இலங்கை மீதான இந்திய ஆக்கிரமிப்பு by tholar balan

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,th;fs; kl;Lkd;wp rpy Gul;fu mikg;GfSk; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G mghak; Fwpj;J Rl;bf;fhl;bapUe;jd. mjpy; Fwpg;ghf jkpo;kf;fs; ghJfhg;G Nguit ,af;fKk; <oj; jkpoh;fSf;F ,e;jpahthdJ ek;gpf;if el;rj;jpuk; my;y khwhf xU vjpup vd;W $wpaJ. mt;; mikg;igr; Nrh;e;j Njhoh; neg;nghypad; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf ,e;jpa Gul;fu rf;jpfSld; [f;fpak; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. ,jdhy; ,e;jpa csTg;gilahdJ jdJ iff;$yp ,af;fkhd <Nuh]; mikg;G %yk; Njhoh; neg;Nghypaid 1986y; kiyafj;jpy; itj;J gLnfhiy nra;jJ. ele;J Kbe;j ePz;l Nghupy; jkpoh;fs; epiwa ,oe;Js;shh;fs;. Nghupy; ntd;wjhf jk;gl;lk; mbf;Fk; ,yq;if muRk; $l vijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. Mdhy; ,e;j Nghupy; mjpf gad; mile;jJ ,e;jpah kl;LNk. ,yq;;ifapy; epytpa ,d Kuz; ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp KO ,yq;if iaAk; ,e;jpah Mf;fpukpj;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahtpd; 30tJ (mwptpf;fg; glhj) khepykhf ,yq;if khw;wg; gl;Ls;sJ. jw;NghJ ,yq;if KOtJk; ,e;jpah nghUshjhu Njhou; neg;Nghypad; vd Mjpf;fj;ij nrYj;jp tUfpwJ. miof;fg;gl;l ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapd; ,iwikf;F kNdhfud; Mgj;J Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; ,aw;if tsq;fis gfw; nfhs;is mbg;gjpYk;> jdJ cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd tpahghur; re;ijia ,yq;ifapy; mikg;gjpYk; ,e;jpah KO %r;rhf <Lgl;L tUfpwJ.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

,e;jpahtpd; gyte;jkhd Mf;fpukpg;gpd; Kd;dhy; ,yq;if Ml;rpahsh;fs; kz;bapLfpd;wdh;. jkJ mjpfhuj;ij jf;f itj;Jf;nfhs;s khdq;nfl;l nraypy; <LgLk; jiytu; fshy; ,yq;ifapd; ,iwikf;F Mgj;J Vw;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;ig czh;tNjhL mjpy; ,Ue;J vg;gb tpLjiy ngWtJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J jkpo; rpq;fs kf;fs; mid tUk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba epiyapy; cs;sdh;. ,e;jpahtpd; jiyaPl;bd; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy; jpiukiwtpy; eilngWk; gy tplaq;fs; gw;wp ehl;L kf;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhUf;F njupahJ. ,yq;if muR ,e;jpa muRld; nra;Ak; xg;ge;jq;fspd; tpguq;fs; Fwpj;J ,yq;if kf;fSf;F KOtpguKk; njuptpf;fg; gLtjpy;iy. gj;jpupiffSf;F kl;Lky;y gy ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSf;Nf ,J Fwpj;j tpguq;fs; mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kba tpy;iy. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;fk; vd;gJ ntWk; fw;gid vd vz;ZNthUk; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. NkYk; jkpofj;jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ cwtpdh;fs; rpyh; ,yq;ifapy; KjyPL nra;aTk; jkJ tpahghuq;fis ngUf;fpf;nfhs;sTk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; ,e;j ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gf; Fwpj;j nra;jpfs; ntsptuhky; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

,yq;if murpaypy; ,e;jpahtpd; jiyaPL ,e;jpa muR jkJ mz;il ehLfis mr;RWj;JtJk; jq;fs; typikia mq;ffP upf;Fk;gb me;ehLfis eph;g;ge;jpg;gJk; mJ nts;isf;fhudpd; fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj njhlq;fp tpl;lJ. 1947 khh;r;rpy; Mrpa cwTfs; khehl;by; NeU NgRk;NghJ “vq;fs; mz;il ehLfs; vjw;nfLj;jhYk; [Nuhg;ghitj; jhd; Nehf;Ffpd;wd. fle;j fhyj;jpy; jq;fSf;F midj;ijAk; je;j ez;gh;fis (,e;jpahit) mitfs; kwe;J tpLfpd;wd" vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. murpay; mjpfhuj;ij ifapy; ngw;w gpd; ,e;jpa Ml;rpahsh;fspd; ,e;j ‘ngupaz;zhj;ijf; Fzk;’ jiyKiw jiyKiwahf tsh;e;J tUfpd;wJ. Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; 1954y; ,e;jpah Mrpahtpy; gpugykhapUe;j murpay; jiyth;fSld; xU cld;ghl;bw;F te;jJ. mg;Nghija rPdg; gpujkh; #vd;yha; ghz;Lq; khehl;bw;F gpNuuiz xd;iwf; nfhz;L te;jhh;. mjw;Nfw;g 1954y; gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;if epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. tpj;jpahrkhd r%f Kiwfs; epytpa ehLfspy; tpNrlkhf Mrpa ehLfSf; fpilNaahd rftho;T> mikjp kw;Wk; el;Gwit fl;bnaOg;Gk; Nehf;fj;JlNdNa mjid mth; jahupj;jpUe;jhh;. xt;nthU ehLk; Vida ehLfis Mf;fpukpg;gjpypUe;J jtph;f;Fk; nfhs;ifapy; epiyj;jpUg;gjw;fhf Mrpahtpd; khehnlhd;Wf;F ,t;thwhd xU gpNuuiziaf; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;ba Njit me;j ehLfspd; jiyth;fSf;F ,Ue;jJ. rPdg; gpujkh; #vd;yha;> ,e;jpag; gpujkh; NeU> gh;khtpd; gpujkh; CD> ,e;NjhNdrpag; gpujkh; Rfh;Ndh Nghd;w Mrpahtpd; cah;kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j> me;je;j ehLfspd; Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpa> Rje;jpuk; ngw;w gpujkh;fshf ,Ue;j me;j jiyth;fspdhy;jhd; ghz;Lq; khehL $l;lg; gl;lJ.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

rPdg; gpujkh; #vd;yha; mth;fspdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l gpNuuiz #vd;yha;> NeU> CD MfpatupdJ gpNuuizahf ghz;Lq; khehl;by; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. me;j gpNuuizia RUf;fkhf $Wtjhf ,Ue;jhy; kw;w ehLfis Mf;fpukpf;fh jpUj;jy;> kw;w ehLfspd; cs; tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhjpUj;jy;> mikjpahd Rftho;Tf;fhf gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;ifia mKy; gLj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhFk;;.

gu;kh gpujku; CD> ,e;jpag; gpujku; NeU> ghfp];jhd; gpuku; myp> ,yq;ifg; gpujku; N[hd; nfhj;jyhnty

md;W ,yq;ifg; gpujkhf ,Ue;j Nrh; N[hd; nfhj;jyhnty mth;fSk; mk; khehl;by; fye;J nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,yq;ifapd; gpujkh; vd;w Kiwapy; nfhj;jyhnty khehl;by; ciu ahw;wp tpl;L ,e;jpa gpujkh; NeUTf;F gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j jdJ ,Uf;ifapy; nrd;W mkh;e;jhh;. mg;NghJ "ePq;fs; me;j ciuia NgRtjw;F Kd; Vd; vd;dplk; fhl;ltpy;iy?" vd;W NeU nfhj;jyhntytplk; Nfl;lhh;. ,t;thW Nfl;ljd; %yk; gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;ifia epiwNtw;wpa kz;lgj;jpNyNa ,e;jpah mjid kPwp tpl;lJ.

,e;jpahTf;F mUfpy; rpf;fpk; vd;nwhU ehL ,Ue;jJ. ,kakiyapy; Neghsj;jpw;F mUfpy; ,Ue;jJ. 1950y; rpf;fpk; ehl;bd; kPJ Nkyhjpf;f xg;ge;jj;ij jpzpj;jhh; NeU. [dehafg; gw;Ws;s ,e;jpah;fshNyNa fLikahf tpkh;rpf;fg;gl;l mt; xg;ge;jg;gb rpf;fpk; ,e;jpa ehl;bd; gpd;jskhf ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. gpd; rpf;fpk; ,e;jpahtpd; khepykhf gyhj;fhukhf ,izf;fg;gl;lJ. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

1949,y; G+l;lhd; ehl;bd; kPJ xU xg;ge;jj;ij jpzpj;jhh; NeU. ,e;jpahtpd; mDkjpAld; jhd; G+l;lhd; jdJ ntsp ehl;Lf; nfhs;ifia jPh;khdpf;f KbAk; vd tiuaWf;fpwJ mt; xg;ge;jk;. jdJ je;ijapd; topapNy ele;j ,e;jpuhfhe;jp 1972y; gq;fhsNjRf;F gilfis mDg;gp ghfp];jhid Jz;lhbdhh;. ghfp];jhd; kPJk; rPdh kPJk; nfLgpb Nghh;fs; njhLg;gJk;> "re;jpf;f jahh;" vd rthy; kpul;ly;fs; tpLtJk; ,e;jpa Ml;rpahsh;fspd; ,ilawhj gzpfspy; xd;W MFk;. njw;fhrpa gFjp KOtjw;FNk Nfe;jpu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ vd;W kTz;l;Ngl;ld; gpuGtpdhy; fUjg;gl;l ,yq;if kPJ mtuJ ,e;jpa thupRfs; mf;fiw nfhz;bUe;jJ ,ay;ghdNj. ,yq;ifapd; ,dg;gpur;rid Kw;wp ntbj;jNghJ mjid jkf;F rhjfkhf gad;gLj;jp ,yq;ifia jkJ Mjpf;fj;jpd;fPo; nfhz;Ltuj; jpl;lkpl;ldh; ,e;jpa Ml;rpahsh;fs;. NeU> ,e;jpuhtpd; thuprhd ,uh[Pt; fhe;jp Ml;rpf;F te;jJk; ,yq;if Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fhd jpl;lq;fs; njspthf tiuaWf;fg;gl;L tpiue;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. jkpo; NghuhspfSf;F gz cjtp> MAj cjtp nfhLj;J tsh;j;jJ> n[ath;j;jdh muir kpul;b gzpa itj;jJ> Mf;fpukpg;G gilia ,yq;iff;Fs; Eiof;f mDkjp vLj;Jf; nfhz;lJ> jdJ csTg;gil "uh" %yk; NghuhspfSf;fpilapy; rz;ilia cUthf;fpaJ> jq;fs; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F gzpa kWj;j Nghuhspfs; kPJk; kf;fs; kPJk; Nghh; njhLj;jJ> ,itaidj;Jk; jpl;lkpl;l Mjpf;f tp];jupg;Gthj Kaw;rpfspd; gFjpfNs. ,yq;if jiyth;fspy; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r mth;fis rPd ehl;bw;F rhh;ghdth; vd;Wk; mth; ,e;jpahTf;F vjpuhd epiyg;ghL nfhz;lth; vd;Wk; rpyh; rpj;jupf;f Kidfpwhh;fs;. ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;ig kiwf;f KidNthNu ,g;gb rPd G+r;rhz;biaf; fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

Mdhy; mth;fs; vt;tsTjhd; jiyfPohf epd;whYk; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;rtpd; fhyj;jpy;jhd; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G mjpfk; ele;jJ vd;w cz;ikia xUNghJk; kiwj;Jtpl KbahJ. nghJthf xU ehl;bd; mur jiyth; xUth; ntspehl;L JhJth;fis re;jpf;fr; nry;tjpy;iy. khwhf JhJth;fs; jhd; [dhjpgjpia re;jpf;fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. ,Jjhd; eilKiw. Mdhy; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r [dhjpgjpahd clNdNa ,e;jpa JhJtiu mtuJ ,y;yj;jpy; nrd;W re;jpj;jhh;. gjtpNaw;wTld; JhJth; xUtupd; ,y;yj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w KjyhtJ ,yq;if [dhjpgjp kfpe;j ,uh[gf;rNt. ,t;thW Muk;gk; Kjy; jdJ gjtpf;fhyk; KOtJk; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r mth;fs; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;gpw;F ngupJk; cjtpa [dhjpgjpahfNt ,Ue;Js;shh;.

,e;jpa Kd;dhs; gpujku; kd;Nkhfd; rpq;> ,e;jpag; gpujku; NkhbAld; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhu uPjpapyhd jiyaPL njd;fpof;fhrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ,e;jpah xU gyk; tha;e;j ehL. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s KjyhspfSk; mth;fsJ tu;f;fj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; murhq;fKk;> mjd; mjpfhu th;f;fKk;> ,e;jpah nghUshjhuuPjpapYk;> murpay;uPjpapYk; gyk; tha;e;j ehlhf ,Ug;gijNa tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. ,d;Dk; nrhd;dhy; ,e;jpah xU ty;yurhf Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,th;fs; fdthf cs;sJ. ,th;fsJ ,e;jf; fdit edthf;f ,th;fsJ cw;gj;jpf;fhd ghupa th;j;jf re;ijnahd;W ,th;fSf;F Njitg;gLfpwJ. vdNt jhd; ,e;jpah jd;idr; #oTs;s ghfp];jhd;> gq;fshNj];> ,yq;if> Neghsk;> G+l;lhd;> khiyjPT Nghd;w ehLfs; kPJ Mjpf;f uPjpapyhd mOj;jq;fisf; nfhLj;J me;j ehLfspd; Clhf jdf;Fj; Njitahd fr;rhg; nghUl;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; th;j;jf re;ijia Njbf; nfhs;sTk; Kaw;rp nra;fpwJ. ,jd; %yk; jdJ may;ehLfspy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;j ,e;jpah KidfpwJ. njd;fpof;fhrpahtpy; xU Ngl;il uTbahf ,e;jpah jd;id epiy epWj;j Kay;fpwJ. ,e;jpahtpd; ngupa re;ijia kdjpy; nfhz;L ngupa uTbfshd mnkupf;fh> gpupl;ld;> gpuhd;]; Nghd;w ty;yuR ehLfSk; ,jid mDkjpf;fpd;wd.

gyhyp epiya tp];jupg;G 2002Mk; Mz;L ,yq;if ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsuhf ,Ue;jth; jpU. x];bd; ngh;zhe;J. mth; "My Belt is White" vd;w Ehiy vOjpAs;shh;. mjpy; mth; gyhyp tpkhd epiyaj;ijr; nrg;gdpl ,e;jpah Kd;itj;j epge;jidfisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. gyhyp tpkhd epiyak; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;sJ.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

vdNt jkpo; kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf ,e;jpah ,e;j cjtpiar; nra;a Kd;tUfpwJ vd;Nw gyUk; fUjf; $Lk;. Mdhy; ,e;j jpl;lj;jpw;F ,e;jpah Kd;itj;j epge;jidfs; xd;W$l jkpo; kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;lit my;y. ,e;jpah jdJ eyDf;fhfNt vijAk; nra;fpwJ vd;gij mg;gl;lkhf mit fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;jpah tpjpj;j KjyhtJ epge;jid NtW ehl;L tpkhdq;fSf;F gyhypapy; mDkjp mspf;ff; $lhJ vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j epge;jid 'vd;whtJ xU ehs; gyhyp tpkhd epiyak; ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyakhf khWk;” vd;w jkpo; kf;fspd; fdtpy; kz;iz ms;spg; Nghl;lJ. ,uz;lhtJ epge;jid ,e;jpah Nfl;Fk; Neuq;fspy; ,e;jpahtplk; tpkhd epiyak; xg;gilf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. gyhyp tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jp vd;w Nghu;itapy; tpkhd epiyaj;ij mz;kpj;j gFjp kf;fspd; fhzpfis epue;jukhf Mf;fpukpf;Fk; Vw;ghLfs; KOtPr;rpy; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. ,jdhy; typ tlf;fpy; ,Ue;J ,lk;ngau;e;J 25 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf mfjp Kfhk;fspYk; cwtpdu;> ez;gu; tPLfspYk; tho;e;J tUk; Rkhu; 1>500 FLk;gq;fisr; Nru;e;j kf;fs; epue;jukhf jkJ epyq;fis ,of;Fk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. gyhyp tpkhd epiyaj;Jf;fhf 1984k; Mz;L 665 Vf;fu; epyg; gug;G RtPfupf;fg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ gyhyp tpkhd epiyak; 996 Vf;fu; epyg;gug;igg; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; mgptpUj;jp vd;w Nghu;itapy; kf;fs; tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf NkYk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhf Vf;fu; epyq;fs; gwpNghfTs;sd. 246 kapypl;b tlf;F> 253 gyhyp Nkw;F> 256 gyhyp tlNkw;F Mfpa %d;W fpuhkNrtfu; gpupTfspd; fPo; cs;s epyg;gug;Gf;fis tpkhd epiya tp];jupg;Gf;fhf RtPfupf;f eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;L tUtjhf mjpfhupfs; njuptpf; fpd;wdu;. ,e;jg; gFjpfspy; kPs;FbNaw tpUg;gk; njuptpj;J 1>500 FLk;gq;fs; gjpTfis Nkw;nfhz;L fhj;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

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,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

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,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

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fhq;Nfrd;Jiw JiwKfKk; rPnke;J njhopw;rhiyAk; aho;Flhehl;by; cs;s fhq;Nfre;Jiw rPnke;J njhopw;rhiyAk; mjd; mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; ghupa Rz;zhk;Gg; ghiwfSk; ,e;jpahtpd; gph;yh fk;gdpf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Rz;zhk;Gg; ghiwfis mfo;e;J vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F trjpahf fhq;Nfre;;Jiw JiwKfj;ij ,e;jpah Gduikg;G nra;aTs;sJ. ,e;jpahTf;F ,j; JiwKfj;ij toq;Ftjd; %yk; gy jkpo; ,isQh;fSf;F Ntiytha;g;G fpilf;Fk; vd ,e;jpahtpd; iff;$ypfshd khit NrdhjpuhrhTk; Rke;jpuDk; $wp tUfpd;wdh;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; ,J fhq;Nfrd;Jiw njhopw;rhiyapy; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; rPnke;ijAk; mjd; mUfpy; Njhz;bnaLf;fg;gLk; KUif fw;fisAk; fg;gy; %yk; ,e;jpah nfhz;L nry;tjw;F trjpahfNt ,j; Jiw Kfj;ij ,e;jpah Gduikg;G nra;aTs;sJ. rPnke;J njhopw;rhiyf;fhf KUiff;fw;fis Njhz;b vLg;gjhy; fly; mupg;G Vw;gLtjhfTk; ,jdhy; KO aho;g;ghzj; jpw;Fk; Mgj;J Vw;gLk; vd;Wk; md;iwa jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzp jiyth;fs; ,yq;if muRf;F vjph;g;G njuptpj;jhh;fs;. mth;fs; fhq;Nfre;Jiw rPnke;J njhopw;rhiyia %Lk;gb Nfhupdhh;fs;. mJ cz;ikjhd;. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

mjdhy;jhd; gy Nghuhl;l mikg;Gfs; gy jlit fhq;Nfre;Jiw rPnke;J njhopw;rhiyapd; kPJ jhf;Fjy;fs; elj;jp mjid ,aq;fhky; nra;jd. Nghuhspfspd; jhf;Fjy; fspdhy; mJ %lg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,d;W ,e;jpa fk;gdpf;F me;j rPnke;Jj; njhopw;rhiy toq;fg;gl;L mjd;%yk; kPz;Lk; aho;Flhehl;bw;F Mgj;J Njhd;wpAs;s Ntisapy; mNj jkpo; jiyth;fs; ve;j vjph;g;Gk; njuptpf;fhky; ,e;jpahTf;F MjuT njuptpg;gJ jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk; me;j kf;fs; thOk; kz;Zf;Fk; mth;fs; nra;Ak; kpfg;ngupa JNuhfk; MFk;.

jpff; k; tbrhiy aho;g;ghzk;> tlkuhl;rp> jpf;fk; tbrhiyiaAk; ,e;jpa jdpahu;j;Jiw epWtdnkhd;Wf;F tpw;gjw;F jkpouRf;fl;rp jiyth; khit Nrdhjpuh[h mth;fs; ,ufrpakhd Kiwapy; epjp mikr;rUld; Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elj;jpAs;sjhf nra;jpfs; tUfpd;wd. ,e;j tbrhiy tpw;fg;gl;lhy;> tlkuhl;rp rPty; njhopyhsu;fs; ngupJk; ghjpg;giltu;. ,tu;fsJ cw;gj;jpfisg; Gwf;fzpj;Jtpl;L> ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J nraw;if %yg; nghUl;fis jUtpj;J rhuha cw;gj;jpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl mjpf tha;g;Gfs; ,Ug;gjhy;> cs;Shu; fs;is ,e;jpa epWtdk; epuhfupf;Fk;. ,e;jpa eydpy; mf;fiwnfhz;l khit Nrdhjpuhrh jpf;fk; tbrhiyia tpw;gjhy; jkpo; rPty; njhopyhspfNs ngUk; ghjpg;ig milaf;$Lk;. vdNt ,jid jLg;gjw;F jkpo; kf;fs; midtUk; Kd;tUtJ mtrpakhFk;.

Gifapujg; ghij mikf;Fk; gzp tlf;fpy; kl;Lky;y njw;fpYk;$l fhypapy; ,Ue;J khj;jiw tiuapyhd Gifapujg;ghij mikf;Fk; gzp ,e;jpahtplNk toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nlz;lh; NfhuhkNy ,e;jg; gzp ,e;jpahtplk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

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,e;jpa kUj;Jtkidfs;

mg;gNyh kUj;Jtkid Nghd;w ,e;jpa ngU kUj;Jt kidfSk; ,yq;ifapy; jkJ fpisfis mikj;Js;sd. ,e;j kUj;Jtkidfs; mjpf gzj;ij t#ypg;gJld; rl;l tpNuhj NkhrbfspYk; <LgLfpd;wd. ,e;j kUj;Jtkidfspy; eilngw;w rpWePuf Nkhrb fhuzkhf vl;L ,e;jpah;fs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L mth;fs; kPJ tof;Ffs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. me;j vl;L ,e;jpah;fSk; kpuPfdhtpy; mike;Js;s ntspehl;lth; jLg;G Kfhkpy; milj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jdh;. Mdhy; mjpy; ,Ue;J KjyhtJ re;Njfegh; jg;gp nrd;Wtpl;ljhf Fw;wg;Gydha;Tg; nghyprhh; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mz;ikapy; njuptpj;Js;sdh;.

jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fof mDkjp

,e;jpa jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;Fk; ,yq;ifapy; jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fofq;fis mikf;f mDkjp toq;fg; gl;Ls;sd. ,jd;%yk; ,Jtiu ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J te;Js;s ,ytrf; fy;tpf;Fk; Mgj;J Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

kPdth; gpur;rid ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; kPd;gpbj; njhopy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ. Ntiytha;g;Gk; tUkhdKk; toq;Fk; Jiw ,J. Vw;Wkjp %yk; me;epa nryhtzpAk; fpilf;fpwJ. kPd;gpb rhu;e;j gy Jizj;njhopy;fSk; cUthf;fg; gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapy; Rkhu; 7 ,yl;rk; kf;fs; kPd;gpb Jiwrhu; njhopiy tho;thjhukhff; nfhz;L tho;fpd;whu;fs;. ,yq;ifapy; Njrpa kPd; cw;gj;jp 3>04>380 nkw;wpf; njhd;fs; (2014)> mjpy; ed;dPu; kPd; cw;gj;jp Nghf flypy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLtJ 2>67>680 nkw;wpf; njhd;fs; (2014) Mf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jkpoj;; Njrpaf; $l;likg;ghy; ,dthjf;fl;rp vdf; $wg;gLk; N[.tp.gpiar; Nru;e;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu; tp[pjNfuj; jkpo; kPdtu;fSf;fhfg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Fuy; nfhLj;Js;shu;. xU ehisf;F 1>500 ,e;jpa Nwhyu; glFfs; ,yq;iff; flYf;Fs; tUtijAk; mit tUlnkhd;wpw;F 864 Nfhb &gh ngWkjpahd fly;tsq;fis #iwahLtijAk; mtu; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shu;. ,jdhy; ,yq;if tlgFjp jkpo; kPdtu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLtijAk; mtu; vLj;Jf;$wpAs;shu;. tlgFjp jkpo; kPdtu; rq;fj; jiyth; jkpo;j; Njrpa $l;likg;G jiytu; rk;ge;ju; ma;ahtplk; ;jkJ Fiwfis tpsf;fp kDf; nfhLj;Js;shu;. ghuhSkd;w vjpu;f;fl;rp jiytuhd rk;ge;ju; ma;ah mtu;fs; ,Jtiu ,e;j jkpo; kPdtu;fSf;fhff; Fuy; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. tlkhfhz rigapy; kPd;gpbj;Jiw mikr;r uhf ,Uf;Fk; jkpouhd nldP]; tud; mtu;fs; jkpo; kPdtu; fspd; mtyepiyf;F Fuy; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. khwhf ISIS N[.tp.gp. ghuhSkd;w K];ypk; gaq;futhjpfis cWg;gpdu; tp[pfNfuj; xLf;Fk;gb Fuy; nfhLf;fpwhu;.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

,e;j kPdth; gpur;rid vd;gJ ,yq;ifapd; tlgFjp kPdth;fSf;F khj;jpukpd;wp ,e;jpahtpd; jkpof kPdth;fSf;Fk; Kf;fpa gpur;ridahFk;. Vnddpy; ,Jtiu 600 f;F Nkw;gl;l jkpof kPdth;fs; ,yq;if flw;gilahy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg; gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; ,yq;if ,e;jpa muRfs; ,e;j kPdth; gpur;idf;F jPh;T fhzhky; ,Oj;jbf;fpd;wd. ,yq;ifj; jkpo; kPdth;fs; jkpof kPdth;fSld; Neupilahf Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elj;jp ,g; gpur;ridia jPh;f;f tpUk;Gfpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy; ,e;jpa muNrh ,th;fSila re;jpg;ig epfotplhky; jLj;J tUfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; ngupa Nuhyh; Kjyhspfs; ,g; gpur;ridf;F jPh;T Vw;gl;lhy; jkf;F tUkhdk; ghjpf;Fk; vd mQ;Rfpd;wdh;. b.Mh; ghY Nghd;w ,g; ngU Kjyhspfs; ,e;jpa muR kw;Wk; jkpof murpy; nry;thf;F cs;sth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. mth;fs; jkJ nry;thf;fpd; %yk; jPh;T Vw;gl tplhky; jLf;fpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; ,yq;if flypy; Mf;fpukpg;gjhy; ,th;fSf;fhf mg;ghtp Vio kPdth;fs; rhfpd;wdh;. my;yJ ifJ nra;ag;gLfpd;wdh;. ,Jtiu xU ngupa Nuhyh; KjyhspAk; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl tpy;iy my;yJ ifJ nra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;gij ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

vl;fh (ETCA) xg;ge;jk; Vw;fdNt ,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk; ,ilapy; gy xg;ge;jq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; gy xg;ge;jq;fs; kpfTk; ,ufrpakhfNt itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mit Fwpj;J kf;fshy; ve;j tpguq;fSk; mwpa Kbahky; cs;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; "vl;fh" vd;w xU xg;ge;jj;ij nra;aTs;sdh;. ,t;nthg;ge;jk; Vw;gl;lhy; ,yq;if ,e;jpahtpd; xU khepykhfNt khwptpLk; mghak; cs;sJ. fle;j kfpe;j uh[gf;r fhyj;jpy; "rPgh" vd xU ,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jk; nfhz;L tu Kaw;rp nra;ag;gl;lJ. kf;fspd; fLk; vjph;g;ghy; mJ iftplg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ vjph;f;fl;rp jiytuhf ,Ue;j uzpy; tpf;fpukrq;f ,J ,yq;ifapd; eyDf;F vjpuhd xU Nkhrkhd xg;ge;jk; vd;Wk; ,jidf; nfhz;Ltu xUNghJk; mDkjpNahk; vdf; $wpdhh;. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

Mdhy; mth; ,d;W Ml;rpf;F te;jJk; mjidtpl Nkhrkhd "vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;gLj;j Kide;J tUfpwhh;. "vl;fh" vd;W miog;gJ ,yq;if ,e;jpa th;j;jf kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g cld;ghl;L xg;ge;jj;jpd; RUf;fkhFk;. 1998,y; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk; ,ilNa xU RahjPd xg;ge;jk; ifrhj;jplg;gl;lJ. mJ fle;j 16 tUlq;fshf eil Kiwapy; cs;sJ. ,e;jpah xU ngupa re;ij. ,yq;if xU rpwpa re;ij. ,yq;if apd; ehshe;j re;ij 30 yl;rk; MFk;. mNj Ntis ,e;jpahtpd; ehshe;j re;ij 30 NfhbahFk;. MfNt ,e;j xg;ge;jk; %yk; ,yq;iff;F ngupa gad;kpf;f re;ij fpilf; Fk; vdf; $wg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW $wp Nkw;gb xg;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

vl;fh xg;ge;jj;jpw;F vjpuhf N[.tp.gp ntspapll; gpuRuk; 38

2000k; Mz;by; ,yq;if ,e;jpa th;j;jf ngWkjp 650 kpy;ypad; nlhyh; MFk;. xg;ge; jj;jpd; gpd;dh; 2014 ,y; ,e;j th;j;jf ngWkjp 4>600 kpy;ypad; nlhyu; fshf MfpaJ.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

,jpy; ,yq;ifapd; gq;F 625 kpy;ypad; nlhyh;. kPjp ,e;jpahtpdJ MFk;. mjhtJ ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J ,yq;iff;F ,wf;Fkjpahd nghUl;fs; 3>950 kpy;ypad; nlhyh; MFk;. xg;ge;jk; %yk; ,yq;iff;F gad; fpilf;Fk; vdf; $wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mjpf gaid ,e;jpahNt ngw;W tUfpwJ. xg;ge;jk; %yk; rkr;rhP ; mw;w th;j;jfk; eilngWfpwJ. xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,e;jpah rpy tupr;rYiffis mspj;jpUe;j NghjpYk; ,yq;ifapdhy; mjd; gaidg; ngw Kbatpy;iy. mjw;F fhuzk; ,e;jpah NtWtpjkhd eilKiwfisg; gpd;gw;WtjhFk;. Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpa murpay; eph;za rl;lg;gb mjd; gpuhe;jpa muRfs; RahjPdkhf tup tpjpg;Gfis nra;tjhFk;. cjhuzkhf jkpo;ehL muR nghUs; ,wf;Fkjpapd;NghJ 21% tupia tpjpf;fpd;wdJ. mjdhy; ,e;jpa muR tupr;rYif mspe;jpUe;jNghjpYk; ,yq;ifg; nghUl;fis jkpo;ehl;by; ,wf;Fkjp nra;J tpw;gid nra;a KbahJ. mNjNghd;W ,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpa vw;Wkjpg; nghUshd NjapiyAk; ,e;jpa re;ijapy; tpw;f Kbahj epiy cs;sJ. ,yq;if Njapiy ,e;jpa Njapiyiatpl cah;e;j ufkhapDk; ,e;jpa re;ijia mila Kbatpy;iy. Vnddpy; nfhr;rpd;> fy;fj;jh Mfpa JiwKfq;fSf;F khj;jpuNk Njapiy ,wf;Fkjp nra;a ,e;jpa muR mDkjpj;Js;sJ. Mdhy; me;j gpuNjrq;fspy; Njapiy cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wgbahy; ,yq;if Njapiyia ,wf;Fkjp nra;tij mg; gpuNjr kf;fs; vjph;f; fpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapdhy; ,e;jpa re;ijapy; Njapiyia tpw;f Kbahky; cs;sJ. ,t;thwhd fhuzq; fspdhy; xg;ge;jj;jpdhy; vjph;ghh;j;j ed;ikfs; ,yq;iff;F fpilf;ftpy;iy. khwhf ,e;jpah ,yq;if re;ijia Mf;fpukpj;jJ khj;jpuNk eilngw;wJ. ,yq;iff;F njhiytpy; cs;s ehL mnkupf;fh. mnkupf;fhTld; ,yq;if ve;j th;j;jf xg;ge;jKk; nra;J nfhs;stpy;iy. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapd; vw;Wkjpapy; 25% mnkupf;fhTlNdNa eilngWfpwJ. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

mNjNghy; ,q;fpyhe;Jk; ,yq;iff;F njhiytpy; cs;s xU ehlhFk;. mjDlDk; ,yq;if ve;j th;j;jf xg;ge;jKk; nra;atpy;iy. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpapy; 10% ,q;fpyhe;JlNdNa eilngWfpwJ. ,t;thW vt;tpj xg;ge;jKk; ,d;wp njhiytpy; cs;s ehLfSld; ,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpa th;j;jfk; eilngWfpwJ. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapd; may;ehlhd ,e;jpahTld; xg;ge;jj;Jld;; 6% Vw;WkjpNa eilngWfpwJ. vdNt cz;ikapy; ,yq;iff;F ghjpg;ghd ,e;j xg;ge;jk; ePf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ jpUj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,yq;if muR ,ijtpl Nkhrkhd "vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s KidfpwJ. ,jw;fpilNa Nritj;JiwiaAk; cs;slf;Fk; tifapy; Gjpa "vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;jpy; nra;a KaYfpd;wdh;. md;W re;jpupf;fh FkhuJq;f mth;fs; xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; ngUk; ed;ikfs; ,yq;iff;F fpilf;Fk; vd;whh;. ,d;W uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fTk; "vl;fh" gw;wp mijNa $Wfpwhh;. fle;jfhy mDgtj;jpd;gb xg;ge;jk; ,e;jpahtpw;F ,yq;ifr; re;ijia ifg;gw;w tha;g;G je;j mNjNtis ,yq;if Kd;dh; ,Ue;j re;ijiaAk; ,oe;jpUg;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. ,e; epiyapy; Gjpa "vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;jpy; xU Nrit xg;ge;jj;ijAk; nra;tjw;F Kay;fpd;wdh;. ,J ,yq;iff;F ghupa mopitAk; neUf;fbiaAk; vjph;fhyj;jpy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg; NghfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpd; ciog;Nghh; Msdp 50 NfhbahFk;. ,yq;ifapd; ciog;Nghh; Msdp 80 ,yl;rk; MFk;. ,e;jpa murpd; juTfspd;gb ,e;jpahtpy; 7% njhopy; mw;Nwhh;. mjhtJ 3.70 Nfhb kf;fs; njhopy; mw;W ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ,J ,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhif Nghd;W ,uz;L klq;F MFk;. ,e;jpahtpy; tUlhe;jk; 30 yl;rk; gl;ljhupfs; cUthfpd;wdh;. Mdhy; 1940,ypUe;J ,d;Wtiu ,yq;ifapy; cUthfpa gl;ljhupfspd; vz;zpf;if ,jdpYk; FiwthdJ. vdNt ,e; epiyapy; ,yq;ifapd; Ntiytha;g;Gfis ,e;jpah;fSf;F jpwe;Jtpl;lhy; vd;dthFk;?

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

xU ,e;jpa gj;jpupifapy; ntspte;j jftypd;gb mz;ikapy; 365 jghy; gpNahd; ntw;wplq;fSf;F tpz;zg;gk; Nfhug;gl;lNghJ 23 ,yl;rk; Ngh; tpz;zg;gpj;Js;sdh;. mth;fspy; 1 yl;rj;J 16 Mapuk; Ngh; gl;ljhupfs;. 29 Mapuk; Ngh; gl;l Nkw;gbg;G gbj;jth;fs;. 250 Ngh; fyhepjpg; gl;lk; ngw;wth;fs;. Mdhy; mt; Ntiyf;F Nfhupa jifik vOj thrpf;fTk;> rapf;fps; XlTk; njupe;jpUj;jhy; NghJkhdJ. ,jd;gb ,e;jpah ve;jsT njhopy; mw;Nwhh; cs;s ehL vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. jfty; njhopy;El;g Jiwapy; ,e;jpah kpfTk; Kd;NdwpAs;sJ vd;gJ cz;ikjhd;. mnkupf;f> gpupj;jhdpa mT];Nuypa ehl;L jfty; njhopy;El;g fk;gdpfspy; cah; gjtpfspy; ,e;jpah;fNs njhopy; ghh;f;fpd;wdh;. MfNt vkJ ehl;bd; jfty; njhopy; El;g(IT) Jiwapd; Nkk;ghl;bw;Fk; ,e;jpahtpd; cjtpiag; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;gJk; rupjhd;. Mdhy; ,e;jpahTld; Nrit xg;ge;jk; nra;jhYk; ,g; gpuptpdh; ,yq;iff;Fs; tukhl;lhh;fs;. Vnddpy; ntspehl;bw;F njhopYf;fhf nry;gth;fs; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; rpy tplaq;fs; cz;L. xd;W mjpf rk;gsk;. ,uz;L gps;is fspd; fy;tp. %d;W rpwe;j Rfhjhu kw;Wk; kUj;Jt Nrit. ehd;F Rje;jpuk;. ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp ,e;jpahtpd; fy;tpia tpl rpwe;j epiyapy; ,y;iy. vdNt ve;j ,e;jpah;fs;; gps;isfspd; fy;tpf;fhf ,yq;if tUthh;fs;? ,yq;ifapd; Rfhjhu kw;Wk; kUj;jt Nrit rpwe;jJ vd;W $wKbahJ. ,yq;ifapd; Rfhjhu mikr;rNu jdJ rpfpr;irf;F rpq;fg;G+h; kUj;Jkidf;F nry;fpwhh;. vdNt ve;j ,e;jpah; Rfhjhu kw;Wk; kUj;Jtj;jpw;fhf ,yq;if tUthh;fs;? ,yq;ifapd; Rje;jpuKk; ghuhl;Lk; gbahfNth ,e;jpahittpl rpwe;jjhfNth ,y;iy. vdNt ve;j ,e;jpah;fs; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf ,yq;if tu tpUk;Gthh;fs;? MfNt cah; jfty; njhopy; El;gj; jifik cs;s ,e;jpah;fs; ,yq;iff;F tu tpUk;g khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; vg;NghJk; Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfSf;F nry;yNt tpUk;Gthh;fs;. vdNt ,yq;iff;F tuf;$bath;fs; kj;jpa juj;jth;fNs. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

mth;fSf;F ,e;jpahtpy; njhopy; cs;sJ. vdNt mth;fSk; ,yq;iff;F tug;Nghtjpy;iy. mg;gbahdhy; ,yq;iff;F tUgth;fs; fPo; kl;lj; jfik cs;sth;fNs. mth;fs; ,yq;iff;F tUk;NghJ ,yq;ifah;fSld; rk;gsk; gw;wp Nguk; NgRth;. mth;fs; Fiwe;j rk;gsj;jpw;F njhopy; Gupa Kidthh;fs;. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifah;fs; ngWk; rk;gsq;fs; FiwAk; my;yJ mjpf rk;gsk; ngwKbahj #o;epiy cUthFk;. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapy; cs;s jpwikrhypfs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw Kidthh;fs;. MfNt ,e;j xg;ge;jk; %isrhypfspd; ntspNaw;wj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkhf mikag; NghfpwJ. xg;ge;jk; %yk; ,e;jpa %yjdk; ,yq;ifapy; CLUTfpwJ. mij ,yq;ifapd; MSk; th;f;fk; ,Ufuk; ePl;b tuNtw;fpd;wJ. ,J Mq;fpNya fhydpj;Jt fhyj;ijtpl mjpfstpy; ,yq;if kf;fis Ruz;LfpwJ.

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,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; ,uhZtj; jiyaPL ,e;J rKj;jpug; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; cs;s Vida ehLfs; kPJ Mjpf;fk; nrYj;JtNj jdJ nfhs;ifahf ,e;jpah nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mJ ,yq;ifapy; fhy;gjpf;f jUzk; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Kjd; Kjyhf 1971Mk; Mz;L ,yq;ifapy; Vw;gl;l N[.tp.gp fpsh;r;rpia mlf;f ,uhZtuPjpapy; ,e;jpah jiyapl;lJ. 2>000 ,e;jpa ,uhZt tPuh;fs; te;J md;iwa rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; muRf;F cjtp Gupe;jhh;fs;. mth;fs; nfypnfhg;lh; %yk; Fz;L tPrp 6>000 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l N[.tp.gp fpsh;r;rpahsu;fisf; nfhd;W Ftpj;jhh;fs;. N[.tp.gp fpsu;r; rpia vjph;nfhs;s Kbahky; gpd;thq;fpa ,yq;if ,uhZtj;jpw;F ,e;jpa ,uhZt tUifAk; mth;fsJ N[.tp.gp.f;F vjpuhd jhf;FjYk; ngupJk; cjtpfukhf mike;jJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; ,yq;if muRf;F cjtpapUf;fh tpbd; N[.tp.gp.apdh; ,yq;ifia ifg;gw;wpapUg;ghh;fs; vd;Nw md;W Ngrg;gl;lJ. 1983,y; ,yq;ifapy; ele;j ,df;fytuj;ij ,e;jpah mjd; gpuhe;jpa Nkyhjpf;f nfhs;ifia eilKiwg;gLj;j jdf;F fpilj;j xU re;jh;g;gkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. jkpoh;fSf;F cjtp nra;tJ vd;w Nghh;itapy; jd; nfhba fuq;fis ,yq;if Nehf;fp ePl;baJ. 1983Mk; Mz;L ,df; fytuj;jpd; gpd;dh; jkpo; NghuhspfSf;F ,e;jpah gapw;rp toq;fpaJ. ,e;jpa csTg;gilapd; %yk; MAjk; toq;fpaJ. MAjk; Ntz;Lk; vd;why; mg;ghtp rpq;fs kf;fisf; nfhy;Yk; gb ,e;jpa csTg;gil tw;GWj;jpaJ. gpd;dh; Nghuhsp mikg;G fSf;fpilNa rNfhjug; gLnfhiyfis mJ cUthf;fpaJ. ,t;thW jkpof> rpq;fs kw;Wk; jkpo; kf;fspilNa NghuhspfSf;F ,Ue;j ey;y kjpg;ig mJ jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfLj;jJ. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

1987Mk; Mz;lstpy; ,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;ijaLj;J mikjpg;gil vd;w ngaupy; xU ,yl;rj;J ,Ugjpdhapuk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; ,yq;iff;F te;jJ. jkpo; kf;fSf;F cjTtjw;fhf te;jjhf $wg;gl;l ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; jkpo; kf;fis Mapuf; fzf;fpy; nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ. mth;fsJ clikfis Nrjg;gLj;jpaJ. gy Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd jkpo; ngz;fisg; ghypay; ty;YwT nra;jJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;NjhL xg;gpLifapy; ,yq;if ,uhZtk; Nky; vd;W epidf;Fk; mstpw;F kpfTk; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; mJ kpfg;ngupa mopTfis Nkw; nfhz;lJ. "600 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l jkpo; ngz;fis ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpdh; ghypay; ty;YwT nra;jdh;. 79 taJ %jhl;biaf;$l mth;fs; ghypay; ty;YwT nra;Js;sdh;" vd;W mg;NghJ gpujkuhf ,Ue;j gpNukjhrh ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; njuptpj; jpUe;jhh;. 8>000 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l mg;ghtp jkpo; kf;fisAk; 500 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l NghuhspfisAk; 1>200,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,e;jpa uhZt tPuh;fisAk; gypapl;L Rkhh; 5>400 Nfhb Ugha;f;Fk; mjpfkhd gzj;ij nryT nra;J ,uz;liu tUlq;fshf elj;jpa ,e;j Aj;jj;jhy; ,e;jpa ,uh[Pt; muRf;F vd;d Mjhak; vd;w Nfs;tpfF ; ,uh[Ptpd; Coy; ,ufrpaq; fis jpir jpUg;gNt ,e;j Aj;jk; vd;whh;fs; rpyh;. ,uh[Pt; ,uh[Pt; fhe;jpahy; MNyhrfh;fs; rpyh; jUk; jtwhd mDg; gg;gl;l ,e;jpa jfty;fNs fhuzk; vd;whh;fs; Mf; f p u kp g ; G g; gil ,yq;if ,d;Dk; rpyh;. n[ath;jj; dhtpd; kf; fshy; rhJupakhd #o;r;rpNa fhuzk; tpul;babf;fg;gl;lJ. vd;whh;fs; NtW rpyh;. Mdhy; ,th;fs; midtUk; xU Kf;fpakhd tplaj;ij kwe;J tpl;lhh;fs; my;yJ kiwj;J tpl;lhh;fs;. ,e;jpa Ml;rpahsh;fspd; Mjpf;f tp];jupg;Gthj eyd;fSk;> gpuhe;jpa Nkyhjpf;f eyd; fSk; jhd; ,e;j nfhba Mf;fpukpg;G Aj;jj;jpd; jPh;khdfukhd gpd;dzp vd;w tplak;jhd; mJ.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

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2. jpU. nldp]; `hypNl>

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3. Nguh.nrt;Ntd; fupgpahd;

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5. Nguh. kd;/g;ul; X `pd;];>

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5. [hu;tp]; n`yd;.

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6. tof;fwpQu;. N[h]; vypah]; v];NlNt Nkhy;l;Nlh.

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7. jpU. N[tpau; [puhy;Nlh nkhupaNdh

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8. tof;fwpQu;. fhg;upay; nly;yh Nkhu;l;lh

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9. jpU. Ma;];l;Bd; Nlntl;lu;

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10. jpU. [u;dp khAq;f;

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,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

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,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G