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Water and Energy Student Guide
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PRIMARY
TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Kit Materials .................................................... 4 Correlations to National Science Standards ............... 5-6 Teacher Guide ...................................................... 7-13 Survey Answer Key ....................................................13 Science of Hydropower Model Instructions ............... 14-15 Multimeter Instructions...............................................17 The Tale of Annie Soakley ..........................................18 They’re Damming the River .................................... 19-20 Wonders of Water Assessment ...................................21 Unit Evaluation Form ..................................................22
Water and Energy was developed by The NEED Project with funding and technical support WONDERS OF WATER was developed by the NEED Project with funding and National technical Hydropower support from the from the Association and the Hydro Research Foundation. National Hydropower Association and the Hydro Research Foundation.
© 2009 THE NEED PROJECT • PO BOX 10101 • MANASSAS, VA 20108 • 1-800-875-5029
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Wonders of Water Teacher
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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy
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Date: ____________________________________________
Your Body and Energy Question: How does your body use energy?
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Date: ____________________________________________
Potential or Kinetic? Directions: Walk around your classroom and school. Look for things that have potential energy and kinetic energy. Draw a picture of the object in its potential energy state, and then in its kinetic energy state. POTENTIAL ENERGY
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KINETIC ENERGY
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Date: ____________________________________________
Investigating Solids Question: What happens when you hold a solid?
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Investigating Solids Question: What happens when you drop a solid?
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Date: ____________________________________________
Investigating Solids Question: What happens when you try to put two or more solids together?
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Investigating Liquids Question: What happens when you hold a liquid?
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Date: ____________________________________________
Investigating Liquids Question: What happens when you drop a liquid?
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Date: ____________________________________________
Investigating Liquids Question: What happens when you put two or more liquids together?
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Investigating Gases Question: What do you notice about air in a balloon that is not tied?
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Investigating Gases Question: What do you notice about air in a balloon that is tied?
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Date: ____________________________________________
Investigating Gases Question: How does a dropper work?
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Observing Ice Question: What will happen if the ice cube is left on the table? Prediction: I predict ______________________________ because ________________________________________ DATA Time: ______________
Time: ______________
Time: ______________
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Date: ____________________________________________
Ice Cube Investigation Question: How can I melt the ice cube the fastest? Prediction: I predict______________________________ because ________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Plan: Draw a picture and/or use words to show how you will melt the ice cube.
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Date: ____________________________________________
Observations: Record your observations below. Use pictures and labels. Time: ______________
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Date: ____________________________________________
Conclusion: Use words to describe what happened and why you think the ice cube melted.
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Date: ____________________________________________
Water as a Gas Question: How does water change from a liquid to a gas? Draw a picture of the model system showing how water turns into water vapor. Use the words below to label what happens.
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water
Word Bank heat
liquid
evaporate
water vapor gas
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Date: ____________________________________________
What Did You Notice? Question: How does water change from a liquid to a gas? Use words to describe how water turns into a gas. Use the words from the word bank in your explanation. Word Bank heat
water liquid
evaporate
gas
water vapor energy
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Date: ____________________________________________
Water Wheel Investigation Draw a diagram of your water wheel system. Make sure you label all of the parts. Below, use words to explain what is happening.
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Hydropower Plant
Directions: Label the parts of a hydropower plant in the boxes.
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Date: ____________________________________________
Final Reflection What was the most important thing you learned about water?
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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy
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Date: ____________________________________________
What Are You Wondering About? After learning something new, scientists often have even more questions. They will want to find the answers. • What questions about water do you still have? • How can you find the answers to your questions?
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a
b
c
Glossary
atmosphere
the layer of air that surrounds the Earth
blade
the part of a turbine that is pushed by the flowing water
cloud
a formation of water vapor in the atmosphere
condensation changing a gas into a liquid
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current
the flow of energy or flow of a substance—see ocean current
dam
a large wall built across a river to control the flow of water in the river
electricity
a form of energy; the flow of electrons
energy
the ability to do work; the power to make a change
evaporation
changing a liquid into a gas
flood
an event in which too much rain causes water to overflow river banks and move across nearby areas of land
gas
a substance without a definite shape or volume; a gas fills any container in which it is placed
gate
the part of a dam that opens and closes to control the flow of water
generator
a device that turns motion energy into electricity
gravity
the natural force of attraction between all objects in the universe; the force that pulls objects from higher places to lower places
heat
a form of energy; the amount of thermal energy in a substance
hydropower
the energy of moving water; using the energy of moving water to make electricity
ice
water in a solid state; water that has been cooled until it becomes a solid
irrigation
moving water from its natural course to water crops
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
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lake
a body of water surrounded by land
light
a form of energy; radiant energy; energy that travels in rays
liquid
a substance with a definite volume, but not a definite shape; a liquid takes the shape of the container in which it is placed
melting
changing a solid into a liquid
motion
a form of energy; kinetic energy; movement
nonrenewable energy source
an energy source that is not replenished quickly and takes millions of years to form such as fossil fuels and uranium
ocean
a very large body of salty water
ocean current
the flow of water through the ocean, caused by different temperatures of the water in the ocean
penstock
a large pipe in a hydropower dam through which water flows to a turbine
pollution
when a substance causes harm to the environment
potential energy
energy stored in an object; energy that an object has because of its position
power lines
wires that carry electricity from one place to another
power plant
a facility where sources of energy are used to generate electricity by moving a turbine generator
precipitation
solid or liquid water falling from a cloud onto the Earth
renewable energy source
an energy source that is replenished in a short time such as water, wind, or solar energy
reservoir
a lake formed behind a dam
river
a large flowing body of fresh water that flows into another river or an ocean
solar energy
radiant energy from the sun
solid
an object or substance with a definite shape and size
steam
water as a gas; water vapor
stream
a creek; a small flow of water
sugar
an energy-rich substance made by plants
tide
a change in the water level of the ocean at the shore, caused by the gravitational pull of the moon
©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy
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turbine
the part of a hydropower plant that captures the energy of flowing water and uses the energy to power a generator
volume
a measure of the space occupied by a liquid
water
the most abundant liquid on Earth; often referred to as H2O
water cycle
the movement of water through the atmosphere and across the Earth
water vapor
water in a gaseous state; steam; water that has been heated until it becomes a gas
water wheel
a device to harness the energy of moving water to do work, such as grind grain
wave
the movement of water caused by the wind
work
using a force to move an object across a distance; anything that requires energy to make a change
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Games, Puzzles, and Activities Looking for some fun energy activities? There are plenty of fun games, puzzles, and activities available at www.NEED.org/need-students/games-puzzles-activities/.
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National Sponsors and Partners Adapt2 Solutions Alaska Electric Light & Power Company American Electric Power Foundation American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers Arizona Sustainability Alliance Armstrong Energy Corporation Robert L. Bayless, Producer, LLC Baltimore Gas & Electric Berkshire Gas - Avangrid BG Group/Shell BP America Inc. Blue Grass Energy Bob Moran Charitable Giving Fund Boys and Girls Club of Carson (CA) Buckeye Supplies Cape Light Compact–Massachusetts Central Alabama Electric Cooperative CLEAResult Clover Park School District Clovis Unified School District Colonial Pipeline ComEd Confluence ConocoPhillips Constellation Delmarva Power Dominion Energy, Inc. Dominion Energy Charitable Foundation DonorsChoose Duke Energy Duke Energy Foundation East Baton Rouge Parish Schools East Kentucky Power EcoCentricNow EDP Renewables EduCon Educational Consulting Enel Green Power North America Eugene Water and Electric Board Eversource Exelon Exelon Foundation Exelon Generation Foundation for Environmental Education FPL The Franklin Institute George Mason University – Environmental Science and Policy Georgia Power Gerald Harrington, Geologist Government of Thailand–Energy Ministry Green Power EMC Greenwired, Inc.
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Pepco Performance Services, Inc. Permian Basin Petroleum Museum Phillips 66 PNM PowerSouth Energy Cooperative Providence Public Schools Quarto Publishing Group Prince George’s County Office of Sustainable Energy (MD) Renewable Energy Alaska Project Rhoades Energy Rhode Island Office of Energy Resources Rhode Island Energy Efficiency and Resource Management Council Salal Foundation/Salal Credit Union Salt River Project Salt River Rural Electric Cooperative C.T. Seaver Trust Secure Futures, LLC Shell Shell Carson Shell Chemical Shell Deer Park Singapore Ministry of Education SMECO SMUD Society of Petroleum Engineers South Carolina Energy Office SunTribe Solar Tri-State Generation and Transmission TXU Energy United Way of Greater Philadelphia and Southern New Jersey Unitil University of Kentucky University of Louisville University of Maine University of North Carolina University of Rhode Island University of Tennessee University of Texas Permian Basin University of Wisconsin – Platteville U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy–Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy - Water Power Technologies Office U.S. Department of Energy–Wind for Schools U.S. Energy Information Administration United States Virgin Islands Energy Office We Care Solar