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EAST AFRICAN BRIBERY INDEX TRENDS ANALYSIS 2010-2014
Introduction • The first East African Index was conducted in 2009 in Kenya ,Uganda and Tanzania. In 2010 , Rwanda and Burundi were included. • The objective of the survey was to map out bribery experiences of citizens across the five East African countries during interactions with key public service institutions and sectors
Objectives • In 2015, The East Africa Bribery Index Trends Analysis is a presentation of the patterns that have emerged from the EABI reports produced between the year 2010 and 2014.
Methodology • Across the five year period, over fifty thousand respondents (53,784) randomly sampled from the five East African countries were interviewed face to face for the survey. • The index examines indicators such as likelihood of bribery, prevalence of bribery, average size of bribe, share of national bribe and impact of bribery. • It also examines the reasons for paying bribes, reporting of bribery incidents and the public's perception of corruption among other views on the fight against corruption
Sectors covered • It focused on five sectors; Police , Judiciary, Registry and licensing services, Land services and Tax services.
KEY FINDINGS
Country Performance • Rwanda was repeatedly ranked as the least bribery prone country in the region.
• The remaining four countries had a mixed outlook , with Burundi being the most bribery prone in three of the five years under review. • Kenya registered an improvement since 2010 in this regard. Apart from 2012 ,It was the least bribery prone country next to Rwanda.
Sector Performance – Judiciary Country
Y2010 Y2011 Y2012 Y2013 Y2014
Kenya
59
44
30
38
47
Burundi
52
50
Tanzania 75
76 59
63 6 45 44
48 24 38 42
35 37 42 31
Rwanda
Uganda
50
Average size of bribe – Judiciary Year
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Amount of bribe (Ksh)
11,046 9,230 5,063 8,390 7,885
Sector Performance – Lands services Country
Kenya
Y2010 Y2011 Y2012 Y2013 Y2014
53
56
70 36 12
47 52 15
55 42 12
44 32
45 59
20 27
27 47
36 60
Burundi Rwanda
Tanzania Uganda
Average size of bribe – Land Services Year
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Amount of bribe (Ksh)
8,973 6,800 9,842 8,949 7,219
Sector Performance – Police Country
Y2010 Y2011 Y2012 Y2013 Y2014
Kenya
78
80
72
71
68
Burundi
80
78
85 71
83 81
63 38 83 85
64 54 73 60
73 47 83 84
Rwanda Tanzania Uganda
Average size of bribe – Police Year
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Amount of bribe (Ksh)
4,434 3,557 2,801 4,411 4,821
Sector Performance – Tax services Country
Kenya
Burundi
Y2010 Y2011 Y2012 Y2013 Y2014
41 90
28 69
14 36 7
15 16 19
23 20 10
53 77
47 65
11 33
37 20
14 15
Rwanda
Tanzania Uganda
Average size of bribe – Tax services Year
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Amount of bribe (Ksh)
3,327 3,567 2,787 3,986 6,815
WHY DID YOU PAY A BRIBE? Year
Reason-Kenya
2012, 2013 To hasten the service 2014
It was the only way to access the service
Country
Rwanda
Reason To hasten the service It was the only way to access the service To hasten the service To access a service I did not legally deserve
Tanzania
To hasten the service
Uganda
It was the only way to access the service
Burundi
DID YOU REPORT THE INCIDENT? Kenya
No
93%
Burundi
No
92%
Rwanda
No
86%
Tanzania
No
91%
Uganda
No
93%
WHY DIDN’T YOU REPORT- Kenya Country Reason I knew no action would be taken even if I 2010 reported I knew no action would be taken even if I 2011 reported I knew no action would be taken even if I 2012 reported I knew no action would be taken even if I 2013 reported
2014
I did not know where to report
WHY DIDN’T YOU REPORT- Regional Country Reason I knew no action would be taken even if I Kenya reported -Fear of self incrimination Burundi -Fear of Intimidation/reprisal -I was a beneficiary
Rwanda Fear of self incrimination I knew no action would be taken even if I Tanzania reported I knew no action would be taken even if I Uganda reported
How would you describe the current state of corruption- Kenya Year
Level
Percentage %
2010
High
54%
2011
High
53%
2012
Medium
47%
2013
High
62%
2014
High
67%
How would you describe the current state of corruption- Regional Country
Level
Average %
Burundi
High
54%
Kenya
High
57%
Rwanda
Low
68%
Tanzania
High
53%
Uganda
High
67%
Is the government doing enough to fight corruption- Kenya Y2014 Y2013
38%
46%
Y2012
30%
Y2011
35%
Y2010
58%
22%
49% 50% 46% 62%
4% 5% 20% 20%
16%
Yes No Unsure
Is the government doing enough to fight corruption- Regional Country
Response
Average %
Burundi
No
45%
Kenya
No
53%
Rwanda
Yes
94%
Tanzania
No
47%
Uganda
No
57%
Recommendations Strengthen National anti-corruption bodies • The government should ensure that EACC has enough operational and institutional independence to deliver on the anticorruption mandate.
Recommendations Enhance anti corruption efforts at the county level
Recommendations Build public confidence to report corruption to the relevant ant corruption institutions.
Recommendations Stronger regional anti-corruption initiatives • Secondly, the East African Association of AntiCorruption Authorities (EAAACA) should be supported to play a stronger coordination role across the region.
Way Forward • TI-Kenya welcome partnerships with public institutions aimed at comprehensively identifying and strengthening internal systems and procedures to curb corruption
Questions
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