ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool Energy Efficiency by thePHTA

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency Tu

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American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency

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Familiarity with PHTA’s ANSI-approved American National Standards is essential for anyone who builds, manufactures, sells, or services pools, spas or hot tubs.

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Approved August 2, 2021

5272ND

2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22314-4695 703.838.0083 memberservices@PHTA.org | PHTA.org

5272 PHTA STANDARDS cover ICC-15 2022.indd All Pages

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

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American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency

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SECRETARIAT:

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Pool & Hot Tub Alliance 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500 Alexandria, VA 22314 (703) 838-0083 PHTA.org

Approved August 2, 2021 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard (ANS) requires verification by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standard developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved this standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

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The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard.

Important Notice about this Document

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This voluntary standard has been developed under the published procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The ANSI process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus.

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The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA) does not write the standards. Rather, PHTA facilitates a forum for its members, and others interested in pool and spa design and safety, to develop standards through the consensus procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). While the PHTA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its codes and standards.

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In issuing and making this document available, the PHTA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the PHTA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. The PHTA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication of, use of, or reliance on this document.

The PHTA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. The PHTA does not list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the PHTA. Any certification of products stating compliance with requirements of this document is the sole responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. The PHTA, its members, and those participating in its activities do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions given herein, for any restrictions imposed on materials, or for the accuracy and completeness of the text.

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Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstance. It is assumed and intended that pool users will exercise appropriate personal judgment and responsibility and that public pool owners and operators will create and enforce rules of behavior and warnings appropriate for their facility.

Copyright Notice Copyright 2021 by Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transcribed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means or method, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without advance written permission from the publisher: Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695. The APSP The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals® word mark and the APSP logo are trademarks of The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals registered in the U.S. The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance® word mark and logo are registered trademarks of The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals d/b/a Pool & Hot Tub Alliance registered in the U.S. ©2021 The Pool and Hot Tub Alliance

Foreword This foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only. The ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency was approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on August 2, 2021. This standard is a revision of ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 2011 American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency and is consolidated with Addenda A, approved by ANSI on January 9, 2013.

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The objective of this voluntary standard is to provide recommended minimum guidelines for the energy efficiency of permanently installed residential aboveground/onground and inground swimming pools and inground spas. This standard is intended to meet the new requirements of the Department of Energy’s Dedicated Purpose Pool Pump (DPPP) Rule. It is understood that for the sake of applicability and enforceability, the style and format of the standard may need adjustment to meet code or ordinance style of the jurisdiction adopting this document. In the previous version of this standard, there was a focus on only the circulating pumps; the new federal rule now applies to all pumps, regardless of their use or purpose. The changes to this version of this standard reflect the requirements of the federal DPPP Rule. The PHTA does not certify, test, or endorse any product.

The recommendations and testing practices in this standard are based upon sound engineering principles, research, and field experience that, when applied properly, contribute to the delivery and installation of a safe product.

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The words “safe” and “safety” are not absolutes. While the goals of this standard are to design and construct a safe, enjoyable product, it is recognized that risk factors cannot, as a practical matter, be reduced to zero in any human activity. This standard does not replace the need for good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool or spa by others, owners must consider the skill, attitude, training, and experience of the expected user.

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As with any product, the specific recommendations for installation and use provided by the manufacturer should be carefully observed.

This standard was prepared by the PHTA-15 Standard Writing Committee (SWC) of The Pool and Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA) in accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards.

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Consensus approval was achieved by a ballot of the PHTA Standards Consensus Committee (SCC) and through an ANSI Public Review process. The ANSI Public Review provided an opportunity for additional input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, safety experts, state code and health officials, and the public at large.

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Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be sent to the Pool and Hot Tub Alliance, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314.

This standard is published in partnership with the International Code Council (ICC), the leading global source of model codes and standards and building safety solutions that include product evaluation, accreditation, technology, codification, training, and certification. ICC develops and publishes the International Codes, which are adopted as the basis for the building codes used in most states and jurisdictions within the United States as well as many countries around the globe. Additionally, PHTA and ICC have collaborated to develop the first comprehensive model swimming pool and spa code, known as the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (ISPSC). This landmark document incorporates and references material from ANSI/PHTA standards and ICC model codes, to create a stand-alone code that is consistent with codes and standards from both organizations. The ISPSC and this standard are the result of joint efforts between ICC and PHTA as a service to both the swimming pool and spa community and building code professionals. It is the hope of both organizations that they will lead to enhanced safety for pool and spa users around the world.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 Organizations Represented

In accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) procedures, this document will be reviewed periodically. The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance welcomes your comments and suggestions, and continues to review all PHTA standards, which include:

Consensus approval in accordance with ANSI procedures was achieved by ballot of the following PHTA Standards Consensus Committee (SCC) members. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014 American National Standard for Public Swimming Pools NSPI-2 1999 Standard for Public Spas ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 American National Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 American National Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Swimming Pools; includes Addenda A, approved April 4, 2013 ANSI/APSP/ICC-5 2011 American National Standard for Residential Inground Swimming Pools ANSI/APSP/ICC-6 2013 American National Standard for Residential Portable Spas and Swim Spas ANSI/PHTA/ICC-7 2020 American National Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins ANSI/APSP/ICC-8 2005 (R2013) American National Standard for Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs IAF-9 2005 Standard for Aquatic Recreation Facilities ANSI/APSP/ICC-11 2019 American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas ANSI/APSP/ICC/NPC-12 2016 American National Standard for the Plastering of Swimming Pools and Spas; includes Supplement A, approved May 10, 2019 ANSI/APSP/ICC-13 2017 American National Standard for Water Conservation Efficiency in Residential and Public Pools, Spas, Portable Spas, and Swim Spas ANSI/APSP/ICC-14 2019 American National Standard for Portable Electric Spa Energy Efficiency ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency ANSI/APSP/ICC-16 2017 American National Standard for Suction Outlet Fitting Assemblies (SOFA) for Use in Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs

Producers

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Carefree Pools, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John Bently Hayward Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John O’Hare Idaho Aquatic Services, LLC/ Idaho Pool Remodeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scott Heusser Latham Pool Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael Tinkler Master Spas, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nathan Coelho S.R. Smith, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bill Svendsen Team Horner Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lars R. Hagen Van Kirk & Sons, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Cesarone

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Chesapeake Aquatic Consultants, LLC . . . . . . . . Frank H. Goldstein CSG Consultants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mike Teemant G. Burkitt Consulting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gary J. Burkitt, III Higgins Environmental Solutions (National) (Environmental Health Association - HEHA) . . . . . Florence Higgins International Code Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shawn Strausbaugh MasterCorp, Inc. (American Hotel & (Lodging Association) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tony Mendez The Walt Disney Company’s Water Parks & Miniature Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brian Cresse Water Technology Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chuck Neuman World Waterpark Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rick Root

General Interest

User-Consumer

American Red Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connie Harvey United Independent School District . . . . . . . . . . . Louis Sam Fruia

User-Government

PHTA-15 Standard Writing Committee

Cecil County (MD) Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . William V. Funk, Jr. City of Martinsville (VA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kris Bridges, SCC Chair NJ Dept. of Community Affairs Division of Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomas Pitcherello, SCC Vice-Chair Illinois Department of Public Health . . . . . . . . . . Justin DeWitt Texas Department of State Health Services . . . . . Katie O. Moore Town of Flower Mound (TX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomas Vyles Washington State Department of Health . . . . . . . Jun Naotsuka U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mark Eilbert* *non-voting

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Pentair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ken Gregory, Chair Energy Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dan Baldewicz Fluidra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philip Escobedo H2flow Controls Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul Hackett Hayward Industries, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John O’Hare Hayward Industries, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jonathan Trull** International Code Council (ICC) . . . . . . . . . . . . Shawn Strausbaugh Pools by John Garner Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John Garner Speck Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gary Walt Waterway Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ray Mirzaei

PHTA Staff

**alternate voting member

Susan Hilaski,* Senior Director of Standards Genevieve Lynn,* Manager of Standards

Table of Contents Sections

Page

Tables 1

American National Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

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Flow rates and pipe sizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Appendices (Non-Mandatory)

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Chemical Operational Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

2 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Use of Ozone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Filtration, Circulation, and Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Safety Considerations and Warning Recommendations . . . . . . D-1

4 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Signage Warning Against Shallow Water Diving. . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

5 Pool Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Safety Brochures and Education Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1

Explanation of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps (DPPP) . . . . . . G-1

English Standard-Metric Conversion Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1

Sources of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

A System curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Branch piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

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Figures

3 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

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1 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

C-1 Inlets stir water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

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C-2 Inlets tumble water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency 1 Scope

NOTE: Pool and spa clarity is maintained by removing suspended solids through the process of serial dilution, where an equivalent volume of pool or spa water is passed through the filter multiple times as per ANSI/APSP/ICC-11 2019 American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas.

1.1 General. This standard covers energy efficiency requirements for permanently installed residential aboveground/onground and inground swimming pools and inground spas operated by the property owner and used for bathing. This standard is intended to cover certain aspects of the swimming pool filtration and auxiliary system design; equipment, including pool and spa heaters; installation; and operational capabilities, for the purpose of minimizing energy consumption while maintaining water quality and temperature.

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1.6 This standard does not cover swimming pool safety requirements related to issues including, but not limited to, suction entrapment, structural, thermal, or electrical hazards. 1.6.1 Suction entrapment avoidance. When used, submerged suction outlet safety systems shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the latest published version of ANSI/PHTA/ICC-7 American National Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins. For additional guidance, see Appendix I: Entrapment Avoidance.

1.2 Equipment

1.2.1 Dedicated Purpose Pool Pumps (DPPP) shall meet the requirements of this standard.

1.2.2 Pool and spa heaters. Permanently installed aboveground, onground, inground pool heaters and permanently installed inground spa heaters shall meet the requirements of this standard.

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1.7 Other standards are referenced in this standard for items not covered above.

This standard does not cover portable electric spas, which are covered by ANSI/APSP/ICC-14 American National Standard for Portable Electric Spa Energy Efficiency.

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2 Normative References

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1.3.1 Residential inground swimming pool circulation systems that filter and distribute the filtered water to the pool and auxiliary systems shall meet the requirements of this standard.

AHRI 1160 – 2014, Standard for Performance Rating of Heat Pump Pool Heaters1

1.3 Inground pool systems

ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 American National Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas4

1.4 New and existing pools, and spas

ANSI Z21.56 – 2017/CSA 4.7-2017, American National Standard/ CSA Standard For Gas-Fired Pool Heaters2

ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 American National Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Swimming Pools4

1.4.1 All sections of this standard shall apply to new pools, and spas.

1.4.2 Section 5.4 and 5.5 of this standard shall only apply to existing pools when the applicable equipment is replaced.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-5 2011 American National Standard for Residential Inground Swimming Pools4

1.5 Water quality. This standard provides specifications for energy efficient filtration and auxiliary systems, but does not specify sanitizer, or technologies needed to establish and maintain water quality.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-6 2013 American National Standard for Portable Spas and Swim Spas4 ANSI/ASHRAE 146 – 2020, Methods of Testing and Rating Pool Heaters3

1.5.1 Water clarity. The clarity of the water shall be maintained such that the suction outlet fitting assemblies is visible from the pool deck at all times. For pools and spas without drains, clarity can be checked using another visual aid, such as a brush or net positioned in the deepest water.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-7 2020 American National Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins4

1.5.2 Water sanitation. Disinfection shall be provided by a chemical or other process that provides a residual effect in the water that can be measured by portable field test equipment. For additional guidance, see Appendices A, B, and D.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-11 2019 American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas4 DOE Test Procedure for Dedicated Purpose Pool Pumps, (See 10 CFR 431.464(b))9

1.5.3 Turnover flow rate. Water clarity shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1.5.1 by providing a turnover flow rate sufficient to keep pace with the rate at which debris enters the water. Storms and frequent use increase debris loading and may require additional turnovers per day. For additional guidance, see Appendix C: Filtration, Circulation, and Water Clarity.

HI 1.6, Centrifugal Pump Test5 IEEE 114 – 2010, IEE Standard Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction Motors.6

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 NFPA 70 – 2020, National Electrical Code NEC; specific reference to NEC Article 680, Swimming pools, fountains, and similar installations.7

change orientation as part of cleaning and/or circulation systems. Return fittings that are not manually or automatically adjustable are not considered directional inlets for purposes of this standard.

NSF/ANSI/CAN 50 – 2019 Equipment and Chemicals for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water Facilities.8

ELBOW (FITTING). Also called an “ell” or “el.” A plumbing fitting or pipe connection having a quarter bend, 1/8th bend or 1/16th bend. FILTRATION FLOW RATE. A flow rate that will turn over the pool water volume in six hours or more (a rate equal to or less than the maximum filtration flow rate).

3 Definitions ABOVEGROUND/ONGROUND POOL SYSTEMS. Pool filtration equipment designed for use on permanently installed residential aboveground/onground swimming pools as defined in ANSI/APSP/ICC-4, American National Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Swimming Pools.

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FLOW RATE. The quantity of water flowing through a pipe within a specified time, such as the number of gallons flowing past a point in one minute, abbreviated as GPM, or liters per minute, LPM (1 GPM = 3.7854 l/min).

AUXILIARY POOL LOADS. Features, functions, or devices that need higher head and/or flow rates, than those required for pool filtration; including, but not limited to, solar pool heating systems, filter backwashing, pool cleaners, waterfalls, fountains, and spas.

HEAD LOSS. Head loss is a measure of the reduction in the total head (sum of elevation head, velocity head and pressure head) of the fluid as it moves through a fluid system. Frictional loss is that part of the total head loss that occurs as the fluid flows through straight pipes.

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MAXIMUM FILTRATION FLOW RATE. The flow rate needed to turn over the pool water volume in six hours, or a flow rate of 36 gpm (136.27 Lpm), whichever is greater.

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MAXIMUM SYSTEM FLOW RATE. The maximum flow rate for the auxiliary pool loads or the filtration flow rate, whichever is greater.

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DIRECTIONAL INLET. A fitting mounted in the pool wall or floor and attached to the return piping for the purpose of providing up, down, left, and right control of the filtered water returning to the swimming pool. Some directional inlets are adjustable after installation, to maximize distribution and mixing of filtered water. Others automatically

PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS. The pipe and fittings intended for use in the transport of swimming pool filtration water. Fittings include, but are not limited to, elbows, tees, and flow control valves. Pipe and fittings do not include backwash valves (which are addressed separately), equipment connections, or internal equipment piping. POOL PUMP MOTOR CAPACITY. See TOTAL HORSEPOWER.

1 Air-Conditioning Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), 2111 Wilson Blvd, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22201, www.ahrinet.org 2 CSA Group., 8501 East Pleasant Valley Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44131/ Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6 3 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, www. ashrae.org 4 Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA), 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314, (703) 838-0083, www.phta.org 5 Hydraulic Institute (HI), 6 Campus Drive, First Floor North, Parsippany NJ, 07054-4406, (973) 267-9700, www.pumps.org 6 IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA), 3 dark Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997, (212) 419-7900, www.ieee.org 7 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, (617) 770-3000, www.nfpa.org 8 NSF International (NSF), 789 Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140, (734) 769-8010, www.nsf.org 9 U.S. Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Ave. SW, Washington, DC, (202) 586-5000, www.energy.gov

PUMPS. Devices that use an impeller to accelerate water through the housing. Pumps increase the “head” and “flow” of the water.

Dedicated-purpose pool pump {DOE}. Comprises self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, pressure cleaner booster pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, integral-cartridge filter pool pumps, storable electric spa pumps, and rigid electric spa pumps.

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PERMANENTLY INSTALLED SWIMMING POOL. A pool that is constructed in the ground, on the ground, above the ground, or integrated into a building in such a manner that it cannot be readily disassembled for storage.

CAPACITY OF THE MOTOR. The total horsepower, or product of the rated horsepower and the service factor of a motor used on a pool pump (also known as service factor horsepower, or SFHP) based on the maximum continuous duty motor power output rating allowable for the nameplate ambient rating and motor insulation class. Total horsepower = rated horsepower × service factor.

BACKWASH VALVE. A diverter valve designed to reverse the flow of water through a filter. The valve is located between the circulation pump and the filter, including, but not limited to, slide, push-pull, multi-port, and full-flow valves.

Hydraulic horsepower (HHP). The mechanical power transferred to the liquid as it passes through the pump, also known as the term “pump power output.”

Pu,i =

Qi x Hi x SG 3960

Where: Pu,i = the measured pump power output/hydraulic horsepower in hp;

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 RECOVERED ENERGY. Energy obtained from waste by a process or system that extracts energy from the waste material or waste stream of another process or system. Examples include, but are not limited to, waste converted to heat or electricity by an incinerator, and heat transferred from an exhaust airstream to pool or spa water by a heat exchanger.

Qi = the measured flow rate in gpm; Hi = pump total head in ft; and SG = the specific gravity of water which is equivalent to 1.00. Pool filter pump {DOE}. A pump that (1) either includes an integrated basket strainer, or does not include an integrated basket strainer, but requires a basket strainer for operation, as stated in manufacturer literature provided with the pump; and (2) may be distributed in commerce connected to, or packaged with, a sand filter, removable cartridge filter, or other filtration accessory, so long as the filtration accessory is connected with consumerremovable connections that allow the pump to be plumbed to bypass the filtration accessory.

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RESIDENTIAL ABOVEGROUND/ONGROUND SWIMMING POOLS. Permanently installed residential aboveground/onground swimming pools intended for use by a single-family home for noncommercial purposes and with dimensions as defined in ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012, Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Swimming Pools. RESIDENTIAL INGROUND SWIMMING POOLS. Permanently installed residential inground swimming pools intended for use by a singlefamily home for noncommercial purposes and with dimensions as defined in ANSI/APSP/ICC-5 2011, American National Standard for Residential Inground Swimming Pools.

Single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump {DOE}. A dedicatedpurpose pool pump that is capable of operating at only one speed.

RETURN. Refers to the water in the filtration system returning to the pool. The return lines or return side, relative to the pump, can also be defined as the pressure lines or the pressure side of the pump. Water in the returns is delivered back to the pool at the pool inlets.

Multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump {DOE}. A dedicatedpurpose pool pump that is capable of operating at more than two discrete predetermined operating speeds separated by speed increments greater than 100 rpm, where the lowest speed is less than or equal to half of the maximum operating speed and greater than zero, and must be distributed in commerce with an onboard pool pump control (i.e., variable speed drive and user interface or programmable switch) that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times.

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RESIDENTIAL INGROUND SPA. Permanently installed residential inground spa intended for use by a singlefamily home for noncommercial purposes and as defined in ANSI/APSP-3 2014, American National Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas.

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Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump {DOE}. A dedicatedpurpose pool pump that is capable of operating at only two different predetermined operating speeds, where the low operating speed is less than or equal to half of the maximum operating speed and greater than zero, and must be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool pump control (i.e., variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that is capable of changing the speed in response to user preferences; or (2) Without a pool pump control that has the capability to change speed in response to user preferences, but without which the pump is unable to operate without the presence of such a pool pump control.

SERVICE FACTOR. A multiplier applied to the rated horsepower of a pump motor to indicate the percent above nameplate horsepower at which the motor can operate continuously without exceeding its allowable insulation class temperature limit, provided that other design parameters, such rated voltage, frequency and ambient temperature, are within limits. A 1.5 hp (1119 watt) pump with a 1.65 service factor produces 2.475 hp (total horsepower) (1846 watt) at the maximum service factor point.

SERVICE FACTOR HORSEPOWER (ALSO KNOWN AS TOTAL HORSEPOWER). Rated horsepower multiplied by service factor.

Variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump {DOE}. A dedicated-purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at a variety of user-determined speeds, where all the speeds are separated by at most 100 rpm increments over the operating range and the lowest operating speed is less than or equal to one-third of the maximum operating speed and greater than zero. Such a pump must include a variable speed drive and be distributed in commerce either: (1) with a user interface that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times; or (2) without a user interface but be unable to operate without the presence of a user interface.

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SUCTION. Suction created by the pump is how the pool water gets from the skimmers and suction outlets to the filtration system. The suction side and suction lines refer to the vacuum side of the pump. It is at negative atmospheric pressure relative to the pool surface. Gravity systems move the pump suction to a collector vessel, limiting the vacuum potential in the pool to the differences in water level between collector vessel outlet and pool water surface. SYSTEM CURVE. A graph that shows the pressure difference required to induce flow through the entire piping system. It is plotted with head pressure on the vertical axis of the chart and flow rate on the horizontal axis of the chart (see Figure 1).

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 Figure 1. A system curve

4.2.1.3 Electric resistance heating shall not be used, except for inground spas with tight fitting covers that are insulated to at least R-6. Electric resistance heating may be used for pools, in addition to spas, if documentation is provided that at least 60 percent of the annual heating energy is from onsite solar energy or recovered energy. Electric resistance heater manufacturers shall provide the energy efficiency rating with each unit. 4.2.2 Heater efficiency

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4.2.2.1 Gas-fired pool and spa heaters and oil-fired pool spa heaters shall have a thermal efficiency of not less than 78 percent for heaters manufactured before April 16, 2013, and not less than 82 percent for heaters manufactured on or after April 16, 2013 [as required by the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), 10 CFR, Part 430].

4.2.2.2 There is no minimum energy efficiency standard for electric resistance pool heaters.

4.2.2.3 Electric heat pump pool heaters shall have a coefficient of performance (COP) of not less than 4.0 at the low temperature conditions when tested in accordance with AHRI Standard 1160.

SWEEP ELBOW. A type of elbow that has a pressure drop less than the pressure drop of straight pipe with a length of 30 pipe diameters. For example, a 2-inch (51 mm) elbow must have a pressure drop of less than a 5-foot (1.52 m) length of 2-inch (51 mm) straight pipe. TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH). The sum of the difference in elevation between the source and destination and the friction losses in a piping system. It has units of pressure (such as psi) but is commonly given in feet of head. Since friction losses depend on flow rate, the TDH must be specified for a particular flow rate.

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4.2.3 Test methods TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH). The sum of the difference in elevaWEIGHTED ENERGY FACTOR (WEF). WEF is determined as a weighted average of water volumetric flow rate divided by the input power to 4.2.3.1 ANSI Z21.56 – 2006 shall be used for the measurement tion betweenpoolthe and destination andandthe friction the dedicated-purpose pumpsource at different load points. The specific load points weights depend on losses the variety ofin the a dedicated-purpose of gas-fired and oil-fired pool heater efficiency. pool pump and the number of operating speeds with which it is distributed in commerce. piping system. It has units of pressure (such as psi) but is commonly 4.2.3.2 ANSI/ASHRAE 146-2006 shall be used for the measuregiven in feet of head. Since friction losses depend on flow rate, the 4 EQUIPMENT ment of electric resistance pool heater efficiency. TDH must be specified for a particular flow rate. 4.1 Pool filter pumps. Pool filtration pumps are federally regulated and shall be tested, listed and labeled in conformance with the Dedicated Purpose Pool Pump (DPPP) Rule.

TOTAL HORSEPOWER. See SERVICE FACTOR HORSEPOWER. 4.2 Heaters.

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TURNOVER. The act of filtering one volume of water equal to that of the pool. TURNOVER RATE. The period of time, usually in hours, required to circulate a volume of water equal to the pool or spa capacity.

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4.2.1 Energy design. TURNOVER. The act of filtering one volume of water equal to that of 4.2.1.1 Gas-fired pool and spa heaters shall not be equipped with constant burning pilots. the pool.

TURNOVER RATE. The period of time, usually in hours, required to circulate a volume of water equal to the pool or spa capacity.

5 Pool Systems

Aboveground/onground pool systems shall not be required to comply with Sections 5.2.1, 5.3.2.1, 5.3.2.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4, 5.4, and 5.5.

WEIGHTED ENERGY FACTOR (WEF). WEF is determined as a weighted average of water volumetric flow rate divided by the input power to the dedicated-purpose pool pump at different load points. The specific load points and weights depend on the variety of the dedicated-purpose pool pump and the number of operating speeds with which it is distributed in commerce.

5.1 General

5.1.1 All filtration pumps manufactured on or after July 19, 2021, shall be compliant with the Federal DPPP Rule. All filtration pumps manufactured before July 19, 2021, shall meet the requirements of ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 2011. 5.1.2 For maximum energy efficiency, pool filtration should be operated at the lowest possible flow rate for a time period that provides sufficient water turnover for clarity and sanitation in accordance with Section 1.5.

4 Equipment

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4.1 Pool filter pumps. Pool filtration pumps are federally regulated and shall be tested, listed and labeled in conformance with the Dedicated Purpose Pool Pump (DPPP) Rule.

5.1.3 For maximum hydraulic efficiency, sweep elbows, or elbow-type fittings that have a pressure drop of less than the pressure drop of straight pipe with a length of 30 pipe diameters, are recommended.

4.2 Heaters 4.2.1 Energy design 4.2.1.1 Gas-fired pool and spa heaters shall not be equipped with constant burning pilots.

5.1.4 Separate pumps are recommended for auxiliary pool loads that require high flow rates such as spas, pool cleaners, and water features, to allow the maximum filtration flow rate to be kept to a minimum while water quality is maintained in accordance with Section 1.5.

4.2.1.2 All pool and spa heaters shall have a readily accessible on-off switch that is mounted on the outside of the heater and that allows shutting off the heater without adjusting the thermostat setting. ©2021 The Pool and Hot Tub Alliance

4.2.3.3 AHRI 1160 - 2009, Table 2, Standard Rating Conditions – Low Air Temperature, shall be used for the measurement of heat pump pool heater efficiency.

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 NOTE: Pool controls are a critical element of energy efficient pool design. Modern pool controls allow for auxiliary loads such as cleaning systems, solar heating, and temporary water features without compromising energy savings.

EXCEPTION: Pipe and fittings do not include connections or internal piping of equipment, including but not limited to: suction safety systems, pumps, heaters, and sanitizing devices. 5.4.2 For pool filtration pumps, a length of straight pipe that is at least four pipe diameters shall be installed before the pump.

5.2 Maximum filtration flow rate

5.4.3 Solar heating. At least 18 inches (457 mm) of horizontal or vertical pipe shall be installed between the filter and the heater or dedicated suction and return lines, or built-in or built-up connections shall be installed to allow for the future addition of solar heating equipment.

5.2.1 Depending on the size (volume) of the pool, the pool filtration flow rate shall not be greater than the rate needed to turn over the pool water volume in six hours using the equation below or 36 gpm (136.27 Lpm), whichever is greater:

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Maximum Filtration Flow Rate (gpm, Lpm) = pool volume (gallons, liters) ÷ 360

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5.4.4 Directional inlets. The pool shall have directional inlets that adequately mix the pool water.

5.5.1. Velocity calculations for branch piping flow shall allow variations in pipe sizes, provided there are no valves capable NOTE:flowBranch piping branch.is shown as the thin line in Figure 2. of isolating through one NOTE: Branch piping is shown as the thin line in Figure 2.

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Figure 2. Branch piping

5.2.2 Pools with auxiliary pool loads are permitted to use a twospeed pump, multi-speed pump, or variable-speed pump, or a separate pump for each auxiliary pool load. For example, if a spa shares the pool filtration system, either a multi-speed pump is used to provide higher flow or an independent pump is provided to operate the spa.

It always applies to Section 5.3.1 filter sizing and Section 5.4 pipe sizing. The purpose is to provide energy efficient swimming pool filtra5.5 Velocity tion and it does not eliminate the need to evaluate the final system 5.5.1. Velocity calculations for branch piping flow shall allow variadesign for compliance with ANSI/APSP/ICC-5, ANSI/PHTA/ICC-7, and tions in pipe sizes, provided there are no valves capable of isolating EXCEPTION: Pipe and fittings do not include connections or internal piping of equipment, including but not limited to: suction local code. safety systems, heaters, sanitizing devices. flow pumps, through oneandbranch.

5.3 System equipment

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5.3.1 Filter sizing. Filters shall be at least the size specified in NSF/ANSI-50 for public pool intended applications based on the maximum flow rate through the filter.

5.3.1.1 The filter factors that shall be used are:

Cartridge 0.375 gpm/ft2 15 Lpm/m2

Figure 2 Branch piping

5.5.2 For pool filtration pumps, a length of straight pipe that is at least four pipe diameters shall be installed before the pump.

Sand 20 gpm/ft2 813 Lpm/m2 Diatomaceous Earth 2 gpm/ft 81 Lpm/m

5.5.3 Solar heating. At least 18 inches (457 mm) of horizontal or vertical pipe shall be installed between the filter and the heater or dedicated suction and return lines, or built-in or built-up connections shall be installed to allow for the future addition of solar heating equipment. 5.6 Directional inlets. The pool shall have directional inlets that adequately mix the pool water.

5.3.2 Backwash valves. The minimum diameter of backwash valves shall be 2 in. (51 mm) or the diameter of the return pipe, whichever is greater for filters rated over 38 GPM.

5.4 System piping and circulation

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5.4.1 Pool piping and pipe fittings shall be sized according to Table 1, so that the velocity of the water at the maximum filtration flow rate does not exceed 8 feet per second (2.44 meters per second) in the return line and 6 feet per second (1.83 meters per second) in the suction line. NOTE: The minimum pipe sizes in Section 5.5.1 are for filtration energy efficiency. Table 1. Flow rates and pipe sizes Pipe Size: Nominal GPM @ 6 fps Nominal GPM @ 8 fps

1.5" 38 51

2" 63 84

2.5"' 90 119

3" 138 184

3.5" 185 247

4" 238 317

5" 374 499

6" A-1 540 720

8" 936 1247

10" 1475 1966

12" 2093 2791

NOTE: Flow rates are based on the nominal inside diameter for ASTM Standard D1785, schedule 40 PVC pipe. Refer to ANSI/APSP/ICC-5 2011 Standard for Residential Inground Swimming Pools or the ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014 Standard for Public Swimming Pools for pipe velocities.

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

Appendix A (Non-Mandatory) Chemical Operational Parameters This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only. These guidelines set forth the suggested operational parameters for the proper chemical treatment and maintenance of pools and spas. Applicable health department guidelines and label directions supersede these parameters. Chemical treatment alone will not produce sanitary pool and spa water. A filtration system in proper operational condition is also required to attain clear and sanitary water.

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KEY

APSP-5 Residential Inground Swimming Pools

NSPI-2 Public Spas

APSP-6 Residential Portable Spas

APSP-3 Residential Permanent Spas

IAF-9 Aquatic Recreation Facilities

APSP-4 Residential Aboveground/Onground Pools

APSP-11 Water Quality for Public Pools and Spas

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APSP-1 Public Inground Pools

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A. SANITIZER LEVELS 1. Sanitizer Residual A residual of an EPA-registered sanitizer shall be present at all times and in all areas of the pool or spa. One of the following EPA-registered sanitizer systems shall be used: chlorine; bromine; PHMB; or metal-based systems. EPA-registered pool and/or spa sanitizers and systems with EPA-accepted labels indicating chlorine levels outside of the ranges in this appendix must be used in accordance with the product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements. 1. Free Chlorine, ppm Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 1.0 2.0−4.0 The U.S. EPA has established a Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels. APSP-4 maximum chlorine level of 4.0 • Test kits are available for a variety of free chlorine ranges. APSP-5 ppm for re-entry of swimmers • Free chlorine test color (DPD) may be completely or partially IAF-9 into the water. However, state bleached by chlorine levels greater than 5 ppm to give a false APSP-11 or local health codes may allow low reading. or require the use of chlorine For appropriate test kit, consult pool professional or test kit levels above 4.0 ppm. manufacturer. Regular oxidation is recommended and remedial practices may be necessary. NSPI-2 2.0 2.0−4.0 The U.S. EPA has established a Public spas and swim spas: During hours of operation, test the APSP-3 maximum chlorine level of 5.0 water hourly, record the results, maintain the ideal range continuAPSP-6 ppm for re-entry of swimmers ally, and shock treat at the end of the daily use period. Residential spas and swim spas: Maintain these levels continually APSP-11 into spas. However, state or during hours of operation. Test water before use. During extended local health codes may allow use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use. or require the use of chlorine levels above 5.0 ppm. 2. Combined Chlorine, ppm High combined chlorine results in reduced sanitizer efficacy. Take remedial action to reduce combined chlorine. Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 0 0 0.2 Signs of combined chlorine: Sharp chlorine-like odor and eye irritation (e.g., mucous membrane). APSP-3 APSP-4 APSP-5 APSP-6 IAF-9 APSP-11 NSPI-2 0 0 0.5 APSP-11 ©2021 The Pool and Hot Tub Alliance

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3. Total Bromine, ppm NOTE: Refer to manufacturer’s product label for specific use concentrations. Use concentrations vary between different types of brominating compounds. EPA-registered pool and/or spa sanitizers and systems with EPA-accepted labels indicating bromine levels outside of the ranges in this appendix must be used in accordance with the product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements. Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments • Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum The U.S. EPA allows maximum APSP-1 1.0 2.0–3.0 levels. APSP-4 Residential bromine levels of up to 8.0 • Public swimming pools require maintenance of higher total ppm for re-entry of swimmers APSP-5 pools bromine residuals than residential pools. into the water. However, state IAF-9 3.0–4.0 Public pools or local health codes may allow • Regular oxidation is recommended. APSP-11 Residential: During hours of operation, maintain these levels or require the use of bromine NSPI-2 2.0 2.0–4.0 continually. Test water before use. During extended use test water levels above 8.0 ppm. APSP-3 Residential hourly. Shock treat water after use. spas 4.0–6.0 Public spas and swim spas 4. PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide), ppm as product Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum All facilities 30 30–50 50

Public: During hours of operation, maintain the ideal range continually. Test the water hourly and record results. Shock treat water after use.

APSP-6 APSP-11

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Comments Certain classes of pool chemicals or treatment processes are incompatible with PHMB sanitizer. The pool or spa owner should consult with the supplier of PHMB if there is any question about compatibility of an auxiliary chemical or process. These include, but are not limited to: • Chlorine/bromine sanitizers • Copper-based algicides • Monopersulfate (peroxymonosulfate) oxidizers • Phosphate-based chelating (metal sequestering) agents and detergents • Electrolytic chlorinators • Metal-based ionizers When used with ozone, follow manufacturer’s directions. Consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer for appropriate test kit. Regular oxidation is recommended with a compatible oxidizer, such as hydrogen peroxide.

5. Metal-Based System Any metal-based system used must incorporate an EPA-registered sanitizer; follow product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements.

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B. CHEMICAL VALUES NOTE: When operating outside the ideal ranges, an LSI calculation should be performed to ensure the water is balanced. 1. pH Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities 7.2 7.4 – 7.6 7.8 If pH is too low: • rapid dissipation of sanitizer • plaster and concrete etching • eye discomfort • corrosion of metals • vinyl liner wrinkling If pH is too high: • low chlorine efficacy • scale formation • cloudy water • eye discomfort

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

Comments If total alkalinity is too low: • pH bounce • corrosion tendency If total alkalinity is too high: • cloudy water

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• Increased scaling potential • pH tends to be too high or to drift upward more rapidly. * These values are based on the alkalinity from bicarbonate and carbonate only. Alkalinity should be corrected to account for cyanuric acid when used (see APSP-11, Section A 7.5).

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Comments An increase in TDS may indicate an accumulation of impurities during the course of operation. Excessively high TDS (excluding the amount of sodium chloride added) may lead to hazy water and scale formation and corrosion of fixtures, and may inhibit sanitation. TDS can be reduced by partial draining and addition of fresh water. For spas: TDS should be periodically reduced by draining. (See Section K, Water Replacement Procedure.)

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Maximum

1000

Comments Total alkalinity and pH may need to be adjusted to the lower end of their respective ranges if hardness is over 500 ppm.

800

Maximum

Comments If excessive heavy metals (such as copper, iron, and manganese) are present: • staining may occur • water may discolor • filter cycle may decrease and require more frequent backwashing • may indicate pH too low, corrosion, metallic source water, excessive metal ions from treatment chemicals, etc.

Maximum

Comments

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4. Calcium Hardness, ppm, as CaCO3 Standard Minimum Ideal APSP-1 150 200−400 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11 NSPI-2 100 150−250 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11 5. Heavy Metals Standard Minimum Ideal All facilities NA NA

2. Total Alkalinity (Buffering) ppm as CaCO3* Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum All facilities 60 80–100 180 for calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite 60 100−120 180 for sodium dichlor, trichlor, chlorine gas, and bromine compounds 3. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ppm Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum All facilities NA NA 1500 ppm greater than TDS at pool or spa start-up. (Start-up TDS includes source water TDS and any other inorganic salt added at start-up or later.)

6. Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) Standard Minimum Ideal All facilities −0.3 0.0− +0.5

+0.5

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D. STABILIZER (WHEN USED) 1. Cyanuric Acid, ppm Standard Minimum Ideal All facilities 10 30-50

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C. BIOLOGICAL VALUES Maintaining adequate sanitizer levels is critical to prevent growth of algae and bacteria. 1. Visible Algae Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities None visible None visible None visible If algae growth is observed, recommendations may include but are not limited to: • superchlorinate the pool or spa. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used. • Use an EPA-registered algicide according to label directions. • Supplement with brushing and vacuuming. • Some algicides may cause foaming. 2. Bacteria Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities (See APSP- (See APSP- (See APSP-11) Public facilities: If bacteria count exceeds local health department 11) 11) requirements, superchlorinate and follow proper maintenance procedures. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used. Residential facilities: Maintain proper sanitizer level and pH to control bacteria.

Comments If stabilizer is too low: Chlorine residual is rapidly destroyed by sunlight. If stabilizer is too high: May reduce chlorine efficacy against algae and pathogens. The effect of cyanuric acid on slowing the oxidation of organics, kill rates of bacteria, viruses, and algae has been demonstrated, primarily in controlled laboratory studies. However, no disease outbreaks linked to cyanuric levels in properly sanitized pools have been reported. NOTE: Cyanuric acid is not recommended for indoor pools or spas where protection from sunlight is not necessary. Cyanuric acid does not stabilize bromine sanitizers.

Maximum

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100

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E. OXIDATION Regular oxidation is recommended for pools and spas with normal bather load as a preventive treatment. 1. Chlorine Products Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments APSP-1 As needed Weekly Determined by bather load, Some high-use pools may require oxidation several times per APSP-4 weather conditions week. APSP-5 At the end Regular oxidation is recommended to prevent the build-up of IAF-9 of each day contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined APSP-11 facility is chlorine, and improve water clarity. NSPI-2 used Chlorine should not be used to oxidize a pool or spa sanitized by APSP-3 PHMB. APSP-6 APSP-11

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Comments Some high-use pools may require oxidation several times per week. Regular oxidation is recommended to prevent the build-up of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined chlorine and improve water clarity. Potassium monopersulfate will measure as combined available chlorine in DPD test system. Refer to test kit manufacturer’s directions. Potassium monopersulfate should not be used to oxidize a pool or spa sanitized by PHMB.

Maximum Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.

Comments Hydrogen peroxide should be used only with PHMB sanitizers. Hydrogen peroxide should not be used as an oxidizer for pools and spas sanitized by chlorine or bromine.

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Ideal As needed

APSP-6 APSP-11 3. Hydrogen Peroxide Standard Minimum All facilities Monthly

Maximum Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.

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2. Potassium Monopersulfate Standard Minimum Ideal APSP-1 As needed Weekly APSP-4 APSP-5 At the end IAF-9 of each day APSP-11 facility is NSPI-2 used APSP-3

Maximum

Comments Follow label directions. Use a registered chlorine sanitizer. Do not re-enter pool or spa until water meets the prescribed values in Section A. Do not superchlorinate a pool or spa treated by PHMB. Some symptoms that may indicate a need for superchlorination are: • cloudy water • slime formation • musty odors • difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual • algae and/or high bacteria counts • eye irritation from chloramines For fecal response guidelines, refer to http://www.cdc.gov/ healthywater/swimming/index.html

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F. REMEDIAL PRACTICES 1. Superchlorination Standard Minimum All facilities

2. Superchlorination to establish breakpoint, dosage in ppm Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum APSP-1 At least NSPI-2 10 times APSP-4 combined APSP-5 chlorine IAF-9 APSP-11

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Comments High dosage may be required to satisfy chlorine demand. If combined chlorine persists, water replacement should be considered. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 3. Shock Treatment and Shock Oxidizers Standard Minimum Ideal All facilities

Comments Some conditions that may indicate a need for a shock or a shock oxidizer are: • cloudy water • difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual • periods after heavy bather use • adverse weather Shock oxidizers are not sanitizers. They are effective in oxidizing organic contaminants. If the purpose is to treat bacteria or visible algae, an EPA-registered shock product should be used; follow label directions. Spas should be shocked or shock-oxidized on a daily basis when used.

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4. Chlorine Dioxide - THIS SECTION IS VACATED. Explanation: Chlorine dioxide was withdrawn from the U.S. pool market and is no longer federally regulated. Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments White or pink-colored biofilms can infest the plumbing of PHMB As needed Determined by occurrence of biofilms in skimmer or plumbpools and eventually spread onto pool surfaces. On other ing, or by abrupt disappearance occasions, the biofilms will be hidden from view, but will cause of hydrogen peroxide a rapid decrease in hydrogen peroxide. Chlorine dioxide kills the peroxide-degrading organisms, but should be used only to treat the plumbing and not the pool itself. Follow label directions. 5. Clarification/Flocculation Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities As needed Follow manufacturer’s directions. 6. Algicides Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities As needed Use U.S. EPA-registered products. Follow manufacturer’s directions. Use of some algicides may cause foaming. 7. Foam Control Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities As needed There shall be no persistent Foam may harbor persistent microorganisms. foam (foam remaining in a spa If foaming is not adequately controlled, consider a daily shock or after the jets are turned off). oxidation treatment, water replacement, or an appropriate antifoam agent. Follow manufacturer’s directions. 8. Nitrates Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities Nitrate ion is a nutrient for algae and a number of bacteria. Elevated algae and bacteria populations associated with elevated nitrate ion concentrations create a significant chlorine demand. Nitrate ion is at the highest oxidation state of nitrogen, and does not have a chlorine demand.

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Maximum

Comments Phosphate is an oxidized form of phosphorous. Phosphorous is a non-metallic element and an essential nutrient for all living organisms, including bacteria and algae. Phosphate does not create a chlorine demand since the phosphate ion does not react with free chlorine. However, inadequate maintenance and sanitization can allow algae and bacteria to reproduce rapidly by using phosphorous as a nutrient. Under these circumstances, the multiplying algae or bacterial populations will cause chlorine demand.

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Comments

If temperature is too low: • bather discomfort If temperature is too high: • excessive fuel requirement • increased evaporation • bather discomfort • increased scaling potential • increased use of sanitizers Overexposure to hot water may cause nausea, dizziness, and fainting. The Consumer Product Safety Commission states: “Hot tub water temperatures should never exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit.” Temperatures well below 104°F (40°C) are recommended for extended use (exceeding 10−15 minutes) or for pregnant women, people with certain medical conditions or medications, and for young children.

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Ideal Maximum 104°F (40°C) 78–94°F (26–34°C) depending on pool type and use Up to 104°F (40 °C) depending on spa type and use

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G. TEMPERATURE Standard Minimum All facilities Personal preference

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9. Phosphate Standard All facilities

Comments If water is turbid: • sanitizer level may be low • filtration/circulation system may require maintenance or increased run (filtering) time • improper chemical balance (Section B) • consult remedial practices (Section F)

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H. WATER CLARITY Standard Minimum All facilities The deepest part of the pool or spa and/or main drain shall be visible and sharply defined. Pools: Pool water shall be of a clarity to permit an 8 in. (203 mm) diameter black and white Secchi disc or main suction outlet (main drain) located on the bottom of the pool at its deepest point to be clearly visible and sharply defined from any point on the deck up to 30 feet (9.14 m) away in a direct line of sight from the disc or main drain. Spas: The bottom of the spa at its deepest point shall be clearly visible.** ** This test shall be performed when the water is in a nonturbulent state and bubbles have been allowed to dissipate. I. SUPPLEMENTAL SANITIZERS 1. Ozone: Concentration in air above pool or spa water, ppm Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum All facilities 0.1 ppm over eight-hour timeweighted average and 0.3 ppm for any 15-minute period

A-7

Comments • Serves as oxidizer of water contaminants. • Ozone shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer. • Indoor installations should have adequate ventilation. • When ozone is used for indoor installations, air monitoring is required. See OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 2. UV Standard All facilities

Minimum

Ideal As needed

Comments UV lamps shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer.

Maximum

Comments When an ORP controller is used, it shall not be relied upon as a method for measuring the concentration of sanitizer in the water. The sanitizer level shall be measured with traditional wet chemical methods capable of detecting specific sanitizer residuals (e.g. DPD, N, N-diethyl-p-phenylene diamine for free available chlorine), to ensure that the minimum sanitizer residual is maintained. For PHMB-treated pools, levels for ORP values are not applicable. ORP reading may be affected by a number of factors including, but not limited to, pH, probe condition, cyanuric acid, sanitizer type, and supplemental oxidizers. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations.

Maximum

Comments It is recommended that regular water replacement be applied to pools, although certain circumstances may prohibit this practice (e.g., drought conditions) or make it unnecessary (e.g., supplementary water treatments such as reverse osmosis to extract contaminants from the water). Evaporation loss will not remove contaminants; make-up water for evaporation loss should not be counted as water drained and replaced. Water replacement is necessary to dilute dissolved solids, to maintain water clarity, and to do necessary routine maintenance. Water replacement can be necessary even if water has been maintained properly. High bather use is defined as amount of bathers per day, not necessarily the amount of time each bather is in pool or spa. Frequent water replacement is required to control TDS buildup from bathers and treatment chemicals: Residential: Drain and refill every three months with average use. More frequent water replacement is required for heavy use. Public: More frequent water replacement is required due to heavier bather loads.

Al b Tu H ot d an

NSPI-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11

Ideal The water should be drained and replaced at a rate of 7 gallons per bather. Water in Water in spas or hot spas or hot tubs with tubs with high bather high bather use requires use requires complete partial or replacement complete replacement of water of water per the periodically. replacement guidelines below.

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K. WATER REPLACEMENT Standard Minimum APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11

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J. OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL (ORP) Standard Minimum Ideal APSP-1 NSPI-2 IAF-9 APSP-11

Maximum

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This procedure provides guidelines on how to determine the frequency for which spa or hot tub water should be replaced. Test the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and calculate the WRI (Water Replacement Interval) to determine when a spa needs to be drained. Drain the spa completely, clean it thoroughly, and refill it with source water when either of the following conditions is met: 1. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the spa water exceeds the source-water TDS by 1,500 ppm or more, OR 2. The Water Replacement Interval (WRI) is less than or equal to the number of days since the last time the water was drained. WRI is calculated as shown in the formula and examples: WRI, days =

(1/3) × (Spa Volume, U.S. Gallons) (No. Bathers/Day)

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 Example 1 The TDS of the original source water was measured and recorded to be 800 ppm. The TDS of the spa water now reads 2,500 ppm. The difference is greater than 1,500 ppm (2,500 ppm – 800 ppm = 1,700 ppm). Therefore, the spa should be drained immediately. Example 2 Consider a 600 gallon (2.271 kL) spa last drained and refilled on Sunday evening, with the usage pattern outlined in the table below: 600 Gallon (2.271 kL) Spa Usage Pattern Sun Mon Tue Wed Water changed at end of day 85 2 19

Fri 105

Sat 100

Sun 50

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Bathers

Thu 20

Fri 105 1 –2

Sat 100 2 1

Sun 50 1 –1

YES

Thu 20 5 3

Bathers WRI Difference (WRI minus Days since last change) Change Water (Difference = <0?)

600 Gallon (2.271 kL) Spa Usage Pattern Sun Mon Tue Wed Water changed at end of day 85 2 19 – 2 2 11 – 1 0 10

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The WRI is computed in the table below and compared to the interval since the last change. If the Difference (WRI – Days since last change) is less than or equal to zero, the spa should be drained.

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L. TESTING FREQUENCY 1. Ozone Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum All facilities The parameters for sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature shall be met at all times. Exceptions: when shocking/ oxidizing the pool, when closed for the season, or similar activities.

YES

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M. AIR QUALITY Standard Minimum All facilities

Ideal

Maximum

Comments Testing frequency shall be sufficient to ensure that the sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature (spa) standards set forth in this document are met at all times. Several factors will determine how often testing is required. Weather, water conditions, facility design, and bather load are the primary factors for determining how often pools and spas should be tested. Depending on the facility, testing may be required every one or two hours during operation. Rain and wind will introduce materials to the water such as plant debris (leaves, pollen), dirt, airborne pollutants, and other contaminants that will decrease sanitizer concentrations and increase the likelihood of chloramines. Rain also tends to decrease pH and alkalinity readings. After a major rainstorm, sanitizer, pH, and alkalinity should be tested. Bathers introduce microorganisms and body oils that increase sanitizer demand. Bathers usually will cause a decrease in pH. If there is a high bather load, particularly in a spa, the sanitizer and pH should be checked more frequently.

Comments All pools and their related components that are installed in an indoor environment shall comply with the ventilation requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, Table 6-1, “Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone,” (Sports and Entertainment Section).

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

Appendix B (Non-Mandatory) Use of Ozone This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only. For Ultraviolet (UV) ozone generation:

Oxygen exists normally as a diatomic molecule, O2. Ozone (chemically written as O3) is a high energy form of the element oxygen. Like oxygen, it is a gas and can be readily dissolved in water, being approximately thirteen (13) times more soluble than oxygen itself at standard temperatures and pressures.

This component consists of an electrical power supply and an ozone-producing ultraviolet lamp (185 nm). Ambient air is drawn into the ozone generator and some of it is converted into ozone gas.

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1. General Description

• The ozone management system

Gaseous ozone dissolved in water is referred to as aqueous ozone and has no odor. It is harmful to breathe gaseous ozone. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is currently 0.1 ppm over an eight-hour time weighted average. In general, breathing even low levels of ozone should be avoided at all times. No OSHA regulations apply to aqueous ozone; it is not anticipated to be harmful to humans at the concentrations used.

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NOTE: All equipment should be installed according to manufacturer’s instructions and local code requirements.

3. What Ozone Does

Ozone provides antimicrobial oxidation for supplemental treatment or secondary disinfection, oxidation of organic and inorganic contaminants, chlorine byproduct reduction and some algae reduction. It can also act as a micro-flocculant and antifoaming agent. Ozone leaves little or no residual in a pool or spa and is used in conjunction with an EPA-registered primary sanitizer. It has the added benefit of destroying chloramines as well as reducing chlorine consumption.

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Ozone has a distinct odor readily identified by most humans even at very low (0.02 ppm) concentrations. The smell of ozone is often noted in the air after an electrical storm because some ozone is generated by lightning. Ozone molecules in air or in water decompose to oxygen and energetic free radicals, which also are formed when ozone reacts with contaminants. Since ozone decomposes, it cannot be packaged, but must be generated and used on-site.

This component consists of some means of injecting the ozone into the water, and degassing and destroying any undissolved ozone gas. Ozone is typically introduced to the water after filtration (and heating), and before the chlorine feeder or introduction of EPA-registered sanitizer.

2. Ozone Generators

Ozone generating systems are electromechanical devices that generate and inject ozone gas into swimming pool or spa water. They produce ozone gas and introduce it into the water commonly through venturi injection in the recirculation flow. All ozone generating systems must be used in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer.

The NSF/ANSI Standard 50 states the following: Ozone should be used with registered or approved disinfection chemicals to impart residual concentrations in accordance with state and local regulations.

Once the ozone has been dissolved in the water, an oxidation reaction occurs upon any collision between an ozone molecule and an oxidizable substance. Organic contaminants are destroyed, and many dissolved metals become insoluble.

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A residential ozone generating system consists of two basic components: • The ozone generator

Ozone is capable of killing all known microorganisms (including Cryptosporidium and Giardia), destroying organic contaminants that may create chloramines, and breaking down existing chloramines. This oxidation occurs immediately at the ozone gas injection point and continues in the return lines. A small residual (~0.1 ppm) of dissolved ozone may enter the pool, providing further oxidation.

For Corona Discharge (CD), plasma or micro-plasma ozone generation: This component consists of an electrical enclosure which includes a high voltage power supply, ozone producing cell, and ancillary items that control these components. Ambient air or oxygen is drawn into the ozone generator and some of it is converted into ozone gas. Corona discharge, plasma, and micro-plasma generation create significantly more ozone than ultraviolet generation.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 An ozone generating system is considered a pesticidal device under U.S. EPA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and has an EPA Establishment number. Commercial ozone generating systems are tested and listed under NSF/ ANSI Standard 50, Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water Facilities. The device must meet the requirements of NSF 50, Disinfection Efficacy, and is intended for supplemental treatment (Normative Annex 8 N-8.1) or secondary disinfection (Normative Annex 8 N-8.1 and Normative Annex 8 N-8.4), depending on which test criteria are chosen. For either listing, the system should be used with an EPA-registered sanitizer to impart residual concentrations in accordance with state or local regulations. Residential ozone generating systems can also be tested and listed under NSF/ ANSI Standard 50, Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water Facilities.

4 Federal Technology Alert. 1986. U.S. Department of Energy 5 D. A. Meier and J. D. Lammering. 1987. A Comparative Use of Ozone versus Other Chemical Treatments of Cooling Water Systems. , ASHRAE Transactions, Part 2. 6 R. Wellauer and M. 1990. Cooling Tower Water Treatment with Ozone. Oldani, Ozone: Science and Engineering. 12(3):243 - 253. 7 Federal Technology Alert - Ozone Treatment for Cooling Towers. 1995 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, December.

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8 Thomas Ruisinger. August 1996. Ozonation in Cooling Water Systems, Plant Engineering Magazine.

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9 Dennis Kelly. August 1993. Ozone and Cooling Tower Treatment, Water Conditioning and Purification. 10 J. Fred Wilkes, PE. Ozone for Cooling Towers - Facts, Update, and Predictions, Titusville, FL.

11 Bruno Langlais, David Reckhow, and Deborah Brink (Eds.). 1991. Ozone in Water Treatment: Application and Engineering, a cooperative research report, American Water Works Association Research Foundation.

4. Application in Swimming Pools and Spas

12 Surveillance for Waterborne Disease and Outbreaks Associated with Recreational Water Use and Other Aquatic Facility -- Associated Health Events --- United States, 2005—2006 MMWR Surveill Summ. September 12, 2008 / 57(SS-9);1-38.

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13 NSF/ANSI 50 - Annex H; NSF P308; NSF J-00047649; NSF AOAC 960.01; NSF AOAC 961.02

14 LT2ESWTR Federal Register Vol. 71, No. 3, pp 653-786

15 Li, H., G. Finch, D. Smith, and M. Belosevic. 2001. Sequential Disinfection Design. Criteria for Inactivation of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Drinking Water. American WaterWorks Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO

Residential Spas: Due to low levels produced from spa ozone equipment, ozone is appropriate for use with all EPA-registered sanitizers.

Residential Pools: Ozone is appropriate for use in conjunction with chlorine but is not recommended for use with bromine, because of the potential to produce bromate. UV-generated ozone systems can be used with biguanide.

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5. More Information and References

Resources on ozone may be obtained from OSHA or the International Ozone Association, Pan American Group (PAG), 1521 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95814, Tel: 916-441-0629, Email: support@ioa-pag.org. More information is also found in the PHTA “Ozone Generating Systems” Fact Sheet, Pool and Hot Tub Alliance, 2018, https://www.phta.org/standards-and-codes/ fact-sheets/water-quality/.

17 Oppenheimer J., E. Aieta, R. Trussell, J. Jacangelo, and N. Najim. 2000. Evaluation of Cryptosporidium inactivation in natural waters. American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO

18 Rennecker J., B. Mariñas, J. Owens and E. Rice. 1999. Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with ozone. Wat. Res. 33:(11)2481– 2488

19 Article Haag, W. R. and Hoigné, J.(1984) ‘Kinetics and products of the Reactions of Ozone with Various forms of Chlorine and Bromine in Water’, Ozone: Science & Engineering, 6:(2)103 — 114

1 Robert S. Donofrio, Sal Aridi, Ratul Saha, Robin Bechanko, Kevin Schaefer, Lorelle L. Bestervelt and Beth Hamil. 2013. Laboratory Validation of an Ozone Device for Recreational Water Treatment, Journal of Water and Health, doi: 10.2166/wh.2013.198, pp. 267-276.

20 Wert, Eric C. and Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando L. 2011. Effect of Ozonation on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Formation and Speciation in a FullScale Distribution System. Ozone: Science & Engineering, 33:(1)14— 22

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2 The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) to ozone, as specified by the OSHA, is 0.1 ppm, time weighted average over 8-hour day, with Short Term (up to 15 minutes) Exposure Limit of 0.3 ppm. Ref. Federal Register 54(12): 2519 (Jan. 19, 1989)

21 40 CFR 152.500 US EPA, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 22 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1, February 28, 2006 www.osha.gov

3 Ref. Henschler, D., A. Stier, H. Beck, and W. Neumann. Geruchsschwellen einiger wichtiger Reizgase (Schwefel-dioxyd, Ozon, Stickstoffdioxyd) und Erschcinungen bei der Einwirkung Geringer Konzentrationen auf den Menschen. Arch Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg: 17:547 570, 1960

16 Owens J., R. Miltner, E. Rice, C. Johnson, D. Dahling, F. Schaefer, and H. Shukairy, 2000. Pilot-scale ozone inactivation of Cryptosporidium and other microorganisms in natural water. Ozone: Sci. & Eng. 22: (5) 501–517

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

Appendix C (Non-Mandatory) Filtration, Circulation, and Water Quality Appendix C (Informative)

This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only. Filtration, Circulation, and Water Clarity

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This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 2011. It is included for information only. Fluids (water and air) are pushed, never pulled, which is why, 1. General to get a relaxing massage, we sit in front of therapy jets and 1. General is important to understand when designing an effective Filters only capture what is suspended in the water passing not skimmers. This “pushed-not-pulled” concept is important to through them, and only what is large enough to collect on the circulation system. The focus must be on how to use understand when designing an effective circulation system. The Filters only capture what is suspended in the water passing filter media. The three most common types of filter media (sand, returning water to effectively mix the main body of water.mix focus must be on how to use returning water to effectively through cartridge, them, andandonly what is large enough to collect DE) cannot capture bacteria, viruses, or even large the main body of water. on the filter media. three most common types public of filterhealth Using return inlets to “stir” the water is a common spores such The as cryptosporidium. These serious media (sand, and DE) cannotthrough capture bacteria, Using return inletswhen to “stir” is a common hazardscartridge, are addressed exclusively effective chemical approach. However, a the truewater whirlpool effect isapproach. viruses, treatment or even large spores suchofaspools cryptosporidium. However, when a true whirlpool effect is achieved, the water and maintenance and spas. achieved, the water is moving fastest at the perimeter and is moving fastest at (Figure the perimeter and slowest in the middle These serious public health hazards are addressed slowest in the middle A-1)—the exact opposite of Once debris and sediment enter the water, one of three things (Figure A-1)—the exact opposite of what works best to remove exclusively through effective chemical treatment and what works best to remove floating and suspended debris. will happen: it will float, sink, or be suspended in the water. floating and suspended debris. High velocity water movement maintenance of pools and spas. velocity water movement around the perimeter does Floating matter can be skimmed off the surface to be collected Higharound the perimeter does not allow debris to enter skimmers not allow debris enterthem. skimmers [S], but moves it past and removed, but once it sinks to the floor, it will stay there [S], but movestoit past At the same time, the low velocity in Once debris and sediment enters the water, one of three without some kind of help. them. the same low velocity in theinmiddle of of theAtmiddle of thetime, waterthe deposits settled debris the middle things will happen: it will float, sink, or be suspended in the the the water deposits settled debris theit.middle of the floor, floor, right where everyone caninsee water. Floating matter can be skimmed off the surface to be 2. Filtration

2. Filtration

somewhere between floating toys and sinking rocks, and this is the material ultimately captured by filters.

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right where everyone can see it. collected and removed, but once it sinks to the floor, it will Figure C-1 Inlets stir water Most contaminants entering the water have physical properties stay there without some kind of help. Ideally debris enters the water only when a skimmer is active,

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Most contaminants entering water have Things physical when it can be removedthe before sinking. that sink, but properties somewhere between floating and sinking remain suspended in the water, will toys be removed by the filtration rocks, and this is the material ultimately captured by filters. system. Everything else will end up on the floor, where it must be picked up or stirred up.

Ideally debris enter the water only when a skimmer is Manual and be automatic cleaners settled debris removed beforeremove sinking. Things thatand silt active, when it can bothsuspended methods. Vacuums pick upwill dirtbe while brushes and sink, butusing remain in the water, removed pressure cleaners stir it up. In most cases these efforts by the filtration system. Everything else will end up on theconsume much more energy than is required to operate the filtration floor, where it must be picked up or stirred up.

A better approach is to locate and aim directional inlets [R] toward the floor to create a tumbling effect, like that of a clothes dryer (Figure A-2). This design limits the water velocity passing in front of skimmers, and places the center of rotation (low velocity) in the middle of the water. As suspended matter enters this low velocity zone, it falls out of suspension but, instead of settling on the floor, is again caught up in the tumbling water pattern.

system alone.

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Manual Therefore, and automatic cleaners remove settled debris to save energy, circulation systems should be deand silt using methods. pickreaching up dirtthe while signed both to prevent debrisVacuums and silt from floor in the brushesfirst andplace, pressure stira ithigh up.enough In mostfiltration cases flow rate for while cleaners maintaining these efforts much more energy than is required properconsume skimmer function. to operate the filtration system alone. 3. Circulation

Therefore, to save energy, circulation systems should be Pumped water entering the pool or spa causes circulation. These designed to prevent debris and silt from reaching the floor movements of water carry suspended matter around the pool in the first whiletowards maintaining high enough filtration andplace, ultimately an outleta where it is removed. flow rate for proper skimmer function.

3. Circulation Pumped water entering the pool or spa causes circulation. These movements of water carry suspended matter around the pool and ultimately towards an outlet where it is removed.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 4. Water Clarity

Figure C-2 Inlets tumble water

Most water clarity problems are caused by improper chemical maintenance, rather than debris and silt. Particles large enough to be captured by a filter will sink when the pump is off.

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This is not to say that filtration and circulation systems do not impact water clarity. They do—when run long enough for proper filtration, and at the proper flow rates for effective chemical feeder/generator operation.

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Pool and spa design should avoid filtering chemically treated water at high turnover rates, in order to optimize the circulation system for both water quality and energy conservation.

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Appendix D (Non-Mandatory) Safety Considerations and Warning Recommendations This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only. Safety Considerations for Pool Owner/Operators: For additional safety information see www.PHTA.org.

In addition to requirements established by the authority having jurisdiction, The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA) suggests that the builders/installers of swimming pools advise the initial owner/ operator of a public pool of the following.

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This standard does not replace good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool by others, owners/ operators must consider the skill, attitude, training, and experience of the expected user. It is the pool owner/operator’s responsibility to learn, understand, and enforce these basic safety principles and rules:

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Warning Recommendations: The PHTA suggests the builder/ installer advise the pool owner of the risk of drowning, especially for children under the age of five, and the risk of diving into shallow water in one or more of the following ways: verbally, through publications, or signage. The following are suggested recommendations:

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Prevent Unsupervised Access to the Pool or Hot Tub. Apply multiple layers of protection to secure the pool and hot tub area and minimize the likelihood that anyone could gain unsupervised entry to the pool or hot tub. Multiple layers include: • Non-climbable 4-sided fencing that is at least 4' high with self-closing, self-latching gates. • Automatic locks and alarms on all doors (including pet doors) and windows that lead to the water. • Pool and hot tub covers. • Pool alarms. • When children are not intended to be in the water, keep pool toys out of the water and out of sight. • Keep chairs, tables and other items a child could climb on away from the pool or hot tub enclosure. For detailed information on barriers, download Safety Barrier Guidelines for Residential Pools from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission website. (https://www.cpsc.gov)

• Encourage children to learn how to swim. • Never allow diving, jumping, or sliding into shallow water. • Adequate adult supervision is required when the pool is in use. • Adequate adult supervision is always required when children are present. • Encourage parents to learn CPR. • Encourage children to never swim alone. • Keep all electrical radios, speakers, and other appliances away from the swimming pool. • Do not allow roughhousing and horseplay. • Keep deck clean and clear of objects that may create a hazard. • Keep all breakable objects out of the pool area. • Alcohol consumption and pool activities do not mix. Never allow anyone to swim, dive, or slide under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

Do’s and Don’ts for Diving into swimming pools with manufactured diving equipment, diving rocks, and stationary diving platforms:

Lifesaving Equipment: PHTA suggests that the builder/installer advise the pool owner/operator that basic lifesaving equipment including one or more of the following items should be on hand at all times:

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• Do know the shape of the pool bottom and the water depth before you dive or slide headfirst. • Do plan your path to avoid submerged obstacles, surface objects, or other swimmers. • Do learn headfirst entries using a progression from a certified instructor. • Do know the depth of the water and the shape of the pool bottom before you dive. (The depth should be at least 9 feet deep, according to guidance from the American Red Cross.) • Do dive straight ahead, never off to the side. • Do hold your head up, arms up, and steer up with your hands.

• A light, strong, rigid pole not less than 12 feet (3.7 m) long • A minimum 0.25 inch (6 mm) diameter throwing rope as long as 1.5 times the maximum width of the pool or 50 feet (15.2 m), whichever is less, which has been firmly attached to a Coast Guard-approved ring buoy having an outside diameter of approximately 15 inches (381 mm), or some other similar flotation device.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

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• All headfirst entry from slide. • Horseplay. • Any slide entries by non-swimmers into deep water, to protect them from drowning. • Standing on the top of a slide or outside the guardrails. • Jumping from a slide. • Diving from a slide. • Sliding into areas with submerged obstacles, surface objects, or other swimmers. • Do not engage in extended breath holding activities underwater * Consult safe use instructions of the pool slide manufacturer.

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• • • • •

Under all circumstances you should prohibit:

• • •

Rules for General Use of Swimming Pool Slides.*

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• Don’t put diving or sliding equipment on a pool that wasn’t designed for it. • Don’t swim or dive alone. • Don’t dive into unfamiliar bodies of water.

Do practice carefully before you dive or slide. Do test the diving board for its spring before using. Do remember that when you dive down, you must steer up. Do dive straight ahead, not off the side of the diving board. Don’t drink and dive. Don’t dive or slide headfirst in the shallow part of the pool. Don’t dive from any place that is not specifically designed for diving. Don’t ever dive head first into shallow water (5 feet/1.5 m or less). Don’t dive across the narrow part of the pool. Don’t run and dive. Don’t dive from any place that is not specifically designed for diving. Don’t engage in horseplay on diving or sliding equipment. Don’t use diving equipment as a trampoline. Don’t do a back dive. Don’t try fancy dives; keep the dives simple. Don’t dive or slide headfirst at or through objects such as inner tubes.

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Appendix E (Non-Mandatory) Signage Warning Against Shallow Water Diving This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only.

B. Additional Signage Use

Recommended methods to warn against shallow water diving may include but are not limited to:

The ANSI Z535 Series of Standards reflects the consensus of various experts on warning sign appearance and content. Signage that is consistent with the ANSI Z535 Standards is permitted to be added to components, equipment, facilities, or installations, to provide additional information.

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A. Safety Signs

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The use of a warning sign as a device to warn against shallow water diving is still an open question before the Human Factors Society and others as to whether or not signage is an effective means that will modify human behavior to prevent accidents.

Manufacturers are permitted to either affix additional signage to their products or packaging, or to supply the signage with the product to be affixed at the time of installation.

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If warning signs are chosen as a means to warn against shallow water diving, the signage should be in compliance with ANSI Z535 Series of standards for safety signs and colors or the latest revision.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

Appendix F (Non-Mandatory) Safety Brochures and Education Programs This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only.

Safety Education Programs and Materials

Consumer awareness information is available on the following topics:

Educational programs and materials (i.e., seminars, workshops, brochures, videos, instructional guides, etc.) are available from PHTA, other aquatic safety groups, and private firms. As a means of communicating useful safety information to pool owners/ operators and users, industry members are permitted to provide such information to owners/operators and to request or require owners/operators to sign a statement that they have received, read, and will follow the guidelines.

Children Aren’t Waterproof

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Entrapment Avoidance Guidelines

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Layers of Protection Start with You Plan Your Dive, Steer Up Pool and Spa Emergency Procedures for Infants and Children

The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Aboveground/Onground Swimming Pool

Pool & Hot Tub Alliance 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500 Alexandria, VA 22314 www.PHTA.org

The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Inground Swimming Pool

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The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Spa or Hot Tub

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These brochures are published by the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, and are available at www.PHTA.org.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

Appendix G (Non-Mandatory) Explanation of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps (DPPP) This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only. 1. General

The DOE energy efficiency measurement metric, Weighted Energy Factor Rating, is calculated as:

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n i=1

Where:

2. 10 CFR 431 Subpart Y, Appendix C - Uniform Test Method for the Measurement of Energy Efficiency of DedicatedPurpose Pool Pumps

WEF = weighted energy factor in kgal/kWh;

wi = weighting factor at each load point i; Qi = flow at each load point i in gpm;

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The DOE Test Procedure for Dedicated Purpose Pool Pumps (DPPP), Final Rule, 10 CFR 431 Subpart Y, Appendix C, shall be used for the measurement of pump performance and efficiency for DPPP manufactured starting July 19, 2021.

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Pi = input power to the motor (or controls, if present) at each load point i in W;

i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety; and

n = number of load point(s), defined uniquely for each speed configuration.

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This test procedure applies only to self-priming and non-selfpriming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and pressure cleaner booster pumps. The test procedure does not apply to integral cartridge-filter pool pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, storable electric spa pumps, or rigid electric spa pumps.

n i=1

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WEF =

Qi x 60) S (w x 1000 Pi S (w x 1000 )

Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps (DPPP) manufactured on or after July 19, 2021, are federally regulated products within the scope of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975. The full requirements for DPPP are provided in 10 CFR 431, Subpart Y. This appendix provides excerpts from the Federal Regulation for general reference. In the event of any inconsistencies between this appendix and the Federal Regulation, the Federal Regulation takes precedence.

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All representations regarding the energy efficiency or energy use of dedicated-purpose pool pumps should be made in accordance with this DOE test procedure.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 Load Points (i) and Weights (wi) for Each DPPP Variety and Speed Configuration Test Points No. of Points n

Load Point i

High

Single*

Flow Rate Q Qhigh(gpm) = Qmax_speed@C = Flow at maximum speed on curve C Qlow(gpm) = Flow rate associated with specified head and speed that is not below: 31.1 gpm if pump hydraulic hp at max speed on curve C is >0.75 or

Low Two-speed

24.7 gpm if pump hydraulic hp at max speed on curve C is ≤0.75 (a pump may vary speed to achieve this load point) Qhigh(gpm) = Qmax_speed@C = flow at max speed on curve C Qlow(gpm) = If pump hydraulic hp at max speed on curve C is >0.75,

and

Self-priming Pool Filter Pumps

H = 0.0082 × Qhigh2

H ≥ 0.0082 × Qlow2

H = 0.0082 × Qhigh2

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then Qlow ≥ 31.1 gpm

Low

H = 0.0082 × Qlow2

Multi- and Variablespeed

(a pump may vary speed to achieve this load point) Qhigh(gpm) ≥ 0.8 × Qmax_speed@C ≥ 80% of flow at maximum speed on curve C

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(a pump may vary speed to achieve this load point)

H = 0.0082 × Qhigh2

High

17.0 ft

≥60.0 ft

Any

Flow corresponding to specified head (on max speed pump curve) 10.0 gpm

Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps

Single

High

Waterfall Pumps

Speed n Max speed

Lowest speed capable of meeting the specified flow and head values, if any Max speed

Lowest speed capable of meeting the specified flow and head values

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If pump hydraulic hp at max speed on curve C is ≤0.75, then Qlow ≥ 24.7 gpm

Nonself-priming Pool Filter Pumps (with hydraulic hp ≤2.5 hp)

High

Head H

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Speed Type

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DPPP Varieties

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Lowest speed capable of meeting the specified flow and head values Max speed Lowest speed capable of meeting the specified flow and head values

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 Load Point Weights (wi) Speed Configuration(s)

Non-self-priming Pool Filter Pumps Single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps and all self-priming and and Non-self-priming Pool Filter non-self-priming pool filter pumps not meeting the definition of two-speed,* Pumps multi-speed, or variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps* Multi-speed and variable-speed dedicated- purpose pool pumps Waterfall Pumps Single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps Pressure Cleaner Booster Pump Any

Load Point(s) i Low Flow High Flow 1.0

0.80

0.20

1.0 1.0

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DPPP Varieties

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* In order to apply the test points for two-speed self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, self-priming pool filter pumps that are greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that are two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps must also be distributed in commerce either: (1) with a pool pump control (variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times or (2) without a pool pump control that has such capability, but without which the pump is unable to operate.

Two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that do not meet these singlespeed self-priming or non-self-priming pool filter pumps.

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3. 10 CFR 431.465 - Pumps energy conservation standards and their compliance dates.

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Each dedicated-purpose pool pump that is not a submersible pump and is manufactured starting on July 19, 2021, must have a WEF rating that is not less than the value calculated from the following table. Minimum allowable WEF score [kgal/kWh]

Equipment class

Motor phase Single Single

Non-self-priming pool filter pumps

hhp <2.5 hp

Any

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Pressure cleaner booster pumps

Minimum allowable WEF score [kgal/kWh]

Tu hhp Applicability 0.711 hp ≤hhp <2.5 hp hhp <0.711 hp

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Dedicated-purpose pool pump variety Self-priming pool filter pumps Self-priming pool filter pumps

WEF = −2.30 * ln (hhp) + 6.59 WEF = 5.55, for hhp ≤0.13 hp −1.30 * ln (hhp) + 2.90, for hhp >0.13 hp WEF = 4.60, for hhp ≤0.13 hp −0.85 * ln (hhp) + 2.87, for hhp >0.13 hp WEF = 0.42

Each integral cartridge filter pool pump and integral sand filter pool pump that is manufactured starting on July 19, 2021, must be distributed in commerce with a pool pump timer that is either integral to the pump or a separate component that is shipped with the pump.

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For all dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with freeze protection controls, the pump must be shipped with freeze protection disabled or with the following default, user-adjustable settings: (1) The default dry-bulb air temperature setting is no greater than 40°F; (2) The default run time setting shall be no greater than one hour (before the temperature is rechecked); and (3) The default motor speed shall not be more than half of the maximum available speed.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 4. 10 CFR 431.466 - Pumps labeling requirements. For a dedicated-purpose pool pump manufactured starting on July 19, 2021, the pump permanent nameplate must be marked clearly with the following information: (A) The weighted energy factor (WEF); a. The WEF must be identified in the form “WEF ____.” (B) The dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower.

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The dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower must be identified in one of the following forms: “Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower _____,” “DPPP motor total horsepower _____,” “motor total horsepower _____,” “motor THP _____,” or “THP _____.”

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

Appendix H (Non-Mandatory) English Standard-Metric Conversion Tables (Approximate Factors)

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This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only.

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

Appendix I (Non-Mandatory) Sources of Material This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021. It is included for information only.

NFPA

National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02269 Tel: (617) 770-3000

NSF

NSF International (formerly National Sanitation Foundation) 789 North Dixboro Road P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140 Tel: (734) 769-8010

NSPI

National Spa and Pool Institute (see PHTA)

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American National Standards Institute 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor New York, NY 10036 Tel: (212) 642-4900

Association of Pool and Spa Professionals (see PHTA)

APSP

National Electrical Code (see NFPA)

ANSI

NEC

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American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331 Tel: (248) 848-3800

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ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 3 Park Avenue, 20th Floor New York, NY 10016 Tel: (212) 591-8562

Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (formerly National Spa and Pool Institute and Association of Pool & Spa Professionals) 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500 Alexandria, VA 22314 Tel: (703) 838-0083

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PHTA

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, IL 60062-2096 Tel: (847) 272-8800

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ASTM ASTM International (formerly American Society of Testing & Materials) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 Tel: (610) 832-9585 Fax: (610) 832-9555 IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials 4755 E. Philadelphia Street Ontario, CA 91761 Tel: (909) 472-4100

ACI

(Approved by the American National Standards Institute August 30, 2021.)

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ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency

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American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021

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Familiarity with PHTA’s ANSI-approved American National Standards is essential for anyone who builds, manufactures, sells, or services pools, spas or hot tubs.

Approved August 2, 2021

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Approved August 2, 2021

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2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22314-4695 703.838.0083 memberservices@PHTA.org | PHTA.org

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