ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023) American National Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spa... by thePHTA

ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023)

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Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas

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Approved December 20, 2013 Reaffirmation Approved June 6, 2023

American National Standard for

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ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023)

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Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas

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SECRETARIAT:

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The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance 2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA 22314 703 838-0083 www.PHTA.org

Approved December 20, 2013 Reaffirmation Approved June 6, 2023 American National Standards Institute

American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standard developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.

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Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved this standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

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NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard.

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Important Notice about this Document

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This voluntary standard has been developed under the published procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The ANSI process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus.

The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA) does not write the standards. Rather, PHTA facilitates a forum for its members, and others interested in pool and spa design and safety, to develop standards through the consensus procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). While PHTA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its codes and standards.

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In issuing and making this document available, PHTA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is PHTA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. PHTA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication of, use of, or reliance on this document.

PHTA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. PHTA does not list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to PHTA. Any certification of products stating compliance with requirements of this document is the sole responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. PHTA, its members, and those participating in its activities do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions given herein, for any restrictions imposed on materials, or for the accuracy and completeness of the text.

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Copyright ©2023 by The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transcribed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means or method, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without advance written permission from the publisher: The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695. The APSP The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals® word mark and the APSP logo are trademarks of The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals registered in the U.S. The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance® word mark and logo are registered trademarks of The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals d/b/a Pool & Hot Tub Alliance registered in the U.S.

Foreword This Foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

The ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023) American National Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas was approved by ANSI on June 6, 2023.

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This standard is a reaffirmation of ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 American National Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas.

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The objective of this voluntary standard is to provide recommended minimum guidelines for the design, equipment, operation, and installation of permanently installed residential spas and swim spas. It also is intended to assist government and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of criteria for permanently installed residential spas and swim spas.

The design requirements and construction practices in this standard are based upon sound engineering principles, research and field experience that, when applied properly, contribute to the delivery and installation of a safe product.

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The words “safe” and “safety” are not absolutes. While the goal of this standard is to design and construct a safe, enjoyable product, it is recognized that risk factors cannot, as a practical matter, be reduced to zero in any human activity. This standard does not replace the need for good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool, spa, swim spa or portable spa by others, owners must consider the skill, attitude, training and experience of the expected user.

As with any product, the specific recommendations for installation and use provided by the manufacturer should be carefully observed.

This standard was prepared by the APSP-3 Writing Committee of the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals (APSP) in accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards.

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Consensus approval was achieved by a ballot of the balanced APSP Standards Consensus Committee and through an ANSI Public Review process. The ANSI Public Review provided an opportunity for additional input from indus-try, academia, regulatory agencies, safety experts, state code and health officials, and the public at large.

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Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be sent to the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314.

This standard is published in partnership with the International Code Council (ICC). ICC develops and publishes the International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC), which are adopted as the basis for the building codes used in most states and jurisdictions within the United States. Additionally, PHTA and ICC have collaborated to develop the first comprehensive model swimming pool and spa code, known as the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code. This landmark document incorporates and references material from ANSI/PHTA standards and ICC’s model codes, to create a stand-alone code that is consistent with codes and standards from both organizations. These codes and standards are the result of a joint effort between ICC and PHTA as a service to both the swimming pool and spa community, and building code professionals. It is the hope of both organizations that they will lead to enhanced safety for pool and spa users around the world.

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ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023) In accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) procedures, this document will be reviewed periodically. The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance welcomes your comments and suggestions, and continues to review all APSP and PHTA standards.

Organizations Represented Consensus approval in accordance with ANSI procedures was achieved by ballot of the following APSP Standards Consensus Committee. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.

APSP-3 Writing Committee

Swim, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dan Johnson, Chair

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All American Custom Pools & Spas, Inc . . . John Romano Custom Pools, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scott Heusser Gary Pools, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leif Zars Hayward Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John O’Hare HornerXpress South Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . Bill Kent Master Spas Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nathan Coelho Rosebrook Carefree Pools, Inc . . . . . . . . . . John Bently Trilogy Pools Div. of Viking Pools LCC . . . . . Ted Baudendistel S.R. Smith, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bill Svendsen Van Kirk & Sons, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Cesarone

APSP Staff Bernice Crenshaw, Director, Technical and Standards Carvin DiGiovanni, Senior Director, Technical and Standards

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General Interest American Hotel & Lodging Association . . . . Tony Mendez American Red Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connie Harvey Chesapeake Aquatic Consultants, LLC . . . . Frank Goldstein Con-Serv Associates Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wally James Conroe Independent School District, TX . . . Louis Sam Fruia Don Witte, Consultant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Witte National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florence Higgins Walt Disney Parks and Resorts . . . . . . . . . . Michael Beatty World Waterpark Association . . . . . . . . . . . Rick Root YMCA of the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Albert Tursi

Bradford Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rick Merrifield CMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Angelo Pugliese Horner Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard Mosely International Code Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lee Clifton JMK Plastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jeff McGalliard Latham International. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mike Tinkler Master Spas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nathan Coelho Newport Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lee West Pentair Water Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steve Barnes Pool Chlor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kim Skinner Preferred Pool Corp.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Billy E. Irvin SR Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . William Svendson The Pool & Spa Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John Migliaccio Tropical Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adam Alstott Trilogy Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ted Baudendistal Watkins Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael McCague Don Witte, Consultant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Witte U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Mark Eilbert * non-voting

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Producers

Government/User

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City of Goodyear, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ed Kulik City of Martinsville, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kris Bridges City of Mount Dora, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tom Allen City of Plaud, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomas Vyles County of Sacramento, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colleen Maitoza Illinois Department of Public Health . . . . . . Justin DeWitt International Code Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lee Clifton New Jersey Dept. of Community Affairs Division of Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . Thomas Pitcherello Oregon Public Health Division . . . . . . . . . . Stephen Keifer Washington State Dept. of Health . . . . . . . Paul Reeves

Contents Appendices

Velocity Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10 Maximum Flow Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11

Figures

Velocity in different pipe sizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10

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B-1 B-2

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Tables

Scope and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 General design criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Plans and Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Structure and design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Dimensional design and tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Circulation systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pumps and motors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Inlets and outlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Surface skimmer systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Electrical requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Air blower and air induction systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Heaters and temperature requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Water supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Waste water disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Sanitizing, oxidation equipment and chemical feeders. . . . 11 Safety features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Chemical Operational Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Velocity Limits in APSP Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10 Spa Use Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-12 Use of Ozone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13 Use of Elemental Chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-14 Entrapment Avoidance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16 Metric Conversion Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 Sources of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18

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A B C D E F G H

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American National Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

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ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023)

Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas The materials of manufacture shall be capable of fulfilling the design, installation, and intended use guidelines in this standard. If the materials of manufacture, components and accessories used in permanently installed residential spas or swim spas consist of the following, these standards shall be applicable.

1 Scope and definitions

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1.1 This standard is intended to cover permanently installed residential spas and swim spas and not public spas, swim spas or factory built residential portable spas, swim spas that are used for bathing and are operated by an owner. In this type of spa the heater and water circulating equipment are not an integral part of the product. The spa is intended as a permanent fixture, and is not intended to be moved.

Concrete Slab: ACI 302.1R-04, Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction 1 Plastic Spa Shells: ANSI Z124.7-97, Pre-fabricated Plastic Spa Shells 2 Tile: IAPMO IS-2-2003, Tile Lined Roman Bathtubs 3 Stainless Steel: ASTM-A240, Type 316 Stainless Steel 4 Pipe Copper Tubing: ASTM B 88-2003: Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube 5 ASTM B 88 447-07: Standard Specification for Welded Copper Tube 6 Plastic Piping and Tubing: ABS: ASTM D 1527-99 (2005) Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 7 PVC: ASTM D1785-06 Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120 8 PVC Hose: IAPMO PS-33-09, Standard Specification for Flexible Hose for Pools, Hot Tubs, Spas and Jetted Bathtubs 9 CPVC: ASTM D2846 / D2846M-09 Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and ColdWater Distribution Systems 10 PB: ASTM D3309-96a (R2002) Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems 11 Steel Pipe, Galvanized: ASTM A53m-07, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless 12 Plastic Fittings: ABS: ASTM D2235-04, Specification for Solvent Cements for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings 13 PVC: ASTM D 2564 2004 Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems 14 CPVC: ASTM F493-04, Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings 15 Soldered Joints: IAPMO IS 3-2006 Installation Standard for Copper Plumbing Tube‚ Pipe‚ and Fittings 16 IAPMO IS 21-2006 Installation Standard for Welded Copper and Copper Alloy Water Tube 17 (continued)

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NOTE: For the purpose of this standard, the use of the term spa refers to a “permanently installed residential spa or swim spa.”

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1.2 A permanently installed residential swim spa, also known as an exercise spa, is any swim spa other than a factory built residential portable spa or public spa consisting of a large unobstructed volume of water that allows the 99th percentile man to swim (see Section 5.1.4). The design and construction of a permanently installed residential swim spa includes specific features and equipment to produce a water flow intended to allow recreational physical activity including, but not limited to, swimming in place. Permanently installed residential swim spas may include peripheral jetted seats intended for water therapy, heater, circulation and filtration system, or may be a separate distinct portion of a combination spa/swim spa and may have separate controls.

1.3 This standard is not meant to cover public spas or public swim spas, factory built residential portable spas or swim spas or other spas, such as those operated for medical treatment, physical therapy or other purposes.

1.4 This standard is meant to cover certain aspects of the design, equipment, operation, installation, new construction, remodeling and renovation of spas and swim spas. This standard shall be met notwithstanding certain variations in equipment, materials, and design.

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1.5 Normative references. The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the latest published editions of the standards indicated in Section 2.1.

1. American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331, (248) 848-3800, www.concrete.org 2. American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, www.ansi.org 3, 9, 16, 17. International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials, 4755 East Philadelphia Street, Ontario, California 91761, 909-472-4100, iapmo.org 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, (610) 832-9585, www.astm.org

ANSI/APSP-11 American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas, and APSP, 2013 Workmanship Guidelines and Practices for Residential Inground Swimming Pools, Spas and Swim Spas

Threaded Joints: ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983 (R2001) Pipe Threads, General Purpose (in.) 18 Accessories and Components Suction Fittings: ANSI/APSP16-2011, Standard for Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs 19 Couplings or Hose: ASTM C564-08, or equivalent SAE J20e Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 20 Pumps/Motors: NEMA MG1 2008, Motors, and Generators 21 UL 1081-08 Standard for Safety Swimming Pool Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators 22 Spa Heaters: UL 1261-2006, Electric Water Heaters for Pools and Tubs 23 ANSI Z 21.56 2013, Gas Fired Pool Heaters 24 UL 1995 - Standard for Heating and Cooling Equipment 25 Circulation Systems Components: NSF/ANSI 50-2012 Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Other Recreational Water Facilities 26 Equipment: UL 1563-2009 Standard for Electric Spas, Equipment Assemblies, and Associated Equipment 27 Water Supply: ANSI A112.1.2-2012, Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems 28 Foam: ANSI/UL 94-2011, Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances 29 Air Induction Systems: UL 1563-2009 Standard for Electric Spas, Equipment Assemblies, and Associated Equipment 30 Entrapment Avoidance: ANSI/APSP/ICC-7, 2013 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins 31 ANSI/APSP-16, 2011 Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs 32

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1.7 Workmanship. All work shall be performed in accordance with the latest published edition of APSP Workmanship Guidelines and Practices for Residential Inground Swimming Pools, Spas and Swim Spas.

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1.8 Definitions Alteration: See Remodel, Renovate. Drain: A suction outlet, comprising a fitting, fitting assembly, cover/grate, and related components that provide a localized low-pressure area for the transfer of water from spa or swim spa (See Suction outlet). Dynamic head: The sum of the total resistance caused by friction and/or changes in elevation, of the water flow through the entire circulation system that the pump has to overcome to achieve the necessary flow rate. EPA-registered product: A product bearing the EPA stamp indicating that it meets EPA standards for efficacy, human health and safety, environmental impact, use instructions, and product labeling. All products that claim to kill or control bacteria, algae, etc., are required to be registered. Remodel: To install cosmetic changes, accessory add-ons, alterations, or modernizations to an existing installation. (See Renovate.) Renovate: To restore or repair all or part of a spa or swim spa structure and/or its component parts, including the rebuilding and/or replacing of worn or broken parts. (See Remodel.) Slip-Resisting: A surface that has been so treated or constructed to significantly reduce the chance of a user slipping. The surface shall not be an abrasion hazard. Suction outlet: A submerged aperture or fitting, other than a skimmer, on the sidewall or bottom of a spa or swim spa through which water under negative pressure (vacuum) is drawn from the spa to the pump or circulation system. Suction piping (influent): Piping that is connected to the suction side of the pump. Waterline: The waterline shall be defined in one of the following ways: 1. Skimmer system: The waterline shall be at the midpoint of the operating range of the skimmers when there are no users in a spa or swim spa. 2. Overflow system: The waterline shall be at the top of the overflow rim.

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1.6 Other standards are referenced in this standard for items not covered. ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 Standard for Public Swimming Pools ANSI/APSP-2 Standard for Public Spas and Swim Spas ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Swimming Pools ANSI/APSP/ICC-5 Standard for Residential Inground Swimming Pools ANSI/APSP/ICC-6 Standard for Residential Portable Spas and Swim Spas ANSI/APSP-9 Aquatic Recreation Facilities

18. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 3 Park Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10016, (212) 591-8562, www.asme.org 19, 31, 32. The Association of Pool and Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314, (703) 838-0083, www.APSP.org 20. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, (610) 832-9585, www.astm.org 21. National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Arlington, VA 22209, (703) 841-3200, www.nema.org 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30. Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062, (847) 272-8800, www.ul.com 24, 28. American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, www.ansi.org 26. NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 (734) 769-8010, www.nsf.org ©2023 The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance

4.5 Direct sunlight. Manufacturer’s spa or swim spa shell specifications shall be followed for providing a means to protect the spa or swim spa from direct sunlight exposure when not in use.

2 General Design Criteria 2.1 Materials of components and accessories. The materials of components and accessories used for permanently installed inground residential spas and swim spas shall be compatible with the environment in which they are installed. The materials shall be capable of fulfilling the design, installation, and the intended use requirements in this standard.

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4.6 Slip-resisting surface. The surfaces within the spa or swim spa intended to provide footing for users shall be slip-resisting. The texture of such surfaces shall not cause injury during normal use. 4.7 Colors, patterns or finishes. The colors, patterns, or finishes of the spa or swim spa interior shall not obscure the existence or presence of objects or surfaces within the spa or swim spa.

2.2 Selection of materials. The selection of materials, manufactured components, accessories, and construction processes shall be such that external surfaces and edges that are exposed to the user are arranged and finished so that they will not constitute a cutting, pinching, puncturing, or abrasion hazard.

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4.8 Roof or canopies. Solid roofs or canopies over spas or swim spas shall be constructed so that water run-off does not drain into the spa or swim spa.

2.2.1 Materials shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturer's specifications.

5 Dimensional design and tolerances

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2.3 Compatibility. Assemblies of different materials shall be chemically and mechanically compatible for their intended use and environment.

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5.1 Shape. This standard is not intended to regulate the shape of the spa or swim spa. It is the designer’s responsibility to take into account the effect a given shape will have on the safety of the occupants, and that the minimum required level of circulation will be maintained to ensure sanitation.

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3.1 Approval by state or local authority. Prior to construction, remodeling, renovation, or alteration of a permanently installed residential spa or swim spa, plans and specifications shall be submitted as required by the state or local authority having jurisdiction for review, approval, and issuance of permit.

3 Plans and Permits

5.1.1 There shall be no protrusions, extensions, and means of entanglement, or other obstructions in the bathing area which can cause the entrapment or injury of the user. 5.1.2 The designed waterline shall have a maximum construction tolerance at the time of completion of the work of ±1/4 in. (±6 mm) for spas or swim spas with adjustable weir surface skimming systems, and ±1/8 in. (±3 mm) for spas or swim spas with nonadjustable surface skimming systems.

4 Structure and design

5.1.3 There shall be a construction tolerance on all other dimensional designs. The overall length, width, and depth in the deep area shall be limited to a tolerance of ± 2 in. (± 51 mm).

3.2 Inspection: The spa or swim spa owner or builder shall notify the authority having jurisdiction at specific, predetermined stages of construction and at the time of completion of the spa to permit inspections as may be required by the authority having jurisdiction.

4.1 Structural design. The structural design and materials used shall be in accordance with accepted structural engineering practices and methods.

5.1.4 Human measurement for swim spa. The design shall allow for dimensions that allow the 99th percentile male to swim utilizing swimjets for an aquatic workout, per The Measures of Man and Woman by Alvin R. Tilley, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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4.2 Installation. Spa or swim spa equipment shall be supported to prevent damage from misalignment, settling, etc., and located in such a manner to allow access for inspection, servicing, removal, and repair of component parts.

5.2 Water depth. The maximum water depth shall be 4 ft (122 cm) except swim spas, where the maximum water depth shall be 6 ft (183 cm), measured from the waterline.

4.3 Sand or earth. Sand or earth shall not be used as an interior finish in a residential spa or swim spa. 4.4 Freezing. In climates subject to freezing temperatures, the spa or swim spa shell shall be so designed and constructed to protect it from structural damage due to freezing.

EXCEPTIONS: Spas and swim spas that are designed for a special purpose and approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

5.3 Multi-level seating. Multi-level seating may be provided, but the maximum water depth of any seat or sitting bench shall be 28 in. (71 cm) measured from the waterline.

5.6.2.2 All risers at the centerline, except for the bottom riser, shall have a maximum uniform height of 12 in. (305 mm). 5.6.2.3 The bottom riser height is allowed to vary to the floor.

5.4 Handholds. The spa or swim spa shall be provided with a suitable handhold around its perimeter in areas where water depths exceed 3 ft 6 in. (107 cm). Handholds shall be provided no further apart than 4 ft (122 cm) and shall consist of any one or a combination of the options listed in Section 5.4.1.

5.6.2.4 Intermediate risers (those between the first and last risers) shall be uniform in height.

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5.6.2.5 The vertical distance from the spa or swim spa coping, deck, or step surface to the uppermost tread shall be a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm).

5.4.1 Suitable handholds shall consist of coping, ladders, steps, secured rope or railing, ledges, seat ledges, radiused flanges, or decks located along the immediate top edge of the spa or swim spa. A handhold shall have a slip-resisting surface and be located at a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) above the waterline.

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5.6.2.6 When stairs are located in water depths over 48 in. (1.2 m), the lowest tread shall be no less than 48 in. (1.2 m) below the deck.

5.6.2.7 Handrails, when used, shall be installed so they cannot be removed without the use of tools.

5.6.2.8 Seats or benches are not prohibited from being a part of the steps.

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5.5 Floor Slope. Floor slopes shall be in compliance with Sections 5.5.1 through 5.5.3, except where required by the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG).

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5.6.3 Ladders. The design and construction of spa or swim spa ladder(s), where used, shall conform to Sections 5.6.3.1 through 5.6.3.6.

NOTE: For ADA requirements, see U.S. ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). (For more information on the U.S. Department of Justice Americans with Disabilities Act, visit the ADA web site at www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/ adahom1.htm. 5.5.1 The slope of the floor shall not exceed 1 ft in 12 ft (1:12).

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5.6.3.1 Spa or swim spa ladder(s) shall be made entirely of corrosion-resisting materials.

5.5.2 EXCEPTION. For swim spas, the slope of the floor from the shallow end wall towards the deep area shall not exceed 1 ft in 7 ft (1:7) to the point of the first slope change.

5.6.3.5 Below the water level, there shall be a clearance of not more than 6 in. (152 mm) nor less than 3 in. (76 mm) between any ladder’s tread edge, measured from the spa or swim spa wall side of the tread and the spa or swim spa wall.

5.6 Steps, seats, recessed steps, ladders, and recessed treads 5.6.1 Entry/exit. Steps, seats, ladders, or recessed treads in the spa or swim spa shall be provided for entry and exit where water depths are greater than 24 in. (61 cm).

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5.6.3.6 The clear spread between ladder handrails shall be a minimum of 17 in. (43 cm) and a maximum of 24 in. (61 cm). 5.6.4 Recessed treads. The design and construction of recessed treads, where provided, in spas or swim spas shall conform to Sections 5.6.4.1 through 5.6.4.5.

5.6.2 Steps. The design and construction of steps into the spa or swim spa in either shallow or deep water, including recessed stairs and seat benches, where used, shall conform to Sections 5.6.2.1 through 5.6.2.8.

5.6.3.3 Ladder(s) shall be provided with two (2) handholds / handrails. 5.6.3.4 The outside diameter of a ladder rail shall be between a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm).

5.5.3 EXCEPTION. For swim spas, the slope of the floor from the point of the first slope change toward the deep end shall not exceed 1 ft in 3 ft (1:3).

5.6.4.1 Recessed treads at the centerline shall have a uniform vertical spacing of 12 in. (305 mm) maximum and 7 in. (178 mm) minimum.

5.6.2.1 Treads shall have a minimum unobstructed horizontal depth of 10 in. (254 mm) and a minimum unobstructed walking surface area of 240 sq in. (1548 cm2).

5.6.3.2 Ladder treads shall have slip-resisting surfaces.

5.6.4.2 Vertical distance between the spa and swim spa coping edge, deck, or step surface and the uppermost recessed tread shall be a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm).

5.6.4.3 Recessed treads shall have a minimum depth of 5 in. (127 mm) and a minimum width of 12 in. (305 mm).

6.3.2 Typical slopes for the immediate decking (the area from the water’s edge to the point of first drainage) are:

5.6.4.4 Recessed treads shall drain into the spa or swim spa to prevent the accumulation of dirt and shall be slip-resisting.

• 1⁄8 in. per 1 ft (1:96) shall be provided for textured, hand finished concrete decks; • 1⁄4 in. per 1 ft (1:48) for exposed aggregate concrete decks;

5.6.4.5 Each set of recessed treads shall be provided with a set of handrails / grabrails / handholds to serve all treads and risers.

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• 1⁄2 in. per 1 ft (1:24) for in-door/outdoor carpeted concrete decks, unless an alternative drainage method is provided.

6. Decks

6.3.3 Expansion or control joints shall be provided to help control cracks due to expansion, contraction, and movement of the slab.

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6.1 General requirements. There is no requirement to provide decking around a spa and a swim spa. 6.1.1 Deck(s), when provided, shall be designed and installed in accordance with local construction practices and applicable building codes for the decking type and the site condition.

6.4. Wooden or Composite Board Decks

6.4.1 There is no minimum slope requirement for wooden or composite board decks. The maximum slope for wooden or composite board decks shall be 1⁄4 in. per ft (1:48).

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6.1.2 All deck surfaces, when provided, shall be of slip resisting materials, including, but not limited to, special deck features such as markers and brand insignias.

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6.4.2 Expansion gaps shall be required between deck boards and shall be consistent with good construction practices with respect to the type of wood used.

6.1.3 Deck(s), when provided, shall be installed to protect the coping tile and its mortar bed from damage as a result of deck movement.

6.5 Stone, brick, brick pavers, concrete pavers, and tile decks

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6.1.4 Deck(s), when provided, shall be edged, radiused, or otherwise relieved to eliminate sharp corners. 6.2 Drainage

6.6 Deck steps

6.2.1 Deck(s) shall be sloped to effectively drain away from the spa or swim spa towards the deck drains.

6.6.1 Step risers for the deck shall be uniform and have a maximum height of 7½ in. (191 mm). The minimum tread depth shall be 10 in. (254 mm).

EXCEPTION: Wet deck areas.

6.5.1 Installation of these types of decks shall follow local accepted construction practices. Drainage slope requirements shall be in accordance with the drainage requirements of Sections 6.1.1 through 6.6.1.

6.2.2. A minimum slope for decking of 1⁄8 in. per ft (1:96) shall be provided, except for wood or composite board decking provided with spacing between boards.

7 Circulation systems 7.1 Compliance. Circulation systems, components, and equipment shall comply with the latest published editions of ANSI/NSF 50 and ANSI/APSP/ICC-7.

6.2.3 Site drainage shall direct all perimeter deck drainage, general site, and roof drainage away from the spa or swim spa area.

7.2 Complete circulation. A circulation system consisting of pumps, piping, return inlets, outlets, filters, and other necessary equipment shall be provided for circulation of water throughout the spa or swim spa and shall be located as to prevent them from being used as a means of access to the spa or swim spa. (continued)

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6.2.4 Backwash water that depends on surface drainage for removal must be diverted away from the adjacent deck area.

6.3 Concrete decks

6.3.1 Work for the concrete deck(s) shall be performed in accordance with the local construction practices and the recommendations of the latest published edition of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) standard 302.1R-04, Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction.

7.2.1 The system shall be designed to turn over the entire spa or swim spa water capacity at a minimum of once every hour, based on the manufacturer’s specified rate of the filter, in a clean media condition of the filter. Water clarity shall be maintained (see Appendix A). When standing at any position on the spa or swim spa edge, the deepest portion of the spa or swim spa floor shall be visible when the water is in an undisturbed condition.

7.6.1 A pump and motor shall be provided for circulation of the spa or swim spa water. Performance of all pumps shall meet or exceed the conditions of flow required for filtering and cleaning (if applicable) the filters against the total dynamic head developed by the complete system.

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7.7 Piping and fittings. The circulation system piping and fittings shall be considered process piping, made of material compatible with spa water and able to withstand operating pressures of 1.5 times the design working pressure of the spa jets.

NOTE: Clarity is a function of proper filtration and maintenance of proper chemical operation parameters.

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7.7.2 Equipment shall be designed and fabricated to drain the spa or swim spa water from the equipment and exposed face piping, by the removal of the drain plugs and manipulating valves, or by other methods. Refer to manufacturer’s instructions for specific information on draining the system.

7.7.3 Valves installed in or under any deck(s) shall be provided with an adequately sized access cover and valve pit to facilitate operation and servicing.

7.3.1 Spa or swim spa equipment and components shall be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and shall be properly supported to prevent damage from misalignment, settlement or operational movement. The equipment shall be mounted so as to minimize the potential for the accumulation of debris and moisture, following manufacturer’s specifications, and shall be located so as to prevent them from being used as a means of access to the spa or swim spa by young children.

7.7.1 The suction piping shall not collapse when there is a complete shutoff of flow on the suction side of the pump.

7.3 Circulation system components. Components that require servicing shall be accessible for inspection and repair and shall be installed according to the manufacturer’s specifications.

7.8 Pressure or vacuum gauge. A pressure or vacuum gauge or other means of indicating system conditions shall be provided in the circulation system in an easily readable location.

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7.3.2 Temperature. In climates subject to freezing temperature, the appurtenances, piping, filter system, pump and motor, and other components shall be designed and constructed to protect them from damage due to freezing.

7.9 Maintenance and instructions. Written operation and maintenance specifications shall be provided or owner’s manual for all the manufactured components that are part of the circulation systems shall be provided to the spa or swim spa owner.

7.4 Pressure test of circulation system piping. Circulation system piping, other than that integrally included in the manufacture of the spa or swim spa, shall be subject to an induced static hydraulic pressure test (sealed system with air purged at 25 psi (pounds /sq. in.) (1.76 kg./sq. cm, or 172.37 kPa) for 30 minutes or at the test condition specified by the authority having jurisdiction. This test shall be performed before the deck is poured and the pressure shall be maintained until the deck is poured or installed.

8 Filters

8.1 Filters shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory and shall comply with latest published edition of ANSI/NSF 50.

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8.2 All filter elements, media, and other components that require servicing shall be accessible for inspection, removal, and repair, and be installed in accordance with the filter manufacturer’s instructions.

7.5 Swimjet systems for spas and swim spas

7.5.1 If the swim jet system is an integral part of the filtration system, it shall meet the guidelines of Section 7.

8.3 Release of accumulated air pressure. Pressure type filters shall provide an automatic internal or a manual external means to release accumulated air pressure inside the tank.

7.6 Water velocity. The water velocity in the spa, swim spa piping shall not exceed 8 feet per second (8 fps) (244 cps) for both suction and pressure piping and shall comply with the latest published editions of ANSI/ APSP/ICC-7 and ANSI/APSP-16. (See also Appendix B.)

8.3.1 Filter tanks composed of an upper lid and lower tank body that are held together by a perimeter clamp, shall provide for a slow and safe release of pressure inside the filter before the clamp disengages the lids.

9.4 On pressure filter systems, a cleanable strainer or screen shall be provided between the spas or swim spa and circulation pump(s) to remove solids, debris, hair, and lint. 9.5 Access to the pump(s) and motor(s) shall be provided for inspection and service.

8.3.2 Any separation tank used in conjunction with any filter tank shall have as a part of its design an air release, lid, or manual means, which provides a slow and safe release of pressure as it is opened.

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9.6 Pump(s) and component parts shall be installed to provide access to but not pose a hazard to the operator or maintenance personnel.

8.4 Maintenance instructions. Pressure filters and separation tanks shall have operation and maintenance instructions permanently installed and clearly visible on the filter. It shall include a precautionary statement warning not to start up the system after maintenance without first properly reassembling the filter or separation tank then opening the air release.

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9.7 Where a mechanical pump seal is provided, components of the seal shall be corrosion resisting and capable of operating under conditions normally encountered in a spa or swim spa operation.

9.8 Motor(s) shall be capable of operating the pump under full load with a voltage variation of ±10% from the nameplate rating. If the maximum service factor of the motor is exceeded (at full voltage), the manufacturer shall indicate this on the pump curve.

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9.10 When the pump is below the waterline, an accessible means of shut-off of the suction and discharge piping to and from the pump shall be provided for maintenance and removal of the pump. If valves are used they shall be accessible for operation, service and maintenance.

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8.7 Time clock/related devices. Time clocks and/or other devices are permitted to be used to set the operating period of the circulation system and its components. The circulation system shall be capable of supporting water clarity and water chemistry requirements (see Appendix A).

9.9 All motors shall have thermal, current, or electronic overload protection.

8.6 Pressure or vacuum gauge. A pressure or vacuum gauge or other means of indicating system conditions shall be provided in the circulation system in an easily readable location.

8.5 Piping. Piping furnished with the filter shall be made of suitable material capable of withstanding 1.5 times the rated maximum working pressure of the pump.

10 Inlets and outlets 10.1 Entrapment avoidance. The submerged suction piping and fittings shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP/ICC-7.

8.7.1 When appurtenant devices such as chemical / disinfectant feeders, heaters, and other devices that depend on circulation pump flow are used, they shall be permanently wired into the time clock (when applicable). See manufacturer’s specifications.

10.2 Testing and certification. Submerged outlet(s) other than skimmers, when used, shall be sized and installed in accordance with the latest published editions of ANSI/APSP/ICC-7 and ANSI/APSP-16.

9 Pumps and motors

10.3 Water velocity. Water velocity through the openings of submerged cover/outlets shall comply with the latest editions of ANSI/APSP/ICC-7 and ANSI/APSP-16.

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9.1 Pumps shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory and shall comply with the latest published edition of NSF/ANSI 50.

10.4 Performance. Inlets and outlet(s) shall be provided and arranged to produce a uniform circulation of water and maintain the distribution of sanitizer residual throughout the spa or swim spa.

9.2 Pumps shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/UL 1081.

9.3 A pump and motor shall be provided for the circulation of the spa or swim spa water. Performance of all pumps shall meet or exceed the conditions of flow required for filtering and cleaning (if applicable) the filters against the total dynamic head developed by the complete system.

10.5 Number of inlets. Return inlet fittings shall be of sufficient size or quantity to allow for a designed turnover rate of the circulation system. Therapy jets shall be allowed to serve the function of return inlets.

10.6 Inlets and outlets from the circulation system shall be designed so as not to constitute a hazard to the user.

11.4.1 The overflow system shall be capable of handling 100 percent of the circulation flow.

10.7 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: To avoid serious injury or death, close the spa or swim spa to bathers if any outlet cover/grate is missing, broken, or inoperative. There is no backup for missing or damaged outlet cover/grates for all five (5) entrapment hazards:

12 Electrical requirements

12.1 Electrical components. Electrical components installed in and/or adjacent to an inground residential spa or swim spa shall comply with the requirements of the latest published edition of the National Electrical Code NFPA 70 (NEC ®), the authority having jurisdiction and any federal, state, or local codes. In areas where no authority has jurisdiction, the latest published NEC and any federal, state, or local codes shall apply.

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• hair entrapment • limb entrapment • body entrapment • mechanical entrapment • evisceration

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(See also Appendix F.)

12.2 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: Grounding and Bonding. To reduce the hazard of electrical shock, the requirements for grounding and bonding as specified in NFPA 70 (NEC ) are particularly important and shall be adhered to.

10.8 When provided, vacuum (suction) cleaner fitting(s) shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP/ICC-7.

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10.9 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: Under no circumstances shall any submerged suction outlet be located on seating or lounge area.

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12.3 Disconnecting means. Disconnecting means shall be accessible, shall be located within sight of the electrical equipment, and shall meet the additional requirements in Sections 12.3.1 and 12.3.2 below.

10.10 Swim jet systems with hydrotherapy combination fittings

12.3.1 The maintenance disconnecting means shall be located at a minimum of 5 ft (1.52 m) horizontally from the inside walls of the spa or swim spa, unless separated from the open water by a permanently installed barrier that provides a 5 ft (1.52 m) or greater reach path, and shall be clearly labeled “MAINTENANCE DISCONNECTING SWITCH USE ONLY.” This is not an emergency switch.

10.10.1 A combination hydrotherapy fitting that incorporates a suction outlet and hydrotherapy inlet shall be designed in such a way as to avoid body entrapment, hair entrapment, and entanglement.

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11 Surface skimmer systems

11.1 Design and construction. Skimming devices shall be provided on all residential spas or swim spas, and shall be designed and constructed to skim the spa or swim spa surface when the water level is maintained within the operational parameters of the system’s rim or weir device. The weir of a spa or swim spa which spills into a pool serves the function of a skimmer.

12.3.2 For installations other than single-family dwellings, an emergency disconnecting means for the purpose of stopping the motor(s) that provide power to the recirculation system and jet system shall be installed at a point readily accessible to the users, adjacent to, within sight of the spa or swim spa, shall be located at a minimum of 5 ft (1.52 m) horizontally from the inside walls of the spa or swim spa, and shall be clearly labeled “EMERGENCY SPA SHUTOFF SWITCH.” This is an emergency switch.

11.2 Safe operation. Skimming devices shall be designed and installed so as not to constitute a hazard to the user.

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11.3 Automatic surface skimmers. Where automatic surface skimmers are used as the sole overflow system, at least one (1) surface skimmer shall be installed for each 150 square ft (13.94 m2), or fraction thereof, of water surface area.

12.4 Electrical energy supply for electrical heating appliances. Electric heating appliances shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of the National Electrical Code NFPA 70 (NEC ®), the authority having jurisdiction and any federal, state, or local codes. In areas where no authority has jurisdiction, the latest published NEC and any federal, state, or local codes shall apply.

11.3.1 The skimmer shall be capable of handling 100 percent of the circulation flow.

11.4 Perimeter surface skimmers. Where perimeter surface skimmer systems are used, they shall be connected to the circulation system with a system surge capacity of not less than 2½ gallons for each square foot (101.83 L / m2) of spa or swim spa surface.

13 Air blower and air induction systems

14 Heaters and temperature requirements

13.1 Requirements. This section pertains to all devices and systems that induce or allow air to enter the spa or swim spa either by means of a power pump, air blower or passive design.

14.1 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: Fossil fuel spa and swim spa heaters produce poisonous carbon monoxide gas as a by-product of combustion. Proper venting of exhaust gases and correct sizing of gas meters, gas supply piping, make-up air intakes, etc. is critical in preventing potential carbon monoxide gas poisoning or loss of life.

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13.2 Electrical. Any component requiring electrical connection shall be tested and certified by a third-party test lab accredited by the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) to test and certify products.

14.2 This section pertains to appliances using either fossil fuels such as natural gas, propane (LPG), or #2 fuel oil, or electric heating equipment for heating pool water.

13.3 Backflow Protection for Electrical Equipment. To prevent electrical shock hazards, all air blower systems shall have backflow protection per manufacturer’s instructions and comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/UL 1563.

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14.3 Heaters shall be tested and shall comply with the requirements of the latest published editions of ANSI Z21.56 for Gas Heaters or UL 1261 for Electric Heaters. Heat pumps shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/UL1995.

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13.4 Air intake source. Air intake sources shall not induce unfiltered outside water, dirt, or contaminants into the spa or swim spa.

14.4 Owner/operator shall routinely check the spa water to ensure that the temperature does not exceed 104 °F (40 °C). If adjustments are necessary, they shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions or by a qualified technician.

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14.5 Sizing. For efficient and economical operation, it is important that the heater be properly sized. To determine the proper size, first determine the spa surface area and capacity in gallons. Then select a heater that is properly sized for that surface area from the manufacturer’s charts.

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13.6 Make up air. When installing an air blower within an enclosure or indoors, ventilation is required. The air induction system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications or the authority having jurisdiction.

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13.5 Sizing. Powered air induction systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s sizing specifications.

13.7 Electrical supply. Air blowers shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of the National Electrical Code NFPA 70 (NEC ®), the authority having jurisdiction, and any federal, state, or local codes. In areas where no authority has jurisdiction, the latest published NEC and any federal, state, or local codes shall apply.

14.6 Installation. The heater(s) shall be installed in accordance with all federal, state, and local codes, as well as the manufacturer’s recommendations.

14.7 Support. Heaters shall be installed on a surface of sufficient structural strength to support the heater when it is full of water and operating. The heater shall be level after plumbing, gas and/or electrical connections are completed.

13.7.1 Important safety consideration. To reduce the hazard of electrical shock, requirements for grounding and bonding as specified in NFPA-70 (NEC) are particularly important and shall be adhered to.

14.8 Combustible surfaces. If a non-combustible surface is required by the heater manufacturer, it shall be placed on concrete or other accepted surface, and shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI Z21.56, or federal, state, and local codes.

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13.8 Accessibility. The air blower shall be accessible for inspection and service.

13.9 Air passages. Integral manufactured air passages shall be pressure tested at time of manufacture to provide structural integrity to a value of 1 ½ times the design working pressure.

14.9 Clearances. When installing a heater, adequate clearances shall be maintained on all sides and over the top of the unit. Clearances shall be in accordance with federal, state, or local codes, and the manufacturer’s instructions.

in a pit or enclosed area, the heater and all associated piping, valves, and controls shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of NFPA 58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code.

14.10 Ventilation. 14.10.1 Indoor spa and swim spa area shall have its own dedicated ventilation equipment. 14.10.2 All spas and their related components that are installed in an indoor environment shall comply with the latest published edition of the ventilation requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, Table 6-1, “Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone,” (Sports and Entertainment section), and federal, state or local codes.

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14.11.5 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: A gas cock shall be installed, properly sized and readily accessible outside the jacket, o stop the flow of propane (LPG) at the heater for service or emergency shutdown.

14.11.6 Electrical energy supply. Electric heating appliances shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of the National Electrical Code NFPA 70 (NEC ®), the authority having jurisdiction and any federal, state, or local codes. In areas where no authority has jurisdiction, the latest published NEC and any federal, state, or local codes shall apply.

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14.10.3 Combustion air. When installing a fossil fuel heater indoors, openings to the room are a necessity. The heater shall be installed in accordance with federal, state, or local codes and the manufacturer’s specifications.

14.11.7 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: Grounding and Bonding. The requirements for grounding and bonding in the NEC are particularly important and shall be adhered to. Water flow through the heater and any plumbing installations shall be designed and installed in compliance with the manufacturer’s specifications and local codes.

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15 Water supply 15.1 Treatment. The water supply shall be of a quality allowing adjustment to meet the water quality standards in Appendix A.

NOTE: The fireman’s switch does not protect against a manual override or a system shutdown by a power failure.

14.10.4 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: Some manufacturers recommend that the heater be turned off prior to stopping the water flow. Mechanisms such as a fireman’s switch adapted to the time clock will turn the heater off long enough for it to cool down before the time clock turns off the pump.

14.10.5 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: Heaters shall be so located as to prevent them from being used as a means of access to the pool by young children.

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15.2 Backflow. No direct mechanical connection shall be made between the potable water supply and the spa or swim spa or its appurtenances, unless it is protected against back pressure and back siphoning in a manner approved by the state, local authority, or through an air gap meeting the latest published edition of ANSI/ ASME Standard A112.1.2 or other equivalent means approved by the state or local authority.

14.11 Heating energy source

14.11.1 Natural gas energy supply. The heater gas supply piping shall comply with the manufacturer’s specifications and the latest published edition of ANSI/NFPA 54. 14.11.2 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: A gas cock shall be installed, properly sized and readily accessible outside the jacket to stop the flow of natural gas to the heater for service or emergency shutdown.

15.3 Hose use. If a hose is used to fill the spa or swim spa, the end of the hose shall not be permitted to hang inside the spa or swim spa unless the hose bibb is protected with a backflow prevention device approved by the appropriate state or local authority.

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14.11.3 Propane energy supply. Whenever a propane (LPG) appliance is installed, special attention shall be given to ensure that the storage tank, supply piping, and regulator shall be adequately sized to ensure operating fuel pressures as specified by the appliance manufacturer. Consult the fuel supply company and ensure that the system is installed in accordance with the latest published edition of NFPA-58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code.

16 Waste water disposal

16.1 Waste (e.g. backwash, acid wash, or draining) may be permitted to be discharged into a sanitary sewer through an approved air gap, into an approved subsurface disposal system, or by other means. The method selected should be in compliance with all authorities having jurisdiction.

14.11.4 IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATION: Propane gas is heavier than air, and can create an extreme hazard of explosion or suffocation. If, if the heater is installed

17 Sanitizing, oxidation equipment, and chemical feeders

18 Safety features 18.1 Residential spas and swim spas are for swimming, exercising, hydrotherapy, and wading only. No diving boards, slides, or other equipment are to be added to a residential spa or swim spa that in any way indicates that it may be used or intended for diving or sliding purposes.

17.1 Compliance. Sanitizing equipment and chemical feeders shall be capable of introducing a sufficient quantity of an EPA registered sanitizer to maintain the water in a sanitary condition. (For recommended guidelines, see Appendix A.)

18.2 Obstructions and entrapment avoidance. There shall be no obstructions that can cause the user to be entrapped or injured. Types of entrapment can include but are not limited to such things as wedge or pinch-type openings and rigid, non-giving cantilevered protrusions.

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17.2 Chemical feeders. The installation and use of chemical feeders shall comply with Sections 17.2.1through 17.2.2 and NSF/ANSI 50.

17.2.1 A chemical feed system shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.

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17.2.2 Chemical feed pumps shall be wired so they cannot operate unless there is adequate return flow to properly disperse the chemical throughout the spa or swim spa as designed.

18.3 Unauthorized access. The spa or swim spa shall be secured to protect against unauthorized access. Consult the authority having jurisdiction for barrier guidelines, and comply with the latest published editions of ANSI/APSP/ICC-8.

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17.3 Testing. Every residential spa or swim spa shall be supplied with chemical test equipment for the determination of pH, sanitizer, cyanuric acid (if used), total alkalinity temperature and calcium hardness.

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18.4 Safety literature. The spa or swim spa owner, or their representative shall be advised by the installing agent of the available publications related to spa or swim spa safety. These documents may include but are not limited to, the APSP booklets entitled: “Children Aren’t Waterproof”, “Pool and Spa Emergency Procedures for Infants and Children”, “Layers of Protection” and “The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Spa or Swim Spa.”

17.3.1 The method used in determining free chlorine shall be such that any chloramine present in the spa or swim spa does not affect the determination as referenced in Appendix A.

NOTE: Use of test strips is acceptable.

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17.4 Ozone generating equipment. The installation and use of ozone generating equipment shall comply with the manufacturer’s specifications.

NOTE: For additional safety literature, go to APSP.org.

18.5 Instructions. The installer shall provide instructions to the owner with regard to the safety, emergency and operational aspects of the spa or swim spa (See Appendix C).

17.4.1 Ozone shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA registered sanitizer and other chemical treatments to meet the chemical operating parameters in Appendix A.

17.4.3 If a distinct, pungent odor is present when the ozone generating equipment is operating, the equipment shall be shut down. The equipment shall be inspected and repaired as required per the manufacturer’s specifications.

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17.4.4 Manufacturer's specifications shall be used to determine where and how ozone shall be injected.

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Appendix A Chemical Operational Parameters This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

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These guidelines set forth the suggested operational parameters for the proper chemical treatment and maintenance of pools and spas. Applicable health department guidelines and label directions supersede these parameters. Chemical treatment alone will not produce sanitary pool and spa water. A filtration system in proper operational condition is also required to attain clear and sanitary water.

KEY APSP-1 Public Swimming Pools APSP-2 Public Spas APSP-3 Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas APSP-4 Residential Aboveground/Onground Pools

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APSP-5 Residential Inground Swimming Pools APSP-6 Residential Portable Spas APSP-9 Aquatic Recreation Facilities APSP-11 Water Quality for Public Pools and Spas

A. Sanitizer Levels

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1. Sanitizer Residual A residual of an EPA-registered sanitizer shall be present at all times and in all areas of the pool or spa. One of the following EPA-registered sanitizer systems shall be used: Chlorine; or Bromine; or PHMB; or Metal-based systems.

1. Free Chlorine, ppm Ideal

Maximum

Comments

APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-9 APSP-11

1.0

2.0−4.0

The U.S. EPA has established a maximum chlorine level of 4.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into the water. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of chlorine levels above 4.0 ppm.

APSP-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11

2.0

2.0−4.0

Minimum

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The U.S. EPA has established a maximum chlorine level of 5.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into spas. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of chlorine levels above 5.0 ppm.

23 20 c) t(

Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels. • Test kits are available for a variety of free chlorine ranges. • Free chlorine test color (DPD) may be completely or partially bleached by chlorine levels greater than 5 ppm to give a false low reading. For appropriate test kit, consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer. Regular oxidation is recommended and remedial practices may be necessary.

Standard

Public Spas and Swim spas: During hours of operation, test the water hourly, record the results, maintain the ideal range continually and shock treat at the end of the daily use period. Residential Spas and Swim spas: Maintain these levels continually during hours of operation. Test water before use. During extended use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use

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2. Combined Chlorine, ppm (High combined chlorine results in reduced sanitizer efficacy. Take remedial action to reduce combined chlorine.) 0

0.2

APSP-2 APSP-11

0.5

Signs of combined chlorine: Sharp chlorine-like odor and eye irritation (e.g., mucous membrane).

APSP-1 APSP-3 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-6 APSP-9 APSP-11

(continued)

A-1

3. Total Bromine, ppm NOTE: Refer to manufacturer’s product label for specific use concentrations. Use concentrations vary between different types of brominating compounds. Maximum

Comments

APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-9 APSP-11

1.0

2.0–3.0 Residential Pools 3.0–4.0 Public Pools

APSP-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11

2.0

2.0–4.0 Residential spas and swim spas 4.0–6.0 Public spas and swim spas

The U.S. EPA allows maximum bromine levels of up to 8.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into the water. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of bromine levels above 8.0 ppm.

• Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels. • Public swimming pools require maintenance of higher Total Bromine residuals than residential pools. • Regular oxidation is recommended. Residential: During hours of operation, maintain these levels continually. Test water before use. During extended use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use. Public: During hours of operation, maintain the ideal range continually. Test the water hourly and record results. Shock treat water after use.

Ideal

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Minimum

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Standard

30–50

Certain classes of pool chemicals or treatment processes are incompatible with PHMB sanitizer. The pool or spa owner should consult with the supplier of PHMB if there is any question about compatibility of an auxiliary chemical or process. These include, but are not limited to: • Chlorine/bromine sanitizers • Copper-based algicides • Monopersulfate (peroxymonosulfate) oxidizers • Phosphate-based chelating (metal sequestering) agents and detergents • Electrolytic chlorinators • Metal-based ionizers When used with ozone, follow manufacturer’s directions. Consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer for appropriate test kit. Regular oxidation is recommended with a compatible oxidizer, such as hydrogen peroxide.

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All facilities

4. PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide), ppm as product

5. Metal-Based System

Any metal-based system used must incorporate an EPA-registered sanitizer; follow product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements.

1. pH

7.2

7.4 – 7.6

7.8

If pH is too low: • rapid dissipation of sanitizer • plaster and concrete etching • eye discomfort • corrosion of metals • vinyl liner wrinkling If pH is too high: • low chlorine efficacy • scale formation • cloudy water • eye discomfort

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All facilities

B. Chemical Values NOTE: When operating outside the ideal ranges, an LSI calculation should be performed to ensure the water is balanced.

A-2

2. Total Alkalinity (Buffering) ppm as CaCO3*

Comments

80–100 for calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite

180

If total alkalinity is too low: • pH bounce • Corrosion tendency

100−120 for sodium dichlor, trichlor, chlorine gas and bromine compounds

180

• Increased scaling potential • pH tends to be too high or to drift upward more rapidly. * These values are based on the alkalinity from bicarbonate and carbonate only. Alkalinity should be corrected to account for cyanuric acid when used (see APSP-11, Section A 7.5).

1500 ppm greater than TDS at pool or spa start-up. (Start-up TDS includes source water TDS and any other inorganic salt added at startup or later.)

An increase in TDS may indicate an accumulation of impurities during the course of operation. Excessively high TDS (excluding the amount of sodium chloride added) may lead to hazy water and scale formation, corrosion of fixtures, and may inhibit sanitation. TDS can be reduced by partial draining and addition of fresh water. For Spas: TDS should be periodically reduced by draining. (See Section K, Water Replacement Procedure)

1000

Total alkalinity and pH may need to be adjusted to the lower end of their respective ranges if hardness is over 500 ppm.

If total alkalinity is too high: • Cloudy water

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3. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ppm All facilities

Maximum

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All facilities

Ideal

Minimum

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Standard

150

200−400

APSP-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11

100

150−250

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APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-9 APSP-11

4. Calcium Hardness, ppm, as CaCO3

800

All facilities

5. Heavy Metals

If excessive heavy metals (such as copper, iron and manganese) are present: • Staining may occur • Water may discolor • Filter cycle may decrease and require more frequent back-washing • May indicate pH too low, corrosion, metallic source water, excessive metal ions from treatment chemicals, etc.

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6. Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) −0.3

0.0

+0.5

All facilities

(continued)

A-3

C. Biological Values (Maintaining adequate sanitizer levels is critical to prevent growth of algae and bacteria) 1. Visible Algae Minimum

Ideal

Maximum

Comments

All facilities

None visible

If algae growth is observed, recommendations may include but are not limited to: • Superchlorinate the pool or spa. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used. • Use an EPA-registered algicide according to label directions. • Supplement with brushing and vacuuming. Some algicides may cause foaming.

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Standard

2. Bacteria

Public Facilities: If bacteria count exceeds local health department requirements, superchlorinate and follow proper maintenance procedures. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used. Residential Facilities: Maintain proper sanitizer level and pH to control bacteria.

(See APSP-11)

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All facilities

D. Stabilizer (when used) 1. Cyanuric Acid, ppm 30−50

100

If stabilizer is too low: Chlorine residual is rapidly destroyed by sunlight. If stabilizer is too high: May reduce chlorine efficacy against algae and pathogens. The effect of cyanuric acid on slowing the oxidation of organics, kill rates of bacteria, viruses, and algae has been demonstrated, primarily in controlled laboratory studies. However, no disease outbreaks linked to cyanuric levels in properly sanitized pools have been reported. NOTE: Cyanuric acid is not recommended for indoor pools or spas where protection from sunlight is not necessary. Cyanuric acid does not stabilize bromine sanitizers.

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All facilities

1. Chlorine Products As needed

Determined by bather load, weather conditions

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At the end of each day facility is used.

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APSP-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11

Weekly

APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-9 APSP-11

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E. Oxidation Regular oxidation is recommended for pools and spas with normal bather load as a preventive treatment

A-4

2. Potassium Monopersulfate Minimum

Ideal

APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-9 APSP-11

As needed Weekly

Maximum

Comments

Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.

Some high-use pools may require oxidation several times per week. Regular oxidation is recommended to prevent the build-up of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined chlorine and improve water clarity. Potassium monopersulfate will measure as combined available chlorine in DPD test system. Refer to test kit manufacturer’s directions. Potassium monopersulfate should not be used to oxidize a pool or spa sanitized by PHMB.

Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.

Hydrogen peroxide should be used only with PHMB sanitizers. Hydrogen peroxide should not be used as an oxidizer for pools and spas sanitized by chlorine or bromine.

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Standard

At the end of each day facility is used

APSP-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11

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As needed

Monthly

All facilities

3. Hydrogen Peroxide

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F. Remedial Practices 1. Superchlorination

Follow label directions. Use a registered chlorine sanitizer. Do not re-enter pool or spa until water meets the prescribed values in Section A. Do not superchlorinate a pool or spa treated by PHMB. Some symptoms that may indicate a need for superchlorination are: • Cloudy water • Slime formation • Musty odors • Difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual • Algae and/or high bacteria counts • Eye irritation from chloramines For fecal response guidelines, refer to http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/index.html

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All facilities

High dosage may be required to satisfy chlorine demand. If combined chlorine persists, water replacement should be considered. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used.

At least 10 times combined chlorine

APSP-1 APSP-2 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-9 APSP-11

2. Superchlorination to establish breakpoint, dosage in ppm

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All facilities

3. Shock Treatment and Shock Oxidizers Some conditions that may indicate a need for a shock or a shock oxidizer are: • Cloudy water • Difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual • Periods after heavy bather use • Adverse weather. Shock oxidizers are not sanitizers. They are effective in oxidizing organic contaminants. If the purpose is to treat bacteria or visible algae, an EPA-registered shock product should be used; follow label directions. Spas should be shocked or shock-oxidized on a daily basis when used. (continued)

A-5

4. Chlorine Dioxide Ideal As needed

Maximum

Comments

Determined by occurrence of biofilms in skimmer or plumbing, or by abrupt disappearance of hydrogen peroxide.

White or pink-colored biofilms can infest the plumbing of PHMB pools and eventually spread onto pool surfaces. On other occasions, the biofilms will be hidden from view, but will cause a rapid decrease in hydrogen peroxide. Chlorine dioxide kills the peroxide-degrading organisms, but should be used only to treat the plumbing and not the pool itself. Follow label directions.

Minimum

5. Clarification/Flocculation As needed

Follow manufacturer’s directions.

As needed

Use U.S. EPA-registered products. Follow manufacturer’s directions. Use of some algicides may cause foaming.

All facilities All facilities

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6. Algicides

Foam may harbor persistent microorganisms. If foaming is not adequately controlled, consider a daily shock or oxidation treatment, water replacement, or an appropriate anti-foam agent. Follow manufacturer’s directions.

There shall be no persistent foam (foam remaining in a spa after the jets are turned off).

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As needed

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All facilities

7. Foam Control

8. Nitrates

Nitrate ion is a nutrient for algae and a number of bacteria. Elevated algae and bacteria populations associated with elevated nitrate ion concentrations create a significant chlorine demand. Nitrate ion is at the highest oxidation state of nitrogen, and does not have a chlorine demand.

All facilities

No requirements

Phosphate is an oxidized form of phosphorous. Phosphorous is a non-metallic element and an essential nutrient for all living organisms, including bacteria and algae. Phosphate does not create a chlorine demand since the phosphate ion does not react with free chlorine. However, inadequate maintenance and sanitization can allow algae and bacteria to reproduce rapidly by using phosphorous as a nutrient. Under these circumstances, the multiplying algae or bacterial populations will cause chlorine demand.

All facilities

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9. Phosphate

G. Temperature

If temperature is too low: • Bather discomfort If temperature is too high: • Excessive fuel requirement • Increased evaporation • Bather discomfort • Increased scaling potential • Increased use of sanitizers Overexposure to hot water may cause nausea, dizziness, and fainting. The Consumer Product Safety Commission states: “Hot tub water temperatures should never exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit.” Temperatures well below 104 °F (40 °C) are recommended for extended use (exceeding 10−15 minutes) or for pregnant women, people with certain medical conditions or medications, and for young children.

104 °F (40 °C)

Personal 78–94 °F (26–34°C) preference depending on pool type and use Up to 104 °F (40 °C) depending on spa type and use

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All facilities

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Standard

A-6

H. Water Clarity Minimum

Comments

All facilities

The deepest part of the pool or spa and/or main drain shall be visible and sharply defined. Pools: Pool water shall be of a clarity to permit an 8 in. (203 mm) diameter black and white Secchi disc or main suction outlet (main drain) located on the bottom of the pool at its deepest point to be clearly visible and sharply defined from any point on the deck up to 30 ft (9.14 m) away in a direct line of sight from the disc or main drain. Spas: The bottom of the spa at its deepest point shall be clearly visible.** ** This test shall be performed when the water is in a non-turbulent state and bubbles have been allowed to dissipate.

If water is turbid: • Sanitizer level may be low • Filtration/circulation system may require maintenance or increased run (filtering) time • Improper chemical balance (Section B) • Consult remedial practices (Section F)

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Standard

I. Supplemental Sanitizers

Ideal

Comments

0.1 ppm over 8 hour time-weighted average and 0.3 ppm for any 15 minute period

• Serves as oxidizer of water contaminants. • Ozone shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer. • Indoor installations should have adequate ventilation. • When ozone is used for indoor installations, air monitoring is required. See OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

All facilities

Maximum

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Minimum

Standard

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1. Ozone Concentration in air above pool or spa water, ppm

2. UV

J. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP)

When an ORP controller is used, it shall not be relied upon as a method for measuring the concentration of sanitizer in the water. The sanitizer level shall be measured with traditional wet chemical methods capable of detecting specific sanitizer residuals (e.g. DPD, N, N-diethyl-p-phenylene diamine for free available chlorine), to ensure that the minimum sanitizer residual is maintained. For PHMB-treated pools, levels for ORP values are not applicable. ORP reading may be affected by a number of factors including, but not limited to, pH, probe condition, cyanuric acid, sanitizer type, and supplemental oxidizers. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations.

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APSP-1 APSP-2 APSP-9 APSP-11

UV lamps shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer.

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As needed

All facilities

(continued)

A-7

K. Water Replacement Standard

Minimum

Ideal The water should be drained and replaced at a rate of 7 gallons per bather

It is recommended that regular water replacement be applied to pools, although certain circumstances may prohibit this practice (e.g., drought conditions) or make it unnecessary (e.g., supplementary water treatments such as reverse osmosis to extract contaminants from the water). Evaporation loss will not remove contaminants and so make-up water for evaporation loss should not be counted as water drained and replaced.

Water in spas or hot tubs with high bather use requires complete replacement of water per the replacement guide-lines below.

Water replacement is necessary to dilute dissolved solids, to maintain water clarity, and to do necessary routine maintenance. Water replacement can be necessary even if water has been maintained properly. High bather use is defined as amount of bathers per day, not necessarily the amount of time each bather is in pool or spa. Frequent water replacement is required to control TDS buildup from bathers and treatment chemicals: Residential: Drain and refill every three months with average use. More frequent water replacement is required for heavy use. Public: More frequent water replacement is required due to heavier bather loads.

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WRI, days = (1/3) × (Spa Volume, U.S. Gallons) (No. Bathers/Day) Example 1 The TDS of the original source water was measured and recorded to be 800 ppm. The TDS of the spa water now reads 2,500 ppm. The difference is greater than 1,500 ppm (2,500 ppm – 800 ppm = 1,700 ppm). Therefore, the spa should be drained immediately.

This procedure provides guidelines on how to determine the frequency for which spa or hot tub water should be replaced. Test the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and calculate the WRI (Water Replacement Interval) to determine when a spa needs to be drained. Drain the spa completely, clean it thoroughly, and refill it with source water when either of the following conditions is met:

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Water in spas or hot tubs with high bather use requires partial or complete replacement of water periodically.

APSP-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11

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APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-9 APSP-11

Maximum Comments

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1. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the spa water exceeds the source-water TDS by 1,500 ppm or more, OR 2. The Water Replacement Interval (WRI) is less than or equal to the number of days since the last time the water was drained. WRI is calculated as shown in the formula and examples at right:

Example 2

Consider a 600 gallon (2.271 kL) spa last drained and refilled on Sunday evening, with the usage pattern outlined in the table below:

Sun

Water changed at end of day

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun

105

100

Bathers

600 Gallon (2.271 kL) Spa Usage Pattern

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The WRI is computed in the table below and compared to the interval since the last change. If the Difference (WRI – Days since last change) is less than or equal to zero, the spa should be drained.

600 Gallon (2.271 kL) Spa Usage Pattern Sun

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun

Bathers

Water changed at end of day

105

100

WRI

–

Difference (WRI minus Days since last change)

–

–2

–1

Change Water (Difference = <0?)

YES

A-8

L. Testing Frequency 1. Ozone Minimum

Comments

All facilities

The parameters for sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature shall be met at all times. Exception: when shocking/ oxidizing the pool, when closed for the season, or similar activities.

Testing frequency shall be sufficient to ensure that the sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature (spa) standards set forth in this document are met at all times. Several factors will determine how often testing is required. Weather, water conditions, facility design, and bather load are the primary factors for determining how often pools and spas should be tested. Depending on the facility, testing may be required every 1 or 2 hours during operation. Rain and wind will introduce materials to the water such as plant debris (leaves, pollen), dirt, airborne pollutants, and other contaminants that will decrease sanitizer concentrations and increase the likelihood of chloramines. Rain also tends to decrease pH and alkalinity readings. After a major rainstorm, sanitizer, pH, and alkalinity should be tested. Bathers introduce microorganisms and body oils that increase sanitizer demand. Bathers usually will cause a decrease in pH. If there is a high bather load, particularly in a spa, the sanitizer and pH should be checked more frequently.

The indoor pool and spa area should have its own dedicated ventilation equipment.

All pools and their related components that are installed in an indoor environment shall comply with the ventilation requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, Table 6-1, “Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone,” (Sports and Entertainment Section).

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Maximum

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Ideal

Standard

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All facilities

M. Air Quality

A-9

Appendix B Velocity Limits in APSP Standards This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

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Velocity is the speed at which water moves through pipe. It is calculated in both ft per second and centimeters per second. Velocity is used to help designers select the minimum pipe size for the design flow rate for a specific application. Increasing the pipe size while maintaining the same flow rate reduces velocity in the system (see Figure B). NOTE: The velocity limits found in the standards listed below are based on maximum design flow rates. Lower flow rates are allowed and encouraged.

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Figure B: Velocity in different pipe sizes

ANSI/APSP/ICC-5, 2011 Standard for Residential Inground Swimming Pools ANSI/APSP/ICC-7, 2013 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 a, 2011 Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency ANSI/APSP-16, 2011 Suction Fittings

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APSP STANDARDS WITH VELOCITY LIMITS ANSI/APSP/ICC-1, 2014 Standard for Public Swimming Pools APSP-2, 1999 Standard for Public Spas ANSI/APSP/ICC-3, 2014 Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 a, 2012 Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Pools

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TABLE B-1 VELOCITY LIMITS – PUBLIC STANDARDS Limits / Comments Standard Maximum 10 ft (305 cm) per second for return piping and 6 ft (183 cm) per second for suction piping. ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 To prevent erosion, the velocity in copper piping should never exceed 8 ft (244 cm) per second. ANSI/APSP-2

VELOCITY LIMITS – RESIDENTIAL STANDARDS Maximum 8 ft. (244 cm) per second in all piping, suction and return. ANSI/APSP/ICC-3

ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 a ANSI/APSP/ICC-5

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ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANSI/APSP/ICCNOTICE: The velocity limits in ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 a apply to the swimming pool filtration piping only. 15 a Non-filtration piping is subject to the velocity limits in the residential standards listed above. NOTE: The swimming pool filtration flow rate (6-hour turnover rate, or 36 gpm, whichever is greater) must be calculated to determine minimum pipe sizes using the velocity limits below. After determining the residential swimming pool capacity in gallons, use the following formula to determine the filtration flow rate. Pool gallons ÷ 360 minutes = filtration flow rate Maximum 8 ft. (244 cm) per second in return filtration piping and 6 ft. (183 cm) per second in suction filtration piping. The velocity limitations in this standard are intended to reduce the friction loss (resistance) as the water moves through the filtration system, thereby reducing the amount of energy required to move the water through the system. NOTE: Pipe sizing to achieve a specific velocity at a given flow rate can be determined by using Table B-2 at right.

VELOCITY LIMITS – SUCTION OUTLET SAFETY STANDARDS NOTE: Suction outlet safety standards apply to all facilities – Public and Residential. Velocity limits are no longer specified in this standard, because they are regulated as part of the suction outlet fitting assembly (drain cover, fastener, and sump) certification process mandated by the 2007 Federal VGB Pool & Spa Safety Act. APSP/ICC-7 does require conformance with ANSI/APSP-16 standard (below) in all cases.

ANSI/APSP-16

This standard requires product manufacturers to provide the maximum flow rate for each cover, sump, and fitting assembly; a flow rating that has been tested and certified by an accredited test lab. Because of this, product specific installation instructions must be followed and including minimum pipe sizes when specified. NOTE: Every bather-accessible body of water with a circulation system is a candidate for a suction entrapment incident, and measures must be taken to prevent such an occurrence. Whatever entrapment avoidance methods or systems are employed, they must be in conformance with the ANSI/APSP/ICC-7 and ANSI/APSP-16 standards.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-7

A-10

Standard for Residential Inground Pools, or most recent version.

Matching the velocity in all system piping achieves a relative balance of flow on the suction and return sides of the system. This helps prevent mismatched systems (i.e., over-pumping and under-piping), which leads to highly inefficient systems creating high pressure, excessive noise, vibration, and potentially decreased equipment life.

b) Then check the pipe sizing for compliance with the ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 a, 2013 Standard for Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency, or most recent version. It may be necessary to re-size the suction filtration piping to comply with the lower velocity limit in this standard. (Table 1 from Standard 15 a is included below, as Table B-2.)

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Design for Compliance Velocity limits are found in almost all APSP standards, either directly or indirectly, through product flow ratings. Compliance requires conformance with all applicable standards and for best results the following sequence is recommended:

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3. Finally, ensure that all suction outlet fittings, piping and components, are designed in compliance with ANSI/APSP/ICC-7, 2013 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance (or most recent version), and that the suction outlets, if any, are certified by a test lab in conformance with the ANSI/APSP-16, 2011 Standard for Suction Fittings (or most recent version). Compliance with both the ANSI/APSP/ ICC-7 and ANSI/APSP-16 standards requires the suction system components to have a flow rating higher than the maximum system flow rate of any and all installed systems.

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1. Design the body of water, and then calculate the water volume to determine the filtration flow rate. When applicable, design and specify flow requirements for all other features, such as therapy jets, fountains, solar heaters, sanitizers, etc. Using these design flow rates, use the velocity limits associated with the applicable APSP design standard to size all piping.

NOTE: The standards referenced in Table B-1 all contain additional requirements beyond piping, flow and velocity. It is important that you own, understand and build in compliance with all of the APSP Standards.

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a) Calculate the pool’s filtration flow rate as described in Step 1. For recommended pipe velocities in residential pools, see ANSI/APSP/ICC-5, 2011

2. For residential swimming pools:

1.5 in.

2.5 in.

3 in.

3.5 in.

4 in.

5 in.

6 in.

Nominal gpm @ 6 fps

138

185

238

374

540

Nominal gpm @ 8 fps

119

184

247

317

499

720

Nominal gpm @ 10 fps

103

146

227

303

391

616

890

38 mm

51 mm

64 mm

76 mm

89 mm

102 mm

127 mm

152 mm

Nominal Lpm @ 183 cps

144

238

341

522

700

901

1416

2044

Nominal Lpm @ 244 cps

193

318

450

697

935

1200

1889

2725

Nominal Lpm @ 305 cps

235

390

553

859

1147

1480

2332

3369

2 in.

Pipe Size (U.S. sizes)

TABLE B-2 MAXIMUM FLOW RATES, Schedule 40 and 80 PVC Pipe

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Pipe Size (U.S. sizes)

Table B-2 Metric Equivalent

A-11

Appendix C Spa Use Parameters This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

10. Risk of Shock. The spa or swim spa shall not be operated during severe weather conditions, i.e., electrical storms, tornadoes, etc.

Safety Considerations

12. Risk of Drowning. Do not engage in extended breath-holding activities underwater. You may black out and drown.

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This information can be used to make customers aware of certain safety and operational aspects of a spa or swim spa that need to be adhered to at all times. It is the homeowner’s responsibility to inform family and guests about these warnings and to enforce the rules of safety.

1. Risk of Fetus Injury. Hot water exposure limitations vary from person to person. Pregnant women and small children should not use spa or swim spa prior to medical consultation as hot water can be a serious risk.

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1. Do not allow the use of or operate, a spa or swim spa, if any suction fitting is missing, damaged, or loose.

2. Check the water temperature before use. Do not enter the spa or swim spa if the temperature is above 104 °F (40° C). 3. Secure the facility against unauthorized access. (See also ANSI/APSP/ICC-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs).

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3. Risk of Drowning. Do not use the spa or swim spa while under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, or other drugs that cause sleepiness, drowsiness or raise/lower blood pressure

Rules

2. Risk of Drowning. Persons suffering from heart disease, diabetes, high or low blood pressure, and other health problems should not enter the spa or swim spa without prior medical consultation and permission from their doctor.

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11. Risk of Drowning. Do not allow the use of or operate spa or swim spa if a suction outlet cover is missing, damaged, or loose. (See also Appendix F.)

4. Risk of Child Drowning. Unsupervised use of spa or swim spa by children is prohibited. Note also that aerated water has less clarity, and obstructs visibility of submerged bather.

4. Keep all breakable objects out of the spa or swim spa area.

5. Spa or swim spa shall not be operated during severe weather conditions, i.e. electrical storms, tornadoes, etc.

5. Risk of Injury, Before entering, check spa or swim spa water temperature. Do not use the spa or swim spa if the temperature is above 104 °F (40 °C).

6. Never place electrical appliances, (telephone, radio, television, etc.) within 5 feet (1.52 m) of the spa or swim spa.

6. Risk of Drowning. Use caution when bathing alone. Overexposure to hot water may cause nausea, dizziness and fainting. Lower water temperatures are recommended for extended use (exceeding 10–15 minutes) and for young children.

7. Do not dive, jump, or slide into a spa or swim spa.

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8. Teach children to swim. 9. Adequate adult supervision is always required when children are present.

7. Risk of Injury. Enter and exit slowly. 8. Risk of Injury. Keep all breakable objects out of the spa or swim spa area.

10. Encourage children to never swim alone.

9. Risk of Shock. Never place electrical appliances (telephone, radio, television, etc.) within 5 feet (1.52 m) of the spa or swim spa.

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Appendix D Use of Ozone This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

In general, breathing even low levels of ozone should be avoided at all times. 1 Further information can be obtained from OSHA or from the International Ozone Association P.O. Box 28873, Scottsdale AZ 85255 US Tel: (480) 529-3787, Fax: (480) 522-3080 E-mail: infO3zone@io3a.org, www.io3a.org

1. General

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As reported in OZONE AND OTHER PHOTOCHEM ICAL OXIDANTS and published by The National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1977, Hensch ler et al. reported that the characteristic pungent odor of ozone was detected instantaneously at low concentrations (less than 0.02 ppm), depending on individual sensory perception acuity. At higher concentrations, the odor was perceived as stronger and persisted for an average of thirteen (13) minutes. 2

1 The Permissible Exposure Limit to ozone, as specified by the OSHA, is 0.1 ppm, time weighted average over 8 hour day, with Short Term (up to 15 minutes) Exposure Limit of 0.3 ppm. Ref. Federal Register 54(12): 2519 (Jan. 19, 1989) 2 Ref. Henschler, D., A. Stier, H. Beck, and W. Neumann. Geruchsschwellen einiger wichtiger Reizgase (Schwefel-dioxyd, Ozon, Stickstoffdioxyd) und Erschcinungen bei der Einwirkung Geringer Konzentrationen auf den Menschen. Arch Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg: 17:547 570, 1960

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Like all oxidizing chemicals, ozone is hazardous, and ozone-generating equipment can produce dangerous levels. While its rapid decomposition makes high concentrations unlikely, and while research has shown no irreversible effects caused by accidental exposure to low, nonlethal concentrations, the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has standards for exposure to ozone.

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Ozone (O3) is a high energy, allotropic (i.e., containing only atoms of a single element) form of the element oxygen. Oxygen exists normally as a diatomic mole cule, O2. Ozone, like oxygen, is a gas, and is partially soluble in water, being approximately thirteen (13) times more soluble than oxygen itself at standard temperatures and pressures. Ozone has a distinct odor readily identified by most humans even at very low (0.02 ppm) concentrations. The smell of ozone is often noted in the air after an electrical storm, because some ozone is generated by lightning. Ozone molecules in air or in water decompose to oxygen and energetic free radicals, which also are formed when ozone reacts with contaminants. Since ozone decomposes, it cannot be packaged, but must be generated and used on-site.

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Appendix E Use of Elemental Chlorine This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

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2.8 It is recommended that an automatic chlorine leak detector and alarm be installed in the chlorinator room.

2.9 Respirators approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) should be provided for protection against chlorine. It is recommended that at least one approved self-contained breathing apparatus be provided. Respiratory equipment should be mounted outside the chlorine enclosure. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations require training and maintenance programs for respirators.

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2. Equipment and Installation

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2.1 Chlorination equipment should be located so that equipment failure or malfunction will have minimum effect on evacuation of pool patrons in an emergency.

2.2 Elemental chlorine feeders (chlorinators) should be activated by a booster pump using recirculated water supplied via the recirculation system. The booster pump should be interlocked to the filter pump to prevent feeding of chlorine when the recirculation pump is not running.

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2.3 The chlorinator, cylinders of chlorine and associated equipment should be housed in a reasonably gas-tight and corrosion-resisting housing having a floor area adequate for the purpose. Cylinders should always be stored in an upright position and properly secured.

2.4 All enclosures should be located at or above ground level. The enclosure should be provided with: ducts from the bottom of the enclosure to the atmosphere in an unrestricted area, a motor-driven exhaust fan capable of producing at least one air change per minute, and louvers of good design near the top of the enclosure for admitting fresh air. Warning signs should be posted on the doors. It is recommended that the doors to the chlorine room should open away from the pool.

2.10 Containers may be stored indoors or outdoors. Full and empty cylinders should be segregated and appropriately tagged. Storage conditions should: (a) minimize external corrosion, (b) be clean and free of trash, (c) not be near an elevator or ventilation system, (d) be away from elevated temperatures or heat sources.

3. Operational Procedures 3.1 A specific person should be made responsible for chlorination operations and should be trained in the performance of routine operations including emergency procedures and leak control procedures. 3.2 Chlorine cylinders must be handled with care. Valve protection caps and valve outlet caps should be in place at all times except when the cylinder is connected for use. Cylinders must not be dropped and should be protected from falling objects. Cylinders should be used on a first-in, first-out basis. New, approved washers should be used each time a cylinder is connected.

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2.7 Connections from the cylinders to the system depend on the type of chlorinator to be used and should comply with the chlorinator manufacturer’s recommendation.

Chlorine is a “hazardous material” subject to Department of Transportation requirements. When used for pool disinfection, chlorine is considered a pesticide and as such is subject to pertinent regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as well as various state agriculture and environmental regulations. Users of chlorine must be trained as to the proper procedures for handling chlorine and as to appropriate emergency procedures.

2.6 Contents of a chlorine cylinder can be determined only by weight; therefore, facilities should include a scale suitable for weighing the cylinders. Changing cylinder(s) should be accomplished only after weighing proves contents of cylinder to be exhausted. Care must be taken to prevent water suck-back into the cylinder when empty, by closing the cylinder valve.

Chlorine is one of the chemical elements. The gas has a characteristic odor and greenish yellow color and is about two and one-half (2 ½) times as heavy as air. Chlorine is shipped in Department of Transportation specification steel containers; standard sizes contain either 100 or 150 pounds (45 or 68 kg) of chlorine. In the cylinder, the chlorine has both a liquid and a gas phase. All cylinders are equipped with the Chlorine Institute standard chlorine cylinder valve.

2.5 Electrical switches for the control of artificial lighting and ventilation should be on the outside of the enclosure adjacent to the door.

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3.3 It is recommended that a safety wall chart be posted in or near the chlorine enclosure and a second chart in the pool office near the telephone. Such charts are available from many suppliers and from the Chlorine Institute, 1300 Wilson Blvd., Suite 525, Arlington, VA 22209. The telephone number of the chlorine supplier should be shown on this chart.

3.6 As soon as a container is empty, the valve should be closed and the lines disconnected. The outlet cap should be applied promptly and the valve protection hood attached. The open end of the disconnected line should be plugged or capped promptly to keep atmospheric moisture out of the system.

3.7 To find a chlorine gas leak, use a plastic bottle containing 26E BE Ammonia capable of releasing only vapors when squeezed. A white cloud will result if there is any chlorine leakage. Never use water on a chlorine leak.

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3.4 Although chlorine suppliers make every effort to furnish chlorine in properly conditioned cylinders, chlorine gas leaks may still occur. Pool personnel should be informed about leak control procedures and consideration should be given to providing a Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit A.

For additional information, contact The Chlorine Institute, Inc., 1300 Wilson Blvd., Suite 525, Arlington, VA 22209, (703) 894-4140, or at info@cl2.com, and request a copy of the Chlorine Manual and the wall chart entitled “Handling Chlorine Cylinders and Ton Containers.”

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3.5 Chlorine suppliers are equipped with a Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit that contains devices for capping leaks at cylinder valves and some leaks that occur in the cylinder wall. Further information on these kits and training slides demonstrating their use are available from the Chlorine Institute.

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Appendix F Suction Entrapment Warning

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This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

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Appendix G English Standard-Metric Conversion Tables (Approximate Factors)

cm2 m2 square meters sq. kilometers ha

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g kg metric tons

0.155 10.76 1.196 0.386 2.47

square in. square ft square yards square miles acres

ounces pounds 1.1

oz. lb. short tons

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m3 °C

in3 fl.oz.

cubic in. fluid ounces

L liters 2.1 L liters 1.06 L liters 0.26 m3 cubic meters m3 cubic meters TEMPERATURE °C degrees Celsius

pints quarts gallons 35 1.3

pt. qt. gal. cubic ft cubic yards

9/5

degrees °F (then Fahrenheit add 32)

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130°F

120°F

110°F

100°F

90°F

80°F

70°F

60°F

50°F

50°C

40°C

30°C

20°C

10°C

0°C

-10°C

-20°C

Degrees Celsius

40°F

30°F

20°F

10°F

degrees Celsius

0°F

-10°F

-30°C

in2 ft2 yd2 mi2

mL milliliters 0.06 mL milliliters 0.03

Degrees Fahrenheit -20°F

in. in.

mL milliliters mL milliliters L L L L m3 cubic meters

Symbol

in. in. ft. yd. mi.

km2

0.04 0.39 ft yards miles

To Find

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cm cm m km

Multiply by

Symbol When You Know LENGTH mmmillimeters cm centimeters m meters 3.28 m meters 1.09 km kilometers 0.62 AREA cm2 sq.centimeters m2 square meters m2 square meters km2 sq.kilometers ha hectares (10,000 m2) MASS g grams 0.035 kg kilograms 2.2 t metric ton (1,000 kg) VOLUME

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Symbol

To Find

Symbol When You Know Multiply by LENGTH in. in. 2.54 centimeters ft. ft 30.48 centimeters yd. yards 0.914 meters mi. miles 1.609 kilometers AREA in2 square in. 6.45 sq. centimeters ft2 square ft 0.09 square meters yd2 square yards 0.836 mi2 square miles 2.59 acres 0.4 hectares MASS oz. ounces 28.35 grams lb. pounds 0.45 kilograms short tons (2000 lb.) 0.9 VOLUME tsp. teaspoons 5 milliliters Tsp. tablespoons 15 in3 cubic in. 16 milliliters fl.oz. fluid ounces 30 c. cups 0.24 liters pt. pints 0.47 liters qt. quarts 0.95 liters gal. gallons 3.8 liters ft.3 cubic ft 0.03 cubic meters yd.3 cubic yards 0.76 TEMPERATURE (See also below) °F degrees Fahrenheit 5/9 (after subtracting 32)

This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

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ft3 yd3

Appendix H Sources of Material

American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331 Tel: 248-848-3800 www.concrete.org

IAPMO International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials 4755 E. Philadelphia Street Ontario CA 91761 Tel: 909-472-4100

ANSI

American National Standards Institute 25 West 43rd Street New York NY 10036 Tel: 212-642-4900 Fax: 212-398-0023 www.ansi.org

NEC

National Electrical Code (see NFPA)

NFPA

National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy MA 02269 Tel: 617-770-3000

NSF

NSF International (formerly National Sanitation Foundation) 789 N. Dixboro Rd. P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor MI 48113-0140 Tel: 734-769-8010

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ASTM International Standards Worldwide (formerly American Society of Testing & Materials) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 Tel: 610-832-9500 Fax: 610-832-9555 www.astm.org

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American Society of Mechanical Engineers 3 Park Avenue New York NY 10016 212-591-8562 www.asme.org

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ASME

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Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (formerly National Spa and Pool Institute) 2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22314 Tel: 703-838-0083 Fax: 703-549-0493 www.APSP.org

APSP

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ACI

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This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023). It is included for information only.

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook IL 60062-2096 Tel: 847-272-8800 Fax: 877-272-8129 www.ul.com

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ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 (R2023)

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American National Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas

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Familiarity with the ANSI/PHTA/ICC standards is essential for anyone who builds, manufactures, sells, or services pools, spas, or hot tubs.

2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22314-4695 703.838.0083 standards@PHTA.org www.PHTA.org