation, dry cough, dry or itchy skin, dizziness and nausea etc it is important to take the correct actions. See a medical professional for the best treatment Ensure that you wash your hands well Always cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing to stop the spread of illnesses

To avoid the workplace impacting on your health consider the following: Make sure there is adequate ventilation in your work area Ensure that no chemicals are contaminating your work area from indoor or outdoor sources Check that no biological contaminants are entering your work area and avoid personnel who are sick and coughing and sneezing If someone does cough or sneeze near you, attempt to hold your breath for a short time and move away from that area Coming to work sick is not an advantage for the business, making others sick will impact greatly on the business so where possible, avoid contact with others when you are sick

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Sun damage UV Radiation has the potential to cause skin cancer and other detrimental health conditions.

To protect yourself as much as possible from the sun: Use sunscreen (min SPF15) Wear correct clothing, hats and sunglasses for the task Install shade where practicable Consider the time of day when tasks are conducted

The following should be considered prior to working in the sun: Skin cancers account for approximately 81% of all new cancers diagnosed each year in Australia Melanoma skin cancers cause more than 1400 deaths each year Sun exposure can prematurely age skin and bring wrinkles, cataracts and other eye problems

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Stress and the workplace Stress is a natural part of life and a reasonable amount of stress can motivate us to work better and faster, but excessive stress can cause many problems such as health difficulties.

Some signs of stress: Sleeping difficulties Feelings of anxiety and of being overwhelmed Being short tempered and uptight Tense muscles, headache or upset stomach Abuse of substances such as food, cigarettes, alcohol or drugs

Some ways of helping cope with stress: Maintain good health by eating nutritional meals, getting adequate sleep and rest, exercising daily or at least several times a week Avoid drugs for relief such as alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, prescription drugs, over the counter remedies or even street drugs as addiction is more likely instead of carrying out actions to remove the stress Consider different relaxation techniques such as concentrating on your breathing, carrying out progressive relaxation of muscles etc. There are many different methods to help separate ourselves from our stress Speak to someone about how you are feeling, someone you trust such as a family member, friend or a counselor Relax during your time off from work and other responsibilities, even if it is very short, every day do something you enjoy

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Stacking and storing material Incidents have occurred on some worksites where people have been injured or even killed as a result of incorrectly stacking and storing materials. Materials have been known to slide, roll or even fall onto workers potentially crushing or killing the person in its way.

Establish the following controls: Ensure that all walkways and aisles are kept clear so people do not trip over objects or strike themselves on materials protruding from shelving When storing chemicals, follow the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) advice including the correct temperature, signage, ventilation etc. Also check to make sure it can be stored with other chemicals Store heavy items low near the floor and lighter items higher. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t store heavy equipment at height where personnel may accidently pull this equipment down on top of themselves When using cabinets, load the lower shelves and drawers first so that it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t over-balance when opening the top shelves. Make sure you secure these type of storage units to the wall to stop them tipping over Do not climb on any shelving units or cabinets When storing items that could roll such as pipes or drums, make sure you chock them or block them from being able to roll off Inspect all your storage mediums such as pallets and racks and shelves regularly to make sure they have not been damaged by a forklift etc Know the safe loading limit of the shelves, cabinets, racks etc and make sure you do not exceed this weight limit Do not store any items which block emergency equipment or emergency exits

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Solvents Solvents are often found in workplaces. Examples are degreasers, industrial cleaners and paint thinners and they are usually used to dissolve other substances.

Observe the following when using solvents: Ensure that there are no heat sources around when using solvents, the vapours can catch fire and potentially explode Read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and ensure you adhere to all warnings and PPE requirements

Inhalation Treatment If someone breathes in solvent vapours they may feel nauseous, dizzy, have a headache and even have difficulty breathing You should immediately move them to fresh air and contact emergency services If medical oxygen is available, provide it to the person with breathing difficulties

Ingestion Treatment If a solvent is swallowed, immediately contact emergency services The poisons hotline may be able to assist Do not encourage vomiting or eating or drinking anything else unless instructed by a medical professional

Treatment for Eye If a solvent enters someoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eye, immediately commence flushing with fresh 44 of 105

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clean water with whatever means are available at the time Flushing should continue for 15 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20 minutes It is essential emergency services be contacted as soon as possible If the person is wearing contact lenses, remove them if possible as the substance can be trapped underneath the lens

Treatment if on Skin If a solvent gets on the skin, flush with clean water for 15 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20 minutes Remove contaminated clothing ensuring your own safety whilst assisting Do not scrub the affected area as this may damage the skin more

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Smoking in the workplace Environmental tobacco smoke is a hazard and employees who have concerns about tobacco smoke in their environment should raise it with their supervisor in the first instance.

What is the problem? Many people die due to smoking related illnesses each year Nearly 40% of all people who die from smoking die from heart and blood vessel disease

To help avoid unwanted smoke inhalation: When designated smoking areas are defined in a workplace, only smoke in these areas If no designated smoking areas exist in a work area, then only smoke outdoors and not within 2 metres of walkways, entrances, doorways or windows Dispose of all cigarette butts responsibly in designated ash trays and rubbish bins Speak to your supervisor in regards to what assistance we can provide to assist you in quitting smoking

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Slip, trip and fall hazards A major cause of workplace injuries and fatalities each year are personnel slipping, tripping or falling. The following are considerations to be aware of to make sure you are not one of the statistics: Is the area wet? Is the area contaminated with mud, ice or clay? Are the ground coverings such as carpets or linoleum securely fastened to the ground? Are walkways in the workplace clearly identified or are there materials in all directions? Are you working on any platforms with uneven levels? Is your clothing potentially going to trip you (i.e. pants too long)? Are you able to hold the handrail whilst ascending and descending stairs? Is there adequate mediums for climbing between levels (i.e. staircases or ladders)? When climbing onto any structure, is it rated for your weight and the weight of the equipment and tools you intend to use? Have you tidied up your workplace to ensure that cables and other trip hazards have been removed prior to commencing a task?

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Skin hazards The skin is the bodies largest organ and is very susceptible to the outside environment.

Skin problems include: dryness, redness, itching, swelling, cracked, scaly, thickened or blistered.

To avoid skin damaged observe the following: Always consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to using chemicals and ensure you wear all the correct PPE Avoid exposing your skin to the sun and if you must, ensure you protect it as much as possible with sun-screen, long sleeves, hat etc Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t over-expose yourself to any substances, even water. Many liquids can break down the skinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural defense by stripping away natural oils Use barrier creams if required, also consider moisturising your skin regularly

If your skin has a reaction, try to determine what it is reacting to. Sometimes this may be a change in washing powder or it could be a new chemical being used at work. If you can identify it, obtain the MSDS and work out what you can do to not have the reactions. If in doubt, please contact your supervisor or health and safety representative NOTE: Some personnel may have an adverse reaction to some substances, this may be life threatening and it is important to call emergency services immediately

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Seatbelts Whether you are going on a long trip or just down the road, it is inexcusable to not wear a seat-belt while in a moving vehicle. If a vehicle accident occurs your chances of a major injury of fatality dramatically increases if you are not wearing your seatbelt.

Keep in mind the following when deciding whether or not you will use your seat-belt: When wearing a seatbelt the risk of fatal injury in a car is improved by 45% When driving a light truck this figure is improved to 60% Being ejected from the vehicle is one major reason why people die when not wearing their seatbelt Air bags and the like in vehicles do not work as well if you are not wearing your seatbelt It is illegal to not wear your seatbelt and you are subject to fines and loss of points, which could result in the loss of your driverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s license

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Sanitary awareness The common cold, the flu, gastrointestinal problems plus many other health conditions are transferred through touch. Another risk in workplaces is exposure to chemicals from touch. It is important to wash correctly and at correct times.

When should you wash: Before preparing any food and changes in food groups (i.e. from chicken to vegetables) Prior to eating or smoking or applying make-up After using any chemicals or after touching items such as pets, toilets or biological products

To correctly wash your hands: Take off watches, bracelets and rings etc Using running water, wet your hands and forearms Using soap, lather thoroughly Rub your hands together vigorously for at least 15 seconds, scrub wrists, the front and back of hands and fingers and fingernails Rinse under warm running water Repeat if necessary Dry hands completely using a one use towel (i.e. paper towel) Use a paper towel to turn off the tap and open the door to exit the bathroom If you must wash your hands often, consider applying moisturisers to maintain the oil balance of your skin.

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Safety boots and foot protection Foot protection is required in many worksites to reduce the likelihood of personnel being injured from hazards such as: Objects falling / rolling / swinging / moving and causing damage to the foot Your foot being cut or punctured by sharp items Slipping and falling

The following will assist in keeping your feet safe: Choose safety shoes / boots which correctly fit Depending on the tasks carried out, consider over ankle protection Consider anti-slip soles for some environments Ensure that boots are laced up fully and laces are not going to cause a trip hazard whilst walking Inspect your shoes regularly for embedded metals or other foreign objects that could damage your shoe or feet, check for cracks and cuts which may allow chemicals etc to enter the boots. If damaged, speak to your supervisor in regards to arranging new boots If you require any advice in regards to what boots you need to wear for certain tasks, please discuss with your supervisor

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Responsibilities of personnel Employees / Contract Personnel All employees and contractors have a responsibility to work in a safe manner in accordance with procedures and directions from their supervisor. If an unsafe situation is observed, everyone has a responsibility to make the situation safe as quickly as possible. If this is not possible, notify the area supervisor to ensure action is taken so no one else is put at risk. Everyone must wear appropriate PPE correctly when provided.

Supervisors All supervisors have a responsibility to guide employees and contractors in safe work practices. Supervisors must ensure that all workplaces areas are free of hazards. The health and safety of all personnel in areas of a supervisors control must be reviewed and maintained to the highest level to make sure no personnel are put at risk. If an unsafe situation is observed, it must be immediately rectified before work can continue.

Management Company Management must ensure that systems are in place to maintain the workplace so that no one is exposed to hazards and risks. Management must ensure that all personnel are provided with adequate training and supervision to safely carry out their duties at work. Management authorises all personnel to cease any task if it puts any personnel at risk.

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Suspected heart attack Chest pain, pressure, weakness, dizziness, radiation of pain to the jaw or arm, shortness of breath are all potential signs of someone having a heart attack.

To help someone having a suspected heart attack: Call for help immediately, contact emergency services and advise them that someone has presented with chest pain (this will be a priority call out) Sit the person down, help them feel comfortable by loosening tight clothing, keep them warm Ask them if they are taking any medication and if so, what and pass this information onto the paramedics when they arrive If they arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allergic to Aspirin, dissolve 300mg in a small amount of water and ask them to drink it. (This is not for the pain, Aspirin assists with the blood passing through the arteries) If they become light headed or fall unconscious, place them in the recovery position and follow your DRABCD protocols If an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) is available, be prepared to place it on the casualty and follow the instructions of the machine Carry out first aid in accordance with the training you have received Stay with the person until medical aid arrives and let the paramedics know everything that has happened and the actions you have taken

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Working at height It is not acceptable to place yourself or other personnel in a position where they may fall or drop objects on other people.

What is working at height? Working at Height is classified as any time when personnel may fall from one level to another or when they may strike others with dropped objects.

Options to protect yourself when working at height can include: Eliminate the WAH task (donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t place yourself in an at height position) Substitute the WAH task (use a crane to bring the task to the ground) Isolate personnel from the edge (hard barricades and walkways) Engineering controls (elevated work platform or scaffold) Administration controls (risk assessment / permits etc) PPE in restraint (utilise harnesses and lanyards in restraint systems which do not allow a fall to occur) PPE in arrest (utilise harnesses and lanyards in a system which captures the person after they fall)

If you must carry out a task which involves working at height, you must have completed training in working at heights. No personnel are to wear a harness unless they have been trained in this skill.

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Working with hydrocarbons Many fuels can be dangerous as vapours can be released that are toxic and also explosive. The substance itself can burn and once on fire, many other toxic gasses can be released.

How can you stay safe using hydrocarbons? Never use or store fuel indoors or close to heat or flame Use fuel only in areas free of ignition sources Never use fuel to start or build up a fire Never use or store fuel where vapours can seep under buildings or into basements Never use fuel as a solvent or cleaning solution Fill fuel tanks before equipment is in use. Re-fuel with the engine turned off If you are carrying a fuel container in a vehicle, keep the container in the trunk and keep the trunk ajar for ventilation If fire does start while handling fuel, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t panic, attempt to position the container away from any other products that may catch fire and immediately contact the emergency services When fuelling, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get in and out of the vehicle as static electricity from your body could spark a fire When filling portable fuel containers, put the container on the ground first. Never fill containers inside a vehicle or in the bed of a truck Fill containers outdoors only

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Portable generators A portable generator is a useful tool but can be dangerous if not used correctly.

How can portable generators hurt you? In industry people have been killed or injured due to the Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions from generators, personnel have also been hurt due to electric shock and at times, generators have caused fires in workplaces.

To make sure you don't get hurt by portable generators: Never use a portable generator indoors; outdoor use only. Position the generator with a canopy like structure above it to ensure it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get wet from rain etc. Ensure your hands are dry prior to touching the generator Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t locate the generator near windows, doors or vents, which may draw the CO inside If you start to feel sick, dizzy, weak or nauseous when working with a generator, move to fresh air immediately and if concerned, seek medical attention Use CO alarms in your work areas if many generators or combustion motors are being used, ensure the CO monitors are regularly serviced and certified in accordance with manufacturers recommendations Inspect electrical equipment for damage prior to plugging them into the generator and ensure that the equipment is rated to the same operational capabilities as the generator Do not back-feed electricity into a building or structure, this can cause electrocution to personnel and damage to building facilities. An electrician must perform any electrical installations to buildings or structures

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Never store fuel for your generator too close to the generator as the heat may cause a fire or explosion. Store fuel in a properly labeled safety container and ensure that it is sealed properly Before refueling generators, make sure you turn it off and let it cool down, just in case you spill fuel onto hot parts of the generator

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Vehicle inspection Before driving a vehicle you should check to make sure that there is no damage to it. The following is a quick checklist to follow: Check tyres (including spare) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; correct inflation / tread in good condition No leaking fluid Oil level appropriate Wiper fluid level appropriate Headlights operational Signal indicators operational Brake lights operational Beacon and radio working (if fitted) Hazard lights operational First aid kit (properly stocked) in vehicle Wipers and sprayers operational Horn operational Parking brake operational Licence plates on vehicle Engine sounds in good working condition Brakes sound in good working condition

If your vehicle is not safe to operate, contact your supervisor to arrange repairs. Do not operate an unsafe vehicle.

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Fire response All workplaces have the potential for fire.

What should you do? If a fire breaks out in the workplace the first action must be to move people away from the object on fire and contact Emergency Services immediately on 000 or 112 from your mobile or the site emergency service number.

What makes up fire: In order to have fire, you must have the following 4 elements: Fuel Oxygen Heat Constant Chain Reaction

How to extinguish a fire: To extinguish a fire, one or more of the four above elements must be removed. To remove heat, add water to the fire to cool the area down To remove fuel, isolate the source such as gas isolation or back-burn so the fire has nothing else to burn To remove the oxygen, cover the fire with a fire blanket or sand or foam. A Carbon Dioxide extinguisher may be used to displace the oxygen To interrupt the chain reaction of fire, a Dry Chemical Powder extinguisher may be used which places a chemical barrier between the fire and the flammable product

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Extinguishers

Correctly using an extinguisher: Check the guage if it has one and make sure itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in the green Pull the pin and give the handle a test squeeze to make sure its working If sure that you can access the fire without breathing any smoke in, getting burnt or getting trapped, approach the fire in a crouched position and extinguish the fire Never turn your back on the fire, even if you think youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve put it out

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Chemicals / Hazardous Substances Chemicals and Hazardous Substances can be very dangerous if not used or handled correctly. A hazardous substance is any substance that can cause illness, disease or injury.

How do I stay safe using hazardous substances? Read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and comply with the safety instructions including where it needs to be stored, what PPE must be worn when using etc Keep all chemicals in clearly demarcated storage locations and inspect the area to ensure all containers are secure and nothing is leaking Report all spills, no matter how small to your supervisor Ensure that chemicals and their containers are disposed of appropriately (if in doubt, ask your supervisor)

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Vehicle tyre blow-out Before driving It is important to inspect your vehicle before driving (in accordance with your companies pre-start requirements) and in regards to the tyres, specifically check for missing rubber, bald patches, tyre pressure and obvious defects.

While driving Actions such as skidding, speeding, driving over objects on the road, or cornering too hard can all damage tyres.

Hazards of tyre blow-out and changing wheels Panicking when the tyre bursts – sudden jerky movement of the steering whee l and breaking hard may cause the vehicle to crash Stopping the vehicle in a dangerous location – parking your vehicle where othe r traffic cannot clearly see you may result in you being run over Straining muscles lifting wheels and using equipment – lifting a wheel an d straining while undoing bolts may cause injury which may include back muscle strain Being pinned underneath the vehicle – once the vehicle is lifted up onto th e jack, movement of the ground, movement of the vehicle or failure of equipment may cause the vehicle to fall unexpectedly. If this occurs whilst any part of your body is under the vehicle it may cause major injuries or death Incorrectly replacing the wheel – incorrectly installing the wheel may cause itot fall off when you return to the road

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When the tyre bursts, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t panic, hold the steering wheel steady. Slow the vehicle, by breaking gently Move the vehicle to a safe location well off the road if possible, preferably somewhere visible to oncoming traffic. Select ground that is flat and hard Turn off the engine and make sure the vehicle cannot roll, this may include applying the handbrake, putting the vehicle in gear and if you have chocks available, chocking a wheel If you have any warning signals available (such as road cones or reflectors) place them behind the vehicle to warn oncoming traffic at least 50m behind the vehicle. Do not place yourself in a position where you may be struck by traffic while placing this equipment Ask all people to leave the vehicle so that it canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t move around while the wheel is being changed Take all tyre changing equipment out of the vehicle before installing jack, if possible, get help to lift and move heavy equipment such as the spare wheel Use the correct tools to loosen / crack the wheel nuts before lifting the vehicle Place the jack under the designated location (refer vehicle manufacturers instructions if unsure) to lift the damaged tyre off the ground. If the ground is soft or unstable, consider placing a board under the jack Do not place any part of your body under the vehicle footprint once it has been lifted by the jack Remove wheel nuts and take the damaged wheel off the vehicle being very careful to not be cut by the damaged tyre and replace with the spare wheel Ensure that all wheel nuts are replaced and tightened Lower the vehicle slowly ensuring that nothing is under the vehicle Cinch up all the wheel nuts before putting equipment and the damaged tyre away Be careful moving back into traffic. Be aware some spare wheels have a restriction on speed limits which must be observed Have the damaged tyre replaced as soon as possible

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Bloodborne pathogens If you need to help someone who is bleeding, protect your own health by avoiding contact with blood and other bodily fluids. These fluids may contain bloodborne pathogens such as : HIV, which causes AIDS, an immune system failure HBV, which causes Hepatitis B, a liver disease

The viruses that cause these diseases are spread by contact with blood and some other bodily fluids. It is essential that as much as possible, contact with these products be avoided.

Minimising the risk of infection when helping someone who is bleeding Wear glovesto avoid viruses entering your body via cuts in your hands If required, wear goggles with side-shields to avoid viruses entering your body through your eyes If you need to carry out CPR resuscitation on a person, consider using a protective barrier such as a mask or filter to separate your mouth from the other persons mouth, especially if they had facial injuries

Handling needles If you come across any needles in the work environment, treat them as if they are contaminated and if possible, avoid going near them and contact your supervisor. If you must move the needle, ensure you do 64 of 105

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not get stabbed by the needle by picking it up with tongs etc and place in a sharps container or solid container which will not place anyone else at risk.

What to do if youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve been exposed to a bloodborne pathogen If you believe that you have been exposed to a bloodborne pathogen you should immediately contact your supervisor and contact a medical professional for testing.

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Asphalt dangers Asphalt is a petroleum product used for many different purposes such as road paving, waterproofing, roofing tar, roll roofing, floor tiles etc. It can be very dangerous as the hot mix may burn the skin and the fumes can be inhaled when in a molten state and this is known to cause eye, skin and breathing irritation.

PPE to be worn The correct PPE is including but not limited to: Safety glasses Heavy duty gloves Respirators Long pants and sleeves Boots

Treatment for asphalt emergency If anyone has an incident with hot asphalt, take the following actions: Eyes – if hot material is splashed into the eye, flush immediately with fres h water and contact emergency services Skin – if hot material gets onto the skin, rinse in cold water immediately to sto p further damage. If ice is available, pack ice on the asphalt sticking to the skin and contact emergency services immediately Breathing – if toxic asphalt fumes are inhaled, immediately move to fresh ai r and if condition does not improve, contact emergency services immediately. Provide therapy oxygen if available

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Access to safety procedures We have procedures to carry out many activities in the workplace. These procedures can be accessed by contacting your supervisor if you are unsure of their specific location. If you believe a safety procedure supplied could be improved, please discuss with your supervisor. Our goal is continuous improvement and your suggestions will be reviewed by management and may be included in upcoming amendments to procedures.

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Your right and responsibility to work safely Everyone has the right and responsibility to keep themselves safe and also keep the workplace safe for all others in the area. If an unsafe situation is observed you must correct the condition immediately if you can, if you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t you must report it to the area supervisor as soon as safely possible. Prior to using any equipment, inspect everything and make sure that it is in a safe condition prior to using it. If you notice anything damaged, do not leave it for someone else to use and potentially get hurt, ensure that it is clearly tagged out of service to ensure no one else uses it.

To ensure that you maintain your safety responsibilities: Ensure that all PPE provided is in good condition and is worn correctly If you are unsure of a task, stop and ask Do not put yourself at risk when performing work Immediately report unsafe situations to your supervisor If you are capable of doing something about the situation to make it safe, do it All injuries and incidents must be reported to your supervisor to make sure it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t occur again Ensure that you are adequately trained to perform all tasks you are requested to do Stay alert to any changes in working conditions or the environment and if any changes occur, re-evaluate the risks to your work

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Workplace housekeeping Poor housekeeping has the potential to cause: Slip and trip accidents Cuts to hands and fingers Splinters, cuts and eye injuries Crush injuries Fires Serious injury or death Poor quality work and wasted time

A clean and tidy workplace is also a safe and efficient workplace.

What can you do to avoid injuries? Keep all entrances and exits to the work area free of trip hazards and obstructions Organise your workplace / keep work areas uncluttered Only keep frequently used tools in your work area / keep infrequently used tools, equipment and materials in store rooms where you know where they are Use storage racks and shelves to clear floor space Immediately clean up any spills or leaks in the correct manner Keep floors around benches and machinery clear Never stack or store anything in front of high traffic areas Never stack or store anything within one metre of fire fighting equipment Waste containers should be available and correctly labeled Keep floors free of oil, grease, mud, liquids and loose objects

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Workplace conduct All employees should comply with the following: All applicable laws and regulations All internal rules and regulations of the company Respect human rights and do not discriminate among persons on the basis of their race, creed, sex, social status, religion, nationality, age, physical or mental disability, marital status, sexual orientation or political opinion Do not engage in sexual harassment or any other behaviour which may be construed as sexual harassment Do not participate in any activity which creates or appears to create a conflict between his or her personal interest and the business interest Do not use company property, assets or information systems for any purpose other than for carrying out company business and to return all property which belongs to the company upon termination of employment Keep any commercial-in-confidence information about the company and its customers strictly confidential and do not divulge such information to any third party, nor should they use such information for any purpose other than for carrying out company business Should make every effort to establish good relationships with all stakeholders of the company with whom they have dealings while carrying out their duties Comply with all laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment and make every effort to be informed and aware of environmental issues All business undertaken by the company should be conducted in accordance with the laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment and every effort should be made to try to ensure, so far as reasonably possible, that the business does not cause damage to the environment. Employees should always conduct an environmental assessment to ensure that this is so.

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Repetitive motion / task hazards Ergonomic risks are one hazard that can affect all different work tasks and positions.

What can happen to me: Some injuries from poor ergonomics include carpal tunnel syndrome, bursitis, tenosynovitis, tendonitis and others and are usually caused by over-use, impact, vibration, repetition or forceful exertion.

The following controls will assist with reducing this risk: Be aware of long reaches for materials, repetitive motions and twisting movements while carrying an object Arrange your work area for the best placement of tools, supplies and equipment. Ensure frequently used items are within easy reach and safely store infrequently used items Take notice of your posture, ensuring you sit, stand and walk with your back relatively straight, while maintaining the natural curves at the neck and lower back Change position and move around frequently whilst working. If you are sitting, rest one foot and then the other on a stool or footrest bar to keep the blood flowing As much as possible, keep your work environment warm and comfortable. Cold weather can reduce blood flow and increase the chance of strain injury Lift safely bending your knees instead of your back Use mechanical equipment for lifting and moving items whenever possible Give some thought to how you can improve your work area to prevent musculoskeletal injuries and speak to your supervisor about possible changes

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Personal hygiene Personal hygiene can have a direct impact on your well being at work and in your personal life. Cleanliness, diet, exercise and rest in the right equation keeps people alert and healthier so that work can be completed safely and life can be more comfortable at home.

Some of the consequences of not looking after yourself properly include: Bacteria and toxic materials attacking the body due to not cleaning your hands properly prior to eating, drinking or smoking Obesity, high blood pressure and health issues due to eating too much or eating the incorrect mix of food Strains, sprains and injuries due to lack of exercise and your body not being able to function as well as it used to Agitation and inattention due to lack of rest or sleep between work times

To stay healthy and capable of performing your work: Wash your hands thoroughly prior to eating, drinking or smoking (especially if you have been handling hazardous materials) Tend to cuts and sores immediately to prevent infection Eat a healthy diet including a good mix of fruit and vegetables and protein to maintain a healthy weight for your age, height and body type Exercise regularly, at least 30 minutes per day (if you havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t exercised for a long time, it is best to speak to your doctor prior to starting) Stretch regularly to keep yourself limbered up and promote blood flow to all of

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your muscle groups Have breaks regularly throughout the day, away from your usual workstation if you can Try to get 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 9 hours sleep per night in order to refresh and recuperate

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Mobile phones Mobile phones have been a contributing factor in many vehicle accidents and workplace incidents. When speaking on a mobile phone, the attention to the workplace or the environment around you decreases.

To stay safe using a mobile phone observe the following: Never operate a vehicle while using a mobile phone. Pull over to the side of the road prior to using your phone When talking on a mobile phone, use a hands-free device to keep the heat from the mobile phone away from the side of your head Do not walk through traffic while using the mobile phone (accidents have occurred where people have been hit by vehicles due to inattention while on the phone)

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Fatigue What is the problem? Suffering from fatigue often causes poor judgment, slower reactions to events and decreased skills.

Causes of fatigue: Scheduled work time including The time of day The number of consecutive shifts Direction of rotation and shift length Break patterns or total hours worked per week Shift start and finish times

Type of work including Physically hard Mentally demanding Repetitive tasks

Work environment including Extremes in temperature / noise High or low light levels Whole body vibration Humidity, dust, toxic substances

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Travel including Daily commuting Long distance travel at the start or end of the roster

Signs you are suffering from fatigue: Loss of attention / poor decision making Increased impatience and irritability Increased risk taking Short unplanned naps (micro-sleeps) Increased reaction time Lowered ability to think logically Feeling lethargic Inability to anticipate danger

What can you do to avoid fatigue? Try to get eight hours sleep per night Ensure your room is quiet, dark and cool Develop a sleep routine Relax before going to bed Have a warm shower an hour before bedtime Eat complex carbohydrates to promote sleep Reduce fluid intake before sleep Avoid alcohol, nicotine and caffeine before bed Keep sleep times regular Get out of bed if you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t sleep

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Electrical safety Electricity can be a dangerous hazard in the workplace and around your home.

What are the dangers? The dangers can vary but the main dangers are electric shock to personnel or fire / explosion caused by faulty equipment. We want to make sure neither of these occurs by following these precautions:

Follow these precautions: Make sure that the equipment you use is properly grounded & RCD protected. Grounding drains dangerous electrical current leaks away to the earth. If an electrical device is grounded, its cord will have a three-wire plug and require a three-way receptacle to accommodate it. Grounding is especially important when the equipment is used on metal surfaces. (Equipment need not be grounded if it is double insulated; a label usually indicates this) When using extension cords, use heavy-duty ones. Check for proper grounding and exposed wires, as well as the condition of cords, plugs and insulation Elevate cords to prevent tripping hazards and being subject to wet conditions Always remove cords from receptacles by the plug. Pulling by the cord damages them. Be sure that cords are not pinched in doors, drawers, equipment or anything else, as this also damages the cords Avoid placing cords where they are subject to being damaged by vehicles and mobile equipment Always inspect all electrical equipment before using it. The following items should be looked for: Broken or bent plugs Frayed cords

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Bare wires Smoke Sparks from switches or controls Liquids spilled in or on equipment Erratic operation

NOTE: If you notice any of these defects, or if you feel a tingle when you touch controls, do not use the equipment; tag it and send it for repair. In addition to being a shock hazard, defective equipment can cause fires. Equipment should be inspected regularly by electricians. Do not try to repair electrical equipment you are not familiar with, either at work or at home Never operate electrical appliances with wet hands. Wetness, especially perspiration, decreases skin resistance and can mean the difference between a slight shock and a fatal shock

If someone receives an electric shock: Do not touch them, try to isolate the source of the power or move it away using something that will not conduct electricity (ie. broom stick). Contact emergency services, all personnel who receive a shock need to be reviewed by a medical professional

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Eye protection Studies of eye injuries in the workplace reveal that over 90% of all injuries could have been prevented by following established safety guidelines and wearing appropriate protective eyewear.

To protect your eyes take the following precautions: Be alert to eye hazards present in your worksite Wear the appropriate eyewear (i.e. glasses, goggles, face shields etc) Remember that regular sunglasses, reading glasses or contact lenses will not protect you from eye hazards. If you need to wear corrective lenses, wear protective eyewear over the top of them Check to see your protective eyewear is in accordance with the appropriate workplace standards Make sure your eyewear fits properly and is clean and in good condition before and after each use Replace faulty eyewear immediately Learn basic first-aid for eye injuries Know where all eyewash stations and emergency equipment are located in your workplace If you receive an eye injury, get medical attention immediately

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Driving a vehicle Driving a vehicle can be one of the most hazardous tasks you carry out during your workday and is quite often taken for granted.

Follow the below checklist to assist in staying safe when driving: Is your vehicle registered? Have you got the correct license for operating this vehicle? Is your vehicle correctly insured for the desired purpose? Is your vehicle roadworthy and fit for purpose? Do you need any additional equipment for your trip such as a fire extinguisher or a first aid kit? Is there anything in your vehicle that could become a missile if you carry out an emergency stop or had an accident? Are you wearing your seat-belt at all times? Do you know the speed limit and are you complying with it? Are you driving to conditions? Do you have a hands-free kit if you must talk on a mobile phone whilst driving? Have you planned your trip? Will you take regular breaks to combat driver fatigue? Are you prepared to respond to changing conditions? Will you drive safely and arrive safely?

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Crib Safety What are the dangers? It may seem obvious to some but many people become sick because they do not look after the food they eat. Food-related illnesses can be caused by bacteria, viruses, molds or parasites and may result in Hepatitis A, Salmonella, Botulism, Listeria and many other illnesses.

What should you do to stay healthy? Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold. Food-borne pathogens grow best between 4 degrees and 60 degrees Celsius. Hot days can warm cold foo d quickly to a prime temperature for these pathogens to grow and cause illness if consumed Wash your hands prior to eating and make sure that food preparation surfaces, containers and utensils are clean Keep your food cold by using an insulated container and a freezer pack or a frozen drink with your food When re-heating food, ensure it is cooked thoroughly to reduce the risk of illness from pathogens Observe the use-by date on food items and dispose of out of date items

No one enjoys discomfort, pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, dehydration etc so take note of how you look after your food.

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Hazard identification Many accidents and injuries occur to people in workplaces due to not identifying hazards. Before commencing any task, please take time to stop and look around your workplace for hazards. Look above your work area, below your work area, outside your work area, consider all potential hazards and if you notice a hazard, make it safe prior to starting work.

Tools for hazard identification: Use a written risk assessment document for any medium or high-risk activities. Our risk assessment document is designed to identify all hazards involved in a task and establish appropriate controls for each hazard. Establish controls in accordance with the Hierarchy of Control: Eliminate the hazard Substitute the task for a less hazardous option Isolate personnel from the hazard Engineer the workplace to reduce or remove the hazard Administration controls Personal Protective Equipment

PPE will only be used as a control when no other higher control is practical.

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Evacuation All personnel are to be advised of the correct procedure for evacuation.

Why evacuate? Evacuation may be required for a number of different options including but not limited to: Medical emergency Fire or explosion Bomb threat A hold-up or armed robbery The release of a hazardous chemical

What should you do? When you first arrive at a workplace: Ensure you know where the correct muster locations are Consider a route to these muster points if an emergency was to occur Know how you will be advised of an emergency (ie. sound of the alarms or bells) Speak to your supervisor on who you should report to once at the muster location Ensure you stay at the muster location until the all clear is declared

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Driver fatigue Driving is one of the most dangerous tasks many employees participate in each day of their working lives. Driver fatigue has a very high potential of causing serious injuries or death.

What can you do to stay safe? Always try to have a good sleep before you drive, most people require 8 hours sleep If you have a choice, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t drive when you are normally sleeping If you start to get sleepy (you notice yourself yawning or your eyes feeling heavy) pull off the road in a safe place and take a nap (consider the area and your security, lock doors to be on the safe side) Plan your drive prior to departure, book overnight accommodation to ensure a quality sleep is obtained during rest time Eat lightly, large meals can make you sleepy Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t consume drugs or alcohol. Be aware that even some over the counter medications can make you drowsy Keep the vehicle interior fairly cool with plenty of fresh air Shift position frequently instead of remaining static for long periods of time Take breaks at least every 2 hours where you exit the vehicle and have a walk or perform some light exercise If you have a co-driver, switch driver every couple of hours and rest in that period of time Keep your eyes moving from the road to traffic far ahead, check mirrors often and scan the side of the road. Ensure you take note of all traffic signs in order to stay alert Check your instrument panel often, ensuring you are not speeding and the vehicle is still safe to operate (all warning lights are to be treated seriously)

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Sleep is the only cure for being tired. Caffeine and other stimulants may assist with keeping you alert for awhile but eventually the body will need to stop. Plan for this and stay safe when you are behind the wheel.

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Dealing with anger in the workplace Anger can be harmful to your safety, your health and your job. Pushing feelings down can lead to headaches, digestive problems and depression. Letting these feelings out can be difficult and some people suffer problems such as harming themselves (i.e. punching a wall), domestic abuse, road rage, violence, divorce and addiction due to their anger. Personal and professional relationships have been ruined and people have lost their jobs due to physical or verbal aggression.

What can you do? Be aware of your anger by looking for the signs such as clenched teeth, tense muscles, curt response, raised voice and even noticing you are constantly complaining Attempt to identify what is causing the anger and try to remove the cause, if this is not possible, or if it cannot be identified, try writing down what is making you angry Get some exercise, go for a walk or run, carry out an activity which requires physical exertion as an outlet for the built up anger and to give yourself time to cool-off Consider your actions when you feel that you are angry. It may not be a good time to have a heart-to-heart with your boss or loved one until you have cooled off. It is not a good time to be driving a vehicle Find a supportive person to talk to, consider contacting a professional to talk about your anger Consider different relaxation techniques such as concentrating on your breathing, carrying out progressive relaxation of muscles etc. There are many different methods to help separate ourselves from our anger If you require support or assistance, please speak to your supervisor

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First aid All our employees are encouraged to be trained in basic first aid skills. When people are trained in first aid, they are safer workers and less likely to be involved in an incident. If you witness an accident and are required to provide first aid assistance remember DRABCD: D – Danger (to yourself, to others and to the casualty) R – Response (is the casualty conscious, squeeze shoulders and shout thei r name) A – Airway (has the casualty got a clear and open airway) B – Breathing (look, listen and feel for breathing) C – Circulation (is the casualties heart beating, do they have a pulse) D – Defibrillation (Automatic External Defibrillators AED are an excellent too l and early defibrillation has shown to greatly increase the chances of survival following a heart attack)

Bleeding: If someone is bleeding, ask the patient to apply direct pressure to the wound to stem the bleed and raise above heart level if possible whilst you put gloves on and then apply a dressing from a 1st aid kit. It is important that you stay within your training parameters; do not attempt to carry out a treatment that is outside of your capabilities. At the same time, do not stand by and watch someone die.

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Fitness for work We have a responsibility to ensure a safe workplace for all and are required to monitor personnelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fitness for work.

What is fit for work? Being fit for work means that you are in a physical, mental and emotional state which enables you to perform your assigned tasks competently and in a manner that does not compromise the safety or health of yourself or others. Everyone is encouraged to notify your supervisor if any impairment exists to your fitness for work. You are also encouraged to raise your concerns about another personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fitness for work with that person if you have any doubts. Where it is believe that an individual may not be fit for work, intervention is required to ensure that the risk to health or safety is limited.

What can cause problems? Fitness for Work may be influenced by alcohol and other drugs, prescription and non-prescription medications, fatigue,injury management, psychological wellbeing and general health. If you have any concerns in regards to Fitness for Work, please speak to your supervisor.

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Hand safety One of the most commonly injured parts of the body in industry are hands.

Sources of hand injures: Slamming them in doors or caught in door mechanisms Hand tools such as hammers etc Chemical or hazardous material exposure Caustics, solvents or oils Injection from pressure tools such as pneumatic or hydraulic equipment Removing of machinery guards or safety devices prior to correctly isolating the machine Rotating shafts Hot surfaces Press machines and milling machines Conveyor systems and rollers Roll forming and roll bending machines Food slicers and grinders and saws Drill presses, shears, grinders, slitters Moving equipment such as forklifts, rubbish trucks etc

Injuries that may occur: Cuts / amputations Strains and sprains Soft tissue injuries Nerve damage

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Dislocations Burns (from heat or from chemical exposure)

How to protect your hands: Recognize and report hand hazard areas in the workplace so they can be fixed Follow safe work practices and don’t take short cuts such as using your hands instead of the correct tool Don’t remove machine guarding or protective barriers unless correct isolation procedures have been followed Don’t expose your hands to contact with chemicals or hazardous materials Applying barrier cream where appropriate Wash your hands regularly Wear the correct type of gloves for the work you are doing

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Manual handling Injuries may occur while people carryout manual handling activities such as lifting, pushing, pulling etc. Soft tissue injuries can have a major impact on your life.

To avoid injury, observe the following controls: If possible avoid manual handling Where it cannot be avoided, conduct a risk assessment to identify the hazards of the task and implement the correct controls Check the horizontal distance of your hands from your lower back Check vertical distance from the start of the lift to the finish of the lift Take a good grip Check for symmetry of the load to avoid uneven stress on muscles Check the floor surface so you don’t slip, fall or trip on anything Do not twist whilst carrying a load, use your legs and feet to turn rather than your back Avoid bending sideways Check environmental factors such as lighting, temperature and air movement etc Rotate between tasks to avoid repetition and take regular rest breaks

If someone does strain a muscle, use HI-RICE: Hydration – drink plenty of water; this helps the healing process Ibuprofen Anti-inflammatory – to reduce pain and swelling (if in doubt seea doctor) Rest – don’t make the injury worse by ‘pushing through’ and aggravating it Ice – cooling the affected area will assist a faster recovery. Ice should e b applied asap. Ensure ice does not make direct contact with skin; wrap it in a 91 of 105

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tea towel or cloth and do not leave on for longer than 20 minutes at a time Compression â&#x20AC;&#x201C; apply a bandage to help reduce the swelling Elevation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; raise the affected area; this will help reduce the swelling via gravit y assisted drainage

Early intervention is the key to treating soft tissue injuries. All injuries are to be reported to your direct supervisor as soon as possible. If any doubt to treat any injury, report to a medical facility for professional advice.

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Machinery guarding Some machines have the capability of seriously injuring or even killing you if you were to put parts of your body into a position where it could be crushed, cut or dragged into the machine. Many machines have rotating, reciprocating or transverse actions that have high potential of major injuries. All machinery with these types of hazards need to have guards installed on them to protect people that work around them. Guards protect people from putting hands or other body parts into moving parts, they should never be tampered with and should not be removed unless you are fully trained and the machine has been correctly isolated prior to the removal.

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Looking after electrical extension cords There are two different kinds of extension cords commonly found around the home and in different industries, two-wire and three-wire types. Two-wire types are to be used for small internal appliances only and never outdoors where three-wire types are to be used for outdoor appliances and power tools etc.

Safety tips for using extension cords: Do not disconnect an extension cord by pulling on the cord, remove it by the plug otherwise the end frays and loosens Choose the correct cord for the job considering size, strength, flexibility and the capability to withstand chemicals in the area Protect from damage and regularly check for cuts, broken or cracked insulation If any damage is found to an extension lead immediately take it out of service and ensure no-one uses it and report it to your supervisor for replacement Avoid placing cords in a position where they may trip someone i.e. through doorways etc

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Ladders Use the hierarchy of control when selecting controls for working at height and only use a ladder when no better control such as scaffold or a mobile elevated work platform is practical.

Staying safe using a ladder: Inspect ladder prior to use Never work alone Ensure correct ladder is selected (i.e. fiberglass for electricians) Set up ladder on stable ground Make sure that people or vehicles will not impact on your work area (lock doors etc if required) Secure the ladder or have your colleague foot the ladder for you Install a ladder at a ratio of 4:1 (4 metres up: 1 metre out) Always face the ladder Maintain 3 points of contact at all times whilst on a ladder (hands and feet) Keep your centre of gravity between the styles (sides) of the ladder Never climb higher than 3 rungs from the top (remember the belt buckle rule, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow your belt buckle to be higher than the top rung)

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Knife safety A knife is a very useful tool but when used incorrectly, can be very hazardous.

Staying safe using knives: Ensure the handle of the knife has a guard to stop your hand slipping down onto the blade and keep the handle clean and dry of any greasy material When cutting, always cut away from your body and make sure the material being cut is secured and steady Consider using mesh gloves to protect your hands while carrying out some cutting activities Store knives correctly and make sure that sharp edges are protected Keep knives sharp so that they work correctly without needing excess force Use a knife for what it was meant to be used for, not as a screwdriver etc If a cut occurs from a knife, obtain treatment immediately to ensure an infection does not occur. If in any doubt that the wound has been cleaned properly, seek medical advice

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Isolations Before performing work on equipment, energy sources that may harm you must be isolated.

Energy sources may include: Mechanical moving equipment Electricity Air / pneumatic / hydraulic pressure Stored energy Product via a feed source

Tips for isolating correctly: Prior to working on equipment with energy sources, it is essential that you isolate yourself from this danger. You may need to use tags and locks to perform personal isolations on some equipment Isolations are to be in accordance with the equipment isolation procedure where applicable Look out for hidden dangers, just because something has been isolated does not mean that there is no stored energy. Ensure you bleed pressure away from all equipment prior to accessing it (stored energy could be from pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical or mechanical means) Make sure that you are trained correctly prior to performing isolations on equipment If you are unsure, stop and speak to your supervisor

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Insect bites and stings What are the dangers? Insects have been known to kill people There is also a risk of infectious diseases being transferred via insect bites and stings from one person to the other or even from an animal to a person.

To assist in staying safe from bites and stings Wear insect repellent to keep the bugs away Re-apply after washing or sweating Many insects are attracted to sweet smells such as flowers so consider not using fragrant aftershaves, colognes or perfumes Many insects are attracted to bright colours such as flowers so tone down the clothing being worn If you come across a nest, move away from the area and advise your supervisor or environmental representative Try to not have areas where water sits still around the workplace such as empty pot-plants, which could be a breeding ground for some insects Dispose of rubbish correctly and make sure lids are placed on bins to reduce the attraction for insects into that area If bitten or stung, seek medical aid immediately. It is best that you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t drive yourself but have someone transport you to a medical facility in case you become light headed while driving

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Hot work What is hot work? Hot work is classified as any task that generates sparks or an ignition source for combustible or flammable material. Some of these tasks may include Grinding Oxy / acetylene cutting, Welding, Soldering and Brazing.

The hazards to identify prior to hot work? Doing hot work in areas where gas may accumulate such as in confined spaces, depressions in the ground or drains could result in an explosion Fires from heat transferring to flammable items such as: Rubber lining Electrical cables Insulation Fuel / gas storage facilities Flammable combustibles such as long grass or stored cardboard

To work safely around hot work: Prior to carrying out any hot work, conduct a risk assessment to ensure all hazards are identified and controls established to make sure a fire or explosion will not occur.

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Heat stress In some working environments you may be exposed to the risk of heat stress or dehydration. A good indicator of how hydrated you are is the colour of your urine.

Signs you may be suffering from heat stress include feeling thirsty, excessive sweating, headaches, lethargy, disorientation, nausea, irritability or other behavioural changes.

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What should you do if you feel heat stressed or dehydrated: Stop what your are doing and move to a cooler area Take sips of room temperature water (cold water is sometimes hard for the body to process and takes energy) Loosen and remove excess clothing Fan skin and apply tepid water to wrists, groin and armpits (use a spray bottle if available) Seek medical aid if no improvement

To avoid heat stress: Plan your tasks in regards to timing and carry out more strenuous work in the morning or evening and not in the middle of the day Drink plenty of water before, during and after work (up to 1 litre per hour, when working in hot environments) Take short regular breaks in a shaded or air conditioned area Wear a hat with a brim to protect from UV, also wear long sleeves and put sunscreen on all exposed skin Reduce caffeine and alcohol consumption (these are diuretics and can be detrimental if working in hot environments)

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Hearing protection Noise is a hazard that can damage you immediately or it can happen over a long period of time. Excess noise is generally considered to be exposure to 85 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 90 dBA

To protect your hearing: Avoid noisy areas where possible in order to protect your hearing Wear the appropriate hearing protection, such as: Disposable expandable foam plugs Canal caps (similar to foam plugs but have a string attached to the plugs) Pre-molded reusable plugs Ear muffs Do not replace loud noise with more noise such as MP3 music players The more noise we are exposed to, the more likely it is that our hearing will become impaired and we will not be able to hear what we would like to.

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Hazards in your workplace environment Some workplaces have the potential for many different hazards. The following may assist in identifying potential hazards in your workplace:

Chemicals Chemicals may be in your workplace and can be in solid, liquid or gas forms. They can affect you immediately you come across them or they can take a long time to cause damage. Many chemicals in gas form are impossible to see, taste or smell so you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t rely on your senses to know if they are there. To ensure that you are not exposed to chemicals, avoid the areas they are stored in, if a spill occurs, evacuate the area and contact emergency services Some chemical reactions are known to cause fire or explosions. It is important that before using or storing chemicals, all ignition sources have been removed, the area is well ventilated and the correct method of use has been selected

Radiation Some materials present a radiological hazard such as medical equipment, radioactive waste and x-ray equipment. If working with this type of equipment or chemicals, detection equipment may be required and exposure standards are to be observed

Biological Many biological hazards exist in the workplace including viruses, bacteria and parasites. The sources of these hazards may be plants or animals such as dogs, snakes and insects. At other times, exposure to human waste products may also expose you to this type of hazard

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Physical The workplace itself can present many different forms of physical hazards including areas that you can fall into, slip on or trip over. Areas which have high or low temperatures, humid atmospheres or poor lighting. Other areas may be very noisy which may affect your hearing or make communication difficult. Some objects may be sharp which could cut you or other items may have the potential to crush you. At times, even your PPE can be hazardous as visors can become fogged up, protective clothing can make you excessively hot, harnesses and lanyards could become caught in moving machinery etc

It is important that you remain aware of all types of hazards in your workplace and take the appropriate precautions to ensure they do not impact on your health and safety.

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Dedication to Safety I, (print name) ____________________________________________ have been issued with a personal copy of this safety guidebook. I will not put myself at risk while performing my work duties. I agree that if I cannot comply with any safety requirements while carrying out my task, I will stop and speak to my supervisor to work out a safe way to continue with my work. If I observe an unsafe situation, I will do whatever I can to ensure that it is rectified immediately. If I cannot rectify the situation immediately, I will ensure that no one is injured by the unsafe situation and report it to my supervisor as soon as possible. I am aware that my employer will never ask me to perform an unsafe task or put myself at risk as part of my job and if I perceive that I am being put under pressure to put myself at risk, I must stop and speak to my supervisor. Signature: ______________________ Date: As your supervisor, I can confirm that you have been issued your safety guidebook and you have been advised that we will not accept personnel carrying out unsafe tasks and exposing themselves to hazards. Please contact me if you have any concerns for your safety whilst performing your duties. Full Name: ______________________________________________ Signature: ______________________ Date: Phone Number: __________________________________________

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