MARCH 26, 2020
The Sheaf Publishing Society
VO L . 1 1 1 , I SS UE 2 6 The University of Saskatchewan’s main campus is situated on Treaty 6 Territory and the Homeland of the Métis.
thesheaf.com|@usasksheaf
YOUR UNI VE R S I T Y O F SAS K ATC H E WA N ST UDE NT NE WS PA P E R S I N C E 1 9 1 2
Adjusting to survive: A local business’ story amidst the pandemic
USSU presidential candidates: Where they stand on issues
How Odd Couple is battering down to prepare for the many challenges that come with the pandemic.
The candidates talk campaigning during a pandemic, student engagement, the union’s transparency and more. VAIDEHEE LANKE
Chairs are stacked on top of tables in the Odd Couple restaurant on Mar. 25, 2020. | Tomilola Ojo/ Culture Editor
Family-owned Asian fusion restaurant Odd Couple is a firsthand witness of how COVID-19 is affecting the business climate today. The owners, Andy Yuen and Rachel Kong, had to promptly adapt to the unexpected speed of the pandemic. According to Yuen, Odd Couples’ usual rush of customers slowed to a trickle due to COVID-19, starting in March. This was around the time when the number of COVID-19 cases in Canada increased. This decline is because most of their customers are from out of Saskatoon. Due to the growing concern of the virus, travel
between provinces is limited and conferences have been cancelled. This concern now extends to the summer months. Considering the current situation, Yuen believes that business will further decline with the drop of travellers to Saskatoon. Once the virus made its way to the United States, Vancouver and Toronto, even the locals became more conscious about going out and socializing. When the first case was confirmed in Saskatoon on March 12, the oncoming week presented a further decline in sales. Yuen mentioned how the cancellation of major events at this point in time also resulted in the loss of financial growth for local businesses. The cancellation of the Junos
2
6
CLARENZ SALVADOR
Students asked to move out of on-campus residences
NEWS
COVID-19 delays soccer season
SPORTS & HEALTH
was particularly devastating for business. “From a financial perspective, it was tough for a lot of local businesses,” Yuen said. In order to do their part to slow the spread of the virus, Odd Couple switched to take-out and delivery services instead of their usual dine-in service starting on March 17. The staff have been engaging in stricter health measures by washing their hands more frequently, as well as sanitizing counters and the debit machine after every interaction with a customer. They also make sure to practice social distancing within the workplace, especially in the kitchen. Continued to pg. 8
On March 25 and 26, students from across campus will elect a new president of the University of Saskatchewan Students’ Union. The president is the chief spokesperson for the union and is responsible for coordinating the executive team, representing students in the university’s Board of Governors and participating in government committees regarding student issues. To help students make their decision for the upcoming election, the Sheaf asked the presidential candidates about their campaigns and where they stand on important issues in this election. What does campaigning during a pandemic look like? The pandemic calls for changes in strategy and has certainly impacted how each candidate is conducting their campaign. For Akingbehin Akinwande, “it’s very different this year.” “I like to have human interaction as opposed to a social media interface, but even at that I still love the fact that I’m reaching out to people … although it’s in a different form,” Akinwande said. Autumn LaRose-Smith says this is hard on both candidates and students, and is worried about the impact on voter turnout. “An online election is hard enough, let alone when the
9
Coronavirus conspiracies
CULTURE
province has announced a state of emergency,” LaRose-Smith said. “Usually you are trying to engage students and make sure you are as visible as possible,” said Carlos Muñoz Pimentel. But the online campaigning makes this difficult. He adds that social distancing calls for a “change in tactic” from previous campaigns. What is something unique you bring to the USSU? Akinwande says the uniqueness of his campaign is rooted in his focus on inclusion and diversity, and always thinking of how he can be of service to others. “I am a people’s person. I am always thinking about how I can be of service to my community,” Akinwande said. “I am running to make the USSU the union we the students need it to be.” LaRose-Smith believes that bringing the experience of an Indigenous woman to the USSU is important. “The other candidates have Indigenous-related platform parts in their campaign, but being the only candidate that is Indigenous for president — I feel that I would have a lot better understanding of those concerns and a lot better relationship already with that student body,” LaRose-Smith said. Muñoz Pimentel believes his years of working with the USSU set him apart from the other candidates. Continued to pg. 3
11
Keep calm and meditate
OPINIONS
NEWS EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Nykole King editor@thesheaf.com NEWS EDITOR Ana Cristina Camacho news@thesheaf.com SPORTS & HEALTH EDITOR VACANT sportshealth@thesheaf.com CULTURE EDITOR Tomilola Ojo culture@thesheaf.com
T H E S H E A F P U B L I S HI NG S OC I E T Y // MA R C H 2 6 , 2 02 0
VO L . 1 1 1 // I SS UE 2 6
Campus residences close, students asked to move out The university says this is a precautionary measure to ensure the safety and health of students.
OPINIONS EDITOR Erin Matthews opinions@thesheaf.com STAFF WRITER Noah Callaghan staffwriter@thesheaf.com COPY EDITOR J.C. Balicanta Narag copy@thesheaf.com LAYOUT MANAGER Aqsa Hussain layout@thesheaf.com PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR Victoria Becker photo@thesheaf.com GRAPHICS EDITOR Shawna Langer graphics@thesheaf.com WEB EDITOR Minh Au Duong web@thesheaf.com OUTREACH DIRECTOR Sophia Lagimodiere outreach@thesheaf.com AD & BUSINESS MANAGER Shantelle Hrytsak ads@thesheaf.com BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mikaila Ortynsky Laura Chartier Matthew Taylor Sonia Kalburgi Emily Klatt Naomi Zurenvinski
board@thesheaf.com
ADVERTISING (306) 966 8688 EDITORIAL (306) 966 8689 Mission // The mission of the Sheaf is to inform and entertain students by addressing issues relevant to life on campus, in the city or in the province. The newspaper serves as a forum for discussion on a wide range of issues that concern students. Written for students, by students, it provides unique insight into university issues through a student perspective. The staff of editors, photographers and artists collaborate with volunteers as student journalists to create a product relevant to students on the University of Saskatchewan campus. Land Acknowledgement // The Sheaf acknowledges that our office is built on Treaty Six Territory and the traditional homeland of the Métis. We pay our respects to the First Nations and Métis ancestors of this place and affirm both the importance of our relationship with Indigenous peoples and students at the U of S and our commitment to recognize and remain accountable for our collective history.
The Saskatchewan Hall of Voyager Place Residence photographed on the U of S campus on June 7, 2019. /File | Heywood Yu
WARDAH ANWAR
The University of Saskatchewan is following the example of other universities across Canada by shutting down on-campus residences. The university is urging all students who can return home safely to do so, with only three-days notice. The U of S campus is now closed to students and the general public alike, with classes being taught remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic as there are now 72 cases in Saskatchewan. Over half of students have already moved out of on-campus residences due to classes being delivered online, particularly since the university announced that all final exams will also be taken remotely. Originally, the university was not planning on asking students to vacate residences. But late Sunday evening, the university issued a statement announcing the closure of Voyageur Place buildings. The Voyageur Place dormstyle residences are not ideal for social distancing when
compared to apartment-style units. Students who cannot return home and had their cases approved by the university had to move to the U of S’s other residence buildings by Wednesday noon. Three days before this announcement in an email to the Sheaf, the U of S said they were hoping to keep the residences open in order to support students that depend on them for housing and food security. “At this time, we have international and domestic students who do not have the ability to return home,” the university said. “If they were displaced from residence, we are uncertain if and how they would find accommodations.” The high density and social nature of student residences were already a concern to the university at the time. To address this, preventative measures were taken, such as cleaning and disinfecting all high-touch surfaces. The university meal plan cafeteria Marquis Hall, which is now closed, had begun enforcing schedules to divide residents
into smaller groups. “As a result of the residence being equipped with full inroom kitchens, Culinary Services will no longer be offering dining service, but will offer modified food delivery if a resident is in self-isolation or quarantine,” the university said. As of March 23, there were no known cases of COVID-19 in U of S residences, according to George Foufas, director of consumer services. However, some students that arrived from outside the country have been self-isolating on the premises as a precaution. The university is preparing for possible future cases, including identifying spaces for quarantining students. “We have asked the students who self-isolated … to monitor their health and communicate with us on a scheduled daily basis with updates,” the university said. “We will work with our campus and local health authority to deal with the situation if it arises. We have developed protocol in order to support the student.”
FOLLOW THE SHEAF ONLINE @USASKSHEAF
thesheaf.com
Legal // The Sheaf, published weekly during the academic year and periodically from May through August, is an incorporated non-profit that is, in part, student-body funded by way of a direct levy paid by all part- and full-time undergraduate students at the U of S. The remainder of the revenue is generated through advertising. The financial affairs are governed by a Board of Directors, most of whom are students. Membership in the Sheaf Publishing Society is open to all undergraduate students at the U of S, who are encouraged to contribute to the newspaper. Absolutely no experience is required! The opinions expressed in the Sheaf do not necessarily reflect those of the Sheaf Publishing Society Inc. The Sheaf reserves the right to refuse to accept or print any material deemed unfit for publication, as determined by the Editor-in-Chief. The Editor-in-Chief has the right to veto any submission deemed unfit for the Society newspaper. In determining this, the Editor-in-Chief will decide if the article or artwork would be of interest to a significant portion of the Society and benefit the welfare of Sheaf readers. The Sheaf will not publish any racist, sexist, homophobic or libellous material.
2 / NEWS
NEWS
WWW.T H E S H E A F.COM // @ U SAS KS H E A F
MA R C H 2 6 , 2 0 2 0
USSU presidential candidates: Where they stand on issues The candidates talk campaigning during a pandemic, student engagement, the union’s transparency and more. On Feb. 6, 2020, the USSU Special General Meeting was adjourned immediately after it started because it did not meet quorum. What is your stance on this and how would you work to prevent this in the future? Akinwande was discontent with the way the SGM was handled. While he believes the quorum limit should remain, he would work to bring flexibility by means of his proposed USSU app that would allow students to decide a meeting time or make statements. “Again, it is about meeting the students’ needs,” Akinwande said. “There should be some more flexibility in the union to accommodate students.” When the SGM did not proceed, the students present started a town hall to share comments about the USSU. This inspired LaRose-Smith’s idea to “create more avenues” for student voices to be heard on a regular basis. “I think that with the SGM we obviously saw the importance for students to be able to voice concerns so that our advocacy efforts can be relevant to the student body we are representing,” LaRose-Smith said. The SGM was a “shock” to Muñoz Pimentel and it taught him a “huge lesson.” “We only needed 50 people in that room out of a student body of 20,000 undergraduates,” Muñoz Pimentel said. “It helps you see how the USSU is not properly engaging with students.”
Supplied | Carlos Muñoz Pimentel
VAIDEHEE LANKE
Continued from cover
“In my current role as vice-president academic [affairs], I have been able to get a lot of connections with the university community as a whole,” Muñoz Pimentel said. “So when it comes to me making sure that the platform proposed comes to fruition, it is a much easier job because I know who to get in contact with and how to get it done.” As voters, it is important to know where candidates stand regarding decisions made by the USSU. Here are the candidates’ opinions on the USSU’s operations this year. What is an issue the USSU could have addressed this year? What would you do differently as president? There have been a couple of issues that Akinwande thinks the USSU could improve their approach on. Most important to him is the issue regarding international students still being technically ineligible to run for the USSU executive and it is one that he has been advocating for this entire academic year. For him, “inclusion is non-negotiable.” “The reason why this [issue] was not resolved properly is because it was not a priority enough for the current administration, but for me, diversity and inclusion is priority. I would stop at nothing for it,” Akinwande said. In her current role as vice-president student affairs, LaRose-Smith has noted gaps in communication; students have told her that they wish they knew of services and events happening on campus. To this end, she has proposed holding town halls with every single constituency of campus to hear student concerns. “Communication is incredibly important — having people understand who the USSU is, why it is important and how you can reach out,” LaRose-Smith said. “The way I would love to communicate the importance of the USSU is through heightened collaboration with students and students groups on our campus.” Muñoz Pimentel points to Welcome Week as an issue because it “seemed that USSU presence was not as strong as it should have been.” He believes this boils down to gauging how good engagement is between the USSU and students. For this, Muñoz Pimentel proposes to audit all communications of the USSU with students. This audit will be used to craft a “solid” communication strategy designed to make students realize that the students’ union is there for them.
In October 2019, the Students’ Society of McGill University asked the USSU for a letter of support for their divestment movement. The USSU executive decided not to do so. What is your stance on divestment from the fossil fuel sector? “The primary role, if I am elected president, is to be an executive position representing University of Saskatchewan students,” Akinwande said. “I would consult with students, explain the issues… I’m going to work only based on feedback [received from] students.” He acknowledges that both climate change and sustainability are very complicated issues and does not “want to make decisions that would negatively affect students here.” Divestment is an issue that LaRose-Smith has discussed with members of the student body in the past. For her, it is about transparency. “I understand that simply divesting is a much more complicated concern, however, I think that in regards to transparency — if we are not fully able to divest, students should still know where their money and fees are going in regards to investments. And what types of investments are being made and who we are working with,” LaRose-Smith said.” Muñoz Pimentel is in support of divestment, especially in light of the university’s focus on sustainability. “I want to push administration in knowing where their investments are and trying to see if there is a better way,” Muñoz Pimentel said. “After all, this is our planet and we have to protect it and make sure that investments into the fossil fuel industry are definitely reduced, if not eliminated.” In the election last year, voter turnout was 9.34 per cent and it continued the 10-year running trend of candidates being uncontested. How will you increase voter turnout? Akinwande acknowledges student engagement is poor due to students being so busy; he says the “primary objective is not to get students engaged only with the union,” instead it is to meet their needs. He points to his proposed USSU app that would include the student bus pass, event information and budgets as a tool to increase transparency and accessibility with the union. “If students see that the union works for them, they feel their impact and have access… Then automatically they will be more engaged,” Akinwande said. LaRose-Smith wants to work to “revitalize the campus community … to increase overall participation within the
Supplied | Akingbehin Akinwande
USSU.” She says that the large number of candidates running for USSU positions this year “shows that the student body is wanting change and that they are craving movement.” “Something that was eye-opening to me in my six months in this term was the difficulty in reaching out to students as a member of the USSU,” LaRose-Smith said. “It is about breaking down those walls.” Muñoz Pimentel also points to how last year only the president’s position was contested, but this year, three out of the four positions have multiple candidates in the running. “This year is evident in how even one year of being consistent and open about a lot of things has driven a lot of people to [run] for executive positions,” Muñoz Pimentel said. “Student engagement is not necessarily focused solely on the USSU. It’s focused on engagement within campus clubs… And that’s a conversation I’m willing to have over the next year.” What responsibility comes from the USSU being financed by student fees? Akinwande says it means accountability. He says “it is a burden on [him] to provide services that are commensurate to the amount of money students put in the union.” LaRose-Smith feels it is a “huge responsibility that this is the students’ undergraduate union.” For her, this means being relevant to the student body and bringing forward their issues. For Muñoz Pimentel, it means a responsibility to be transparent. He says “it is about being transparent with students as to why we are charging them the fees we are.” Undergraduate students can vote on PAWS from 9 a.m. on March 25 to 4 p.m. on March 26.
Supplied | Autumn LaRose-Smith
NEWS / 3
NEWS
T H E S H E A F P U B L I S HI NG S OC I E T Y // MA R C H 2 6 , 2 02 0
VO L . 1 1 1 // I SS UE 2 6
Trudeau announces $23 million for VIDO-InterVac’s COVID-19 vaccine development The recently approved government-funded manufacturing facility will help the organization meet future testing and supply demands. NOAH CALLAGHAN STAFF WRITER
Researchers at the University of Saskatchewan are leading Canada’s fight against the coronavirus. With their SARS-CoV-2 vaccine currently in animal testing, the federal government is allocating $23 million to help support the next phases of clinical testing which include a new manufacturing facility. The Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization International Vaccine Centre is one of the world’s largest biosafety level 3 high containment facilities constructed for research into emerging human and animal diseases. The organization received approval to begin vaccine research in January and close to $1.2 million in research funding were promised by the federal and Saskatchewan governments earlier this month. Director and CEO of VIDO- InterVac Volker Gerdts says the organization’s extensive work with vaccines is helping researchers understand how coronaviruses function and what types of vaccines are needed to control them. “VIDO-InterVac, overall, was exactly built for this purpose,” Gerdts said. “The organization has developed the first coronavirus vaccine for cattle, then a few years ago we developed a coronavirus vaccine for pigs.” Currently, the prototype SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is in the early stages of clinical safety testing in animal models. Afterwards, VIDO-InterVac will require time to ensure that the vaccine is safe through further human clinical testing before it can then be produced for the public.
4 / NEWS
David Stobbe / StobbePhoto.ca
The World Health Organization is connecting regulators from across the globe to help streamline vaccine development requirements. According to Gerdts, in a “best case scenario” a COVID-19 vaccine could be ready in 12 to 15 months. On Monday morning, the federal government announced that of its $275 million plan for coronavirus research, $192 million is being designated to “quickly mobilize” Canadian vaccine development. VIDO-InterVac will receive $11 million in funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation to help with its vaccine development. And an additional $12 million from the department of Western Economic Diversification will be used to expand its bio manufacturing capacity. Gerdts says the $12 million
will be used to construct a pilot-scale manufacturing facility within VIDO-InterVac’s high containment lab which will support the next phase of clinical trials. “This facility will help fast track vaccine development and there’s a real shortage in the country’s capacity to manufacture vaccines in situations like this,” Gerdts said. “It will enable clinical research, but then also during outbreaks like this one, the manufacturing facility can start making vaccines for Canadians.” VIDO-InterVac estimates that it will be able to produce roughly 20 million doses when the facility is completed. It also means they will be better able to meet the supply demands of other human and animal vaccines in the future. Gerdts has been working
on emerging pathogens with VIDO-InterVac for over two decades and says there is more “urgency” when responding to a pandemic. The crisis has led to increased global collaboration and VIDO-InterVac takes part in weekly phone meetings organized by the WHO to share information about the virus. “There’s the top 20 to 30 labs from around the world on these calls and we have updates from vaccine manufacturers on what kind of vaccines they are developing, so it’s really a continuous information exchange,” Gerdts said. Because of how rapidly SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading worldwide, the rates indicate that there might be “second and third waves” and a vaccine would help prevent future infections. While vaccines are an ef-
fective response to new disease outbreaks, Gerdts says VIDO-InterVac is focused on developing vaccines for these emerging pathogens. The challenge is predicting what the next disease will look like, but certain information gives researchers direction. “The family of coronaviruses; they’re a good suspect for assuming that the next emerging pathogen is also going to be a coronavirus because if you look back, we’ve had SARS, MERS and now COVID-19 within 18 years,” Gertds said. “So there’s families of viruses that may be more prone to cause these large outbreaks than others, and if you develop a vaccine that will protect against all of the pathogens in these groups, then you could potentially have something ready whenever the next disease occurs.”
WWW.T H E S H E A F.COM // @ U SAS KS H E A F
MA R C H 2 6 , 2 0 2 0
Looking for Term 1 classes for September, 2020?
NEWS
Consider the following International Studies and Political Studies options! A complete list of course offerings is available online. IS 110 Global Issues
IS 201 Global Citizenship Cultures and Co-Existence
This course examines the complex relationship betw een the "local’ and the "global’ by exploring the processes of globalization and the manner in w hich these affect the prospects of diverse societies around the w orld.
The objective of this course is to introduce students to various aspects of global citizenship, global cultures and coexistence.
IS 211 Introduction to International Studies Development
IS 401 International Cooperation and Conflict
This course introduces students to key themes in international development. In an interconnected and interdependent w orld, it is imperative to understand the conditions under w hich a majority of the w orld lives, how these conditions have come to be, and w hat is being done to address concerns of inequity and poverty.
This seminar explores the contribution that interdisciplinary theory and research make tow ard understanding international issues, particularly international cooperation and conflict. Topics w ill include nationalism and ethnicity, the role of international organizations in conflict resolution and democratization, human rights, militarism and peacekeeping.
POLS 111 Dem ocratic Citizenship in Canada
POLS 112 Justice and Injustice in Politics and Law
What does it mean to be a citizen in Canada today? How can individuals be effective citizens within Canadian democracy? This course introduces students to political participation and activism in Canada.
This course introduces students to different ways of thinking about the idea of justice in a political society and w ill explore important issues of justice and injustice that arise in contemporary political and legal systems.
POLS 225 Canadian Public Administration and Adm inistrative Law
POLS 236 History of Political Theory
An introduction to the basic structures, processes, and principles of public administration system at the national and sub-national levels in Canada.
An introduction to the ideas of key historical political theorists, including Plato, Aristotle, Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes. Emphasis w ill be placed on the emergence of their ideas in their historical context as w ell as on their ongoing relevance for politics today.
POLS 261 Global Politics
POLS 302 The Politics and Law of Work and Em ployment
An introduction to the dynamics of international politics through the evolution of international politics w ith a focus on major events and ideas in the development of the modern international system.
This course w ill provide the student w ith a thorough understanding of both the individual and collective nature of Canada’s employment regimes, w hile also developing a richer understanding of the politics of w ork.
POLS 333 Theory and Politics of Law
POLS 383 Career Internship
This course introduces students to the principal theoretical positions used to understand, justify, and evaluate law at both the national and international levels. It asks students to critically engage w ith classical and critical theories about the nature of law and legal obligations.
Designed to provide students w ith an opportunity to study policy, management, and administrative matters of importance to organizations in Saskatchewan.
POLS 384 Aboriginal Administrative Internship
POLS 461 Topics in Global Politics
Provides an opportunity for students involved in the Aboriginal Administrative Internship to deepen their understanding of various governance, policy, management and administrative issues in the Aboriginal sector.
Selected topics seminar w here students will investigate the methodology and applications of the theory and evidence related to one of the subfields including Canadian Foreign Policy Processes, Ethical Issues in International Relations, International Development, International Terrorism, International Political Economy, International Trade and Globalization
The Department of Political Studies offers the following programs and certificates
DEGREES:
Political Studies Degree International Studies Degree
(contact Dr. Joseph Garcea
joe.garcea@usask.ca)
(contact Dr. Colleen Bell
colleen.bell@usask.ca)
(contact Dr. Martin Gaal
martin.gaal@ussak.ca)
(contact Kathy Walker
kathy.walker@usask.ca)
(contact Dr. Kirsten Fisher
kirsten.fisher@usask.ca)
CERTIFICATES:
Global Studies Certificate Indigenous Governance Certificate Politics and Law Certificate
CERTIFICATES CAN BE EARNED BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS:
In conjunction with any degree or certificate in any College Prior to commencing a degree or certificate in any College After completing a degree or certificate in any College
/5
SPORTS&HEALTH
T H E S H E A F P U B L I S HI NG S OC I E T Y // MA R C H 2 6 , 2 02 0
VO L . 1 1 1 // I SS UE 2 6
The Sheaf Workouts: Get swole, not sick
A workout for our quarantined friends to get off the couch. THEA PEARCE
Since COVID-19 has surfaced in Saskatoon, many people are practicing social distancing to prevent the spread of the virus. Though it’s a smart thing to do, quarantining yourself can lead to substantial boredom and a lack of motivation to remain physically active. Physical activity is not only beneficial for your
mental health but will help to strengthen your immune system. Listed below is a quick workout to get you nice and sweaty while protected from the germs at your local gym. Complete this workout three times and it should take about 15 minutes of your time. It can be done with or without weights. But make sure to warm up first with two minutes of jumping jacks and burpees.
1. Squat jumps: 15 repetitions 2. Donkey kicks: 12 repetitions per side 3. Tricep dips: 15 repetitions 4. Incline push-ups: 12 repetitions 5. Russian twists: 12 repetitions
Flickr / Ivan Radic
The future of soccer in Saskatoon put on hold due to COVID-19 The SK Selects aims to join the Canadian Premier League and push the boundaries of Canadian soccer. JOHANN JACOB
For Joe Belan, this year was supposed to be a turning point for legitimizing professional soccer in Saskatchewan. The lead team organizer of the Saskatoon team, the SK Selects, was eager to be one step closer to making the Canadian Premier League for professional soccer. But now, the momentum from their impressive premiere season last year has been halted by the increasing public threat of COVID-19. For the sporting world, COVID-19 came as a shock and forced all major sports leagues to close shop. The unfortunate timing has resulted in the cancellation of the SK Selects’ anticipated pre-season series against CPL team FC Edmonton scheduled for the end of March. The rest of the much anticipated sophomore season remains uncertain. “We keep moving ahead with the things that we can control. Obviously COVID-19 is a setback but we’ll continue to move forward as fast as we can,” Belan said. Even the goal of founding a CPL franchise in Saskatoon could be postponed. The initial target of the 2021-22 season may be unlikely now with the severe state of COVID-19. “Ultimately, with the ob-
6 / SPORTS & HEALTH
jective of building a strong foundation, I don’t think it is a setback even though we want to get there, to the destination, as soon as possible,” Belan said. “I think it’s about doing it the right way rather than trying to meet some sort of timetable.” Currently, local soccer teams are still struggling to become part of the Canadian mainstream. With Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver all part of an American league, the CPL focuses exclusively on Canadian audiences and player development. The Canadian league has eight teams, and Belan believes Saskatoon should be the next. “We not only want to build a Saskatoon team but a Saskatchewan team where we can connect and represent cities like Regina, Prince Albert, Swift Current as well,” Belan said. “There certainly is a gap, … when we look at Saskatchewan, to being part of the Canadian Premier League.” The ownership group of the SK Selects has taken a methodical, grassroots approach to building a strong fanbase for the Saskatoon-based club. They also organize the SK Summer Soccer Series as a way to test whether the potential CPL team is a viable option here. “We look at this very much as a long-term project that we want to invest, both with capital but also emotionally, and
we’re asking other people that are supportive and interested in being part of this project to do the same,” Belan said. For Belan and the other organizers, providing the opportunity for local talent to go professional has been a key initiative for the organization. “Currently, Saskatchewan is just not able to produce the same numbers of players that many other provinces and cities are able to do across Canada,” Belan said. “So we think that this project is important in giving players an opportunity to develop in a system so that they can ultimately graduate on to playing for the national team.” Despite the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, the SK Selects remain determined to showcase their talent. Belan says that could mean reducing their initial six-game summer series down to one or two games, as long as it is safe to do so. While COVID-19 raises uncertainty about the Select’s 2020 season, what remains certain is that Saskatchewan has an exciting future in soccer with the SK Selects looking to join the CPL and cultivate a sense of community amongst Saskatchewanians. “We want people to congregate around this project, support it and build that broad-based sense of community and that just takes
Supplied by Joe Belan | Summer Soccer Series
time,” Belan said. “That’s the approach we've taken, we're
not going to rush it.”
WWW.T H E S H E A F.COM // @ U SAS KS H E A F
MA R C H 2 6 , 2 0 2 0
SPORTS&HEALTH
Local businesses promote physical activity during social distancing
ht e sheaf
p ubl
Volunteer with the sheaf publishing society
is h
ing so
Gr ap hic
ge r/
It can be frustrating to maintain your physical activity during a normal month, and increasingly so during a pandemic. We sit alone in our houses wondering what we can do to pass the time to make things just a little more bearable. We are stuck in limbo waiting to see what’s to come, and this waiting game might be harming our mental health. It’s well known that high levels of social isolation can lead to negative self-esteem and feelings of loneliness. You might not think that physical activity should be a priority for anyone right now but research suggests otherwise. Physical activity, whether it is team sports or individual activities, have positive impacts on mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. While we cannot safely resume our regular activities until COVID-19 is no longer an immediate threat, we can find some activities to do in the meantime to help balance out our state of mind. Going to the gym is not an option as all fitness centres in Saskatoon are temporarily closed. Luckily for us, there are online resources put together by the city’s local businesses to help us stay active while at home. The local dance and aerial studio, Saskatoon Pole & Dance Studio, has organized free daily fitness challenges
developed by their instructional staff. Each challenge can be done at home without additional equipment and is suitable for various fitness levels. They also offer free virtual classes through a video conferencing app. Participants have the option to pay for the class or put class credits towards the free classes to help support the local studio, but monetary contributions are completely optional. At the Local Barre Fitness, they are offering free live barre classes through their Instagram page. These classes are designed for people with different levels of fitness and incorporate total body movements to get a complete workout. While not everyone will be interested in these challenges and classes, they do offer a nice alternative to in-person classes that are currently unavailable. Having these resources offered online allows participants to complete the workout in their own home without risking exposure. With the closure of the campus Fit Centre, USask Rec and Human Performance Center are sharing an at-home workout series that will continue until they reopen. Physical activity can play a significant role in an individual’s mental and physical wellness so it is important to remain active during difficult times to help reduce the negative impact. Especially at times like these, everyone should take care of themselves by being mindful of their overall well-being.
y
GRAPHICS EDITOR
ciet
SHAWNA LANGER
sE dito r
Staying active might not be top of mind during this pandemic, but it is something to consider.
S
The free resources available might not be the perfect fit for everyone, but they can act as a guide to help individuals devel-
op their own exercise routine. Social distancing doesn’t mean you can’t continue to be physically active. And with the
na w ha
n La
stress of a pandemic surrounding us, staying physically active is just that much more important.
Visit us in the memorial union building or Email outreach@ thesheaf.com SPORTS & HEALTH / 7
CULTURE
T H E S H E A F P U B L I S HI NG S OC I E T Y // MA R C H 2 6 , 2 02 0
VO L . 1 1 1 // I SS UE 2 6
Adjusting to survive: A local business’ story amidst the pandemic How Odd Couple is battering down to prepare for the many challenges that come with the pandemic. CLARENZ SALVADOR
Continued from cover The restaurant has kept the same kitchen crew from when they first opened six years ago. They don’t intend to, nor do they wish to, lay off any of their staff, but over the past week, there have been a few mornings when they had to send staff members home due to slow business. This is part of a protective measure to limit the number of people within the restaurant whenever they can.
“
is grateful for Saskatoon’s supportive community and for the restaurant’s loyal customers who continue to use their food services. “People come in. They are awesome. They understand that we’re just a small local business just like my neighbours, just like everyone else in Saskatoon,” Yuen said. “So they understand that we try our best to survive and they are very, very supportive. I am very fortunate.” With a world health crisis of this scale, it is hard to tell where a business could be in the next year or even in the next month — only time will tell.
Everyone must do their part when faced with this level of adversity, where the health of the most vulnerable is at risk. Although social distancing limits the capacity of customers they can serve, it will play a major part in reducing the spread of the virus. The more cautious everyone is, the faster these local businesses can recover. Yuen encourages everyone in Saskatoon to continue supporting local services during this time. Small businesses like Odd Couple are the backbone of an economy, especially in Canada where over 90 per cent of businesses are small and local.
If I want to survive, I have to adjust,
As the novel coronavirus continues to spread across the globe, so does discrimination against Chinese and East Asian people due to the fact that the virus started in China. Asian-owned businesses in Canada such as restaurants and markets have been suffering because of this xenophobia and racism fueled issue. Yuen
”
–Andy Yuen Yuen also pointed out how the deteriorating employment rate due to the virus slowing down the economy reduces the chances of people spending money at local restaurants. Taking this into consideration, he expects to continue with Odd Couple’s delivery service in the following months to compensate for the loss of local customers wanting to dine-in.
The whole world is left with an air of uncertainty as we move forward in this chapter of our lives. For local businesses like Odd Couple, the best way to handle this type of uncertainty is to be prepared to adapt and adjust to any drastic changes that may come along the way. “If I want to survive, I have to adjust,” Yuen said.
The sign of the Odd Couple restaurant on 20th Street on March 26, 2020 | Tomilola Ojo/ Culture Editor
What in the world does that mean?: Immunocompromised populations and social isolation
As the novel coronavirus continues to spread, so does misinformation regarding it. When it comes down to it, everyone seems to have an opinion on how the virus is being handled. Suddenly, everyone is an expert in infectious disease and immunology, even that one guy on Facebook who likes to wax philosophical about why social distancing is dumb and wasn’t going to stop him from partying this weekend. We’re all hearing the terms “immunocompromised populations” and “social distancing” get thrown around and while we can hazard a guess, we all have different understandings of exactly what this means. Immunocompromised populations refer to groups of people whose immune systems are more susceptible to disease due to a
8 / CULTURE
pre-existing health condition. This includes the elderly, people with multiple diagnoses and people with chronic conditions. Since we can’t tell from physical appearance whether a person is immunocompromised or not, social distancing is a great coverall method to make sure we’re not putting vulnerable people at risk. Social distancing is a proven principle in epidemiology — a branch of medicine that studies the outbreak and control of diseases — and is absolutely critical to fighting the spread of COVID-19. Social distancing functions similarly to herd immunity in the sense that we can protect people with compromised immune systems by reducing the possibility of their contact with the disease. ‘But what exactly does social distancing mean?’ you might ask. First of all, one thing we can get out of the way is what social distancing is not. Social distanc-
ing is not avoiding public places but still going to see your significant other. It also isn’t meeting up with friends but staying two metres apart while you hang out. The Government of Canada’s official description of social distancing is “making changes in your everyday routines in order to minimize close contact with others.” While this means avoiding crowded places, staying two metres apart and avoiding contact with immunocompromised and higher-risk populations such as the elderly or chronically ill, it also means that Saturday night beer pong with the boys are postponed until further notice. Same goes for wine night with the girls. If you need to talk to your grandparents, there has never been a better time for them to learn how to work FaceTime. However, with the advent of video chat software and fast product delivery services we’ve
Ma na g
CULTURE EDITOR
/L ay ou t
TOMILOLA OJO
er
We keep hearing these terms get thrown around, but what do they really mean?
sa Aq
never been more prepared for social isolation. And that’s not even mentioning the extremely brave but taxing work being done by healthcare professionals all over the world. It is easier now than ever to keep in touch with loved ones and keep ourselves occupied while we’re at home. If nothing else convinces you to stay home, maybe the $2,000 fine that has been imposed by the
ai ss Hu
n
Saskatchewan government for travellers violating self-isolation orders. Also, police in Saskatchewan can now enforce public health and emergency orders — you can be arrested for breaking social distancing rules. And have you heard of an easier way of saving the world? Sitting at home doing nothing? Sounds like my kind of superpower.
MA R C H 2 6 , 2 0 2 0
CULTURE
WWW.T H E S H E A F.COM // @ U SAS KS H E A F
Coronavirus conspiracies: The simple answers turned into political weapons
Misinformation is nothing new, but stoking people’s fears in a pandemic is hindering global collaboration.
Empty shelves in the toilet paper aisle of an Atlantic Superstore supermarket in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, on March 12, 2020 due to panic buying related to the COVID-19. | Flickr / Indrid__Cold
NOAH CALLAGHAN STAFF WRITER
As more governments declare a state of emergency and businesses close to limit the spread of COVID-19, the world has shifted into a state of crisis. Social distancing has increasingly become the new norm, but conspiracy theories are also on the rise as people search for an explanation. Experiencing a pandemic for the first time has made people more nervous than usual. People like to feel in control of their lives, however, that sense of security is eroded when our daily lives are interrupted and stopping the spread of COVID-19 seems impossible. Take the people around the world panic buying food and toilet paper. Although this gives people some control over their immediate well-being, it can cause real supply shortages as a collective action. Another way people try to regain their personal agency is by searching for an easy explanation and someone to
blame. Conspiracy theories can help their believers reassert control over an unstable and complex situation, such as a pandemic, by offering a simple answer. Some have already claimed the coronavirus came from space — which is not true — but this just shows the lengths people are willing to go to find an explanation. In reality, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a pretty uneventful origin compared to the conspiracy theories already surrounding it. Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning the virus was transmitted from an animal species to humans. This is what is suspected to have happened in a seafood market in the Chinese city of Wuhan. But this seemingly random zoonotic beginning hardly competes with the idea that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is actually a biological weapon manufactured in a lab. Suspicion is misdirected at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, with rumours claiming the virus was either intentionally or accidentally released. Believing that the novel
coronavirus is the product of human engineering is tantalizing because it makes the emerging pathogen seem less like a chaotic force of nature while providing a scapegoat. Despite how believable these explanations might be, research has debunked the theory. Furthermore, past coronaviruses such as MERS and SARS both had zoonotic origins. And there are several identified coronaviruses in animals that have not yet infected humans. However, some Chinese officials have flipped this conspiracy theory around to deflect blame for the pandemic with a counterclaim that the virus is a bioweapon inflicted against them. Chinese propaganda is now pushing a conspiracy that the United States’ military released the coronavirus in Wuhan. In response to these state-sponsored rumours, President Donald Trump has deliberately been calling COVID-19 the “Chinese virus.” Trump claims this term is not racist and strictly refers to its country of origin, but many fear the term is stoking
xenophobia during a global crisis. While conspiracy theories can help individuals rationalize the randomness of the world during this pandemic, they are increasingly being used as political tools to misdirect citizens’ anxieties. A statement made by public health scientists from around the world has condemned rumours and misinformation, suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin. “Conspiracy theories do nothing but create fear, rumours and prejudice that jeopardize our global collaboration in the fight against the virus,” the statement said. The fact that so many conspiracies have quickly arisen shows that our society is plagued by worse things than emerging viruses — misinformation. However, stopping the coronavirus is not out of our control. In fact, it is very dependent on each individual to be responsible and practice social distancing to help flatten the curve.
CULTURE / 9
CULTURE
T H E S H E A F P U B L I S HI NG S OC I E T Y // MA R C H 2 6 , 2 02 0
VO L . 1 1 1 // I SS UE 2 6
Four new noteworthy shows to binge watch in self-isolation From spooky to hilarious, these shows are worth your time. The new year has undoubtedly been marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it has also seen the release of several new and noteworthy TV shows. So get your Netflix or Amazon Prime video on because whether you’re quarantined or just lazy, these shows will keep you entertained during your social distancing. THEA PEARCE
The Witcher
On Netflix Though it was released in 2019, The Witcher is one of the best shows on Netflix to date. Adapted from both an acclaimed book series and video game enterprise, the story follows three primary protagonists at different points in time whose stories amalgamate into a single timeline. The protagonists’ lives are each affected differently by the empire of Nilfgaard, which seeks to expand its territory no matter the cost. Professional monster hunter Geralt of Rivia is inextricably linked to a young princess named Ciri, whose destiny lies in his hands. Throughout the series, he struggles to accept his destiny and maintain his humanity in a world overrun by dark forces. This series has the potential to become the new Game of Thrones, and you don’t want to miss out on it.
Good Girls
Hunters / Public Domain
Hunters
On Amazon Prime Taking place in New York City during the postCold War era, Hunters follows protagonist Jonah Heidelbaum in his fight to avenge his grandmother’s death. Heidelbaum finds himself taken in by a covert group of Jewish Nazi hunters, some of who are Holocaust survivors, as they wage a secret war against escaped Nazi war criminals living in the United States. In each episode, this furtive group takes down their targets before time runs out. Many of the characters struggle with the morality of vigilante justice and the consequences of their mission. The Nazi officials work to create a “Fourth Reich,” but the hunters don’t make it easy for them.
On Netflix This series follows three Michigan suburban mothers, each of whom are facing massive financial troubles. Sisters Beth and Annie, along with their friend Ruth, band together to get their lives under control. After exhausting every possible option, the women take matters into their own hands and decide to rob a grocery store. Their success attracts the attention of a local gang, who have no intention of letting them get away with it. With no other alternative, the moms start a money laundering business and soon learn that a life of crime pays off. Though self-isolation prevents us from living our typical day-to-day lives, we can always find comfort in different ways of escaping reality. These shows each act as a way to pass the time while quarantined and provide an escape from the current state of the world.
Sex Education season two
On Netflix This coming-of-age comedy follows socially awkward teenager Otis Milburn and his high school peers as they struggle to come to terms with their sexuality. Otis’ mother is a sex therapist whose open and honest approach to all things concerning sex makes Otis uncomfortable. In an effort to better educate himself and fellow students, Otis and his classmate Maeve open a sex advice business to try to help others with their sex related problems. Season two of the series finds Otis in a new relationship with a spunky character named Ola Nyman. This season focuses on the pressures that come with dating while in high school. The protagonist’s relationship is tested by sexual taboos and stereotypes that are discussed throughout the series.
10 / CULTURE
Sex Education / Public Domain
The Witcher / Public Domain
Good Girls / Public Domain
MA R C H 2 6 , 2 0 2 0
OPINIONS
WWW.T H E S H E A F.COM // @ U SAS KS H E A F
Deep breaths and meditate: Ways to remain positive and calm during the COVID-19 crisis Here are a few things you can do to ease your anxiety during this strange time. EMMA RAICHUK
In just a few weeks, our lives have been radically altered. This can be overwhelming but there are a few things we can do to help ourselves get through it. So instead of asking what-if questions, ask yourself “what can I do for the time being?” Take the extra time to take care of your body. Why not slow down and take a bath while you light a candle. Take time to make a healthy snack or try your hand at making a nourishing meal. And remember to get your eight hours of sleep a night. Taking care of your body can help with anxiety and keeps you healthy. Do an activity to keep you busy and slightly distracted. This could be anything from
reading a book to drawing a picture or painting. You could learn how to knit or take up a new hobby. Keep your body moving and your mind off the news by doing a home workout via YouTube. You could bake your favourite dessert or learn to cook a recipe that you’ve been wanting to try. Social distancing doesn’t have to be distant. Try group FaceTime or Skype, or an old fashioned phone call. This is the best way to reach people that you can’t contact in person. It still brings the feeling of togetherness and satisfies our need as humans to socialize. Meditate to help with your anxiety. Meditation is a calm activity that can help us focus our feelings and calm our mind. There are plenty of ways to meditate
so pick one that is right for you. The easiest is to either lay in bed or take a seat, close your eyes and breathe slowly and deeply. There are also apps available such as Headspace and Calm. Focus on what hasn’t changed. List at least three things that have not changed in your life. By focusing on what is staying the same, you can stay grounded and be able to keep your daily routines the same as much as you can. Shawna Langer/ Graphics Editor
List the times when you handled the unknown. Not knowing what is going to happen or how long this will continue can cause a lot of fear. Keep in mind that there have been other situations in which you felt afraid or where there was an unknown outcome but you made it through. You will make it through this, too.
Set a limit on your social media time. Scrolling through Twitter and other platforms for more time than usual can lead you to feeling overwhelmed, especially when your feeds are filled with news and emergency alerts. To avoid feeling anxious, set a limit on your time on social media.
Know you are not alone. As High School Musical would say, “We’re all in this together.” And quite literally, everyone in the world is in a similar situation. We all need to stick together — even if we physically can’t be together — and make sure we look out for each other.
Experiential learning: What textbooks can’t teach you The U of S needs to rethink how it prepares students to be “what the world needs.” MICHELLE BRANDSMA
MARIA SHUPENIA
KYLEE WILYMAN
At the start of the winter term, the three of us enrolled in an intensive clinical program at Community Legal Assistance Services for Saskatoon Inner City Inc. — a local poverty law clinic better known as CLASSIC. As third-year law students, our work has often consisted of sitting with and listening to clients as they relive their worst tragedies so that we may help them navigate their legal issues within a system that has not been written in their favour. By March, we had already come face-to-face with an unsympathetic criminal law system, sexual assault, colonization trauma and other systemic fallout. Indeed, it seems that the authors of these laws have never given these people more than a passing thought. At CLASSIC, we are regu-
larly confronted with the issues created by an inequitable social structure and justice system that we have been trained to uphold. We, who are privileged enough to attend university, all too often reduce complex social issues to vague academic concepts that are soon forgotten once we enter our careers. This should not be so. Our university is a part of this community, and we have a duty to ensure that community-based education is an integral part of every degree. The University of Saskatchewan has committed itself to being “The university the world needs” in its 2025 plan, committing itself to curiosity, collaboration and community. This is ostensibly a commitment towards an interdisciplinary approach to education and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. While these are admirable goals, we have found that the university is far from achieving them. At the U of S, we absolutely learned the law. We were taught how to read statutes and case law, but this is not necessarily a full depiction of the law. Law cannot
be separated from the people who created it, or those it directly affects. Law cannot be separated from the society in which it exists. We are calling for an education that is infused with a deeper understanding of social issues and reconciliation. We are calling for an education that includes these aspects in every part of the law, and one that is more open to interdisciplinary collaboration. It is our hope that the university will break down the barriers between colleges and begin offering a holistic education. At the College of Law, the classes which focus on Indigenous law and other social issues are often siloed and separated from more traditional classes. The failure to fully integrate important aspects of our education leaves students ill-prepared for the intricacies and complicated nature of working with individuals of diverse backgrounds. It fails to prepare us for reality. The university will never achieve their admirable goals without facilitating students’ participation in community-based and experiential learning. These
Legal texts in the U of S Library in October 2018. /File | Aqsa Hussain/ Layout Manager
experiences allow students the opportunity to engage with individuals outside of their own racial, cultural or socio-economic backgrounds. We need to move beyond passive classroom experiences where students sit glass-eyed, waiting to get their degrees. We must burst the academic bubble, where scholars research their respective areas without providing benefit to the community they are surrounded by. We need to demand more of our education. The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for attention to social justice issues. While you might be comfortably sequestered in your home, bored but unafraid, there are those who
fear the loss of their livelihoods, their homes and their health. There are some who have no homes to seek refuge in. We cannot hope to be the university the world needs if we fail to consider the community around us. In whatever degree you are in, stop and consider the real-world impact of your current research or future career. Seek out opportunities to work in diverse communities so that you can confidently receive a well-rounded education that moves beyond the ivory tower. Work with others outside of your discipline and take classes that you know will stretch your capacity. Do not allow yourself to become complacent.
OPINIONS / 11
OPINIONS
T H E S H E A F P U B L I S HI NG S OC I E T Y // MA R C H 2 6 , 2 02 0
VO L . 1 1 1 // I SS UE 2 6
It’s time to unpack this anti-climatic final term We’re finding out that things don’t always end the way they are meant to. MIKAILA ORTYNSKY
On Thursday, March 12, I was sitting around the table at Primal Pasta with colleagues. A sense of eeriness ran down 20th Street with mentions of the recently cancelled Junos on nearly every storefront. Much of our conversation surrounded the escalating situation of COVID-19. There were rumblings around campus about the potential of classes being cancelled for the remainder of the term. I briefly mentioned my contingency plan of moving back to my hometown to be with my family. The increase of time alone in my apartment was already getting to me, even though the situation in Saskatchewan was only several days old. I soon found myself driving down the Yellowhead Highway less than 48 hours later — on track to live out every 22-yearold university student’s dream
12 / OPINIONS
of moving into their parents’ basement. It was a premature and unexpected departure from one of my favourite places, the campus of the University of Saskatchewan. I’ve often wondered what my last days of university would look like, but I never expected them to look like this For the past four years, I’ve taken advantage of every facet the university — and my college, Edwards School of Business — had to offer. I studied, worked, researched and have been a part of student groups. Overall, I spent way more time there than at my actual home. The people in this building became like a second family. As April 7 came closer, I envisioned what my last day of undergrad would look like: presenting our capstone presentation with my best friend, leaving class for the final time, printing off and stapling my thesis for sole satisfaction, cel-
ebratory beers at Louis’ and taking the typical last day of school photo in front of the Edwards sign. Alas, many of these plans will be delayed to a further date and in much different circumstances. The feeling, I am sure, is similar for many graduating students — we are left hanging in this liminal state. No goodbyes to friends and professors, no sense of satisfaction after writing the last midterm or our final exams. There won’t be anymore smiles with the friendly Tim Hortons worker. Instead, many of us left campus on Thursday or Friday for the last time this academic year. As the situation escalates, the usual festivities — like grad banquets, photos and even convocation — have been cancelled. Some of us may be going into the workforce while others are going for more schooling. There will be many of us still finding our way after these up-
Shawna Langer/ Graphics Editor
coming online final exams. Post-convocation is often a time of uncertainty for many graduates and many of the events we were looking forward to over the years are so small in the grand scheme of things. I do not disagree with the U of S suspending in-person classes and moving them online. It is a smart and logical
decision in my mind. However, this changes the experiences of the final term for many students. So what we have now is to remember the memories USask gave us. While things may seem bleak, it will all be okay. Know that even though things don’t always end as they are meant to be, they always end as they should be.
WWW.T H E S H E A F.COM // @ U SAS KS H E A F
MA R C H 2 6 , 2 0 2 0
DISTRACTIONS
Volunteer with the sheaf publishing society ciet
p ubl
is h
y
the sheaf ing so
Visit us in the memorial union building or Email outreach@thesheaf.com
DISTRACTIONS / 13
T H E S H E A F P U B L I S HI NG S OC I E T Y // MONT H X X , 2 0 X X
U S S U B A C K PA G E
ELECTIONS CAMPAIGNING BEGINS MARCH 16 VOTE ON PAWS MARCH 25 & 26 FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT USSU.CA/ELECTIONS
F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N V I S I T U S S U . C A