Sunscreens 101

If I could go back in time and do only one thing differently for my skin, it would be diligence with sun protection. I was raised in a sun-worshiping culture, and knew very little about photodamage— this occurs with exposure to sunlight and manifests itself in advanced aging, wrinkling, and uneven skin. Thankfully, it’s never too late to start a new healthy habit.

The sun emits different types of ultraviolet rays, and UVA and UVB rays cause the most damage to the skin.

UVAs reach our skin all year long—regardless of the weather—because they can penetrate clouds. These rays damage the deepest layers of our skin (the dermis) and cause photoaging. They destroy collagen and elastin, leading to wrinkling and sagging.

UVBs damage the most superficial layer of our skin. They cause the skin to darken and turn red (i.e., suntans and sunburns). A quick way to remember the difference between the two types of rays is to remember A=aging and B=burning.

Aside from limiting sun exposure by covering up with appropriate items, like a large-brimmed hat and protective clothing, the best way to prevent sun damage is to wear a sunscreen product. This is especially important between the hours of 11 a.m. and 4 p.m., when UV rays are strongest. However, keep in mind that the type of sunscreen, the amount applied, and proper reapplication can make a significant difference in its effectiveness.

The two most important things to look for in a sunscreen are the broad-spectrum label and SPF (sun protection factor) rating. Broad-spectrum means the product has passed an FDA-regulated test that proves the product is effective against both UVA and UVB rays. When a sunscreen is not labeled broad-spectrum, it may offer protection only against UVBs. The best, most effective broad-spectrum active ingredient in sunscreens is zinc oxide, followed by titanium dioxide.

SPF measures the sunscreen’s ability to prevent sun damage from UVB rays. Here is the simplest way to explain the most up-to-date SPF ratings:

• SPF 15 filters about 93% of UVB rays

• SPF 30 filters 97%

• SPF 50 filters 98%

• Sunscreens with SPF above 50 do not offer significantly more protection than SPF 50 (about 98.5%)

If it takes 10 minutes for your skin to burn in the sun, with an SPF 15 sunscreen it will take 15 times longer for your skin to burn (so 10 x 15 = 150 minutes) and with an SPF 30 sunscreen it will take 30 times longer, etc. That being said, no matter what the SPF rating is, you should reapply sunscreen throughout the day—as often as indicated on the product label, which is typically every two hours.

The Detox Market only carries mineral, non-nano, broadspectrum sunscreens to keep your skin protected from the sun’s rays.