Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities by NEED Project

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

A companion guide to the Intermediate Energy Infobook that includes activities to reinforce general energy information, energy sources, electricity, and conservation.

Grade Level:

Pri Ele

Int

Intermediate

Sec Subject Areas: Science Language Arts

Social Studies

-20

NEED Mission Statement The mission of The NEED Project is to promote an energy conscious and educated society by creating effective networks of students, educators, business, government and community leaders to design and deliver objective, multisided energy education programs.

Teacher Advisory Board

Permission to Copy

Constance Beatty Kankakee, IL

Barbara Lazar Albuquerque, NM

James M. Brown Saratoga Springs, NY

Robert Lazar Albuquerque, NM

NEED curriculum is available for reproduction by classroom teachers only. NEED curriculum may only be reproduced for use outside the classroom setting when express written permission is obtained in advance from The NEED Project. Permission for use can be obtained by contacting info@need.org.

Mark Case Randleman, NC

Leslie Lively Porters Falls, WV

Teacher Advisory Board

Amy Constant Schott Raleigh, NC

Melissa McDonald Gaithersburg, MD

Nina Corley Galveston, TX

Nicole McGill Washington, DC

Samantha Danielli Vienna, VA

Hallie Mills St. Peters, MO

Shannon Donovan Greene, RI

Jennifer Mitchell Winterbottom Pottstown, PA

Nijma Esad Washington, DC

Mollie Mukhamedov

Linda Fonner New Martinsville, WV Teresa Fulk Browns Summit, NC Michelle Garlick Long Grove, IL Erin Gockel Farmington, NM Robert Griegoliet Naperville, IL Bob Hodash DaNel Hogan Tucson, AZ

Port St. Lucie, FL

In support of NEED, the national Teacher Advisory Board (TAB) is dedicated to developing and promoting standardsbased energy curriculum and training.

Energy Data Used in NEED Materials NEED believes in providing teachers and students with the most recently reported, available, and accurate energy data. Most statistics and data contained within this guide are derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Data is compiled and updated annually where available. Where annual updates are not available, the most current, complete data year available at the time of updates is accessed and printed in NEED materials. To further research energy data, visit the EIA website at www.eia.gov.

Cori Nelson Winfield, IL Don Pruett Jr. Puyallup, WA Judy Reeves Lake Charles, LA Tom Spencer Chesapeake, VA Jennifer Trochez MacLean Los Angeles, CA Wayne Yonkelowitz Fayetteville, WV

1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org ÂŠ 2019

Greg Holman Paradise, CA

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Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities Table of Contents NEED Curriculum Resources For more in-depth information, inquiry investigations, and engaging activities, download these curriculum resources from shop.NEED.org:

Standards Correlation Information

Teacher Guide

Renewable Energy Bingo Instructions

Forms of Energy Fill Up

Forms of Energy Comic Strip

Forms of Energy Scavenger Hunt

Intermediate Science of Energy

Sources of Energy Worksheets

Intermediate Energy Infobook

Energy Source Pizza Party

Energy Flows

Sources of Energy Crosswords

Also, check out our digital and interactive infobook activities at www.NEED.org/need-students/ energy-infobooks/.

Energy Sources in the News

Renewables and Nonrenewables

How We Use Our Energy Sources

Climate Change

Hydrogen 32 Complete the Circuit

Electricity Crossword

Deck Art Design

Famous Names in Electricity

Electric Math

Generating Electricity

Transporting Electricity

Measuring Electricity

Energy Consumption Collage

4Rs Barista

Critical Thinking Questions

Answer Keys

Evaluation Form

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Standards Correlation Information www.NEED.org/educators/curriculum-correlations/

Next Generation Science Standards This guide effectively supports many Next Generation Science Standards. This material can satisfy performance expectations, science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and cross cutting concepts within your required curriculum. For more details on these correlations, please visit NEED’s curriculum correlations website.

Common Core State Standards This guide has been correlated to the Common Core State Standards in both language arts and mathematics. These correlations are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED curriculum correlations website.

Individual State Science Standards This guide has been correlated to each state’s individual science standards. These correlations are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED website.

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

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Teacher Guide

&Background

Grade Level

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities is a series of student worksheets designed to reinforce the vocabulary and concepts in the Intermediate Energy Infobook. You can download the Intermediate Energy Infobook or specific energy fact sheets from www.NEED.org/need-students/energyinfobooks/. Digital and interactive versions of some of these activities can also be accessed at www.NEED.org/need-students/games-puzzles-activities/.

2Preparation Decide which fact sheets and activities you will use with your class. Obtain a class set of Intermediate Energy Infobooks or make copies of the fact sheets you plan to use. Make copies of the student activities you plan to use from this guide.

Procedure 1. Distribute one Intermediate Energy Infobook or the selected fact sheets to each student. Also pass out the activities you want them to complete. 2. Have the students read the selected fact sheets. Discuss the concepts and new vocabulary in the fact sheets. 3. Have the students complete the selected activities that reinforce and synthesize the information in the Intermediate Energy Infobook. 4. Critical Thinking Questions are included on page 43. You may choose to use any or all questions with your students for discussion or writing integration. 5. Answer keys for activities can be found on pages 44-61. 6. As an extension, play Renewable Energy Bingo as a class. Instructions can be found on pages 6-7 and the student worksheet can be found on page 8.

Intermediate, grades 6-8

Time Approximately 30–45 minutes for the students to read each selected fact sheet and complete the worksheets.

Additional Resources The Intermediate Energy Infobook can be downloaded as an e-publication for easy use on tablets or interactive boards. Energy in the Balance contains charting and graphing activities to further reinforce the information in the infobooks. Many other NEED activities also reinforce and synthesize the information in the infobooks, such as Energy Jeopardy, Great Energy Debate, Energy on Stage, Energy Live!, Energy Expos, and Energy Carnival. Download these titles and more at shop.NEED.org.

7. Use the Evaluation Form on page 63 to evaluate the activities.

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Renewable Energy BINGO Instructions Renewable Energy Bingo is a great icebreaker for a NEED workshop or conference. As a classroom activity, it also makes a great introduction to an energy unit.

Get Ready

2Preparation

Pass out one Renewable Energy Bingo sheet to each member of the group.

5 minutes

 Time

Duplicate as many Renewable Energy Bingo sheets (found on page 8) as needed for each person in your group. In addition, decide now if you want to give the winner of your game a prize and what the prize will be.

Get Set Go PART ONE: FILLING IN THE BINGO SHEETS

45 minutes

Give the group the following instructions to create bingo cards:

Bingos are available on several different topics. Check out these resources for more bingo options!

This bingo activity is very similar to regular bingo. However, there are a few things you’ll need to know to play this game. First, please take a minute to look at your bingo sheet and read the 16 statements at the top of the page. Shortly, you’ll be going around the room trying to find 16 people about whom the statements are true so you can write their names in one of the 16 boxes.

Download these titles for free in PDF format by visiting shop.NEED.org. Biomass Bingo—Energy Stories and More Change a Light Bingo—Energy Conservation Contract Coal Bingo—Coal guides Energy Bingo—Energy Games and Icebreakers Energy Efficiency Bingo— School Energy Experts and School Energy Managers Hydrogen Bingo—H2 Educate Hydropower Bingo— Hydropower guides Nuclear Energy Bingo— Nuclear guides Oil and Natural Gas Bingo—Oil and Natural Gas guides Science of Energy Bingo— Science of Energy guides Solar Bingo—Solar guides Transportation Bingo— Transportation guides

When I give you the signal, you’ll get up and ask a person if a statement at the top of your bingo sheet is true for them. If the person gives what you believe is a correct response, write the person’s name in the corresponding box on the lower part of the page. For example, if you ask a person question “D” and he or she gives you what you think is a correct response, then go ahead and write the person’s name in box D. A correct response is important because later on, if you get bingo, that person will be asked to answer the question correctly in front of the group. If he or she can’t answer the question correctly, then you lose bingo. So, if someone gives you an incorrect answer, ask someone else! Don’t use your name for one of the boxes or use the same person’s name twice. Try to fill all 16 boxes in the next 20 minutes. This will increase your chances of winning. After the 20 minutes are up, please sit down and I will begin asking players to stand up and give their names. Are there any questions? You’ll now have 20 minutes. Go! During the next 20 minutes, move around the room to assist the players. Every five minutes or so tell the players how many minutes are remaining in the game. Give the players a warning when just a minute or two remains. When the 20 minutes are up, stop the players and ask them to be seated.

PART TWO: PLAYING BINGO Give the class the following instructions to play the game: When I point to you, please stand up and in a LOUD and CLEAR voice give us your name. Now, if anyone has the name of the person I call on, put a big “X” in the box with that person’s name. When you get four names in a row—across, down, or diagonally—shout “Bingo!” Then I’ll ask you to come up front to verify your results. Let’s start off with you (point to a player in the group). Please stand and give us your name. (Player gives name. Let’s say the player’s name was “Joe.”) Okay, players, if any of you have Joe’s name in one of your boxes, go ahead and put an “X” through that box. When the first player shouts “Bingo,” ask him (or her) to come to the front of the room. Ask him to give his name. Then ask him to tell the group how his bingo run was made, e.g., down from A to M, across from E to H, and so on.

Wind Energy Bingo—Wind guides

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Now you need to verify the winner’s results. Ask the bingo winner to call out the first person’s name on his bingo run. That player then stands and the bingo winner asks him the question which he previously answered during the 20-minute session. For example, if the statement was “can name at least three renewable energy sources,” the player must now name three sources. If he can answer the question correctly, the bingo winner calls out the next person’s name on his bingo run. However, if he does not answer the question correctly, the bingo winner does not have bingo after all and must sit down with the rest of the players. You should continue to point to players until another person yells “Energy Bingo.”

RENEWABLE ENERGY BINGO

ANSWERS

A. Has been to a renewable power plant

B. Knows which state generates the most geothermal energy

C. Can name at least three renewable energy sources

D. Knows the percentage of electricity produced by renewable sources in the U.S.

E. Can name two types of biomass

F. Knows the source of energy that drives the water cycle

G. Can name two factors to consider when siting a wind farm

H. Has used a solar clothes dryer

K. Knows the renewable source that produces the most electricity in the U.S.

L. Knows the cost per kilowatthour of electricity for residential customers

O. Has used wind energy for transportation

P. Can name the device in a hydropower plant that captures the energy of flowing water

Has seen a modern wind turbine

Knows the renewable source that produces the most energy in the U.S.

M. Knows how radiant energy travels N. Can name two kinds of through space hydropower

ask for location/description

C California

wood, crops, manure, garbage, landfill gas, alcohol fuels, ethanol, and biodiesel

Solar energy

J ask for location/description

M in electromagnetic waves (or transverse waves)

pumped storage or run of river hydroelectric power plant, tidal power, wave power, ocean thermal energy conservation

17% (16.9)

Wind speed, wind blocks,environmental impact, ability to transport electricity to population centers, etc.

Anyone who has hung clothes to dry outside

biomass

D solar hydropower wind geothermal biomass

hydropower

The national average is $0.129 per kWh for residential customers

P sailboat sailboard etc.

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

A turbine captures the energy of flowing water.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY BINGO A. Has been to a renewable power plant

B. Knows which state generates the most geothermal energy

C. Can name at least three renewable energy sources

D. Knows the percentage of electricity produced by renewable sources in the U.S.

E. Can name two types of biomass

F. Knows the source of energy that drives the water cycle

G. Can name two factors to consider when siting a wind farm

H. Has used a solar clothes dryer

K. Knows the renewable source that produces the most electricity in the U.S.

L. Knows the cost per kilowatthour of electricity for residential customers

O. Has used wind energy for transportation

P. Can name the device in a hydropower plant that captures the energy of flowing water

ME ME NA E NA M

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ME ME NA

ME E

NA M

N. Can name two kinds of hydropower

M. Knows how radiant energy travels through space

Knows the renewable source that produces the most energy in the U.S.

Has seen a modern wind turbine

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Forms of Energy Fill Up

Fill in the blanks with the words at the bottom of the page. Some words will be used more than once. Use the word that best completes the sentence. 1. Stored energy and the energy of position are _____________________________ energy. 2. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of _____________________________ energy. 3. The vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances is called _____________________________ energy. 4. The scientific rule that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed is called the Law of _____________________________. 5. The movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves is _____________________________ energy. 6. The energy of position—such as a rock on a hill—is _____________________________ energy. 7. The movement of objects and substances from place to place is _____________________________ energy. 8. Electromagnetic energy traveling in transverse waves is _____________________________ energy. 9. Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules is _____________________________ energy. 10. The movement of atoms, molecules, waves, and electrons is _____________________________ energy. 11. The movement of electrons is _____________________________ energy. 12. The amount of useful energy you get from a system is its _____________________________. 13. The energy in petroleum and coal is stored as _____________________________ energy. 14. X-rays are an example of _____________________________ energy. 15. Fission and fusion are examples of _____________________________ energy. 16. A hydropower reservoir is an example of _____________________________ energy. 17. Wind is an example of the energy of _____________________________.

electrical energy efficiency gravitational potential

kinetic motion nuclear

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potential radiant sound

thermal

Forms of Energy Comic Strip

1. Read the "Introduction to Energy" section of the Intermediate Energy Infobook. 2. Fold a sheet of blank paper in half the long way. Unfold your paper and hold it landscape style (see the diagram example below). Draw five large boxes above the fold and five below. Number them 1-10. Use the prompts below for each box to create your energy forms comic strip. Box #1 – Introduce your comic strip character. Explain the definition of energy. Create and name a main character. For example, an energy-loving wizard named Work, a crazy scientist named Dr. Change, a talking animal named Atom Alligator, a robot named Energybot, or a villain named Furious Fusion. Be creative! What does the character look like? Draw just a face or a whole body. You’ll probably use this character in other boxes, so keep it easy enough to draw again. Define energy. What is it? What are potential and kinetic forms of energy? Your character can “speak” the information using speech bubbles, or, write your facts somewhere in the box. 3. In the rest of the boxes, use your main character, introduce new characters, and draw pictures to describe the form of energy listed. Give examples. For example, imagine that crazy scientist Dr. Change is teaching the reader about electrical energy while his hair stands on end because he’s been struck by lightning. Add extra boxes if you need on a new sheet of paper. Box #2 – Describe chemical energy. Box #3 – Describe elastic energy. Box #4 – Describe nuclear energy. Box #5 – Describe gravitational potential energy. Box #6 – Describe electrical energy. Box #7 – Describe radiant energy. Box #8 – Describe thermal energy. Box #9 – Describe motion energy. Box #10 – Describe sound energy. 4. After the comic strip is written, use a fine-tipped black marker to trace over box outlines, text, and main lines. Erase any pencil marks. Use art supplies to color in the details. 5. Share your comic strip with your classmates. Comic Strip Diagram Example 1

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Forms of Energy Scavenger Hunt

Energy is all around us. Your mission is to work as a team to find as many examples as you can. Your teacher will give you a time limit and tell you where you may go. If you are creative enough, you may find everything right in your classroom! To help keep track of scavenger hunt items, record your examples in the chart below. Capture videos or take pictures of the examples as you find them if digital devices are available. Team Members: Scavenger Hunt Items:

FORM OF ENERGY

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2

Chemical Energy Elastic Energy Nuclear Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Electrical Energy Radiant Energy Thermal Energy Motion Energy Sound Energy

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Biomass Description of biomass: Renewable or nonrenewable: Description of photosynthesis: Ways we turn biomass into energy we can use: Who uses biomass and for what purposes: Effect of using biomass on the environment: Important facts about biomass:

Coal Description of coal: Renewable or nonrenewable: Where coal is located and how we recover it: Ways we turn coal into energy we can use: Who uses coal and for what purposes: Effect of using coal on the environment: Important facts about coal:

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Geothermal Description of geothermal energy: Renewable or nonrenewable: Where geothermal resources are located and how we recover them: Ways we turn geothermal energy into energy we can use: Who uses geothermal energy and for what purposes: Effect of using geothermal energy on the environment: Important facts about geothermal energy:

Hydropower Description of hydropower: Renewable or nonrenewable: Description of the water cycle: Ways we turn hydropower into energy we can use: Who uses hydropower and for what purposes: Effect of using hydropower on the environment: Important facts about hydropower:

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Natural Gas Description of natural gas: Renewable or nonrenewable: Where natural gas is located and how we recover it: Ways we turn natural gas into energy we can use: Who uses natural gas and for what purposes: Effect of using natural gas on the environment: Important facts about natural gas:

Petroleum Description of petroleum: Renewable or nonrenewable: Where petroleum is located and how we recover it: Ways we turn petroleum into energy we can use: Who uses petroleum and for what purposes: Effect of using petroleum on the environment: Important facts about petroleum:

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Propane Description of propane: Renewable or nonrenewable: Where propane is located and how we recover it: Ways we turn propane into energy we can use: Who uses propane and for what purposes: Effect of using propane on the environment: Important facts about propane:

Solar Description of solar energy: Renewable or nonrenewable: How solar energy is produced: Ways we turn solar energy into energy we can use: Who uses solar energy and for what purposes: Effect of using solar energy on the environment: Important facts about solar energy:

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Uranium (Nuclear) Description of uranium: Renewable or nonrenewable: Where uranium is located and how we recover it: Ways we turn uranium into energy we can use: Who uses uranium (nuclear energy) and for what purposes: Effect of using uranium (nuclear energy) on the environment: Important facts about uranium (nuclear energy):

Wind Description of wind energy: Renewable or nonrenewable: Where wind energy is located and how we recover it: Ways we turn wind into energy we can use: Who uses wind and for what purposes: Effect of using wind on the environment: Important facts about wind:

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Energy Source Pizza Party

Read about a source of energy in the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Cut out the slice of pizza below. On the crust, write the name of the energy source. Inside each pineapple, describe how we use the energy source. Inside each pepperoni, write a benefit/advantage of its use. Inside each pepper ring, write a problem/disadvantage of its use. Use colored pencils to lightly color in the pizza slice. Tape slices together to create classroom renewable and nonrenewable pizzas.

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Biomass Crossword

Another name for a garbage dump

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Coal Crossword

ACROSS

DOWN

1. Substances damaging to the environment

1. Electricity is made in a _____ plant

4. Number one coal producing state

2. Canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be quickly replenished

5. Plant that cleans coal

3. How coal is removed from deep under the ground

9. Worker that takes coal from the ground

6. Main use of coal

12. Kind of fuel made from ancient plants

7. A potential impact of burning coal

15. Energy-rich mixture of carbon and hydrogen

8. Moves coal over land

16. How shallow coal is removed

10. Coal still in the ground 11. Residue of burned coal 13. Water-based coal mover 14. Where energy in coal originated

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Geothermal Crossword

ACROSS

DOWN

1. Melted iron

1. Earth layer with magma and rock

2. Greek word for heat

3. Geothermal energy is caused by _____ decay

4. Where geothermal energy is located

5. Geothermal resource good for bathing

6. The Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s crust is in giant pieces called _____

8. Replenished in a short time

7. Mountain with geothermal energy

9. Greek word for Earth

11. Area of Pacific with geothermal resources

10. Produced by a geothermal plant

13. Produced by volcanoes

11. Underground geothermal pool

14. Center of the Earth

12. Prefix meaning water

15. Outer layer of the Earth

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Hydropower Crossword

ACROSS

DOWN

3. Force that moves water

1. Rain, snow, sleet, or hail

5. Dams can _____ energy until itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needed

2. Giant tube in a hydropower plant

8. Moving water spins the blades of this

4. Movement of water through the atmosphere and Earth

9. Lake behind a dam

6. Replenished in a short time

12. This energy powers the water cycle

7. Has magnets and coils of copper wire

14. Part of a dam for extra or overflow water

10. Produced by a generator

15. Dams can control these dangerous events

11. Water changing from liquid to gas

16. Prefix meaning water

13. Large structure across a river

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Natural Gas Crossword

ACROSS

DOWN

3. Canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be replenished quickly

1. A major user of natural gas

4. Energy in natural gas originated here

2. Where natural gas is usually found

5. Main ingredient of natural gas

7. Producer of renewable methane (organic decay)

6. Device to measure natural gas usage

9. Most natural gas is burned to _____ homes and buildings

8. Strong-smelling additive to natural gas

12. Number one natural gas producing state

10. How most natural gas is moved

13. Natural gas is sometimes found with this solid fossil fuel

11. Company that sells natural gas to consumers 13. Form in which energy is stored in natural gas 14. Many _____ use natural gas for heat 15. Kind of fuel made from ancient plants and animals

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Petroleum Crossword

14 15

ACROSS

DOWN

1. Possible environmental effect of burning petroleum

2. Not replenishable in a short time

4. Economy sector that uses the most petroleum

3. Main product of petroleum refinery

7. Petroleum is distilled into _____ fuel for flight

5. These transport oil underground or just above ground

8. These are dug to find oil

6. Number one petroleum producing state

9. Some of our oil is under the _____

10. Petroleum as it comes from wells

12. Kind of fuel made from ancient plants and animals

11. Plant that processes petroleum

14. We _____ about half of our petroleum from

13. We _____ wells to get petroleum

other countries 15. Structure that houses drilling equipment

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Propane Crossword

ACROSS

DOWN

1. Kind of fuel made from ancient plants and animals

1. Propane is used for heat on _____

3. Propane state under pressure

2. Propane is an LPG -- a _____ petroleum gas

5. Propane warehouse or distribution _____

4. Local propane dealers fill their trucks at a _____

6. Propane is distributed to customers by _____

6. Propane is stored at home in _____

7. Propane is moved long distances by _____

7. Propane is a liquid under _____

10. Propane is used in ______ areas

8. People cook with propane on _____

12. Not replenishable in a short time

9. Propane in its natural state

13. Propane is easy to transport; itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s _____

11. Propane can be stored in an underground _____

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Solar Crossword

ACROSS

DOWN

1. An _____ solar house has special equipment

2. A solar _____ gathers radiant energy and turns it into thermal energy

4. Element produced in nuclear fusion in the sun’s core

3. A solar collector can heat ____ for showers

5. Element transformed in nuclear fusion in the sun’s core

6. The sun _____ or sends out energy all the time

7. Light can convert to _____ when it is absorbed

8. PV cells convert radiant energy into _____

9. Solar cell

9. Solar houses without special equipment to collect sunlight

12. Visible radiant energy 13. Direction PV cells and solar collectors should face in the U.S. 14. Form of energy meaning heat

10. Combining nuclei of atoms 11. Prefix meaning light

15. Measure of electricity

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Uranium Crossword

ACROSS

DOWN

2. Storage facility for spent nuclear fuel

1. Can’t make more uranium; it’s _____

3. Smallest units of elements

2. Part of a power plant where fission takes place

6. Spent fuel will lose this over time

4. Center of a reactor

7. A _____ reaction keeps going on its own once started

5. Splitting of nuclei of atoms

8. Combining nuclei of atoms

9. Energy stored in nuclei of atoms

12. Metallic element used in nuclear power plants

10. Containers for uranium pellets

14. Product of nuclear power plants

11. Where a nuclear power plant stores its radioactive waste 13. Fission produces this form of energy

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Wind Crossword

ACROSS

DOWN

1. Wind turbines can produce enough _____ to power 1,000 or more homes

2. Number of blades on most wind turbines

3. Parts of a wind turbine that capture wind energy

5. Warm air _____

6. Replenished in a short time

9. Group of wind turbines

7. Energy source that produces wind

10. Transfers motion to the generator

8. A turbine blade _____ the speed of the wind

13. A top wind energy state

4. Device that measures wind speed

11. Device to increase speed of spinning shaft 12. Device that turns motion into electricity 14. Air over _____ heats up more slowly 15. Wind increases with _____ (elevation) 16. Wind is caused by uneven _____ of the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface

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Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

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Energy Sources in the News

Hunt around your home or community to find an example of a source of energy in use. Read about the source of energy in the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Make a 1-3 minute video clip in the style of a news report that describes the energy source. News reports must include the following information: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Name the source of energy. Is it renewable or nonrenewable? Explain where it comes from or how it is made. Give an additional example of how it is used as energy. How does it affect the environment? Share one disadvantage of using this source of energy. Share one advantage of using this source of energy. Share a fun fact about this source of energy.

Make sure to use the video software your teacher recommends. Save the file with your name and source in the file name. Upload the file to your teacher.

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Renewables and Nonrenewables

Convert the quads into percentages and make a pie chart showing how much U.S. energy in 2017 came from renewable sources and how much came from nonrenewable sources. Round to the nearest tenth. (Q = quad or quadrillion British thermal units)

Petroleum*

36.174 Q = _____________ %

Natural Gas*

28.034 Q = _____________ %

Coal

13.837 Q = _____________ %

Uranium

8.419 Q = _____________ %

Biomass

5.084 Q = _____________ %

Hydropower

2.767 Q = _____________ %

Wind

2.343 Q = _____________ %

Geothermal and Solar

0.987 Q = _____________ %

Total Quad BTUs

_______ = _____________ %

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How We Use Our Energy Sources

In the boxes, number the main uses of each energy source from 1 to 5, with 1 as the most important use. Some sources may be used in only one or two ways. Once you have completed your chart, pick one source of energy and describe how and why you ranked the uses for each.

TRANSPORTATION

MAKE PRODUCTS

HEATING/COOLING

LIGHTING

MAKE ELECTRICITY

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Climate Change Read the "Climate Change" section of the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Answer the questions below. On a plain piece of paper, draw and color a diagram or picture model of the greenhouse effect. 1. What are greenhouse gases? Where do they come from?

2. What is the greenhouse effect?

3. Draw a model or diagram of the greenhouse effect on a blank piece of paper or the back of this page.

4. Why are scientists concerned about global climate change?

5. What solutions do scientists suggest will slow the phenomenon global warming?

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Hydrogen Read the "Hydrogen" section of the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Fold a sheet of paper in half the long way. Hold your paper landscape style with the fold at the top. Separate the top fold into four equal parts like in the diagram below. Cut where you see dotted lines on the diagram so that you have four flaps with space inside for writing. Label the four sections using the four prompts below. Inside each flap, answer the questions for each prompt. Include facts and information from your reading. Add colorful drawings to illustrate the information. THE SUN’S ENERGY Where does the sun’s energy come from? Describe the process of fusion. Why is radiant energy important? HYDROGEN What is hydrogen? How do we make it on Earth? How do we use hydrogen? FUEL CELLS What are fuel cells? How do we use them? PROS AND CONS What are the benefits of using hydrogen as a source of fuel? What are the problems with using hydrogen as a source of fuel?

THE SUN’S ENERGY

HYDROGEN

FUEL CELLS

PROS AND CONS

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Complete the Circuit Write the word that best describes each definition in the blank space. Use each word only once. Not all words may be used. 1. A substance in which all atoms are identical. _____________________________ 2. The center of an atom. _____________________________ 3. The negatively-charged particle of an atom. _____________________________ 4. The positively-charged particle of an atom. _____________________________ 5. The particle in the nucleus of an atom with no charge. _____________________________ 6. The smallest part of an element that keeps all of the element’s characteristics. _____________________________ 7. An electrical force within an atomic particle. _____________________________ 8. The areas around the nucleus where electrons are located. _____________________________ 9. The force field created between the poles of a magnet. ______________________________ 10. A device that does work in an electric circuit. _____________________________ 11. A path through which electricity travels. _____________________________ 12. An object in which the molecules are arranged so that north-seeking poles point one direction, while southseeking poles point another. _____________________________ 13. How like charges or magnetic poles respond. _____________________________ 14. A device with magnets and coils of wire that produces electricity. _____________________________ 15. A device that produces electricity through a chemical reaction. _____________________________

� element � energy levels � generator � load � magnet � magnetic field Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

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� neutron � nucleus � proton � repel � turbine

Electricity Crossword

ACROSS 1. Electricity is a _____ source of energy. 2. _____ lines send electricity over a nationwide network. 6. A _____ is the amount of energy used in one hour by ten 100-watt heat lamps. 9. Electricity is sent to a _____ that “steps up” the voltage. 10. ______ lines deliver electricity to your home. 11. In a coal-fired power plant, thirty-five percent of the fuel is converted into electricity. This is called the _____ of the power plant.

DOWN 1. _____ are small buildings containing transformers and electrical equipment. 3. A _____ is a measure of the electric power an appliance uses. 4. A _____ is found in a generator and can be spun to create electricity. 5. _____ is a fossil fuel that is one of the leading generators of electricity in the U.S. 7. High pressure steam turns the blades of a _____. 8. A _____ houses magnets and a spinning coil of copper wire.

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Deck Art Design The ZOOM Electric Skateboard Company is hiring you to design the deck art for their newest electric skateboard model, the Volta2020. The skateboard has an electric motor powered by a battery. When the skateboard runs out of power, the battery plugs into an electrical outlet to recharge the chemical energy stored inside it. Your job is to read the "Electricity" section of the Intermediate Energy Infobook and answer the questions below. Then, design the deck art for the new skateboard. A template is provided on the bottom of this sheet. 1. What is electricity?

2. Describe electromagnetism.

3. How does a battery produce electricity?

Volta2020

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Famous Names in Electricity The sentences below refer to famous scientists and inventors from the "History of Electricity" section of your electricity fact sheet. Read the sentence. Next, write the last name of the scientist or inventor in the squares and circles. Unscramble the letters in the circles to form the answer to the final statement. 1. First scientist to conduct an electric current by passing a magnet through copper wiring. 2. In 1895, he opened a power plant that used AC power. 3. Many people believe he discovered electricity with his famous lightning experiment. 4. Using salt water, zinc, and copper, he created the first electric cell. 5. He invented the light bulb and opened the first electric power plant. 6. The first electric power plant able to transport electricity over 200 miles.

Electric Math Match the following numbers with the statements below. You will use each number only once. Write the numbers on the lines to the left of the statements. Next, perform the mathematical operations indicated by each statement. Write your answers on the lines to the right of the statements.

12.9

120

1000

1882

1879

1. Start with the voltage used to operate most household appliances. 2. Divide this number by the cost, in cents, of a kilowatt-hour of electricity =

__________________

3. Multiply this number by the average efficiency of a thermal power plant =

__________________

4. Add to this number the year the light bulb was invented =

__________________

5. Divide this number by the number of watts in one kilowatt =

__________________

6. Multiply this number by the year Edison started his power plant = ANSWER

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Generating Electricity In the United States, we use many different energy sources to generate electricity. We categorize the energy sources into three major groups - fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewables. Power plants use different types of technology to make electricity. •

Most electricity is generated using steam turbines in large thermal power plants. Thermal power plants need a lot of thermal energy to start the electricity generation process. This thermal energy comes from burning fossil fuels, nuclear fission, burning biomass, light from the sun, and from deep inside the Earth.

•

Some electricity is generated using hydro turbines and wind turbines. Instead of using heat, these power plants use motion energy to produce electricity. This motion comes directly from moving water or wind.

•

One other technology we use to generate electricity is solar photovoltaics (PV). Photovoltaics produce electricity directly from sunlight (radiant energy) in a photovoltaic cell. This electricity is generated in PV systems found on homes, schools, and businesses, and is used on-site.

Read the "Electricity" section of the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Fill in the chart below to describe how we generate electricity in the United States. Then, answer the Think About It questions on the following page. U.S. Electricity Generation by Energy Source, 2017

Source of Energy

% of U.S. Electricity

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

Energy Category (Fossil Fuel, Nuclear, or Renewable)

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Form of Energy Used to Power the Turbine or Technology (Thermal, Motion, or Radiant)

Think About It: 1. Explain why electricity is a secondary source of energy.

2. Electricity is made using many different sources of energy. What percentage of our electricity is generated by: fossil fuels?

________%

nuclear?

________%

renewables?

________%

3. How do thermal power plants produce electricity?

4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using thermal power plants to generate electricity.

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1. Power plant:

Transporting Electricity

6 7

Explain what each of the components numbered below does to get electricity from the generator to the consumer.

2. Step-up transformer: 3. Transmission line: 4. Power tower: 5. Step-down transformer: 6. Distribution line: 7. Neighborhood transformer:

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Measuring Electricity Fill in the blanks in the tables below. TABLE 1 VOLTAGE

CURRENT

RESISTANCE

1.5 V

______ A

3Ω

______ V

4Ω

120 V

______ Ω

240 V

______ A

12 Ω

POWER

VOLTAGE

CURRENT

27 W

______ A

______ W

120 V

1.5 A

45 W

______ V

______ W

120 V

TABLE 2

TABLE 3 APPLIANCE

POWER

VOLTAGE

CURRENT

180 W

120 V

______ A

COMPUTER

40 W

120 V

______ A

PRINTER

120 W

120 V

______ A

HAIR DRYER

1,000 W

120 V

______ A

TABLE 4

POWER

TIME

5 kW

100 h

25 kW

1,000 W

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

PRICE

COST

____________

$ 0.129

$ ______

____________

$ 0.129

$ ______

____________

$ 0.129

$ ______

(kWh)

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Energy Consumption Collage

Read the "Energy Consumption" section of the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Underline at least 10 examples in the text describing ways we consume, or use, energy every day. Next, create a collage of pictures showing how we use energy. Look through old magazines, newspapers, and junk mail. Draw your own pictures, print pictures from the internet, or take photographs around your home and print them out. Share your collage with a small group. Point out examples of ways you personally use energy. As a group, can you think of some other ways we use energy in the U.S. that aren’t pictured in anyone’s collage? Make a list here:

Think About It: 1. Why do you think people in the United States consume more energy than the rest of the world?

2. Pick three examples from your Consumption Collage. Look back through the Energy Consumption text to find specific tips and suggestions related to your examples. For each example, describe one way to reduce the amount of energy being consumed or how to use the energy resource more wisely.

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4 Rs Barista

Everyone loves a latte â&#x20AC;&#x201C; but no one wants a landfill in their backyard. Help your local coffee shop encourage customers to reduce, reuse, repair, and recycle by designing a coffee cup with a message. Read the "Energy Efficiency" text in the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Around the outside of the coffee cup, write five tips or suggestions for ways to save energy by reducing, reusing, repairing, and recycling. Then, decorate the coffee cup. Include symbols and pictures if you want. Encourage the coffee lover to reduce, reuse, repair, and recycle.

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Critical Thinking Questions

1. Explain five transfers of energy that are happening right now in your classroom. 2. Write a persuasive letter to a town council about the advantages and disadvantages of a new landfill. 3. Do you think people mining for coal should have to use reclamation on the land? Why or why not? 4. Rank the layers of the Earth in order of importance. Give reasons why you ranked them in that order. 5. Write one paragraph for each side of a debate between an environmentalist who is worried about the construction of a hydropower plant and the plant owner. 6. Compare how sectors use natural gas to how they use other sources. What does natural gas have in common with other sources? What is unique about it? What generalizations can you make about natural gas after looking at the data? 7. Fleet vehicles and machinery that are used indoors are often powered by propane. Why do you think these vehicles (more than others) are likely to use propane instead of petroleum? 8. Describe one benefit and one challenge of U.S. petroleum consumption. 9. Many energy sources can be dangerous if not captured, used, or contained properly. Make a list of problems that can arise through the use of uranium and solutions that can be used to prevent the problems from occurring. 10. If a 10-turbine wind farm was going to be placed somewhere in your community and its surroundings, where do you think the ideal site would be? Explain the reason you picked that site. Also include five sites you considered but rejected and the reasons why you rejected them. 11. Summarize what the chart on page 29, Renewables and Nonrenewables, shows you about our use of renewable and nonrenewable resources. 12. Add another five words that have to do with electricity to the Electricity Crossword. They need to appropriately connect to the current puzzle. Write clues that would help someone figure out your words. 13. When we flip a switch, our lights go on. When we plug something in, and turn it on, it works. We donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think about where this energy, electricity, comes from. Pretend you are an electron. Explain your journey from an energy resource to your video game system.

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Forms of Energy Fill Up

Fill in the blanks with the words at the bottom of the page. Some words will be used more than once. Use the word that best completes the sentence.

potential Stored energy and the energy of position are _____________________________ energy. elastic 1. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of_____________________________ energy. 2. The vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances is called

thermal _____________________________ energy. 3. The scientific rule that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed is called the Law of

Conservation of Energy _____________________________. sound 4. The movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves is _____________________________ energy. gravitational potential 5. The energy of position—such as a rock on a hill—is _____________________________ energy. motion 6. The movement of objects and substances from place to place is _____________________________ energy. radiant 7. Electromagnetic energy traveling in transverse waves is _____________________________ energy. chemical 8. Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules is _____________________________ energy. kinetic 9. The movement of atoms, molecules, waves, and electrons is _____________________________ energy. electrical 10. The movement of electrons is _____________________________ energy. energy efficiency 11. The amount of useful energy you get from a system is its _____________________________. chemical 12. The energy in petroleum and coal is stored as _____________________________ energy. radiant 13. X-rays are an example of _____________________________ energy. nuclear 14. Fission and fusion are examples of _____________________________ energy. gravitational potential 15. A hydropower reservoir is an example of _____________________________ energy. motion 16. Wind is an example of the energy of _____________________________.

Word Bank chemical Conservation of Energy elastic

ANSWERS

electrical energy efficiency gravitational potential

kinetic motion nuclear

potential radiant sound

thermal

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Biomass Description of biomass:

Any organic material that can be used for its energy contentâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;wood, garbage, yard waste, crop waste, animal waste, even human waste.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Renewable

Description of photosynthesis:

The process by which light (radiant energy) is converted to sugars or glucose in a plant.

Ways we turn biomass into energy we can use:

Burning to produce heat, fermentation into alcohol fuel (ethanol), bacterial decay into methane, conversion to gas or liquid fuels by addition of heat or chemicals

Who uses biomass and for what purposes:

Industry burns waste wood to make products, homes burn wood for heat, waste-to-energy plants burn organic waste products to produce electricity, and ethanol is used as a transportation fuel.

Effect of using biomass on the environment:

Burning biomass can produce air pollution and it can also produce odors. Burning biomass is cleaner than burning fossil fuels. Growing plants for biomass fuel may reduce some carbon dioxide emissions by reducing CO2 in the atmosphere.

Important facts about biomass:

Biomass gets its energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis. Using biomass reduces the amount of organic material placed in landfills. Fast-growing crops can be grown for their energy content.

Coal Description of coal:

Coal is a black, solid hydrocarbon (fossil fuel) formed from the remains of ancient plants in swamps millions to hundreds of millions of years ago.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Nonrenewable

Where coal is located and how we recover it:

Coal is located underground in many areas of the country. Shallow seams are surface mined. Coal buried deep is reached through underground mine shafts.

Ways we turn coal into energy we can use: Most coal is burned to produce thermal energy.

Who uses coal and for what purposes:

Power plants burn most of the coal to produce electricity. Industries also burn coal to make products, especially steel and iron.

Effect of using coal on the environment:

Burning coal causes emissions of CO2 and other pollution and can cause acid rain. Burning coal also produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

Important facts about coal:

Coal produces about 30.0 percent of the electricity in the U.S. The U.S. has the largest reserves of coal in the world. Coal is found in some western states and also in Appalachian states. Wyoming, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Kentucky are the top coal producing states. Coal is transported mainly by train and barge. Transporting coal is a huge expense. ÂŠ2019 The NEED Project

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ANSWERS

Geothermal Description of geothermal energy:

Geothermal energy is heat produced in the Earth’s core by the slow decay of naturally-occurring radioactive particles.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Renewable

Where geothermal resources are located and how we recover them:

Low temperature resources are almost everywhere a few feet underground. High temperature resources are found along major plate boundaries, especially around the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean.

Ways we turn geothermal energy into energy we can use:

We can drill wells to reach high temperature resources, or lay pipes filled with fluid underground. Some geothermal resources come out of the ground naturally, and we can pipe it to where it’s needed.

Who uses geothermal energy and for what purposes:

Power plants use geothermal steam to produce electricity. Homes and businesses use the hot water and steam for thermal energy.

Effect of using geothermal energy on the environment: There is very little environmental effect.

Important facts about geothermal energy:

Earth is made of layers—an inner core of iron, an outer core of magma (melted rock), a mantle of magma and rock, and a crust. The crust is not a solid piece, but giant plates of land that move. Along the edges of the plates, geothermal resources tend to come to the surface.

Hydropower Description of hydropower:

Hydropower is the force of moving water caused by gravity.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Renewable

Description of the water cycle:

The sun shines onto the Earth, evaporating the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes. The water vapor rises into the atmosphere and forms clouds. The water vapor condenses and falls to Earth as precipitation.

Ways we turn hydropower into energy we can use:

We can harness the energy in flowing water by damming rivers and using waterfalls.

Who uses hydropower and for what purposes: Electric utilities use hydropower dams to turn the energy in flowing water into electricity. Effect of using hydropower on the environment:

Dams can flood land and disrupt animal and fish habitats. Hydropower doesn’t pollute the air, but it does alter the flow of rivers.

Important facts about hydropower: Hydropower dams are the cheapest and cleanest way to produce electricity. There are few places in the U.S. where new dams can be built. Some existing dams could have turbines installed to produce electricity.

ANSWERS

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Natural Gas Description of natural gas:

Natural gas is a colorless, odorless gas formed hundreds of millions of years ago from tiny sea plants and animals. It is a fossil fuel.

Renewable or nonrenewable:

Nonrenewable, although methane produced from landfill gas is classified as renewable.

Where natural gas is located and how we recover it:

Natural gas is located in underground rock formations in sedimentary basins. We drill wells to reach it and pipe it from the ground.

Ways we turn natural gas into energy we can use:

Usually we burn natural gas to generate electricity or produce heat.

Who uses natural gas and for what purposes:

Power plants burn natural gas to produce electricity. Industry burns natural gas to manufacture products. Homes and businesses burn natural gas to heat buildings and water, and for cooking.

Effect of using natural gas on the environment:

Natural gas is a cleaner burning fossil fuel, but it produces some air pollution and carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

Important facts about natural gas:

Natural gas supplies the U.S. with 32.2 percent of its electricity. Mercaptan, an odorant that smells like rotten eggs, is added to natural gas so leaks can be detected. Natural gas is shipped hundreds of thousands of miles in underground and above ground pipelines.

Petroleum Description of petroleum:

Petroleum is a liquid hydrocarbon, a fossil fuel formed hundreds of millions of years ago from the remains of tiny sea plants and animals. It can be thin and clear like water or thick and black like tar.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Nonrenewable

Where petroleum is located and how we recover it:

Petroleum is located underground in rocks in sedimentary basins. Much is under water. We drill wells to find it, then must pump it from the ground.

Ways we turn petroleum into energy we can use:

Petroleum is refined into many different fuels that are burned to produce heat.

Who uses petroleum and for what purposes:

Most petroleum products are used by the transportation sector to move people and goods. Industry burns petroleum to manufacture products and also uses petroleum as a feedstock to produce many products.

Effect of using petroleum on the environment:

Burning petroleum causes air pollution and produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Drilling for and transporting petroleum can cause damage to the land and water if there are leaks or spills.

Important facts about petroleum:

We use more petroleum than any other energy source. The U.S. does not produce enough petroleum to meet our needs. We import about 40% of the petroleum we use from foreign countries. Petroleum is moved over land mostly by pipeline, and over water by tanker.

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ANSWERS

Propane Description of propane:

Propane is a colorless, odorless fossil fuel found with petroleum and natural gas. It was formed hundreds of millions of years ago from the remains of tiny sea plants and animals. It is produced from petroleum and natural gas.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Nonrenewable

Where propane is located and how we recover it:

Propane is found with petroleum and natural gas deposits and is separated from both fuels during refining and processing.

Ways we turn propane into energy we can use:

We put propane in tanks under pressure to turn it into a liquid so that it is more easily moved from place to place, then we burn it to produce thermal energy.

Who uses propane and for what purposes:

Industry uses propane to make products; farmers use propane for heat in rural areas; homes use propane for outdoor grills; businesses use propane to fuel indoor machinery and as a fleet fuel.

Effect of using propane on the environment:

Propane is a cleaner burning fossil fuel, but burning it does produce some air pollutants and carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

Important facts about propane:

Propane is an LPG â&#x20AC;&#x201C; liquefied petroleum gas. Propane is easily turned into a liquid under pressure. It takes up 270 times less space as a liquid. Propane is stored in underground caverns and moved by pipelines and trucks. Propane is called a portable fuel because it is easily transported as a liquid.

Solar Description of solar energy:

Solar energy is radiant energy from the sun that travels to Earth.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Renewable

How solar energy is produced:

Solar energy is produced in the sunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s core when atoms of hydrogen combine under pressure to produce helium, in a process called fusion. During fusion, radiant energy is emitted.

Ways we turn solar energy into energy we can use:

We can capture solar energy with solar collectors that turn the radiant energy into thermal energy, or with photovoltaic cells that turn radiant energy into electricity. We also use the visible light of solar energy to see.

Who uses solar energy and for what purposes:

We all use the visible light from the sun to see during the day. Many homes and buildings use solar collectors to heat interior spaces and water, and PV cells to produce electricity. Solar power facilities use PV cells and mirrors to produce electricity.

Effect of using solar energy on the environment:

Solar energy is very clean energy, producing no air or water pollution.

Important facts about solar energy:

Solar energy is not available all of the time and is spread out so that it is difficult to harness. Today, it is expensive to use solar energy to produce electricity, but new technologies will make solar energy a major energy source in the future.

ANSWERS

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Uranium (Nuclear) Description of uranium:

Uranium is a common metallic element found in rocks all over the world.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Nonrenewable

Where uranium is located and how we recover it:

Uranium is located underground in rock formations. Mines are dug to recover it.

Ways we turn uranium into energy we can use:

Uranium is processed and turned into uranium fuel pellets for nuclear power plants. Uranium atoms are split in the process of fission to produce heat.

Who uses uranium (nuclear energy) and for what purposes: Nuclear power plants use uranium to produce electricity.

Effect of using uranium (nuclear energy) on the environment:

Uranium fission produces radioactive waste that is dangerous for thousands of years and must be stored carefully. Leaks of radioactive materials pose a danger.

Important facts about uranium (nuclear energy):

Nuclear power plants produce little pollution except for radioactive waste, which must be stored on-site or in special repositories. There is no permanent repository in the United States at this time and most spent fuel is stored on-site at nuclear power plants. A permanent repository has not been chosen.

Wind Description of wind energy:

Wind is the movement of air caused by the uneven heating of Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface.

Renewable or nonrenewable: Renewable

Where wind energy is located and how we recover it:

Wind is produced when the sun shines on the Earth, heating the land more quickly than the water. The warmer air over land rises and cooler air moves in to take its place, producing wind. Wind can be harnessed by sails, mills, turbines, and by living things.

Ways we turn wind into energy we can use:

We use wind turbines that have blades, which turn in the wind, that turn a turbine to produce electricity.

Who uses wind and for what purposes: Wind farms are built to produce electricity.

Effect of using wind on the environment:

Wind turbines are very clean, producing no air or water pollution.

Important facts about wind: Wind turbines do not produce a lot of electricity, and do not produce it all of the time. Wind turbines cannot be used in many areas. There must be stable, continuous wind resources. There are large wind resources on the ocean. The first offshore wind farm in the United States came online in 2016 off the coast of Block Island, Rhode Island.

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ANSWERS

Biomass Crossword Answers

Coal Crossword Answers

ANSWERS

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Geothermal Crossword Answers

Hydropower Crossword Answers

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ANSWERS

Natural Gas Crossword Answers

Petroleum Crossword Answers P

O N

G T

O C

O N

M P

O R

W E

O N R J

O S

I L

W R

E O R

T 15

L E

L L

ANSWERS

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Propane Crossword Answers

Solar Crossword Answers

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ANSWERS

Uranium Crossword Answers R

N A

M S

F U

A C T

N E

A D

O N

U M

S I

A N I

S I F

W R

N R

S L

C I

A T

A L

Wind Crossword Answers E L E C T R I S E S

O L

C I

O L

O W S

R A T E X

R M

ANSWERS

B L A D E S H N R R E N E W A B L E M E A R

I G E N E

O R W A T

D G E A R I T V E E E R

B O X

S H E I

G H T

N G

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ANSWERS

Renewables and Nonrenewables

13.837 Q = 14.1 % 8.419 Q = 8.6 % 5.084 Q = 5.2 % 2.767 Q = 2.8 % 2.343 Q = 2.4 % 0.984 Q = 1.0 % 97.645 Q = 99.8%

Coal

Uranium

Biomass

Hydropower

Wind

Geothermal and Solar

Total Quad BTUs

*Includes propane. **Total does not equal 100% due to independent rounding.

28.034 Q = 28.7 %

Natural Gas*

88.40% Nonrenewables

11.43% Renewables

36.174 Q = 37.0 %

Petroleum*

Students should calculate the total number of quads to be 97.645 Q. To find each percentage, have them divide each individual source by the total number of quads, then multiply by 100.

e How We Use Our Energy Sources

2 1

MAKE PRODUCTS

TRANSPORTATION

HEATING/COOLING

LIGHTING

MAKE ELECTRICITY

In the boxes, number the main uses of each energy source from 1 to 5 with 1 as the most important use. Some sources may be used in only one or two ways. Once you have completed your chart, pick one source of energy and describe how and why you ranked the uses for each.

ANSWERS

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5. What solutions do scientists suggest will slow the phenomenon global warming? They believe we should reduce the amount of fossil fuels that we burn. The solutions being implemented include reducing CO2 emissions from transportation and electricity by switching to less carbon intensive fuels.

4. Why are scientists concerned about global climate change? They believe the average temperature of the Earth is beginning to rise. Climate change experts predict that if the temperature of the Earth rises just a few degrees Fahrenheit, it will cause major changes in the world’s climate and oceans.

3. Draw a model of the greenhouse effect on the back of this page. See page 28 of the Intermediate Energy Infobook for an example.

2. What is the greenhouse effect? When the sunlight hits the Earth, most of it turns into thermal energy (heat). The Earth absorbs some of this thermal energy. The rest flows back out toward the atmosphere. When this thermal energy reaches the atmosphere, it stops. It can’t pass through the atmosphere like sunlight. Most of the heat becomes trapped and flows back to the Earth.

1. What are greenhouse gases? Where do they come from? Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, F-gases, ozone, and nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide is the gas we produce when we breathe and when we burn wood and fossil fuels. Methane is the main gas in natural gas. It is also produced when once-living matter decays, and from animal waste. The other greenhouse gases are produced by burning fuels and from other natural and human activity.

Read the "Climate Change" section of the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Answer the questions below. On a plain piece of paper, draw and color a diagram or picture model of the greenhouse effect.

Climate Change

What are the problems with using hydrogen as a source of fuel? Lacking infrastructure, expensive technology, hard to transport and store safely

PROS AND CONS What are the benefits of using hydrogen as a source of fuel? Can help to lower emissions, efficient in fuel cells, very little pollution, can be made from many things

How do we use them? Small fuel cells can power electric cars. Large fuel cells can provide electricity in remote areas.

FUEL CELLS What are fuel cells? Hydrogen fuel cells make electricity.

How do we use hydrogen? Most of this hydrogen is used by industry in refining, treating metals, and processing foods.

How do we make it on Earth? Hydrogen is made by separating it from water, biomass, or natural gas—from domestic resources.

HYDROGEN What is hydrogen? Hydrogen is a gas that is always mixed with other elements, or bonds with itself. Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any common fuel by weight, but the lowest energy content by volume. It is the lightest element and is a gas at normal temperature and pressure.

Why is radiant energy important? This radiant energy sustains life on Earth. Most of the energy we use today came from the sun.

Describe the process of fusion. Inside the sun, hydrogen atoms combine to form helium atoms. This process gives off radiant energy.

THE SUN’S ENERGY Where does the sun’s energy come from? Our sun’s energy comes from hydrogen.

Read the "Hydrogen" section of the Intermediate Energy Infobook. Fold a sheet of paper in half the long way. Hold your paper landscape style with the fold at the top. Separate the top fold into four equal parts like in the diagram below. Cut where you see dotted lines on the diagram so that you have four flaps with space inside for writing. Label the four sections using the four prompts below. Inside each flap, answer the questions for each prompt. Include facts and information from your reading. Add colorful drawings to illustrate the information.

Hydrogen

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

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ANSWERS

proton

4. The positively-charged particle of an atom. neutron

charge

circuit

load

magnetic field

energy levels

atom

magnet

atom attract battery charge circuit electron

element energy levels generator load magnet magnetic field

neutron nucleus proton repel turbine

battery

15. A device that produces electricity through a chemical reaction.

Word Bank

generator

repel

14. A device with magnets and coils of wire that produces electricity.

13. How like charges or magnetic poles respond.

poles point another.

12. An object in which the molecules are arranged so that north-seeking poles point one direction, while south-seeking

11. A path through which electricity travels.

10. A device that does work in an electric circuit.

9. The force field created between the poles of a magnet.

8. The areas around the nucleus where electrons are located.

7. An electrical force within an atomic particle.

6. The smallest part of an element that keeps all of the element’s characteristics.

5. The particle in the nucleus of an atom with no charge.

electron

nucleus

element

3. The negatively-charged particle of an atom.

2. The center of an atom.

1. A substance in which all atoms are identical.

Write the word that best describes each definition in the blank space. Use each word only once. Not all words may be used.

Complete the Circuit

Left Column: Right Column:

120, 12.9, 35, 1879, 1000, 1882 9.3, 325.5, 2,204.5, 2.2045, 4,148.869

Electric Math Answer Key

3. Franklin 4. Volta

Famous Names in Electricity Answer Key 1. Faraday 2. Westinghouse

Electricity Crossword

5. Edison 6. Niagara Falls

Generating Electricity U.S. Electricity Generation by Energy Source, 2017

Source of Energy

Energy Category (Fossil Fuel, Nuclear, or Renewable)

% of U.S. Electricity

Form of Energy Used to Power the Turbine or Technology (Thermal, Motion, or Radiant)

Natural Gas

32.2%

Fossil Fuel

Thermal

Coal

30.0%

Fossil Fuel

Thermal

Uranium

20.0%

Nuclear

Thermal

Hydropower

7.3%

Renewable

Motion

Wind

6.3%

Renewable

Motion

Biomass

1.6%

Renewable

Thermal

Solar

1.3%

Renewable

Thermal & Radiant

Petroleum (and other fossil fuel gases)

0.8%

Fossil Fuel

Thermal

Geothermal

0.4%

Renewable

Thermal

Data: EIA

Think About It: 1. Explain why electricity is a secondary source of energy. Electricity must be produced using other sources. 2. Electricity is made using many different sources of energy. What percentage of our electricity is generated by: fossil fuels?

63.0%

nuclear?

20.0%

renewables?

16.9%

3. How do thermal power plants produce electricity? Using generators, made of coils of wire and magnets, that turn by a turbine. 4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using thermal power plants to generate electricity. Answers will vary based on student reading.

ANSWERS

ÂŠ2019 The NEED Project

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Transporting Electricity Explain what each of the components numbered below does to get electricity from the generator to the consumer. 3 6

1 2

1. Power plant: generates electricity 2. Step-up transformer: increases voltage to reduce transmission loss 3. Transmission line: transports high-voltage electricty over long distances 4. Power tower: carries or holds transmission lines 5. Step-down transformer: lowers voltage for smaller distribution lines 6. Distribution line: carries lower voltage electricty to homes and businesses 7. Neighborhood transformer: lowers voltage to an amount that can be safely used by appliances in homes and businesses (120 & 240 volts)

ÂŠ2019 The NEED Project

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ANSWERS

Measuring Electricity Directions: Fill in the blanks in the tables below. TABLE 1 VOLTAGE

CURRENT

RESISTANCE

1.5 V

0.5 A

3Ω

12 V

4Ω

120 V

30 Ω

240 V

20 A

12 Ω

POWER

VOLTAGE

CURRENT

27 W

180 W

120 V

1.5 A

45 W

15 V

240 W

120 V

TABLE 2

TABLE 3 APPLIANCE

POWER

VOLTAGE

CURRENT

180 W

120 V

1.5 A

COMPUTER

40 W

120 V

0.33 A

PRINTER

120 W

120 V

HAIR DRYER

1,000 W

120 V

8.33 A

TABLE 4 POWER

TIME

ELECTRICAL ENERGY (kWh)

PRICE

COST

5 kW

100 h

500 kWh

$ 0.129

$ 64.50

25 kW

100 kWh

$ 0.129

$ 12.90

1,000 W

1,000 Wh = 1kWh

$ 0.129

ANSWERS

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

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Answers to Critical Thinking Questions

1. Explain five transfers of energy that are happening right now in your classroom. Answers may include: electrical to sound (radio, bell, tv), chemical to motion (food digesting in stomachs), radiant to heat (students sitting near the window feeling warm). 2. Write a persuasive letter to a town council about the advantages and disadvantages of a new landfill. Answers may include: Negative— smell, smoke from burning garbage; Positive—cheaper power, cheaper garbage pickup. 3. Do you think people mining for coal should have to use reclamation on the land? Why or why not? Students should pick yes or no, and explain why the land should be taken care of after it has been used for mining or why it should not. 4. Rank the layers of the Earth in order of importance. Give reasons why you ranked them in that order. Students should order the layers (core, mantle, crust) and defend why they put them in that order. 5. Write one paragraph for each side of a debate between an environmentalist who is worried about the construction of a hydropower plant and the plant owner. Answers may include the environmentalist being worried about flooding the area and the loss of animals and habitat. The plant owner may state that the reservoir will provide recreational options and that fish ladders and other things can be built to protect the wildlife. They may also mention that the area needs a cheap, clean power source, and the dam will provide that. 6. Compare how sectors use natural gas to how they use other sources. What does natural gas have in common with other sources? What is unique about it? What generalizations can you make about natural gas after looking at the data? Answers may include that it is split between sectors (commercial, residential, industrial, transportation, and electricity) like some other sources (biomass and petroleum). Unlike the others, natural gas does not have a sector that dominates its resources. This could mean that natural gas is more versatile than the other sources. 7. Fleet vehicles and machinery that are used indoors are often powered by propane. Why do you think these vehicles (more than others) are likely to use propane instead of petroleum? Answers may include that indoor vehicles don’t want any form of exhaust that would come with a petroleum vehicle since they are trapped indoors. Fleet vehicles are able to use propane since they have set routes or a set location they remain in. They are able to access propane filling areas. Other vehicles would have more trouble with it since there are not many propane filling stations. 8. Describe one benefit and one challenge of U.S. petroleum consumption. Answers will vary but benefits may include that petroleum fuels our society allowing us to travel easily, or that petroleum is an inexpensive transportation fuel compared to many alternative fuels. Challenges may include that we consume more petroleum than we produce or that burning petroleum releases carbon dioxide. 9. Many energy sources can be dangerous if not captured, used, or contained properly. Make a list of problems that can arise through the use of uranium and solutions that can be used to prevent the problems from occurring. Answers may include that used fuel from a nuclear reactor is radioactive, but is stored safely on site. A nuclear power plant accident could cause wide spread damage but radioactive power plants in the U.S. are specifically designed and built to contain radiation and radioactive material in the unlikely case of an accident. Emergency plans are in place in nearby communities to advise residents. Nuclear power plant workers are highly trained and follow safety procedures. 10. If a 10-turbine wind farm was going to be placed somewhere in your community and its surroundings, where do you think the ideal site would be? Explain the reason you picked that site. Also includes five sites you considered but rejected and the reasons why you rejected them. Answers should include that the area needs to be big enough to support 10 turbines. The turbines should be the tallest thing around, so the wind is not blocked. The area underneath could be used for farmland or grazing land, but should not otherwise be used. The area must have strong, steady winds. There should not be any bird migration or bird nesting sites in the immediate vicinity. 11. Summarize what the chart on page 29, Renewables and Nonrenewables, shows you about our use of renewable and nonrenewable resources. Student summaries might include the fact that we use 88.4% nonrenewable sources, that we use more coal (or petroleum or natural gas) than all of the renewables combined, or that the renewables are only a small piece of the pie. 12. Add another five words that have to do with electricity to the Electricity Crossword. They need to appropriately connect to the current puzzle. Write clues that would help someone figure out your words. Answers will vary. 13. When we flip a switch, our lights go on. When we plug something in, and turn it on, it works. We don’t think about where this energy, electricity, comes from. Pretend you are a spark of electricity. Explain your journey from an energy resource to your video game system. Students may identify the energy source they begin as (uranium, coal, etc.). Students may explain how that resource turns into electricity. They should trace the path from the power plant to the transformer, the transmission lines, the neighborhood transformer, the distribution line, a small transformer, and finally wires into the walls in the house. There is a diagram on page 39 that may be helpful.

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

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ANSWERS

Youth Energy Conference and Awards

Youth Awards Program for Energy Achievement

The NEED Youth Energy Conference and Awards gives students more opportunities to learn about energy and to explore energy in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math). The annual June conference has students from across the country working in groups on an Energy Challenge designed to stretch their minds and energy knowledge. The conference culminates with the Youth Awards Ceremony recognizing student work throughout the year and during the conference.

All NEED schools have outstanding classroom-based programs in which students learn about energy. Does your school have student leaders who extend these activities into their communities? To recognize outstanding achievement and reward student leadership, The NEED Project conducts the National Youth Awards Program for Energy Achievement.

For More Info: www.NEED.org/event/youth-energy-conference-and-awards/

Share Your Energy Outreach with The NEED Network! This program combines academic competition with recognition to acknowledge everyone involved in NEED during the year—and to recognize those who achieve excellence in energy education in their schools and communities.

What’s involved? Students and teachers set goals and objectives and keep a record of their activities. Students create a digital project to submit for judging. In April, digital projects are uploaded to the online submission site.

Want more info? Check out www.NEED.org/need-students/youth-awards/ for more application and program information, previous winners, and photos of past events.

Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities

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Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities Evaluation Form State: ___________ Grade Level: ___________ Number of Students: __________ 1. Did you conduct all of the activities in the guide?



Yes



2. Were the instructions clear and easy to follow?



Yes



3. Did the activities meet your academic objectives?



Yes



4. Were the activities age appropriate?



Yes



5. Were the allotted times sufficient to conduct the activities?



Yes



6. Were the activities easy to use?



Yes



7. Was the preparation required acceptable for the activities?



Yes



8. Were the students interested and motivated?



Yes



9. Was the energy knowledge content age appropriate?



Yes



10. Would you use this guide again? Please explain any ‘no’ statement below.



Yes



How would you rate the guide overall?



excellent 

good



fair



poor

How would your students rate the guide overall?



excellent 

good

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fair



poor

What would make the guide more useful to you?

Other Comments:

Please fax or mail to: The NEED Project

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