Parade 10-07 by The Southern Illinoisan

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2012

One

Lucky

Little Girl

When she was 15 months old, Julieanna Metcalf of Montrose, Minn., almost died during an outbreak of bacterial meningitis. Hereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s what her ordeal can tell us about the hidden dangers of the anti-vaccine movement.

Walter Scott’ss

PARADE DE

P Amber Riley

Q: The stars of Glee perform so much; do they still enjoy singing just for fun? —Liz Katz, Orlando A: The show’s grueling

ﬁlming schedule hasn’t kept Glee powerhouse Amber Riley, 26, from crooning off the clock. “I’m always singing randomly without the cameras rolling,” she says. Are you a reallife Gleek? PARADE is searching for America’s favorite high school show choir. To submit your nomination, go to Parade.com/choir.

Get Susan’s apple cake recipe at Parade.com /lucci

enjoying ﬁlming Last Resort in Hawaii?

—N. Wahl, Honolulu

A: The actor, 50, who

plays a nuclear missile submarine captain on the ABC series (Thursdays), has been taking full advantage of the show’s ﬁlming location

fge

Q: What happens to all WALTER SCOTT ASKS …

Susan Lucci The former Queen of Daytime hosts the series Deadly Affairs, which tells true-crime stories of love gone wrong (Investigation Discovery, Saturdays).

year for me to comprehend that it’s in the past, but I’ve made peace with it. Life goes on, and I’m moving on to the next thing, but I hope the soaps that are still running will thrive. They have millions of loyal viewers.

Q: Is Andre Braugher

says Joe King, 29 (above left). “We live the job.” King and his nine younger siblings run Freedom Farms, outside of Pittsburgh; their series airs on GAC (Thursdays). “It’s an industry that’s really tough right now, but we’re here to stay,” he says. “We want to inspire the next generation of farmers by proving that if you put hard work in, it can be lucrative.”

P Paula Deen

It’s been a year since All My Children went off the air. Do you miss playing Erica Kane? It really has taken a

P Andre Braugher

P Members of the King family

You and your husband, Helmut Huber, have been married for 43 years. What’s the secret to a successful celebrity relationship? We just do the best we can. I married

somebody who is very secure. He’s been in my corner from the time we met, and we grew in this together. What would people be surprised to know about you?

the food Paula Deen prepares on Paula’s Best Dishes? —Gloria Johnson,

Littleton, Colo.

A: The southern chef,

65, stands by the notion that a well-fed crew is a happy crew. “The food on the set ends up in their deserving bellies,” says a rep for the Food Network. “Any unprepared food left over after the shoot gets donated to a food bank or sent home with local crew.”

Erica may have burned down the kitchen the ﬁrst time she went in there, but I love to bake! My grandsons really love my apple cake, which is from my grandmother’s recipe.

Q: How does the King

Send your questions to Walter Scott at personality @parade.com or P.O. Box 5001, Grand Central Station, New York, N.Y. 10163-5001.

—Larry Tripp, DeKalb, Ill.

family, stars of the reality series Farm Kings, run a successful farm in today’s economy?

SUNDAY X

F∏EEBIE

ENTER FOR YOUR CHANCE TO WIN

two tickets to see Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons on Broadway at Parade.com /win

PHOTOS, CLOCKWISE PHOTOS, CLOCKWISE FROM FROM LEFT: LEFT: LEON LEON BENNETT/WIREIMAGE; MATT HOYLE; LOU ROCCO/ABC VIA GETTY IMAGES; ADAM NETWORKS; LARRY MARANO/GETTY IMAGES; FREDERICK M. BROWN/GETTY IMAGES ADAM MILLIRON/SCRIPPS MILLIRON/SCRIPPS NETWORKS;

on the island of Oahu. “My family has been hitting the tourist spots and enjoying the beach,” says the father of three. “We’re also going to a luau, and we’ve taken up ﬁshing. We haven’t been successful, but we’re having a great time!”

A: “We’re all very

passionate and driven,”

2 • October 7, 2012

CONNIE BRITTON

HAYDEN PANETTIERE

PREMIERES WEDNESDAY OCT 10 10|9c /NashvilleABC

@Nashville_ABC

/Nashville

Happy National Fluffernutter Day!

Parade

★ ★★

Th VP candidates The did t will ill face f off ff on Oct. 11 (9 p.m. ET). Here, a look at what makes them tick. JOE BIDEN

FIRST BIG BREAK

Became the sixth youngest senator at 30

Rode Amtrak from Delaware to D.C. (220 miles roundtrip) for 36 years

PAUL RYAN

Elected to Congress at the ripe old age of 28 PREFERRED COMMUTE

None at all: Ryan sleeps in his ofﬁce while he’s in Washington

HOBBY

Noodling (catching catﬁsh with his bare hands)

A car aﬁcionado, Biden owns a 1967 Corvette NICKNAME

Known to Secret Service agents as “Celtic”

TOOLS OF THE TABLE Where would we be without silverware, wooden spoons, mortars and pestles, graters, and pots? In Consider the Fork, graters fo food o writer Bee W Wilson celebrates the u unsung implements th that h have helped sshape our diets sh th through h the centuries. A After devouring th this h delightful mix o culinary science of a an and n history, you’ll n never take a whisk for g gr granted r again. ▼

Secret Service code name: “Bowhunter”

TRY IT!

Make a sandwich layering Marshmallow Fluff, peanut butter, and thin banana slices on brioche or pain de mie. (Challah also works, and even white bread will do.) Dust the entire thing with ﬂour, soak in 2 beaten eggs, and coat with ½ cup panko. Fry in vegetable oil until both sides are golden brown. Sprinkle salt on top—and dig in.

STEEL MAGNOLIAS A splendid cast (including, from left, Queen Latifah, Condola Rashad, Phylicia Rashad, Adepero Oduye, and Jill Scott) puts a contemporary, AfricanAmerican spin on a new movie version of this beloved story about friends, family, and beauty salon conﬁdences. (Lifetime, Oct. 7, 9 p.m. ET)

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★ ▼

This is the week to ... T C Check that your child’s school has put iin place the latest recommendation ffrom the National Athletic Trainers’ Association: a time-out before every A practice and competition to review p emergency protocols so that the medie ccal team can handle any on-field injury.

INTO THE FROZEN WILD

Siberian tigers had never been filmed in their natural habitat until cameraman Sooyong Park spent more than five years tracking the elusive (and endangered) predators through Russia’s far eastern forests. In the season premiere of Nature, Park guides conservationist Chris Morgan as he pursues his lifelong dream of seeing firsthand one of the world’s biggest cats in the wild. (PBS, Oct. 10, 8 p.m. ET)

PHOTOS, CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: SAUL LOEB/AFP/GETTY IMAGES; MARK WILSON/GETTY IMAGES; ANNETTE BROWN/AE NETWORKS; JAMES HAGER/GETTY IMAGES; MASTERFILE

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

★★ ★

★★ T H E V

ICE

ENTIAL DEBA

★★

ID RP ES

To help you celebrate Oct. 8, we asked Top Chef’s Antonia Lofaso, author of The Busy Mom’s Cookbook, to share the recipe for her L.A. restaurant’s best-selling deep-fried fluffernutter.

4 • October 7, 2012

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THE VACCINE CONTROVERSY

Truth and Consequences

Why so many parents are delaying or skipping vaccines— and what it means for the rest of us • BY SETH MNOOKIN COVER AND INSIDE PHOTOGRAPHS

by Richard Foulser •

ILLUSTRATIONS

When Brendalee Flint got a call at work on Monday, Jan. 21, 2008, telling her that her 15-month-old daughter, Julieanna, was running a fever, she took the news in stride. But just to be safe, the mom of four later called her pediatrician, who assured her there was probably nothing to worry about. “That night, I gave her some medicine and put her to bed,” she says. Travelers can bring diseases like measles into the U.S. from other parts of the world where they’re still prevalent.

The more unvaccinated kids or adults within a community, the easier it is for these diseases to spread.

by The Heads of State

But over the next couple of days, Julieanna’s condition worsened: She would go from hysterically crying to suddenly appearing limp, and she had powerful bouts of diarrhea. So on Thursday, Flint drove her daughter from their Minnesota home to a hospital about 20 miles away. At ﬁrst, doctors there suspected

People who are unable to get vaccinated or whose immune systems are compromised are left vulnerable and exposed.

Julieanna had the ﬂu, but by Friday, her pediatrician was sufficiently concerned that she scheduled more tests, including a CAT scan and a lumbar puncture, which showed that Julieanna had bacterial meningitis, a potentially deadly infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Flint was surprised by the diagnosis. “I’d never even thought of meningitis,” she says. “It didn’t seem like something I had to worry about.” After all, since the availability of an infant vaccine in 1987, Hib meningitis cases in small children had nearly disappeared (before then, nearly 15,000 kids under age 5 contracted Hib meningitis every year, and more than 600 of them died). Brendalee had been vigilant about Julieanna’s receiving all her shots, including the one for Hib. What had gone wrong? As it turns out, Julieanna’s case was a perfect storm of events that

Some pediatricians are even refusing to care for families who won’t vaccinate, to protect their other patients.

6 • October 7, 2012

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illustrate a potential new health crisis in America. That year, Julieanna was one of five young children in Minnesota who contracted Hib, the state’s first outbreak in more than 15 years, according to the CDC. The parents of three of the children had either skipped or delayed the Hib vaccine. The fourth was a 5-month-old too young to have been fully immunized; the ﬁfth was Julieanna, who, unbeknownst to her parents, has a rare immune deﬁciency that made the Hib vaccine ineffective in her. Her doctors didn’t immediately recognize the symptoms of the bacteria, perhaps because it had been so long since a case was reported in the area. Unfortunately, that’s starting to change. Over the past several years, the U.S. has seen outbreaks of not only Hib meningitis but also of other once prevalent childhood scourges like measles. A major cause, say experts, is the growing clusters of parents who are delaying or refusing standard vaccinations. But when parents choose not to vaccinate, they’re not simply putting their own kids at risk; they’re also unwittingly jeopardizing newborns, pregnant women, the elderly, and people like Julieanna with preexisting conditions. Those populations are increasingly vulnerable as diseases that we thought had been contained start to return, in larger numbers each year.

“There’s a lot of mistrust out there” From Edward Jenner’s realization that cowpox could protect human beings from smallpox in 1796 to the introduction in the U.S. of the polio vaccine in 1955 and the measles vaccine in 1963, immunizations have allowed us to nearly—and, in the case of smallpox, completely— eliminate diseases that once killed thousands or even millions of people.

Julieanna Metcalf (with mom Brendalee Flint) almost died during an outbreak of bacterial meningitis.

As recently as the 1950s and 1960s, it was not uncommon for kids to be born disabled or placed in iron lungs as a result of childhood infections. How did lifesaving vaccines—once greeted with relief and open arms— turn into something so feared? The current backlash dates to 1998, when British gastroenterologist Andrew Wakeﬁeld published a paper in the medical journal The Lancet hypothesizing a link between the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and autism. His research, based on interviews with the parents of just 12 children, was widely criticized as speculative, but the press—and parents—seized hold. A year later, a congressionally mandated inquiry highlighted the use of thimerosal, a mercury-based preservative, in some pediatric vaccines. There was no evidence it was harmful, but the Public Health Service and American

PROPORTION OF

parents who skip some vaccines or delay the age at which they’re given

Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), hoping to forestall parental anxiety, recommended its removal. (As a result, thimerosal has been absent from nearly all standard pediatric vaccines for a decade.) But the action backﬁred: A grassroots movement, led by about a dozen “mercury moms,” began promoting their belief that many cases of autism were misdiagnosed cases of mercury poisoning. Over the past decade, dozens of peer-reviewed studies that have collectively drawn on data from millions of children have consistently found no connection between vaccines and autism. In 2010 a multiyear investigation into Wakeﬁeld’s work prompted The Lancet to fully retract his paper, and the U.K.’s General Medical Council revoked his British medical license. Still, the damage was done, and rumors about vaccine safety have continued to spread, especially online, where anti-immunization sites

8 • October 7, 2012

argue that the shots can injure children. While one recent study showed that only about 2 percent of parents refuse all immunizations, more than 1 in 10 skip some vaccines or delay the age at which they’re given. Increasingly, these parents tend to be clustered together, creating communities where vaccination rates may have dropped below the levels needed to keep infectious diseases at bay. Some of the lowest rates occur in affluent, well-educated communities like Boulder, Colo., and Marin County, Calif., where parents are often focused on being environmentally conscious and paying close attention to every aspect of their children’s development. “Sometimes, when you’re surrounded by people who think the way you think, it’s easy to believe that you’re separated from the rest of the world,” says George Wohlreich, M.D., CEO of the College of

MYTHS ABOUT VACCINES

The purported link to autism isn’t the only misconception out there

SERIOUS DISEASES LIKE POLIO HAVE ALREADY BEEN ERADICATED, SO THERE’S NO NEED TO VACCINATE AGAINST THEM.

“While many diseases have been wiped out for the most part in this country, they haven’t been eradicated around the world,” says George Wohlreich, M.D., CEO of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. That means you could still be at risk if

Dempsey, M.D., a pediatrician and researcher at the University of Colorado at Denver. “That can make immunizations start to feel more optional.” But today many parents do know autistic children— making the perceived risks of vaccinating seem a lot more real than the diseases they prevent. “People who don’t vaccinate do think they’re doing the right thing for their children,” Dempsey says. “There’s a lot of mistrust because there’s a lot of misinformation out there.” When Genevieve Futrelle’s 7-month-old son was due for his ﬁrst round of vaccines, “I just had this emotional reaction,” says Futrelle, a ﬁrst-time mom in New York City. “I didn’t want him to get the [hepatitis B] shot. I was wary of how many shots kids get, and I just asked [the doctor], ‘Do we need to do this?’ ” Futrelle decided to delay that injection, though she later consented to other standard vaccines. “I just didn’t

PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION

that typically needs to be vaccinated to prevent a disease from spreading. This is called “herd immunity.” Physicians of Philadelphia. “If you never leave your house and no one ever comes to your house, you might be protected. But quite frankly, it’s impossible to live that way.” Ironically, it is the very success of

you go abroad or come into contact with an infected person from overseas. “This summer in Philadelphia we had a patient with cholera,” says Wohlreich. “He hopped on a plane and brought this disease with him, and it took some very senior physicians to ﬁgure out what it was, because no one had ever seen it before.”

VACCINES COMMONLY CAUSE HARMFUL SIDE EFFECTS.

Vaccines are actually incredibly safe, Wohlreich says. “It is somewhat common to have a mild fever. It is somewhat common to have soreness at the site of the injection (if there is an injection). It is very unusual to get any kind of severe reaction,” he says. In fact, serious adverse events are tracked by the CDC and FDA, and

vaccines that may have led some parents to skip their children’s shots. “Today’s parents didn’t grow up seeing their peers affected by these diseases, or living in fear of being diagnosed themselves,” says Amanda

the rate of occurrence is extremely small.

BABIES’ IMMUNE SYSTEMS CAN’T HANDLE THE NUMBER OF VACCINES GIVEN TODAY.

The CDC recommends that between birth and age 6 kids get vaccinated against 13 diseases, plus the flu (compared with five in the late 1950s, seven in the 1970s, nine in the mid1990s, and 11 in 2000). But children’s immune systems are taxed less today than they were decades ago. “Today’s vaccines are so targeted and refined that they contain much smaller amounts of antigens compared to when we gave fewer shots,” says Amanda Dempsey, M.D., a pediatrician and researcher at the University of Colorado at Denver.

DELAYING VACCINES IS SAFER THAN FOLLOWING THE STANDARD IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE.

Some parents worry that giving too many vaccines at once can lead to developmental problems. Recently, however, researchers at the University of Louisville compared kids who received their shots on time with kids whose parents spread them out; they found that those who followed delayed schedules fared the same or not as well on cognitive tests as those who followed the standard schedule. In addition, “by delaying vaccines, you’re giving potentially serious infections a window of opportunity to take hold,” says Wohlreich. “It’s like saying, ‘This seat belt is a little too tight; I’m only going to put it on halfway into my trip.’ ”

NATURAL IMMUNITY IS BETTER THAN IMMUNITY FROM VACCINES.

“Natural immunity may last longer than vaccine-derived immunity—that’s why we recommend booster shots for some vaccines—but that doesn’t take into account the risks of actually getting the disease,” Wohlreich says. “Parents who take the kids to a chicken pox party to purposefully expose them to the virus have obviously never seen a child hospitalized with, or even killed by, chicken pox encephalitis.” Plus, some diseases—like tetanus—don’t provide any natural immunity; the only way to protect yourself is to get vaccinated. —Jennifer Rainey Marquez For more information about vaccine myths, check out historyofvaccines.org

like the idea of all those chemicals going into his body. He’s so fragile.”

“It’s a matter of safeguarding the community” Experts say many parents may not realize that a vaccine’s ability to stave off the spread of deadly diseases is most effective only when the vast majority are inoculated. This mechanism is called herd immunity: When enough people in a population are vaccinated against a disease— typically 85 to 95 percent—those unable to get vaccinated or whose immune systems are compromised are also protected. While parents who skip vaccines may beneﬁt from herd immunity, they are also putting it in jeopardy. “Getting vaccinated isn’t only a matter of safeguarding yourself or your kids; it’s a matter of safeguarding the community,” says Anne Schuchat, M.D., director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the CDC. “Right now, as a country, we are so well protected compared to the rest of the world. But that can change.” In France, she notes, the annual number of measles cases jumped from 40 or 50 to 15,000 in just a couple of years. “Enough unvaccinated people had accumulated,

SHOULD UNVACCINATED CHILDREN BE PERMITTED IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS? Weigh in by taking our poll with at

Parade.com/vaccines

and suddenly the number exploded without a lot of warning,” Schuchat says. “We don’t want that to happen here. In 2011 we went from an average of 60 cases of measles a year to more than 200. The virus can come in from someone who has visited another country, and it’s usually nipped in the bud, but only if everyone around that first patient is protected by vaccination.” One place where herd immunity can quickly be compromised is schools. Currently, at least 19 states allow parents to opt out of childhood inoculations for “philosophical” reasons (nearly every state allows a religious exemption, and all allow

medical exemptions), and more and more families are doing so. In 2010 the San Diego Union-Tribune reported that the number of area parents who exempted their kindergartners from vaccines had quadrupled since 1990. In 2010, California schools experienced the highest rate of vaccine noncompliance in more than 30 years. In April 2011, a small private school in Floyd County, Va., temporarily closed after 23 of its 45 students were infected with pertussis (whooping cough). “The outbreak was in an area where a lot of people weren’t vaccinating,” says Molly O’Dell, M.D., director of the area health district. Multiple states have faced pertussis outbreaks this year, and reported cases are at their highest level in half a century. This is in part due to waning immunity in older children or adults who have not received boosters. In Washington State, a fullblown epidemic has already infected more than 4,000 people. (The state also has one of the highest vaccine exemption rates in the U.S., though new legislation aims to make it more difﬁcult for parents to opt out.) Fortunately, no deaths have been reported so far in Washington—but in 2010 the disease killed 10 infants in California, all under 3 months old, too

infected with pertussis (whooping cough) so far this year in Washington State, where a full-blown epidemic of the disease is under way APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF PEOPLE

young to be fully vaccinated. “Particularly with pertussis, the most vulnerable can’t get immunized because they’re under 1 month of age,” says Schuchat. “Sometimes our most effective strategy is vaccinating around a person. For example, the elderly are very susceptible to inﬂuenza, and that’s one reason we want people who work in hospitals and nursing homes to get the ﬂu shot. Or in the case of measles, somebody brings the virus into the doctor’s office and babies in the waiting room can become innocent victims.”

“Our agenda is to protect kids” “I try to stress to my patients that you can’t predict when [vaccinepreventable diseases] are going to show up—and you can’t protect your child any other way,” says Ari Brown, M.D., an Austin, Tex., pediatrician and coauthor of the Baby 411 parenting book series. Brown, also a spokesperson for the AAP, says she’s heard all sorts of rumors about vaccines, including that doctors get paid for each vaccine they administer. “Pediatricians have no hidden agenda; our agenda is to protect kids,” she says. “We’ve been there with incredibly sick children, and when you see that, you want to do everything you can to stop it.” For an increasing number of pediatricians, that includes refusing patients whose parents won’t adhere to the CDC’s immunization schedule. A 2011 study found that 30 percent of Connecticut pediatricians had asked vaccine-refusing families to seek care elsewhere, as had 20 percent of Midwestern doctors in a recent survey (up from around 6 percent in 2001). “The biggest concern is that an unvaccinated child could expose other patients, especially newborns, to potentially deadly continued on page 19

10 • October 7, 2012

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4A92

We spoke with Dr. Margaret Cuomo, author of the new book A World Without Cancer, about how better prevention can help us beat the disease You’ve got an insider’s perspective on government [Cuomo is the sister of New York governor Andrew Cuomo], and in your book, you propose the creation of a new national institute dedicated to cancer prevention. Why? Today there are nearly a dozen federal institutions

dedicated to cancer research, but that research is fragmented, and it’s often duplicated among different departments or agencies. In addition, most of the federal budget for research goes toward developing new treatments; there is only a sliver of the pie dedicated to cancer prevention. The National Cancer Prevention

Institute would focus exclusively on prevention, and I suggest that we divide our researchers into teams dedicated to the study of individual cancer types, with h a deadline for each one.

You also note that 50 per-cent of all cancers are preventable, yet getting people to change their lifestyles is difficult. How w can we go about it better? ? We need to emphasize the cancer risks associated with h obesity, with a sedentary lifestyle, with exposure to chemicals like BPA [a com-pound used in plastics]. We e need to tell parents, “If you don’t encourage exercise, you’re putting your children n at greater risk for cancer.” Parents put sunscreen on their kids and they don’t smoke around them, but they don’t demand exercise e in schools because they don’t realize that it’s equallyy important.

BY THE NUMBERS

What else can people do to help reduce their risk? ?

▲ Regular exercise may signiﬁcantly reduce cancer risk.

Keep a record of all medical al tests, particularly those requiring radiation like CAT T scans, nuclear medicine tests, or X-rays. Studies have shown that people who’ve undergone a lot of these tests are at higher risk for cancer later in life. Parents and patients need to be encouraged to ask, “Is this necessary?”

PERCENT

PROPORTION OF SORE THROAT PATIENTS WHO RECEIVE ANTIBIOTICS, THOUGH ONLY 20 PERCENT ACTUALLY HAVE BACTERIA-CAUSED STREP THROAT. NEW GUIDELINES ADVISE THAT DOCTORS TEST TO CONFIRM STREP BEFORE THEY PRESCRIBE ANTIBIOTICS.

Source: Infectious Diseases Society of America

SMART MOVE OF THE WEEK

Turn down the burn. Esophageal cancer cases rose sixfold between 1975 and 2001, but managing acid reflux can help reduce your risk. Chronic reflux can lead to a condition called Barrett’s esophagus, and those diagnosed with this syndrome are more likely to develop esophageal cancer. Ask your doctor about lifestyle and dietary changes (like cutting down on spicy foods) that may help reduce reflux and heartburn.

PHOTOS, CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: MEL YATES/GETTY IMAGES; RICHARD MARCHISOTTO/SHERWOOD-TRIART PHOTOGRAPHY; MICAEL CARLSSON/GETTY IMAGES

Stopping Cancer Before It Starts

WE NEED TO TELL PARENTS, ‘IF YOU DON’T ENCOURAGE EXERCISE, YOU’RE PUTTING YOUR CHILDREN AT GREATER RISK FOR CANCER.’ ”

BY THE NUMBERS

Healthy 70 Stay

12 • October 7, 2012

THEY CAN’T PROTECT THEMSELVES View the entire collection at oceanarmor.org

Happy & Healthy

Ask Marilyn By Marilyn vos Savant

What do the numbers in 20/20 vision stand for?

Natural, Safe, And Smart Relief For Minor Asthma Symptoms Most asthma medications can cause negative side effects. Safecare introduces AsthmaCare, a homeopathic oral spray offering temporary relief with no racing or pounding heart, no jitters, and no irritability. AsthmaCare is now available in CVS, Walgreens, and other select drugstores and supermarkets. www.safe-care.com

—Zina Yost Ingle, Vineland, N.J.

The Snellen fraction, named for the ophthalmologist who devised it, signiﬁes one’s visual acuity at 20 feet (the top number) compared to standard vision (the bottom number). The standard, chosen by Snellen, refers to ordinary vision; it doesn’t mean perfect or even average vision. If you’re 20 feet from an eye chart and you see what eyes normally see at 20 feet, your vision is 20/20. (Each eye is measured separately and has its own fraction.) If you see what people typically must stand 15 feet away to see, your vision is 20/15. And if you must stand 20 feet away to see what ordinary eyes see at 30 feet, your vision is 20/30. The larger the fraction, the sharper the vision. ®

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October 7, 2012 • 15

Kennections By Ken Jennings HOW TO PLAY

All five correct answers have something in common. Can you figure out what it is?

O N LY YO U

C A N

P R E V E N T W I L D F I R E S .

1. Novelists named Swift and Franzen share what first name, taken from David’s best friend in the Bible?

✎ 2. What active volcano is the highest point on the island of Honshu?

✎ 9 out of 10 wildfires are caused by humans. 9 out of 10 wildfires can be prevented.

3. What’s the last name of the Hollywood family whose members have starred on TV’s 30 Rock, Dirty Sexy Money, The Young Riders, and Homicide?

✎ 4. What gin-and-egg-white cocktail gets its distinctive color from a few dashes of grenadine?

✎ 5. In what city was Julius Caesar assassinated in 44 B.C.?

✎ WHAT’S THE “KENNECTION” BETWEEN ALL FIVE ANSWERS?

✎ WIN!

Score a signed copy of Maphead by Ken Jennings at Parade.com /maphead. Submit a puzzle, and if it’s Ken’s weekly favorite, you’ll win a book! ANSWERS: 1. JONATHAN; 2. FUJI; 3. BALDWIN; 4. PINK LADY; 5. ROME ALL ARE APPLE VARIETIES

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PHOTO: ANDY REYNOLDS

16 • October 7, 2012

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Basic Breakfast astt as Mufﬁns

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Makes 1 dozen 2 cups ﬂour 1 Tbsp baking powder wder ¼ cup sugar ¾ tsp salt 2 eggs 1 cup milk ½ cup canola oil ract 1½ tsp vanilla extract

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o 400°F. 1. Preheat oven to ffin n Coat a 12-cup muffi pan with cooking spray h or line muffin cupss with paper liners. wl, wl 2. In a medium bowl, king combine flour, baking d salt. powder, sugar, and at In a large bowl, beat d eggs, milk, oil, and e on vanilla for 1 minute medium. Add flourr mixture. Beat just until no i streaks of flour remain— do not overmix! 3. Spoon batter into muffin cups. Bake for 18 to 20 minutes or until tops of muffins spring back when pressed lightly. Transfer muffins to a rack to cool slightly.

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18 • October 7, 2012

Vaccines | from page 10

diseases,” says Raymond Cattaneo, M.D., whose Kansas City, Mo., practice decided in 2008 to turn away families who wanted to skip or delay some immunizations. Another issue was “what felt like the contradiction of our supporting vaccines and saying we believed the science showing immunizations are safe and then letting parents make decisions based on fear,” he says. the days after brendalee flint learned her daughter had meningitis were harrowing. Julieanna had to be transferred to another hospital, suffered a series of increasingly violent seizures, and had to have brain surgery to remove part of the infection. Eventually, she lost her motor skills—including the ability to chew. On Feb. 15, 2008, almost a month after Julieanna ﬁrst got sick,

ARE YOU UP TO DATE? Why kids aren’t the only ones who need vaccines

Each year thousands of Americans die from vaccine-preventable diseases, and many more are hospitalized. We asked Anne Schuchat, M.D., director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the CDC, about some of the most important immunizations and boosters for adults. For the full schedule, go to Parade.com /vaccines. PREGNANT WOMEN

Before you conceive, make sure you’re vaccinated for hepatitis B and German measles (rubella), both of which can be passed from a mother to her child in utero. You should also get shots for whooping cough and inﬂuenza, which can pose serious risks during pregnancy and after you give birth.

Brendalee was finally able to bring her daughter home. Over time, with lots of physical therapy, Julieanna began to recuperate. Today, she’s a precocious 5-year-old who’s not shy about telling her parents what she wants. “She’s had an amazing recovery,” Flint says. Flint knows that in many ways, she’s lucky. The same year that Julieanna was infected with Hib, another child whose parents had chosen not to vaccinate died of the disease. “Anytime I hear about kids getting sick with stuff that is preventable, it frustrates me, knowing that that’s putting other people at risk,” Flint says. “I still cry about it. It’s something I will never get over.”

Bring home America’s favorite lasagna. Thanks to you buying over 30 million of our lasagnas in 2011.

Seth Mnookin is the author of The Panic Virus: The True Story Behind the Vaccine-Autism Controversy.

HEALTHY ADULTS

Ask your doctor about Tdap (the adult booster for tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis), which only 8 percent of adults have received. The U.S. is experiencing a huge wave of whooping cough, which can be miserable for you and life-threatening to a baby. OLDER ADULTS

Sixty-ﬁve or over? You should get shots for pneumonia, and those over 60 should be immunized for shingles—an incredibly painful and common disease against which very few eligible people have been vaccinated.

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Keep in mind that you may need protection even if you’re traveling to a nonexotic locale like Europe, which has seen a huge outbreak of measles in the past couple of years. Your doctor can make speciﬁc recommendations based on your destination. —Jennifer Rainey Marquez

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*Wells Fargo may, at its own discretion, limit the number of unique codes and/or cancel the free credit score and complimentary credit report promotion at any time. Your credit report will look like what a lender would see if the lender obtained your credit report at the same time. Your version is formatted to be more easily understood. Your credit score could vary by lender depending on the type of scoring used. The credit score you receive in this promotion probably will not be the same as the score obtained by a lender and is for educational purposes only. ÂŠ 2012 Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. NMLSR ID 399801 ÂŠ PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.