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How to keep evergreens green in winter
Did you notice browned areas on your evergreens at the end of last winter? You may still be able to do something to prevent a repeat performance of this condition, winter burn, which happens when evergreen leaves lose too much water in winter. No need to worry about deciduous trees and shrubs in winter because, without leaves, they lose little moisture.
STOP LEAVES FROM LOSING WATER Antitranspirants, also called antidesiccants, are materials that slow water loss from plant leaves. (“Wilt-Pruf” is a common brand, but there are others.) Sprayed on leaves, these materials help plants when their roots can't take up enough water to replace that lost from leaves. Evergreens sometimes find themselves in this LEE REICH thirsty predicament in winter, especially when bright sun, wind and temperatures above freezing suck water out of the leaves, yet the soil remains so deeply frozen that roots can't absorb sufficient moisture. To protect a plant in winter with an antitranspirant, spray the leaves in late fall and then again toward the end of winter. Spray only when temperatures are above freezing, and wash out the sprayer with warm, soapy water immediately after application. Antitranspirants can also help preserve the foliage on evergreen branches cut for vases and on Christmas trees. Because they actually coat leaves, antitranspirants have also reduced the incidence of certain diseases, such as downy mildew on zinnia, and black spot and powdery mildew on roses.
BUT LEAVES HAVE TO BREATHE I'm not recommending dousing your winter landscape in antitranspirant sprays. Some cautions are in order. Those same pores through which leaves lose water also draw in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Plants get their energy from the sun with photosynthesis, so they could be weakened by these sprays. Unfortunately, antitranspirants are generally more hazardous to evergreens, which need them more, than to deciduous plants. Never apply antitranspirants to blue spruces or other plants with bluish, waxy coatings on their leaves. That waxy coating is the plant's own, natural antitranspirant. Spraying an antitranspirant washes away the wax and the blueness. Minimize toxic effects from antitranspirants by reading the label carefully, noting cautions with respect to certain plants, and following directions as to dilution and timing.
OTHER GREENING MEASURES A few other measures besides or in addition to spraying an antitranspirant can help your evergreens avoid winter burn. If the soil is very dry in autumn, water. Stationing yourself in front of your evergreen spraying the ground with a hose-end sprayer won't do it; the plants will need about 2 gallons for every square foot of estimated spread of their roots. Mulching the ground in autumn also helps by conserving moisture in the soil and maintaining a warmer soil temperature to a greater depth. Roots are more active in warmer soil, and less frozen water means more water available to roots. When planting an evergreen, site it to lessen chances of winter burn. Drying winter sunlight will beat down on evergreen leaves backed by a south-facing wall or reflected off concrete or other paving. But also keep that antitranspirant handy in your quiver of techniques to avoid winter burn of evergreens. http://www.leereich.com/blog http://leereich.com
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This undated photo shows winter burn of arborvitae leaves in New Paltz, N.Y. A few measures can be taken to lessen the chance of the leaves of your evergreen browning in winter. (AP photo)
THURSDAY JANUARY 18, 2018
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Start the presses
This November photo shows the hand of Osage Burdeau reaching in a crate full of olives ready to be taken to the mill for pressing. The olive harvest is an essential part of life in places like Castelbuono, a town in the Madonie mountains with a long history of olive growing. (AP photo)
Newcomers to Italy make olive oil By CAIN BURDEAU Associated Press CASTELBUONO, Sicily — Our first grueling, knee-killing, bumbling and comically great olive season finally feels like it is over. We are rich in a new way: More than 70 liters of dark green, corpulent and peppery olive oil has been produced, and is ready to pour onto salads, bread, pasta, fish. During the summer, my wife and I were gloomy. There was the prospect of not having any oil for a second disappointing year. We moved to the Madonie mountains in north-central Sicily in no small part to enjoy making oil from some 40 trees on the country property we purchased. But disastrous drought and extreme heat hit Sicily and Italy hard. Between April and the start of October, only 7 inches of rain fell into our rain gauge. “Due to the drought, there could have been the problem that the olives wouldn't have produced any fruit,” said Francesco Raimondo, an oil maker who runs a mill in Castelbuono that his grandfather started in 1955. He spoke on a late December morning, the smell of crushed olives still hanging in the air inside the mill, though the picking season was all but over. In November, the olive presses had been clanking and whirring, and crates and bags heavy with olives were hauled in by farm trucks, atop tiny Fiat cars and in the backs of cars. Still, production, Raimondo said, was off by half. “This was supposed to be a good year, full. But the plants went into stress due to the drought,” he said. When we arrived in September 2016, we'd looked forward to picking olives. But that first harvest was destroyed by the olive fruit fly. Now the enemy was heat, drought and scirocco winds. Wells ran dry and gardens were limp lifeless
At right, writer Cain Burdeau picks olives by hand during his first olive harvest in Contrada Petraro in north-central Sicily. Below, Francesco Raimondo uses a electronic thermometer to measure the temperature of olive oil being produced at his mill, Oleificio R & B, in Castelbuono, Sicily. Despite a bad drought in Italy, farmers and olive growers enjoyed a modest olive harvest in Sicily and elsewhere. The olive harvest is an essential part of life in places like Castelbuono, a town in the Madonie mountains with a long history of olive growing. (AP photo)
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Creative design for the disabled — and everybody else too By KATHERINE ROTH Associated Press NEW YORK — From snazzy canes to tremor-proof spoons to a racing wheelchair, a new exhibit at the Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum highlights a surge in designs for and by those with a wide range of disabilities. “The show really celebrates this proliferation of designing today for people with physical, cognitive and sensory disabilities. More than that, it’s about attitudes toward designing for a wider group of users so you don’t have to have so many separate objects. It’s a new spirit of inclusiveness in design,” says Cara McCarty, director of Curatorial at Cooper Hewitt. McCarty co-curated the “Access and Ability” exhibit, on view through Sept. 3, with
This December photo provided by the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, shows an Installation view of “Access+Ability.” The Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum in New York is exhibiting cutting-edge items designed to improve the lives of those with all kinds of disabilities — and everybody else too. The designs, ranging from snazzy canes to a racing wheelchair, are both fashionable and functional. (AP photo) Rochelle Steiner, curator and professor of critical studies at the Roski School of Art and
Design at the University of Southern California. “The emphasis is on what
people can do, not on what they can’t,” McCarty says. There’s a shower safety bar that also serves as an eyecatching shower caddy; pill containers with a light-up reminder feature; and Velcro wallpaper where the memory-challenged can park their phones and remotes. The show focuses on designs of the last decade that are both fashionable and functional. “It’s important to realize that most people have some kind of disability at some point in their life, whether it’s hearing or eyesight or memory, and the majority of disabilities are invisible to others, so it’s much more common than you might think,” McCarty says. The goal of the more than 70 designs featured is to exSee Access p. 2D
2D The Mining Journal
Thursday, January 18, 2018
House to Home Mortgage Index 30-YEAR Rate-Fee/Pts.
15-YEAR Rate-Fee/Pt.
High rate
4.250
1
3.750
1
Low rate
3.875
1
3.250
1
Average rate
4.062
1
3.500
1
This graphic represents a Tuesday survey of regional lending institutions. Figures are based on rates at Range Bank, First Bank of Upper Michigan, the Marquette Community Federal Credit Union and mBank.
In this photo taken Dec. 5, Scanalytics co-founder and CEO Joe Scanlin holds a smart floor sensor his company creates that track people's movements in Milwaukee. The sensors are among the tools retailers are using to gain insights on consumer habits. (AP photo)
Intel underfoot: Floor sensors rise as retail data source
By IVAN MORENO Associated Press MILWAUKEE — The next phase in data collection is right under your feet. Online clicks give retailers valuable insight into consumer behavior, but what can they learn from footsteps? It’s a question Milwaukee-based startup Scanalytics is helping businesses explore with floor sensors that track people’s movements. The sensors can also be used in office buildings to reduce energy costs and in nursing homes to determine when someone falls. But retailers make up the majority of Scanalytics’ customers, highlighting one of several efforts brick-and-mortar stores are undertaking to better understand consumer habits and catch up with e-commerce giant Amazon. Physical stores have been at a disadvantage because they “don’t have that granular level of understanding as to where users are entering, what they’re doing, what shelves are not doing well, which aisles are not being visited,” said Brian Sathianathan, cofounder of Iterate Studio, a small Denverbased company that helps businesses find and test technologies from startups worldwide. But it’s become easier for stores to track customers in recent years. With Wi-Fi — among the earliest available options — businesses can follow people when they connect to a store’s internet. One drawback is that not everyone logs on so the sample size is smaller. Another is that it’s not possible to tell whether someone is inches or feet away from a product. Sunglass Hut and fragrance maker Jo Malone use laser and motion sensors to tell when a product is picked up but not bought, and make recommendations for similar items on an interactive display. Companies such as Toronto-based Vendlytics and San Francisco-based Prism use artificial intelligence with video cameras to analyze body motions. That can allow stores to deliver
customized coupons to shoppers in real time on a digital shelf or on their cellphones, said Jon Nordmark, CEO of Iterate Studio. With Scanalytics, Nordmark said, “to have (the sensors) be super useful for someone like a retailer, they may need to power other types of things,” like sending coupons to customers. Scanalytics co-founder and CEO Joe Scanlin said that’s what his floor sensors are designed to do. For instance, the sensors read a customer’s unique foot compressions to track that person’s path to a digital display and how long the person stand in front of it before walking away, he said. Based on data collected over time, the floor sensors can tell a retailer the best time to offer a coupon or change the display before the customer loses interest. “Something that in the moment will increase their propensity to purchase a product,” said Scanlin, 29, who started developing the paper-thin sensors that are 2-square feet as a student at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater in 2012. He employs about 20 people. Wisconsin-based bicycle retailer Wheel and Sprocket uses Scanalytics’ sensors — which can be tucked under utility mats — to count the number of customers entering each of its eight stores to help schedule staff. “That’s our biggest variable expense,” said co-owner Noel Kegel. “That sort of makes or breaks our profitability.” Kegel wants to eventually have sensors in more areas throughout his stores to measure where customers spend most of their time and what products are popular, but he said it’s too expensive right now. The cost of having the sensors ranges from $20 to $1,000 per month, depending on square footage and add-on applications to analyze data or interact with digital signs, Scanlin said. He said he’s working with 150 customers in the U.S. and other countries and estimates that about 60 percent are retailers.
Olive s
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places. At the plumber's shop, pumps were bought and old ones fixed. Fountains were shut off. Even household water was rationed. Bees buzzed in throngs — and died in throngs — at the few pools of water. Finally, in October, as though out of nowhere, plump, black olive fruit appeared. And then more and more. It's customary in Italy to wait until after the Day of the Dead to start harvesting olives. So we waited. We live on a hillside in a farming valley with a good variety of olive trees. Some are huge and centuries-old, while others are smaller and younger. We also have almond trees, ashes, a large prickly pear patch, a few pear trees and two empty fields once covered in grape vines. On Nov. 7, we took our nets, rakes, crates and saws down to the first tree. We had made a crude map, and given trees names taken from the Greek and Georgian alphabets. We started with Mu — a nice, full-bodied younger tree with a healthy number of olives. Its good exposure to sun and breezes helped it thrive. Off to work we went. We first picked up fallen olives, which can be used as salted table olives. Then, we at-
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pand people’s ability to lead independent and dignified lives, engaging more fully with the world. McCarty points out that many designs meant to help those with disabilities, such as OXO Good Grips products, which were originally designed to help people with arthritis, can turn out to make common household tasks easier for everyone. Like OXO products, a number of these designs are easily available and affordable. A children’s winter jacket featured in the show, with zip-off sleeves and Velcro sides, is available at Target stores. Other items on display, such as compression socks in an array of attractive patterns, are for sale in the museum shop. The exhibit is organized into three sections: Moving, Connecting and Living. The Moving section includes the racing wheelchair designed by Designworks and made by BMW, and a colorful array of canes. A prototype of a “Walking Stick System” designed by Michael Graves Architecture and Design is lightweight, eye-catching and can stand up on its own. The “Chatfield Walking Cane,” designed by
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tacked the “olive jungle,” as I called our unruly trees left for years without a good pruning. In the Madonie mountains, olives are picked mostly by hand, due largely to the landscape of steep hills and mountain slopes. Many families make oil just for domestic needs. We did the same. Our initiation was anything but easy. To pick olives, you first lay down large, nylon nets. Then, using rakes, clappers, poles or your hands, you strip olive branches of their fruit. After a tree is done, you pick up the net and collect the olives in it. Simple enough, right? Not so fast. Nets got stuck on our uncut grass and wild plants. We slipped, and occasionally fell. We twisted and turned and tried every possible position to get our heavy-duty construction ladder into trees. We struggled to get olives that were entangled in “secco,” a thick dry web of branches in each of our uncultivated trees. And on it went for an entire month. The days grew colder. Work was interrupted by rain. Sore, we got up in the morning and trudged off in rubber boots to attack another tree. We stood high in the trees, got poked in the eyes by the secco, talked for hours and worked in silence for even longer; we admired dawns and dusks, worked with friends, and watched with
satisfaction as the first olive oil was made at the mill; we climbed onto massive tree limbs and worried about falling; we killed our backs with long rakes and wondered why in the world we were going to so much effort for a few olives dangling high up there out of reach. And we ate voraciously, to satisfy our work appetite. We picked our trees, and those of friendly neighbors who live away in Palermo; and we ended our season picking other friends' olives under the shadows of Pizzo Carbonara, the massive alpine mountain that overlooks Castelbuono. Back at the oil mill, in late December, an oil producer named Enzo Biundo chatted with the mill owner, Raimondo. “This is called courageous agriculture,” Biundo said about harvesting olives in the Madonie. He shrugged. For him, the year had been “scarso,” disappointing. He got few olives from some 1,000 trees he planted six years ago. As for us, we were happy with our harvest. “I now have two favorite seasons: picking wild asparagus under our olive trees in the spring and picking olives in the fall,” my wife said with a smile. The season isn't quite over. A few olives still hang on the trees, and they can be turned into table olives. And a few trees still haven't been mapped and named.
Matthew Kroeker, is made of cast aluminum and walnut, with bright silicone handles made to be grippy and not slide as easily when leaned against a wall. One walking stick includes a built-in flashlight. The Connecting gallery features a voting booth designed for use in Los Angeles County starting in 2020. Designed by IDEO, a firm in Palo Alto, California, the yellow booth is wheelchair-height, and features headphones in addition to a large touch-screen with instructions in many languages. In the final gallery, devoted to everyday life, a colorful square prototype of a “Shower Trellis Grab Bar with Shelf, Sprayer Holder and Hook,” designed by Michael Graves Architecture and Design, is multifunctional and meant to replace standard bathroom safety rails that can make home bathrooms resemble those in hospitals.
The AdhereTech Smart Pill Bottle lights up — and will signal a caregiver’s phone — when it’s time to take a medication, and the Liftware Level spoon is designed to stay steady even if the hand of the person holding it isn’t. A gallery adjacent to the exhibition is devoted to new designs as well as crowdsourced suggestions for design ideas of the future. The works stem from a partnership between the museum and Pratt Institute, in collaboration with CaringKind, a nonprofit dedicated to Alzheimer’s caregiving. Here, velvety-looking floral wallpaper made of Velcro provides a home for easy-tomisplace items like remote controls. A standard walker has been outfitted with a sort of window box for small herb plants, and numerous family photos hung on the inside of a front door are meant to distract Alzheimer’s sufferers from leaving the house.
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