56 minute read
Sanitizing equipment, oxidation equipment
from ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022) American National Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Pools
by thePHTA
9.2.5 Stability test. In the stability test the ladder shall be set in the level operating position with the vertical test load of 224 lb. (102 kg) applied at the center of the top step or platform, 9.1 General requirements whichever is higher. The ladder is then subjected to a horizontal 9.1.1 All pools shall have a means of entry/exit consisting of at least test load applied at the center, side, and rear of the top step. one ladder or a ladder and staircase combination (depending upon During this test, the ladder base shall remain on the floor and the pool/deck configuration). A ladder and staircase combination be assembled and affixed per manufacturer’s instructions. may consist of Type C and Type D, or Type C and Type E and Type F. • Outside front stability: 60 lb. (27 kg)
Ladder Type A and Type B are constructed for entry/exit. (See Figures 1–4.) • Side stability: 35 lb. (16 kg) • Rear stability: 60 lb. (27 kg) 9.1.2 Ladders and staircases shall conform to the following: 9.1.2.1 All ladder and staircase treads, which are integral to or permanently attached, shall have a minimum static slip9.3 A-frame ladders, Type A (double access) and Type B (limited access) resistance coefficient of 0.04 wet, when tested according to the 9.3.1 Ladders shall have a physical barrier to prevent children recommended test method of the ASTM F462 Standard from swimming through the riser openings or behind the ladder,
Consumer Safety Specification for Slip Resistant Bathing or meet the acceptance criteria of the entrapment test as
Facilities, utilizing a NIST Brungraber tester. Recommended test described in Section 9.3.1.1. criteria should include tread in standing water consisting of 9.3.1.1 When tested for entrapment, ladders shall be fully droplets/puddles and not flowing water. Testing with soapy assembled and placed over the side wall, or a representation water shall not be required. thereof, of the above ground pool they are supplied with, 9.1.2.2 Ladders and staircases shall be made of corrosion- or for which they are intended according to manufacturer’s resisting materials. recommendation. Torso and head test probes (Figures 5 and 6) shall be applied in each opening or area between 9.2 Test requirements for Types A, B, C, D, E, and F ladders. The the risers and behind the ladder in accordance with the test ladder shall be designed to withstand the test requirements as stated procedure for completely bounded openings of ASTM F1148in Section 9.2. 09 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for 9.2.1 All tests shall be conducted with the assembled ladder Home Playground Equipment: installed on a double layer of wedded ½ in. (12.7 mm) plywood Place the torso probe (see Figure 5) in the opening, tapered under the foot of the ladder. end first, with the plane of its base parallel to the plane of 9.2.1.1 All ladders shall be designed for a minimum working load the opening; rotate the probe while keeping its base parallel of 224 lb. (102 kg) with the following ultimate load and factor of to the plane of the opening. If the base of the probe passes safety: Step Test. 672 lb. (305 kg) 3:1. through the opening when it is rotated about its own axis in 9.2.2 Compression test. A compression test shall be performed on the assembled ladder in the operating position with the test load of 672 lb. (305 kg) applied over a 3½ in. (89 mm) tread length at the any orientation, place the head probe (see Figure 6) in the opening, tapered end first, while its plane is parallel to the plane of the opening. center of the step or platform, whichever is higher.
The assembled ladder shall not exhibit failure or permanent deformation. Platform 12 in. (305 mm) min. 9.2.3 Step test. The strength of each step shall be tested by applying a 672 lb. (305 kg) test load on a 3-½ in. (89 mm) wide pad located on the centerline Handhold O.D. 1 in. (25 mm) min. 1.9 in. (48 mm) max. of each step. Each step shall withstand the test load without failure or permanent deformation. 7 in. Riser Height (178 mm) min. 9.2.4 Shear test. The shear strength of the step-tostep rail joint is measured by applying the test load of 12 in. (305 mm) max. Tread Depth 2 in. (51 mm) min. 448 lb. (203 kg) over 3½ in. (89 mm) of tread length as near to the joint as possible. On removing the load, there shall be no indication of failure in the fastener Width (Spread) or in any other component. (See Section 9.3.1 for 12 in. (305 mm) min. barrier requirements.) Figure 7–Dimensions for typical A-frame ladder
Acceptance criteria for an opening is as follows: (1) The opening does not admit the torso probe when it is rotated to any orientation about its own axis, or (2) The opening admits the torso probe and also admits the head probe.
An opening can pass this test in one of two ways: An opening is not in compliance with this standard if the opening admits the torso probe but does not admit the head probe. An opening fails the test under the following conditions: The opening admits the torso probe but does not admit the head probe. 9.3.2 If an A-frame ladder has a platform between the handrails, the platform shall: • have a minimum width of 12 in. (305 mm) and a minimum length of 12 in. (305 mm); • be above or equal to the highest ladder treads; and • be slip resisting. 9.3.3 Handrails/handholds 9.3.3.1 A-frame ladders shall have two handrails/handholds that serve all treads. 9.3.3.2 A-frame ladders shall have two handrails/handholds with a minimum height of 20 in. (508 mm) above the platform or uppermost tread, whichever is higher. 9.3.3.3 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) in diameter. 9.3.3.4 The clear distance between ladder handrails shall be a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm). 9.3.4 Treads 9.3.4.1 Ladder treads shall have a minimum horizontal uniform depth of 2 in. (51 mm). 9.3.4.2 Except for the bottom riser, there shall be a uniform riser height, with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and 12 in. (305 mm) maximum. The vertical distance from the platform or top of the pool structure to the uppermost tread shall be uniform to other riser heights. 9.3.4.3 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers. The bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm).
9.4.1.2 Staircase ladders shall have two handrails/handholds with a minimum height of 20 in. (508 mm) above the platform or uppermost tread, whichever is higher. 9.4.1.3 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) in diameter. 9.4.2 Treads 9.4.2.1 Ladder treads shall have a minimum horizontal uniform depth of 4 in. (102 mm). 9.4.2.2 Except for the bottom riser, there shall be a uniform riser height, with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and 12 in. (305 mm) maximum. The vertical distance from the platform or top of the pool structure to the uppermost tread shall be uniform to other riser heights. 9.4.2.3 When using a staircase ladder with decks, the top step shall be flush with the deck, or be between 7 to 12 in. (178 to 305 mm) below the deck level. 9.4.2.4 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers. The bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm). 9.4.2.5 All steps shall have a minimum unobstructed width of 19 in. (483 mm) between the side rails. 9.5 Type D in-pool ladder 9.5.1 There shall be a clearance of 3 in. (76 mm) minimum and 6 in. (152 mm) maximum between the pool wall and the ladder. 9.5.2 Handrails/handholds 9.5.2.1 Ladders shall provide two handrails/handholds that extend above the platform or deck for a minimum of 20 in. (508 mm). 9.5.2.2 The clear distance between ladder handrails shall be a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm). Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. 9.4 Type C staircase ladders (ground to deck) 9.4.1 Handrails/handholds 9.4.1.1 Staircase ladders shall have a minimum of two hand-rails/handholds that serve all treads. Figure 8–Dimensions for typical staircase ladder
Handhold O.D. 1 in. (25 mm) min. 1.9 in. (48 mm) max. Hand rail 20 in. (508 mm) min.
Figure 10–Dimensions for typical in-pool staircase ladder 9.5.2.3 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) in diameter. 9.5.3 Treads 9.5.3.1 There shall be a uniform riser height, with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and a 12 in. (305 mm) maximum except for the following: 9.5.3.1.1 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers, but the bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm). 9.5.3.1.2 The vertical distance from the pool coping, deck, or step surface to the uppermost tread shall be a minimum of 7 in. (178 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) and uniform to other riser heights.
9.5.3.1.3 Ladder treads shall have a minimum horizontal uniform depth of 2 in. (51 mm). 9.6 Type E, protruding in-pool stairs 9.6.1 Ladders shall have a physical barrier to prevent children from swimming through the risers or behind the ladder. 9.6.2 Handrails/handholds. The design and construction of protruding pool stairs shall conform to 9.6.2.1 and 9.6.2.2. 9.6.2.1 In-pool stairs shall provide a minimum of one handrail/ handhold that serves all treads with a minimum height of 20 in. (508 mm) above the platform or uppermost tread, whichever is higher. 9.6.2.2 Hand rails, if removable, shall be installed in such a way that they cannot be removed without the use of tools. 9.6.2.2.1 The leading edge of handrails facilitating stairs and Figure 9–Dimensions for typical in-pool ladder pool entry/exit shall be 18 in. ± 3 in. (457 mm ± 76 mm), horizontally from the vertical plane of the bottom riser (where applicable). Handhold O.D. 1 in. (25 mm) min. 9.6.2.2.2 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall 1.9 in. (48 mm) max. be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) diameter. 9.6.3 Risers, treads 9.6.3.1 Treads shall have a minimum unobstructed horizontal depth of 10 in. (254 mm) at all points and a minimum unobstructed surface area of 240 square in. (.155 m2). 9.6.3.2 Risers at all points, except for the bottom riser, shall have a maximum uniform height of 12 in. (305 mm).
Riser height 9.6.3.3 There shall be a uniform riser height with a 7 in. (178 12 in. (305 mm) mm) minimum and a 12 in. (305 mm) maximum except for the max. following: 9.6.3.3.1 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers, but the bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm). 9.6.3.3.2 The vertical distance from the pool coping, deck, or step surface to the uppermost tread shall be a minimum of 7 in. (178 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) and uniform to other riser heights. 9.7 Type F, recessed in-pool stairs 9.7.1 In-pool stairs shall have a physical barrier to prevent children from swimming through the riser openings or behind the ladder. 9.7.2 Handrails. If handrails are used, they shall conform to 9.7.2.1–9.7.2.4. 9.7.2.1 In-pool stairs shall provide a minimum of one handrail/ handhold that serves all treads with a minimum height of 20 in. (508 mm) above the platform or uppermost tread, whichever is higher.
18 in. (457 mm) max. Tread depth 10 in. (254 mm) min. Tread depth 2 in. (51 mm) min. Deck Riser height 7 in. (178 mm) min. 12 in. (305 mm) max. Spread 12 in. (305 mm) min. Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
9.7.2.2 Handrails, if removable, shall be installed in such a way that they cannot be removed without the use of tools. 9.7.2.3 The leading edge of handrails facilitating stairs and pool entry/exit shall be 18 in. ± 3 in. (457 mm ± 76 mm) horizontally from the vertical plane of the bottom riser (where applicable). 9.7.2.4 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) diameter. 9.7.3 Risers, treads. The design and construction of recessed pool stairs shall conform to 9.7.3.1–9.7.3.4. 9.7.3.1 Treads shall have a minimum unobstructed horizontal depth of 10 in. (254 mm) at all points and a minimum unobstructed surface area of 240 sq. in. (.155 m2). 9.7.3.2 There shall be a uniform riser height with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and a 12 in. (305 mm) maximum, except for the following: 9.7.3.3 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers, but the bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm). 9.7.3.4 The vertical distance from the pool coping, deck, or step surface to the uppermost tread shall be a minimum of 7 in. (178 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) and uniform to other riser heights. 10 Aboveground/onground raised decks and fencing 10.1 Deck structure. A cantilever style deck structure relies on the pool for support and it shall meet the pool manufacturer’s requirements. The pool manufacturer shall ascertain that the pool structure is capable of supporting the deck. (See Figure 11.) 10.2 The deck shall be designed to support a live load of a minimum of 40 lb. per sq. ft. (195.3 kg/m2) of the total deck area, based upon accepted engineering practices. 10.3 In a cantilever-type deck where the deck structure relies on the pool structure for support, the walking surface of the deck shall not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) above the pool. 10.4 Unless cantilevered, the deck shall not exceed the height of the pool. 10.5 Deck walking surface 10.5.1 Decks that are installed flush with the top rail of the pool shall have all gap openings between the deck and top rails closed-off or capped. 10.5.2 Should the deck extend inside the top rail of the pool, it shall extend no more than 3 in. (76 mm) beyond the inside of the top rail of the pool and be of a smooth finish. 10.5.3 The deck and deck surface shall be manufactured from materials that will provide slip resisting surfaces. As a guide it is recommended that the deck and deck surface have a minimum static slip resisting coefficient of 0.4 wet. Recommended test criteria should include live skin against the deck surface in standing water consisting of droplets/puddles and not flowing water. 10.6 Fencing 10.6.1 Top rail. The top rail of the fence, mounted on top of the pool structure or deck of an aboveground/onground pool shall be a minimum of 36 in. (914 mm) above the deck surface. (See the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 American National Standard
Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot
Tubs.) 10.6.2 Spacing between pickets, support posts, and the top rail of the pool and the lower horizontal bottom rail of the fence shall not allow passage of a sphere greater than 4 in. (102 mm) to pass through the openings in the fence. (See the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools,
Spas, and Hot Tubs.) 15 in. min. (381 mm) Deck Surface
1 in. min. (25 mm)
15 in. (381 mm) min. Deck surface Pool wall structureCopyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
Pool Wall Structure 3 in. min.
(76 mm) Figure 12–Typical free-standing deck support
Figure 11–Typical cantilever deck support
10.6.3 Where fencing is required and/or provided on the pool or deck, the fencing shall have at least 65 percent open area to allow visibility to the pool area and shall be constructed so as to eliminate or discourage climbing by young children.
10.7 Materials. Fence and deck surfaces shall be of nontoxic materials. As a guide the following standards may be referenced: • American Wood Preservers Association (AWPA) Standard
C2-02, Lumber, Timber, Bridge Ties, and Mine Ties—Preservative
Treatment by Pressure Processes • American Wood Preservers Association Standard C9-02,
Plywood–Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processes • American Wood Preservers Association Standard C22, Permanent
Wood Foundations • Federal Hazardous Substances Act 16 CFR, Ch. II. 10.8 Signage. The deck/fence package manufacturer shall supply a safety sign to address “NO DIVING” to be affixed at point of entry. (For examples of safety signs, See Appendix C.) 10.9 Walk-around decks. Walk-around decks shall be a minimum level distance of 15 in. (381 mm) wide of level walking surface, measured from the inside edge of the pool top rail to the outside of the pool walk-around and shall be fitted with a fence consistent with the requirements of Article 10. (See Figure 12.) 11 Aboveground/onground swimming pool circulation components and related equipment 11.1 A circulation system consisting of pumps, hoses, tubing, piping, return inlets, suction outlets, filters, and other related equipment that provide for circulation of water throughout the pool shall be located as to prevent their being used as a means of access to the pool by young children. (See the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.) 11.1.1 Draining the system. In climates subject to freezing, circulation system equipment shall be designed and fabricated to drain the pool water from the equipment, together with exposed piping, by removal of drain plugs and manipulating valves or by other methods. Refer to manufacturer’s instruction for specific information on draining the system. 11.1.2 Turnover. The equipment shall be sized to provide a turnover of the pool water at least once every 12 hours. The system shall be designed to give the proper turnover rate based on the manufacturer’s specified maximum flow rate of the filter, in clean media condition of the filter. 11.1.3 Water clarity. Water clarity shall be maintained. Clarity is a function of proper filtration and maintenance of proper chemical operational parameters. (See Appendix A.) When standing at the pool’s edge at the deep end, the deepest portion of the pool floor shall be visible.
11.1.4 Accessibility for inspection. Circulation system components that require replacement or servicing shall be accessible for inspection, repair, or replacement and shall be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 11.1.5 Circulation equipment shall be installed per manufacturer’s instructions to provide proper mounting and support, to prevent damage from misalignment, settlement, and vibration, and to minimize the potential for the accumulation of debris and moisture. 11.2 Water velocity 11.2.1 Water velocity. The water velocity in the pool piping shall not exceed 8 ft (2.44 m) per second for both suction and pressure piping, and shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/ APSP-7 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins. 11.3 Piping and fittings. The circulation system composed of hoses, tubing, piping, and fittings, shall be considered to be process piping and shall be made of non-toxic material and able to withstand operating at 1½ times the rated pressure of the pump. 11.3.1 The suction piping shall not collapse when there is complete shutoff of flow on the suction side of the pump. 11.4 Filters 11.4.1 Filters. Swimming pool filters shall be rated for the operating pressure of the circulation system. 11.4.2 Filters shall be designed so that after cleaning per manufacturer’s instructions, the system can provide the water clarity noted in Section 11.1.3 and Appendix A. 11.5 Internal pressure. Pressure-type filters shall provide an automatic internal or a manual external means to relieve accumulated air pressure inside the tank. Filter tanks composed of upper and lower tank lids that are held in place by a perimeter clamp shall provide a slow and safe release of air pressure before the clamp disengages the lids. 11.5.1 Any filter incorporating an automatic internal air relief as its principal means of air release shall have a means to provide a slow and safe release of pressure as a part of its design. 11.5.2 As a part of its design, any separation tank used in conjunction with any filter tank shall have a manual means of air release or a means to provide a slow and safe release of pressure as it is opened. 11.5.3 Instructions. Pressure filters shall have operation instructions permanently installed on the filter. Filters with manual air release shall include a precautionary statement or warning not to start up the system without first opening the air release. The statement shall be visible and noticeable within the area of the air Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. release. 11.6 Filter tanks shall be designed for a pressure equal to the rated head of the pump with a minimum 4:1 safety factor.
11.7 Pressure or vacuum gauge. A pressure or vacuum gauge or other means of indicating system conditions shall be provided in the circulation system in an easily readable location.
11.8 Pumps 11.8.1 Swimming pool pumps shall be tested and certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/UL 1081, Standard for swimming pool pumps, filters and chlorinators effective at the date of manufacture of the pump. 11.8.2 Horsepower rating. Pump horsepower rating and labeling shall not exceed the brake horsepower of the motor. 11.8.3 A pump and motor shall be provided for circulation of the pool water. Performance of all pumps shall meet or exceed the conditions (if applicable) of flow required for filtering and cleaning the pool against the total dynamic head developed by the complete system. System flow shall not exceed the filter manufacturer’s maximum flow rate.
11.8.4 With all pressure filter systems, a cleanable strainer or screen shall be provided upstream of the circulation pump(s) to remove solids, debris, hair, lint, etc. 11.8.5 Pump(s) and motor(s) shall be accessible for inspection and service as per manufacturer’s specifications. 11.8.6 The design and construction of the pump(s) and its component parts shall provide safe operation that is not hazardous to the operator or maintenance personnel. 11.8.7 Where a mechanical pump seal is provided, components of the seal shall be corrosion-resisting and capable of operating under conditions normally encountered in pool operation.
11.8.8 Motor(s) shall be capable of operating the pump(s) under full load with a voltage variation of ±10 percent from the nameplate. The nameplate Full Load Amps (FLA) shall not be exceeded by more than 10 percent. 11.8.9 There shall be an easily accessible means of shut-off of the suction and discharge lines for maintenance and removal of the pump.
11.9 Surface skimmer systems 11.9.1 Any surface skimming system provided on aboveground/ onground residential swimming pools shall be designed and constructed to skim the pool surface when the water level is maintained between the minimum and maximum fill level of the pool. 11.9.2 Skimming devices shall be designed and installed so as not to constitute a hazard to the user. 11.9.3 When surface skimmers are used as the sole outlet system, at least one surface skimmer shall be provided for each 800 sq. ft. (74 m2) or fraction thereof of the water surface area. When skimmers are used, they shall be located to optimize skimming action over the surface of the pool. 11.9.4 Skimmers shall be equipped with a vent to serve as a vacuum break.
11.9.5 When surface skimmers are used to provide only a fraction of the outlet system flow, they shall be considered to cover only that fraction of the 800 sq. ft. (74 m2) as defined in 11.9.3.
11.10 Return inlets and suction outlets 11.10.1 The circulation system shall be designed to accommodate 100 percent of the turnover flow rate and shall conform to the residential requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI/ APSP-7 Suction entrapment avoidance for swimming pools, wading pools, spas, hot tubs, and catch basins. 11.10.2 Suction outlets and return inlets shall be provided and arranged to produce a uniform circulation of water and maintain the distribution of sanitizer residual throughout the pool. 11.10.3 When submerged suction outlets are used, they shall conform to the requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI/ APSP-16, Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs, in accordance with the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act of 2008. 11.10.4 Timing/electronic and related devices. The circulation system shall be capable of maintaining water clarity and water chemistry requirements. Time clocks and/or other related devices are permitted to set the operating period of the circulation devices. 11.10.5 When appurtenant devices such as chemical/sanitizer feeders, heaters, and other devices are used, they shall be electrically tied into a timing or electronic device (where applicable) when they are dependent upon circulation pump flow. See manufacturer’s specifications. 11.11 Heaters 11.11.1 This section pertains to appliances using either fossil fuels such as natural gas, propane (LPG), #2 fuel oil, or electric heating equipment for heating pool water. 11.11.2 Heaters shall be tested and shall comply with the requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI Z21.56a - Gas fired pool heaters and/or the latest published edition of ANSI/UL 1261, Electrical water heaters for pools and tubs. Heat pumps shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/UL 1995, Standard Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. for heating and cooling equipment and shall be accepted by a recognized testing facility.
11.11.3 Owner/operator shall routinely check the in-pool water to ensure that the temperature does not exceed 104 °F (40 °C). If adjustments are necessary, those adjustments shall be performed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions or by a qualified technician.
11.11.3.1 Sizing. For efficient and economical operation, it is important that the heater be properly sized. Determine the proper size heater by first determining the area of the swimming pool in square feet. Then select from the manufacturer’s charts the heater that is properly sized for that particular pool. 11.11.3.2 Installation. The heater(s) shall be installed in accordance with all federal, state, and local codes as well as the manufacturer’s recommendations.
11.11.3.3 Support. Heaters shall be installed on a surface with sufficient structural strength to support the heater when it is full of water and operating. The heater shall be level after plumbing, gas, and/or electrical connections are completed. 11.11.3.4 Combustible surfaces. If a heater requires a noncombustible surface per the manufacturer, it shall be placed on a cement surface or other accepted surface per the latest published edition of ANSI Z21.56a, Gas fired pool heaters or as per federal, state, or local codes. 11.11.3.5 Clearances. When installing a heater, adequate clearances shall be maintained on all sides and over the top of the unit. Consult a manufacturer’s instructions for proper clearance.
11.11.3.6 Ventilation. The heater shall have adequate ventilation in order to ensure proper operation in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
11.11.3.7 Makeup air. When installing a fossil fuel heater indoors, proper openings to the room are a necessity. The heater shall be installed in accordance with federal, state, or local codes and the manufacturer’s specifications. 11.11.4 Heating energy source 11.11.4.1 Natural gas energy supply. The heater gas supply piping shall comply with manufacturer’s specifications and the latest published edition of NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code. 11.11.4.2 Important Safety Note: Install a gas cock, properly sized and readily accessible outside the jackets, to stop the flow of natural gas at the heater for service or emergency shutdown. 11.11.5 Propane energy supply. Whenever a propane (LPG) appliance is installed, special attention shall be given to ensure that the storage tank, supply piping, and regulator shall be adequately sized to ensure operating fuel pressures as specified by the appliance manufacturer. Consult the fuel supply company and ensure that the system is installed in accordance with the most recent edition of NFPA 54 and the latest published edition of ANSI/NFPA 58 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases.
11.11.5.1 Important Safety Note: Propane gas is heavier than air and therefore can create an extreme hazard of explosion or suffocation if the heater is installed in a pit or enclosed area. The latest published edition of NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, and NFPA 58, contain a provision to install valves and other controls in pits and similar areas. 11.11.5.2 Important Safety Note: Install a gas cock, properly sized and readily accessible outside the jacket, to stop the flow of propane (LPG) at the heater for service or emergency shutdown. 11.11.6 Electrical energy supply. Electric heating appliances shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of Article 680 of the National Electrical Code (NEC®) and any federal, state, or local codes. 11.11.6.1 Important Safety Note: Grounding and Bonding. To reduce the hazard of electrical shock, the requirements for grounding and bonding are particularly important and shall be adhered to. 11.11.6.1.1 Heater circulation system water flow through the heater, any bypass plumbing installed, any back-siphoning protection, and the use of CPVC Sch. 80, or heat sinks, or the equivalents shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and local codes. 11.11.7 Special consideration. When a manufacturer recommends that the heater be turned off prior to stopping the water flow, the use of mechanisms such as a “fireman’s switch” may be used. This device is used to turn the heater off before the pump is turned off to ensure that the heater cools off properly. NOTE: The “fireman’s switch” does not protect against a manual override or a system shutdown in the event of power failure. 11.12 Heaters shall be located so as to prevent their being used as a means of access to the pool by young children and in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs. 12 Water supply 12.1 Treatment. The water supply serving the pool, which comes from a variety of sources, shall meet the requirements of Appendix A before the bather uses the pool. 12.2 Backflow. No direct mechanical connection shall be made between the potable water supply and the pool, sanitizing equipment, or the system of piping for the pool, unless it is protected against back-pressure in a manner approved by the state or local authority or through an air gap that complies with the latest published edition of ANSI/ASME A112.1.2, Air gaps in plumbing systems, or other equivalent means approved by the state or local authority.Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. 13 Waste water disposal 13.1 Backwash water may be permitted to discharge into a sanitary sewer through an approved air gap, into an approved surface disposal system, or by other means approved by state or local authority.
14 Sanitizing equipment, oxidation equipment,
UV light units, and chemical feeders
15.2 Lighting, when installed, shall be in accordance with the latest published edition of NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code (NEC®) Article 680 and local codes.
14.1 Compliance. When chemical feeders are used to add the sanitizing agent to the pool or spa water, the chemical feeders shall be capable of introducing a sufficient quantity of an EPA-registered sanitizing agent to maintain the appropriate residual concentrations. 14.1.1 Electrically operated chemical feeders, UV Light Units, and ozone generators shall be tested and approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. 14.2 Chemical feeders. Manufacturer’s specifications shall be used when installing and maintaining chemical feeders, and using the chemical compound specified by the manufacturer. 14.2.1 Chemical feed systems shall be installed so they cannot operate unless there is return flow to properly disburse the chemical throughout the pool as designed. If the device has an independent timer, the filter and chemical feed pump timers shall be interlocked. 14.2.2 Floating chemical dispensers shall not be used when bathers are in the pool. 14.3 Supplemental treatment equipment. The installation and use of ozone generating equipment shall conform to manufacturer’s specifications. 14.3.1 Supplemental treatment equipment shall be used in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer and other chemical treatments to meet the chemical operating parameters. 14.3.2 Manufacturer’s specifications shall be used to determine where and how these units shall be installed within the circulation system. 15 Electrical requirements 15.1 All electrical components installed in and/or adjacent to an aboveground/onground residential swimming pool shall be installed in accordance with and shall comply with the requirements of the latest published edition of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC®) Article 680, Swimming pools, fountains, and similar installations, and any state or local code. To apply the NEC’s interpretation of electrical requirements for pools, see 15.2.1 and 15.2.2.
15.2.1 The National Electrical Code defines a Storable Swimming or Wading Pool as a pool that is constructed on or above the ground and are capable of holding water to a maximum depth of 42 in. (1.07 m), or a pool with nonmetallic, molded polymeric walls or inflatable fabric walls regardless of dimensions. 15.2.2 The National Electrical Code defines Permanently Installed Swimming, Wading and Therapeutic Pools as pools that are constructed in the ground or partially in the ground, and all others capable of holding water in a depth greater than 42 in. (1.07 mm), and all pools installed inside of a building, regardless of water depth, whether or not served by electrical circuits of any nature. 15.3 Underwater lighting 15.3.1 Submersible pool lighting to illuminate the water for the user shall comply with the latest published edition of NFPA 70, Articles 680.23 Underwater luminaires (Lighting Fixtures), 680.23(A) General, 680.23(A) (1), Luminaire (fixture) design, normal operation, 680.23(B) Wet-niche luminaires (fixtures), 680.23(C) Dry-niche luminaires (fixtures), and the latest published edition of UL676 Underwater Luminaires and Submersible Junction Boxes. 15.3.2 Underwater lights having front access shall be installed and removed only with the use of tools. 15.4 Receptacles. Pool shall be located at a minimum (a) distance of 6 ft (1.83 m) from any receptacle, and all 125-volt 15- and 20-ampere receptacles located within 20 ft (6.0 m) of the pool shall be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI), where distances are by measuring the shortest path the supply cord of an appliance connected to the receptacle would follow, without piercing a floor, wall, ceiling, doorway with hinged or sliding door, window opening, or other effective permanent barrier, to the inside wall of the pool. Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
Appendix A (Non-Mandatory) Chemical Operational Parameters
This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only.
KEY APSP-1 Public Inground Pools NSPI-2 Public Spas APSP-3 Residential Permanent Spas APSP-4 Residential Aboveground/Onground Pools
These guidelines set forth the suggested operational parameters for the proper chemical treatment and maintenance of pools and spas. Applicable health department guidelines and label directions supersede these parameters. Chemical treatment alone will not produce sanitary pool and spa water. A filtration system in proper operational condition is also required to attain clear and sanitary water. APSP-5 Residential Inground Swimming Pools APSP-6 Residential Portable Spas IAF-9 Aquatic Recreation Facilities APSP-11 Water Quality for Public Pools and Spas
A. SANITIZER LEVELS 1. Sanitizer Residual A residual of an EPA-registered sanitizer shall be present at all times and in all areas of the pool or spa. One of the following EPA-registered sanitizer systems shall be used: chlorine; bromine; PHMB; or metal-based systems. EPA-registered pool and/or spa sanitizers and systems with EPA-accepted labels indicating chlorine levels outside of the ranges in this appendix must be used in accordance with the product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements. 1. Free Chlorine, ppm
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11 1.0 2.0−4.0 The U.S. EPA has established a maximum chlorine level of 4.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into the water. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of chlorine levels above 4.0 ppm. Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels. • Test kits are available for a variety of free chlorine ranges. • Free chlorine test color (DPD) may be completely or partially bleached by chlorine levels greater than 5 ppm to give a false low reading. For appropriate test kit, consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer. Regular oxidation is recommended and remedial practices may be necessary. NSPI-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11 2.0 2.0−4.0 The U.S. EPA has established a maximum chlorine level of 5.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into spas. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of chlorine levels above 5.0 ppm. Public spas and swim spas: During hours of operation, test the water hourly, record the results, maintain the ideal range continually, and shock treat at the end of the daily use period. Residential spas and swim spas: Maintain these levels continually during hours of operation. Test water before use. During extended use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use. 2. Combined Chlorine, ppm High combined chlorine results in reduced sanitizer efficacy. Take remedial action to reduce combined chlorine.
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 APSP-3 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-6 IAF-9 APSP-11
0 0.2 Signs of combined chlorine: Sharp chlorine-like odor and eye irritation (e.g., mucous membrane). 0 Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
NSPI-2 APSP-11 0 0 0.5
(continued)
3. Total Bromine, ppm NOTE: Refer to manufacturer’s product label for specific use concentrations. Use concentrations vary between different types of brominating compounds. EPA-registered pool and/or spa sanitizers and systems with EPA-accepted labels indicating bromine levels outside of the ranges in this appendix must be used in accordance with the product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements.
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11 1.0 2.0–3.0 Residential pools 3.0–4.0 Public pools The U.S. EPA allows maximum bromine levels of up to 8.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into the water. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of bromine levels above 8.0 ppm. • Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels. • Public swimming pools require maintenance of higher total bromine residuals than residential pools. • Regular oxidation is recommended. NSPI-2 Residential: During hours of operation, maintain these levels APSP-3 continually. Test water before use. During extended use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use.
2.0 2.0–4.0 Residential spas APSP-6 APSP-11
4.0–6.0 Public spas and swim spas
Public: During hours of operation, maintain the ideal range continually. Test the water hourly and record results. Shock treat water after use. 4. PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide), ppm as product Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities 30 30–50 50 Certain classes of pool chemicals or treatment processes are incompatible with PHMB sanitizer. The pool or spa owner should consult with the supplier of PHMB if there is any question about compatibility of an auxiliary chemical or process. These include, but are not limited to: • Chlorine/bromine sanitizers • Copper-based algicides • Monopersulfate (peroxymonosulfate) oxidizers • Phosphate-based chelating (metal sequestering) agents and detergents • Electrolytic chlorinators • Metal-based ionizers When used with ozone, follow manufacturer’s directions. Consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer for appropriate test kit. Regular oxidation is recommended with a compatible oxidizer, such as hydrogen peroxide. 5. Metal-Based System Any metal-based system used must incorporate an EPA-registered sanitizer; follow product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements. B. CHEMICAL VALUES NOTE: When operating outside the ideal ranges, an LSI calculation should be performed to ensure the water is balanced. 1. pH Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities 7.2 7.4 – 7.6 7.8 If pH is too low: • rapid dissipation of sanitizer • plaster and concrete etching • eye discomfort • corrosion of metalsCopyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. • vinyl liner wrinkling If pH is too high: • low chlorine efficacy • scale formation • cloudy water • eye discomfort
2. Total Alkalinity (Buffering) ppm as CaCO3 *
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments
All facilities 60 80–100 for calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite 180 If total alkalinity is too low: • pH bounce • corrosion tendency If total alkalinity is too high: • cloudy water
60 100−120 for sodium dichlor, trichlor, chlorine gas, and bromine compounds 180 • Increased scaling potential • pH tends to be too high or to drift upward more rapidly. * These values are based on the alkalinity from bicarbonate and carbonate only. Alkalinity should be corrected to account for cyanuric acid when used (see APSP-11, Section A 7.5).
3. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ppm
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities NA NA 1500 ppm greater than TDS at pool or spa start-up. (Start-up TDS includes source water TDS and any other inorganic salt added at start-up or later.) An increase in TDS may indicate an accumulation of impurities during the course of operation. Excessively high TDS (excluding the amount of sodium chloride added) may lead to hazy water and scale formation and corrosion of fixtures, and may inhibit sanitation. TDS can be reduced by partial draining and addition of fresh water. For spas: TDS should be periodically reduced by draining. (See Section K, Water Replacement Procedure.) 4. Calcium Hardness, ppm, as CaCO3
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11 150 200−400 1000 Total alkalinity and pH may need to be adjusted to the lower end of their respective ranges if hardness is over 500 ppm. NSPI-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11
100 150−250 800 5. Heavy Metals Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities NA NA If excessive heavy metals (such as copper, iron, and manganese) are present: • staining may occur • water may discolor • filter cycle may decrease and require more frequent backwashing • may indicate pH too low, corrosion, metallic source water, excessive metal ions from treatment chemicals, etc. 6. Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments
All facilities −0.3 0.0− +0.5 +0.5
C. BIOLOGICAL VALUES Maintaining adequate sanitizer levels is critical to prevent growth of algae and bacteria. 1. Visible Algae
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments
All facilities None visible None visible None visible If algae growth is observed, recommendations may include but are not limited to: • superchlorinate the pool or spa. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used. • Use an EPA-registered algicide according to label directions. • Supplement with brushing and vacuuming. • Some algicides may cause foaming.
2. Bacteria
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities (See APSP11) (See APSP11) (See APSP-11) Public facilities: If bacteria count exceeds local health department requirements, superchlorinate and follow proper maintenance procedures. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used. Residential facilities: Maintain proper sanitizer level and pH to control bacteria. D. STABILIZER (WHEN USED) 1. Cyanuric Acid, ppm
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities 10 30-50 100 If stabilizer is too low: Chlorine residual is rapidly destroyed by sunlight. If stabilizer is too high: May reduce chlorine efficacy against algae and pathogens. The effect of cyanuric acid on slowing the oxidation of organics, kill rates of bacteria, viruses, and algae has been demonstrated, primarily in controlled laboratory studies. However, no disease outbreaks linked to cyanuric levels in properly sanitized pools have been reported. NOTE: Cyanuric acid is not recommended for indoor pools or spas where protection from sunlight is not necessary. Cyanuric acid does not stabilize bromine sanitizers. E. OXIDATION Regular oxidation is recommended for pools and spas with normal bather load as a preventive treatment. 1. Chlorine Products
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11 NSPI-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11 As needed Weekly At the end of each day facility is used
Determined by bather load, weather conditions
Some high-use pools may require oxidation several times per week. Regular oxidation is recommended to prevent the build-up of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined chlorine, and improve water clarity. Chlorine should not be used to oxidize a pool or spa sanitized by PHMB.Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
2. Potassium Monopersulfate
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments
APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11 NSPI-2 APSP-3 As needed Weekly At the end of each day facility is used
Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.
Some high-use pools may require oxidation several times per week. Regular oxidation is recommended to prevent the build-up of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined chlorine and improve water clarity. Potassium monopersulfate will measure as combined available chlorine in DPD test system. Refer to test kit manufacturer’s directions. APSP-6 APSP-11
Potassium monopersulfate should not be used to oxidize a pool or spa sanitized by PHMB. 3. Hydrogen Peroxide
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities Monthly As needed Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc. Hydrogen peroxide should be used only with PHMB sanitizers. Hydrogen peroxide should not be used as an oxidizer for pools and spas sanitized by chlorine or bromine. F. REMEDIAL PRACTICES 1. Superchlorination
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities Follow label directions. Use a registered chlorine sanitizer. Do not re-enter pool or spa until water meets the prescribed values in Section A. Do not superchlorinate a pool or spa treated by PHMB. Some symptoms that may indicate a need for superchlorination are: • cloudy water • slime formation • musty odors • difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual • algae and/or high bacteria counts • eye irritation from chloramines For fecal response guidelines, refer to http://www.cdc.gov/ healthywater/swimming/index.html 2. Superchlorination to establish breakpoint, dosage in ppm
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 NSPI-2 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11 At least 10 times combined chlorine
High dosage may be required to satisfy chlorine demand. If combined chlorine persists, water replacement should be considered. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used. Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
3. Shock Treatment and Shock Oxidizers Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments
All facilities Some conditions that may indicate a need for a shock or a shock oxidizer are: • cloudy water • difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual • periods after heavy bather use • adverse weather Shock oxidizers are not sanitizers. They are effective in oxidizing organic contaminants. If the purpose is to treat bacteria or visible algae, an EPA-registered shock product should be used; follow label directions. Spas should be shocked or shock-oxidized on a daily basis when used.
4. Chlorine Dioxide - THIS SECTION IS VACATED. Explanation: Chlorine dioxide was withdrawn from the U.S. pool market and is no longer federally regulated.
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments As needed Determined by occurrence of biofilms in skimmer or plumbing, or by abrupt disappearance of hydrogen peroxide White or pink-colored biofilms can infest the plumbing of PHMB pools and eventually spread onto pool surfaces. On other occasions, the biofilms will be hidden from view, but will cause a rapid decrease in hydrogen peroxide. Chlorine dioxide kills the peroxide-degrading organisms, but should be used only to treat the plumbing and not the pool itself. Follow label directions. 5. Clarification/Flocculation
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities As needed Follow manufacturer’s directions. 6. Algicides
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities As needed Use U.S. EPA-registered products. Follow manufacturer’s directions. Use of some algicides may cause foaming. 7. Foam Control
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities As needed There shall be no persistent foam (foam remaining in a spa after the jets are turned off).
Foam may harbor persistent microorganisms. If foaming is not adequately controlled, consider a daily shock or oxidation treatment, water replacement, or an appropriate antifoam agent. Follow manufacturer’s directions. 8. Nitrates Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities Nitrate ion is a nutrient for algae and a number of bacteria. Elevated algae and bacteria populations associated with elevated nitrate ion concentrations create a significant chlorine demand. Nitrate ion is at the highest oxidation state of nitrogen, and does not have a chlorine demand.Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
9. Phosphate
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments
All facilities Phosphate is an oxidized form of phosphorous. Phosphorous is a non-metallic element and an essential nutrient for all living organisms, including bacteria and algae. Phosphate does not create a chlorine demand since the phosphate ion does not react with free chlorine. However, inadequate maintenance and sanitization can allow algae and bacteria to reproduce rapidly by using phosphorous as a nutrient. Under these circumstances, the multiplying algae or bacterial populations will cause chlorine demand.
G. TEMPERATURE
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities Personal preference 78–94°F (26–34°C) depending on pool type and use Up to 104°F (40 °C) depending on spa type and use 104°F (40°C) If temperature is too low: • bather discomfort If temperature is too high: • excessive fuel requirement • increased evaporation • bather discomfort • increased scaling potential • increased use of sanitizers Overexposure to hot water may cause nausea, dizziness, and fainting. The Consumer Product Safety Commission states: “Hot tub water temperatures should never exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit.” Temperatures well below 104°F (40°C) are recommended for extended use (exceeding 10−15 minutes) or for pregnant women, people with certain medical conditions or medications, and for young children. H. WATER CLARITY
Standard Minimum Comments All facilities The deepest part of the pool or spa and/or main drain shall be visible and sharply defined. Pools: Pool water shall be of a clarity to permit an 8 in. (203 mm) diameter black and white Secchi disc or main suction outlet (main drain) located on the bottom of the pool at its deepest point to be clearly visible and sharply defined from any point on the deck up to 30 feet (9.14 m) away in a direct line of sight from the disc or main drain. Spas: The bottom of the spa at its deepest point shall be clearly visible.** ** This test shall be performed when the water is in a nonturbulent state and bubbles have been allowed to dissipate. If water is turbid: • sanitizer level may be low • filtration/circulation system may require maintenance or increased run (filtering) time • improper chemical balance (Section B) • consult remedial practices (Section F) I. SUPPLEMENTAL SANITIZERS 1. Ozone: Concentration in air above pool or spa water, ppm
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities 0.1 ppm over eight-hour timeweighted average and 0.3 ppm for any 15-minute period
• Serves as oxidizer of water contaminants. • Ozone shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. sanitizer. • Indoor installations should have adequate ventilation. • When ozone is used for indoor installations, air monitoring is required. See OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.
2. UV
Standard Minimum Ideal All facilities As needed UV lamps shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer.
Maximum Comments
J. OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL (ORP)
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 NSPI-2 IAF-9 APSP-11 When an ORP controller is used, it shall not be relied upon as a method for measuring the concentration of sanitizer in the water. The sanitizer level shall be measured with traditional wet chemical methods capable of detecting specific sanitizer residuals (e.g. DPD, N, N-diethyl-p-phenylene diamine for free available chlorine), to ensure that the minimum sanitizer residual is maintained. For PHMB-treated pools, levels for ORP values are not applicable. ORP reading may be affected by a number of factors including, but not limited to, pH, probe condition, cyanuric acid, sanitizer type, and supplemental oxidizers. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations. K. WATER REPLACEMENT
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11 The water should be drained and replaced at a rate of 7 gallons per bather. It is recommended that regular water replacement be applied to pools, although certain circumstances may prohibit this practice (e.g., drought conditions) or make it unnecessary (e.g., supplementary water treatments such as reverse osmosis to extract contaminants from the water). Evaporation loss will not remove contaminants; make-up water for evaporation loss should not be counted as water drained and replaced. NSPI-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11 Water in spas or hot tubs with high bather use requires partial or complete replacement of water periodically. Water in spas or hot tubs with high bather use requires complete replacement of water per the replacement guidelines below.
Water replacement is necessary to dilute dissolved solids, to maintain water clarity, and to do necessary routine maintenance. Water replacement can be necessary even if water has been maintained properly. High bather use is defined as amount of bathers per day, not necessarily the amount of time each bather is in pool or spa. Frequent water replacement is required to control TDS buildup from bathers and treatment chemicals: Residential: Drain and refill every three months with average use. More frequent water replacement is required for heavy use. Public: More frequent water replacement is required due to heavier bather loads. This procedure provides guidelines on how to determine the frequency for which spa or hot tub water should be replaced. Test the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and calculate the WRI (Water Replacement Interval) to determine when a spa needs to be drained. Drain the spa completely, clean it thoroughly, and refill it with source water when either of the following conditions is met: 1. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the spa water exceeds the source-water TDS by 1,500 ppm or more, OR 2. The Water Replacement Interval (WRI) is less than or equal to the number of days since the last time the water was drained. WRI is calculated as shown in the formula and examples:Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. WRI, days = (1/3) × (Spa Volume, U.S. Gallons) (No. Bathers/Day)
Example 1 The TDS of the original source water was measured and recorded to be 800 ppm. The TDS of the spa water now reads 2,500 ppm. The difference is greater than 1,500 ppm (2,500 ppm – 800 ppm = 1,700 ppm). Therefore, the spa should be drained immediately. Example 2 Consider a 600 gallon (2.271 kL) spa last drained and refilled on Sunday evening, with the usage pattern outlined in the table below:
600 Gallon (2.271 kL) Spa Usage Pattern Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Bathers Water changed at end of day 85 2 19 20 105 100 50 The WRI is computed in the table below and compared to the interval since the last change. If the Difference (WRI – Days since last change) is less than or equal to zero, the spa should be drained. 600 Gallon (2.271 kL) Spa Usage Pattern Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Bathers Water changed at end of day 85 2 19 20 105 100 50
WRI 2 2 11 5 1 2 1
Difference (WRI minus Days since last change) – 1 0 10 3 –2 1 –1
Change Water (Difference = <0?) NO YES NO NO YES NO YES L. TESTING FREQUENCY 1. Ozone
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments
All facilities The parameters for sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature shall be met at all times. Exceptions: when shocking/ oxidizing the pool, when closed for the season, or similar activities. Testing frequency shall be sufficient to ensure that the sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature (spa) standards set forth in this document are met at all times. Several factors will determine how often testing is required. Weather, water conditions, facility design, and bather load are the primary factors for determining how often pools and spas should be tested. Depending on the facility, testing may be required every one or two hours during operation. Rain and wind will introduce materials to the water such as plant debris (leaves, pollen), dirt, airborne pollutants, and other contaminants that will decrease sanitizer concentrations and increase the likelihood of chloramines. Rain also tends to decrease pH and alkalinity readings. After a major rainstorm, sanitizer, pH, and alkalinity should be tested. Bathers introduce microorganisms and body oils that increase sanitizer demand. Bathers usually will cause a decrease in pH. If there is a high bather load, particularly in a spa, the sanitizer and pH should be checked more frequently. M. AIR QUALITY
Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments
All facilities
–All pools and their related components that are installed in an indoor environment shall comply with the ventilation requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, Table 6-1, “Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone,” Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. (Sports and Entertainment Section).
Appendix B (Non-Mandatory) Signage Warning Against Shallow Water Diving
Recommended methods to warn against shallow water diving may include but are not limited to:
A. Safety Signs The use of a warning sign as a device to warn against shallow water diving is still an open question before the Human Factors Society and others as to whether or not signage is an effective means that will modify human behavior to prevent accidents.
If warning signs are chosen as a means to warn against shallow water diving, the signage should be in compliance with ANSI Z535 Series of standards for safety signs and colors or the latest revision. B. Additional Signage Use The ANSI Z535 Series of Standards reflects the consensus of various experts on warning sign appearance and content. Signage that is consistent with the ANSI Z535 Standards is permitted to be added to components, equipment, facilities, or installations, to provide additional information.
Manufacturers are permitted to either affix additional signage to their products or packaging, or to supply the signage with the product to be affixed at the time of installation. Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
Appendix C (Non-Mandatory) Safety Considerations and Warning Recommendations
In addition to requirements established by the authority having jurisdiction, The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA) suggests that the builders/installers of swimming pools advise the initial owner/ operator of a public pool of the following. Warning Recommendations: The PHTA suggests the builder/ installer advise the pool owner of the risk of drowning, especially for children under the age of five, and the risk of diving into shallow water in one or more of the following ways: verbally, through publications, or signage. The following are suggested recommendations: Prevent Unsupervised Access to the Pool or Hot Tub. Apply multiple layers of protection to secure the pool and hot tub area and minimize the likelihood that anyone could gain unsupervised entry to the pool or hot tub. Multiple layers include: • Non-climbable 4-sided fencing that is at least 4' high with self-closing, self-latching gates. • Automatic locks and alarms on all doors (including pet doors) and windows that lead to the water. • Pool and hot tub covers. • Pool alarms. • When children are not intended to be in the water, keep pool toys out of the water and out of sight. • Keep chairs, tables and other items a child could climb on away from the pool or hot tub enclosure. For detailed information on barriers, download Safety Barrier Guidelines for Residential Pools from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission website. (https://www.cpsc.gov) Lifesaving Equipment: PHTA suggests that the builder/installer advise the pool owner/operator that basic lifesaving equipment including one or more of the following items should be on hand at all times: • A light, strong, rigid pole not less than 12 feet (3.7 m) long • A minimum 0.25 inch (6 mm) diameter throwing rope as long as 1.5 times the maximum width of the pool or 50 feet (15.2 m), whichever is less, which has been firmly attached to a Coast Guard-approved ring buoy having an outside diameter of approximately 15 inches (381 mm), or some other similar flotation device.
Safety Considerations for Pool Owner/Operators: For additional safety information see www.PHTA.org. This standard does not replace good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool by others, owners/ operators must consider the skill, attitude, training, and experience of the expected user. It is the pool owner/operator’s responsibility to learn, understand, and enforce these basic safety principles and rules: • Encourage children to learn how to swim. • Never allow diving, jumping, or sliding into shallow water. • Adequate adult supervision is required when the pool is in use. • Adequate adult supervision is always required when children are present. • Encourage parents to learn CPR. • Encourage children to never swim alone. • Keep all electrical radios, speakers, and other appliances away from the swimming pool. • Do not allow roughhousing and horseplay. • Keep deck clean and clear of objects that may create a hazard. • Keep all breakable objects out of the pool area. • Alcohol consumption and pool activities do not mix. Never allow anyone to swim, dive, or slide under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Do’s and Don’ts for Diving into swimming pools with manufactured diving equipment, diving rocks, and stationary diving platforms: • Do know the shape of the pool bottom and the water depth before you dive or slide headfirst. • Do plan your path to avoid submerged obstacles, surface objects, or other swimmers. • Do learn headfirst entries using a progression from a certified instructor. • Do know the depth of the water and the shape of the pool bottom before you dive. (The depth should be at least 9 feet deep, according to guidance from the American Red Cross.)Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. • Do dive straight ahead, never off to the side. • Do hold your head up, arms up, and steer up with your hands.
• Do practice carefully before you dive or slide. • Do test the diving board for its spring before using. • Do remember that when you dive down, you must steer up. • Do dive straight ahead, not off the side of the diving board. • Don’t drink and dive. • Don’t dive or slide headfirst in the shallow part of the pool. • Don’t dive from any place that is not specifically designed for diving. • Don’t ever dive head first into shallow water (5 feet/1.5 m or less). • Don’t dive across the narrow part of the pool. • Don’t run and dive. • Don’t dive from any place that is not specifically designed for diving. • Don’t engage in horseplay on diving or sliding equipment. • Don’t use diving equipment as a trampoline. • Don’t do a back dive. • Don’t try fancy dives; keep the dives simple. • Don’t dive or slide headfirst at or through objects such as inner tubes.
• Don’t put diving or sliding equipment on a pool that wasn’t designed for it. • Don’t swim or dive alone. • Don’t dive into unfamiliar bodies of water. Rules for General Use of Swimming Pool Slides.* Under all circumstances you should prohibit: • All headfirst entry from slide. • Horseplay. • Any slide entries by non-swimmers into deep water, to protect them from drowning. • Standing on the top of a slide or outside the guardrails. • Jumping from a slide. • Diving from a slide. • Sliding into areas with submerged obstacles, surface objects, or other swimmers. • Do not engage in extended breath holding activi- ties underwater * Consult safe use instructions of the pool slide manufacturer. Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
Appendix D (Non-Mandatory) English Standard-Metric Conversion Tables (Approximate Factors)
This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only. Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
Appendix E (Non-Mandatory) Safety Brochures and Education Programs
Consumer awareness information is available on the following topics: Children Aren’t Waterproof Entrapment Avoidance Guidelines Layers of Protection Start with You Plan Your Dive, Steer Up Pool and Spa Emergency Procedures for Infants and Children The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Aboveground/Onground Swimming Pool The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Inground Swimming Pool The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Spa or Hot Tub These brochures are published by the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, and are available at www.PHTA.org.
Safety Education Programs and Materials Educational programs and materials (i.e., seminars, workshops, brochures, videos, instructional guides, etc.) are available from PHTA, other aquatic safety groups, and private firms. As a means of communicating useful safety information to pool owners/ operators and users, industry members are permitted to provide such information to owners/operators and to request or require owners/operators to sign a statement that they have received, read, and will follow the guidelines. Pool & Hot Tub Alliance 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500 Alexandria, VA 22314 www.PHTA.org Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
Appendix F (Non-Mandatory) Sources of Material
ANSI American National Standards Institute 25 West 43rd Street New York NY 10036 212-642-4900 www.ansi.org APSP Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (formerly National Spa and Pool Institute) 2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22314 703-838-0083 www.apsp.org ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 3 Park Avenue New York NY 10016 212-591-8562 www.asme.org ASTM ASTM International (formerly American Society of Testing & Materials) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 610-832-9585 610-832-9555 (fax) www.atsm.org NEC National Electrical Code (see NFPA) NFPA National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy MA 02269 617-770-3000 www.nfpa.org NSF NSF International 789 N. Dixboro Rd. P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor MI 48113-0140 734-769-8010 www.nsf.org NSPI National Spa and Pool Institute (ss APSP) PHTA Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (formerly Association of Pool and Spa Professionals) 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500 Alexandria VA 22314 703-838-0083 www.phta.org UL Underwriters Laboratories 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook IL 60062-2096 847272-8800 www.ul.com
(Approved by the American National Standards Institute June 6, 2022) Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved.
ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022)
American National Standard for Familiarity with the ANSI/PHTA standards is essential for anyone who builds, manufactures, sells, or services pools, spas or hot tubs. Aboveground/Onground Residential Pools Copyright © 2022 by the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance. All rights reserved. 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500 Alexandria VA 22314-4679 703.838.0083 memberservices@PHTA.org PHTA.org
