CORONA - The Symbiotic Sisal Processing Plant by Tiago Vasconcelos

Kwanza

Tanzania

CORONA The Symbiotic Sisal Processing Plant Est .

1962

CORONA

CONTENTS

.01

PREFACE

02 Investigation 03 Tanga, Tanzania

A Corona - Latin, ‘c rown’ is typically an aura of plasma that surrounds the Sun and other stars, it grows, and reaches outward beyond its core.

.07

WHAT

08 The Sisal Industry 12 ReImagination

.17

This term is also the name of a particular machine used in the process of Sisal Decortication - the extraction of fibres from the sisal leaf.

WHY

19 Industrial Challenges 21 Societal Challenges 23 United Nations SDGs 25 Discourse

Corona is thus a homage to this decortication process - the central process to this project - and a nod in the direction of the attitude and thinking taken toward the potential resolution of the challenges faced by society and industry.

.29

WHERE

30 Site Imagery 35 Site Analyses

.37

HOW

38 Pragmatic Process 45 Poetic Process 49 Synthesis 53 Environmental Performance

.57

CORONA

58 Scheme T

-S

UR E

TANZANIA

-D

ON RK IRENMA

E OL TION URCHO EXPEDI 2017

DAM L - GEORGE P JA A-A M NIS - LIN Z - AHAMED A - RL B EN ER K KEN - S - D AND K- E TS KS R MEN LE

- EMILIE J CEC IAGO D J-T HRISTOPHE B - ILIE J MIE LOUIS C EMR VE Ü NIC IE MI Y ARCHI -C U T OF KA EC

L F - VIKTORIA K - XAN HAE B ITA MIC A N - ED D - ALICJA - VA C - - ANN SL TO ER AN KE W M IK

Tiago Da Costa Vasconcelos AEE01 2018 Programme Tutor: Thomas Chevalier Bøjstrup Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts School of Architecture IBT, Architecture and Extreme Environments

VID G - JAKOB S - DA K MIA - LILLI W - CHR - THO H - JACK C M ISTI AN AS AS C LHL ILLE A D EXTREM AM ANOF ARCHITECT E EN

65 Experience 69 Essence 79 Physical Models

Page.01

PREFACE Page.01

Page.02

INVESTIGATION

The sisal industry was once the economic backbone and fundamental underpinning of the region of Tanga. Its Port city, originally industrialised by the German colonialists — with the intention of supplying their war efforts — predominantly exported sisal based products and goods throughout its early development. These outputs are the result of the extraction and processing of fibre from the sisal plant, a widely cultivated cash-crop. Industry production, ultimately, fell drastically during the post-colonialist era as a result of three primary factors: Limited economic competitivity. Poor husbandry of cultivated land. Sharp decline in operation skills and experience.

Additionally, negative ecological impacts of production exacerbate negative impacts on the environment and cost effectiveness of product leading to a continued sedentary industry. This investigation positions itself within the discourse of Circular Economies, investigating the potential for speculative business modalities based on the principles of Industrial Ecology. Taking the form of a re-imagination, the project theorises an alternate paradigm for an existing plant located at the Katani Ltd Estate in Hale, Tanga Region. Katani Ltd — Tanzania’s foremost sisal producing corporation — purchased land containing existing colonial structures and occupied them with the facilities seen today. This complex plant produces output in two forms; Sisal fibres for trade, and waste for self-sustaining biogas digester feedstock. Given this ad-hoc post-occupational architectural appropriation, and diversified business modality, I have selected this site as the test bed for exercising theoretical and conceptual speculation in an attempt to identify opportunities for sustainable business development and effective environmental and societal benefit.

Page.03

TANGA Karibu Sana

Page.04

Tanzania 945 087 km2

Tanzania

75%

Tanga Region

Area: 26,677 kmÂ˛ Population: 2.045 million Districts: Handeni; Kilindi;

@ 26C

Average RH

(2012)

Korogwe; Lushoto; Muheza; Mkinga; Pangani; Tanga

125%

Actual vs Accepted RH

Tanga Region 26 677 km2

Page.05

A TRULY BEAUTIFUL PLACE TO BE

TANZANIA: TANGA

TEU per Month Unit

Clinker Import

TEU stands for Twenty-Foot equivalent unit. The dimensions of one TEU are equal to that of a standard 20′ shipping container.

3 50 1

2016

2015

kt Clinker Shipments kt each Year

At present, we have only two big customers - Tanga Cement Company and GBP whose offers for traffic we fail to satisfy adequately because of the condition of the track which is terribly in bad shape”

90%

2007 Officially Closed 2009 No Trains to Seaport

30/50 kph due to poor conditions

CITY MAPS The Urban Centre and City Greater

Analysing the urban context allows for a deeper understanding of the city dynamic and built form. We uncover the nature, character and culture of the town through its physical layout, planning and architectural tectonics. The typological distribution of Tanga informs us as to how the city evolved over time through colonialisation.

INDUSTRIAL

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL 01

RESIDENTIAL 02

RESIDENTIAL 03

Zones proliferate toward Urban Centre outskirts and surrounds

Zone exists adjacent to Urban Centre, importance on proximity

Housing toward the outskirts of Urban Centre, less favourable

Zone which builds away from industry and commerce, peaceful location

Low Density

Mixed Density

High Density

Medium Density

Low Density

Upper Income

Income Generating

Mixed Income

Lower Income

Upper Income

Mixed Construction

Colonial Construction

Informal Housing

Country Houses

Factories

Mixed

Single/Multi Dwelling

Single Dwelling

Med Rise MultiStorey

Low Rise MultiStorey

Sparse Planning

City Block Planning

Courtyard Community

Gated Communities

CITY MAP The Urban Centre

500

kt Cargo

TRL Tanzania Railways Ltd

MAXIMUM POSSIBLE SPEED

15 10

TEU

CAPACITY UTILISATION RATE

75 40 12.5

2014

Passengers Aircraft Movements Cargo

In one Month

Circa 2013 the ferry route between Tanga and Pemba Island was cancelled due to poor upkeep and high danger.

2013

31k 5.5k 39t

RW Railway 3

Tanga to Pemba Cancelled

35 30

2012

In one Year (2016)

THOUSANDS OF PASSENGERS

Runway Length

Due to the short runway, bigger airplanes landing at the port are those with less than 50 passengers.

2011

1.6KM

SP Seaport 2

METERS

COMPARITAVE SCALE MAPS 4 Contextualising area and size

CITY. C ENTER AP Airport 1

2010

TANGA.CITY.TANZANIA

Assessing and Unpacking regional infrastructure and scale through comparitave maps and mapping. Tanga City’s focus on its urban centre as a node for production and industry can be clearly seen through the positioning, placement and planning of its infrastructure and nodes.

SPATIAL.CHARACTER

CITY.GREATER

LEGEND Infrastructure

26 677

35x

Tanzania is

Tanga Region

CITY WITHIN REGION Area of Tanga Region km2 26 677

Area of Tanga City km2

Trunk Road Regional Road Primary Urban Road Secondary Urban Road Cycle Way Foot Path

NETWORK 33 Kilometers Primary Urban Road 178 Kilometers Secondary Urban Road

A14.S

A14.Northbound

Trunk Road

1 000

A14.N

LEGEND

Mabokweni Village (8km) Lunga Lunga (70km) Ramisi Ramisi (106km) Gazi Gazi (120km) Mombaasa, Kenya (175km)

A14.Southbound Pongwe (13km) Muheza (36km) Mshangalikwa (46km) Hale (63km) Dar Es Salaam (333km)

1.25 Kilometers Cycle Way

2.6 Kilometers Foot Path

Airport Seaport Railway Trunk Road Regional Road Primary Urban Road Secondary Urban Road Cycle Way Foot Path

LEGEND Building Types

Trunk Road

2 000

Area of Tanga Region km2

2 000

945 087

4 000

Area of Tanzania km2

500

TANGA.CITYTANGA.REGIONTANZANIA

REGION WITHIN COUNTRY

METERS

Park Sports Healthcare Education Entertainment Commercial Institutional Hospitality Religious Cultural Industrial Infrastructural

596

35x

Tanga City

A14.N

Hovedstaden is

10x 04x

Hovedstaden Tanga City

4 000

08 14

A14.N

2568

01 09 11 12

KILOMETERS

Area of Hovedstaden, DK km

CROSS REFERENCE

Tanga Region is

TANGA.REGION

Tanga Region is

LEGEND Trunk Road Regional Road Primary Urban Road Secondary Urban Road

NETWORK

Ur 01

Ru 07

Ru 02

Ur Ru

Ru 02

Ru 10

Ur 16

Ru 13

Ru 69

Ur 01

Ru 02

Other %

Grass %

Poles / Mud %

WALLS

Other %

Baked Bricks %

Earth / Sand %

Sundried Bricks %

Ur Ru

Ceramic Tiles %

Iron Sheets %

FLOORS

Ur 01

Ru 01

CITY WARD DISTRIBUTION 6 Rural Wards 382.9 km2 Pop. 43 223 Mixed Wards 173 km2 Pop. 44 232 Urban Wards 41.1 km2 Pop. 185 877

68% of the

Tanga City Population

112 inhabitants/km² 256 inhabitants/km² 4 523 inhabitants/km² lives in 6.9% of Available City Land

POLES.MUDCEMENTEARTH.SANDCEMENTTILESEARTH

RURALMIXEDURBAN

Ur Ru

Other %

Mud / Leaves %

Grass / Leaves %

Tiles %

Iron Sheets %

Kilometers Trunk Road

56 Kilometers Primary Urban Road Ur

ROOFS

129 Kilometers Regional Road

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 5 Households in Urban (Rural) Wards

Cement Bricks %

Rural Mixed Urban

TANZANIA: TANGA

Stones %

RESEARCH: TANGA REGION & CITY

Page.06

A14.Northbound

AP A14.S RW

Trunk Road Mabokweni Village (8km) Lunga Lunga (70km) Ramisi Ramisi (106km) Gazi Gazi (120km) Mombaasa, Kenya (175km)

A14.Southbound

A14.S

Trunk Road Pongwe (13km) Muheza (36km) Mshangalikwa (46km) Hale (63km) Dar Es Salaam (333km)

17 18

24 23

22 21 20

DEFINITIONS 7

CITY WARD NAMES 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

Central Chumbageni Nguvumali Mwanzange Duga Mabawa Mzingani Usagara Ngamiani Kaskazini Majengo Ngamiani Kati Ngamiani Kusini

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Msambweni Makorora Chongoleani Mabokweni Mzizima Kiomoni Pongwe Kirare Marungu Tongoni Tangasisi Maweni

Trunk Road A trunk road is a road maintained by the national government body. Trunk roads are generally, therefore, the most important roads nationally; Connecting main cities and providing inter region transport routes. Regional Road A regional road is a class of road not forming a major route, such as a trunk road, but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. These roads allow for interconnecting routes within a region or adjacent regions.

CITY MORPHOLOGY

PROPORTION 01 Vehicular Networks and 02 Primary Road Distribution 59 %

3.8 %

Cycle Way

City Center Primary Urban Road

City Wide

REFERENCES 1. “Tanzania Airports Authority,” Tanzania Airports Authority, 2016, , accessed September 25, 2017, http://www.tanzaniaairports.aero/. 2. “Port of Tanga, Tanzania.” Ports.com. 2017. Accessed September 25, 2017. http://ports.com/tanzania/port-of-tanga/. 3. Tanzania Railways Limited. 2017. Accessed September 25, 2017. http://www.trl.co.tz/. 4. “Tanzania.” Wikipedia. October 03, 2017. Accessed September 25, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania. “Capital Region of Denmark.” Wikipedia. September 20, 2017. Accessed September 25, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Region_of_Denmark. 5. Tanzania. National Bureau of Statistics. Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile. Tanga. Dar Es Salaam: National Bureau of Statistics, 2016. 113-115. 6. ”Africa.” (Tanzania) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location. February 04, 2017. Accessed September 25, 2017. http://www.citypopulation.de/php/tanzania-admin. php?adm2id=0404. 7. “Trunk road.” Wikipedia. September 07, 2017. Accessed September 25, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunk_road. “Regional road.” Wikipedia. July 01, 2017. Accessed September 25, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_road.

Throughout history, the Architecture of Tanga City has evolved to reflect its era of rule. The German and British Colonial Periods have heavily influenced the construct of the city, and it is through this Architectonical lense which we can begin to understand and unpack the Morphological Development of the city. Its planning and placement through the colonial to independence periods gives clues to the functioning and distribution of its populace.

GERMAN COLONIAL PERIOD 1 1881 - 1916

BRITISH COLONIAL PERIOD 2 1916 - 1961

POST INDEPENDENCE 3 1961 - 2017

The Germans invested most heavily into development of Architecture and Infrastructure. Buildings were robust and inspired by an eclectic mix of Arabic and German architecture.

During the British period, the largest gains in momentum of the Sisal Industry was seen. The British focussed heavily on driving industry and utilising production capabilities of Tanga City and some of its Region.

Today we see an exclectic mix of Architecture whichmakes up the majority of Tanga City Center. Toward the outskirts we begin to see a more informalisedsprawl developing which comes as the result of repidinhabitant influx. -

Figure 01 Old German Hospital of Tanga

Figure 02 Sisal laid out to Dry in British Tanganyika

Figure 03 Tanga (Tanzania) - Colonial Architecture

REFERENCES 1 Tanga City Council. Tourism Guide for the Tanga Region, Tanzania. Tanga City: Tanga City Council, 2012. 2. “Sisal production in Tanzania.” Wikipedia. May 03, 2017. Accessed September 25, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisal_production_in_Tanzania. 3. Tanga City Council. Tourism Guide for the Tanga Region, Tanzania. Tanga City: Tanga City Council, 2012. Figure 01 “Old German Hospital of Tanga.” Digital image. Tripmondo.com. January 5, 2009. Accessed September 20, 2017. http://www.tripmondo.com/tanzania/tanga/bombo/. Figure 02 Flikr Account, National Archives, UK. “Sisal laid out to dry in British Tanganyika.” Digital image. Wikiwand.com. April 8, 2012. Accessed September 20, 2017. http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sisal_production_in_Tanzania. Figure 03 Danielzolli. “Tanga (Tanzania) - Colonial Architecture.” Digital image. Flickr.com. February 25, 2011. Accessed September 20, 2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielzolli/5575123424/.

Page.07

WHAT Page.07

Page.08

THE SISAL INDUSTRY

SISAL

â&#x20AC;&#x153; A coarse and strong fibre, sisal is being increasingly used in composite materials for cars, furniture and construction as well as in plastics and paper products. Sisal fibres are obtained from Agave Sisalana, a native of Mexico. The hardy plant grows well all year round in hot climate and arid regions which are often unsuitable for other crops. Sisal can be cultivated in most soil types except clay and has low tolerance to very moist and saline soil conditions. Husbandry is relatively simple as it is resilient to disease and its input requirement is low compared to other crops. Sisal can be harvested from 2 years after planting and its productive life can reach up to 12 years, producing from 180 to 240 leaves depending on location, altitude, level of rainfall and variety of plant. â&#x20AC;&#x153; - Sisal: Future Fibres | Food and Agriculture Organisation UN

RESEARCH SITE

Agave Sisalana

Kwanza

Tanzania

HALE

Katani LTD Sisal Fibre Processing Estate Est . 1962

Page.09

THE INDUSTRY IN TANGA

CORONA

The sisal industry was once the economic backbone and fundamental underpinning of the region of Tanga. Its Port city, originally industrialised by the German colonialists â&#x20AC;&#x201D; with the intention of supplying their war efforts â&#x20AC;&#x201D; predominantly exported sisal based products and goods throughout its early development. These outputs are the result of the extraction and processing of fibre from the sisal plant, a widely cultivated cashcrop. Industry production, ultimately, fell drastically during the post-colonialist era as a result of three primary factors: Limited economic competitivity. Poor husbandry of cultivated land. Decline in operation skills, experience.

Exports 1914 21 000 TONS

Exports 1964 234 000 TONS

- Sisal Statistics | Food and Agriculture Organisation UN

During this time the industry also provided 1 000 000 jobs to Tanzanians.

THIS REPRESENTS EMPLOYMENT OF 9% OF THE TOTAL POPULATION OF THE COUNTRY.

Page.10

During the 1960s Tanzania produced ONE THIRD of the global Sisal Production Output

33%

Page.11

Page.12

REALITY REIMAGINED This project is an investigative reimagination which serves as a means of exploring the potential for future improvements to the industry and society in Tanzania. Through architectural intervention, systems analysis and planning; the investigation aims to unlock the hidden potentiality latent in the industry of today.

Page.13

Kwanza

Tanzania

HALE

Katani LTD Sisal Fibre Processing Estate

the REALITY

Est . 1962

Page.14

Page.15

Kwanza

Tanzania

CORONA The Symbiotic Sisal Processing Plant

the REIMAGINED

Est . 1962

Page.16

Page.17

WHY Page.17

Page.18

WHY REIMAGINE THE EXISTING PLANT? Reimagination offers an opportunity to synthesize an appropriate architecture which, by design, considers existing industry and societal challenges. It allows us to freely question, interrogate and unpack various aspects of a broader scope beyond the site and industry itself.

Page.19 INDUSTRY RISE

INDUSTRY FALL

“ Under German, then British, administrators, sisal fibre became the colony’s main export commodity, highly prized for use in cordage and carpets worldwide. When the United Republic of Tanzania was born in 1961, it was the world’s biggest sisal grower, with fibre production of 230 000 tonnes a year. Sisal was the country’s main foreign exchange earner and its cultivation and processing employed more than one million people. ”

“ By the mid-1980s the decline of the industry in Tanga saw sisal exports down to just 30 000 tons per annum. This sharp decrease is attributed primarily to the low prices of newly manufactured synthetic fibres, poor husbandry of cultivated land and a lack of knowledge and skills to maintain and sustain the production of plantations and factories. The industry has remained in this state, never gaining real traction or momentum since. ”

- Sisal in Tanzania | Natural Fibres .org

- Tanga History | Tanga Line Tripod .com

Tanzanian Sisal Production

Exports 1914

21 000 TONS

Exports 1964 234 000 TONS

- Sisal Statistics | Food and Agriculture Organisation UN

During the 1960s Tanzania alone was responsible for one third of the total global Sisal Fibre Production.

Exports 1984

38 000 TONS

Exports 2014 37 000 TONS

- Sisal Statistics | Food and Agriculture Organisation UN 32%

AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA ENTIRE CONTINENT OF AFRICA PRODUCES 32%

Today, the of the global Sisal Output

33%

During this time the industry also provided 1 000 000 jobs to Tanzanians. This represents employment of 9% OF THE TOTAL POPULATION of the country.

The industry downfall meant the loss of 900 000 jobs to Tanzanians. Today, the industry employs a mere 0,2% OF THE TOTAL POPULATION of the country.

Page.20

INDUSTRY Challenges

1. Limited economic competitivity 2. Poor husbandry of cultivated land 3. Decline in operation skills and experience

Page.21 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES

Employment

Formal employment statistics remain exceedingly low in the region given its heavy emphasis on agricultural households. Around 1.6M Tanga residents are Agricultural Household Members. Unskilled Labour

Men Women

80% of Tanga Regions population are

self-reliant respect to sustenance and income.

15.9% 32.8%

80% of Tanga Regions population are self-reliant in some significant way with respect to sustenance and income.

Education

Service delivery for rural populations remains low given the challenges faced in logistics and infrastructure. Literacy Rates for the combined population of Tanga is 67%. Literacy Rate by Population

In Tanga means approximately 600 000 people are unable to read and write.

Urban 89% Rural 65%

A 33% rate of illiteracy in Tanga means that around 600 000 people are unable to read and write.

Infrastructure

Access to electricity throughout Tanzania stands at only 15.5% of the total population. Given the greater relative proportion of Rural/Urban population in Tanga, accessibility is likely even lower. - Tanga Region Statistics | Census 2012, National Bureau of Statistics Tanzania

Approximately 1 600 000 Tanga residents do not have access to electricity.

Page.22

SOCIETY Challenges

1. Literacy & Lack of Vocational Training 2. Great number of people self-subsisting 3. Widespread lack of infrastructure & utilities

Page.23

GLOBAL FRAMEWORK

The following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals were selected as the global framework within which this investigation is positioned. The investigation adopts a critical view of challenges faced in the industry and Tanga viewed from within the framework, and its responses shaped by these Sustainable Development Goals.

Page.24

Page.25

DISCOURSE

Circular Economy

â&#x20AC;&#x153; A circular economy seeks to rebuild capital, whether this is financial, manufactured, human, social or natural. This ensures enhanced flows of goods and services. The circular economy focuses on functional re-use and renewal of products and processes such that their outputs ultimately become valuable inputs for use as productive resources.â&#x20AC;? - Circular Economy. | Ellen Macarthur Foundation

Principle 1 | Preserve and enhance natural capital by controlling finite stocks and balancing renewable resource flows. Principle 2 | Optimise resource yields by circulating products, components and materials in use at the highest utility at all times in both technical and biological cycles. Principle 3 | Foster system effectiveness by revealing and designing out negative externalities.

Page.26

Economic activity builds and rebuilds overall system health. Transitioning to a circular economy does not only amount to adjustments aimed at reducing the negative impacts of the linear economy. Rather, it represents a systemic shift

that builds long-term resilience,

generates business and economic opportunities, and provides environmental and

societal benefits.

Page.27

DISCOURSE

Industrial Ecology

“ Industrial ecology is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems”. Focusing on connections between operators within the ‘industrial ecosystem’, this approach aims at creating closed-loop processes in which waste serves as an input, thus eliminating the notion of an undesirable by-product. ” - Industrial Ecology. | Ellen Macarthur Foundation

Industrial ecology adopts a systemic point of view, designing production processes in accordance with local ecological constraints whilst looking at their global impact from the outset, and attempting to shape them so they perform as close to living systems as possible. This framework is sometimes referred to as the ‘science of sustainability’, given its interdisciplinary nature, and its principles can also be applied in the services sector. With an emphasis on natural capital restoration, industrial ecology also focuses on social wellbeing.

Page.28

Industrial ecology aims to reduce

environmental stress caused by industry whilst

encouraging innovation, resource efficiency and sustained growth. It views industrial sites as

part of a wider ecology rather than an external, solitary entity.

Page.29

WHERE Page.29

Page.30

HALE SISAL ESTATE

ESTATE LOCALE

SITE SELECTION

The site I have selected is Katani Ltd’s Hale Sisal Biogas plant. Located in Hale, Korogwe District 1 . Located 76km south west of the Tanga City Centre 2 , this plant in addition to processing Sisal, recently (2012) implemented Biogas technologies as a means of producing its own electricity generated through biogas to electricity conversion. It uses the biomass waste generated by the decortication process as feedstock for digesters. The plant is thus already attempting to combat some of the issues which caused degradation of the sisal industry in Tanzania, by producing a more cost effective product and thus I felt it an appropriate site for this Investigation.

Situated on the fringes of Hale 0 — a small size town with little urbanisation and technical development — The Estate consists of the primary entry point from the main road 1 , ancillary administrative buildings 2 , outdoor drying fields 3 and finally the two part production plant 4 . This Investigation will focus primarily on the plant 4 as the subject for interrogation and exploration.

Locale Map SITE LOCATION WITHIN TANGA REGION

2 3 2

1 4

Page.31

HALE

Katani ltd Sisal Estate

Page.32

Page.33

Page.34

Page.35

LOCALITY Analysis Plan

250

Hale Town

500

Scale Meters

1 000

HydroElectric Plant

Estate Entry off A14

Estate Drying Fields

Pangani River

3 2 4

A14 Regional Road

Sisal Biogas Plant

Page.36

SITE

Analysis Plans 25

Site Entry

Scale Meters

100

Sisal Processing

Biogas Production

Waste Discharge

Prevailing Wind

Waste Discharge 0-2

4-6

Meters Second

256

266

258

260

2-4

272

Water Source 270

10%

20%

30%

254

268

252

266

250 248 246

264

244 262 242 254 240

254

Pangani River

242

Solar Path

Terrain Fall

Path

Hour

+12m

Radiation

238 252

250 JUN

JUN

Vegetated Coverage 236

252

16 17

238 240

242

246

244

248

250

252

236

DEC

09 08 07 DEC

+0m

Page.37

HOW Page.37

Page.38 PRAGMATIC PROCESS

The plant consists of Sisal Processing 1 - 8 , and Biogas Production 9 - 16 . It is situated in an area of approximately 300 x 300 m ( 9 ha ), moderately sloped and largely surrounded by open grassland and some sparsely populated forest.

WHY RE-IMAGINE THE PLANT?

Its structures were not intended to be Plant buildings. Thus, this opens an opportunity to re-imagine an appropriate architectural configuration which by design, responds to existing industry challenges.

Production Plant Map

6 2

5 4

2 14

5 8

14 11

9 10

10 13

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Fibre Laboratory (Canceled) - 17 x 8 m Delivery Yard - 46 x 28 m Pulp Squeezing - 12 x 12 m Leaf Processing - 38 x 25 m Brushing - 35 x 15 m Bundling - 20 x 15 m Loading Bay - 14 x 12 m Drying Yard (Inactive) - 28 x 17 m

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Collection Tank - 5 x 5 m Hydrolysis Tank - 7.5 x 7.5 m Biogas Digester - 18 x 18 m Storage Tank - 8.5 x 8.5 m Fertilizer Tank - 10 x 10 m Conversion Generators - 8 x 6 m Laboratory - 10 x 7 m Administration - 17 x 7 m

15 16

Page.39

SYSTEM Flow Analysis

Yard 1 Delivery Receiving Sisal Leaf Processing 2 Leaf Decortication, Washing Field 3 Drying Wet Fibre Transport Delivery 4 Fibre Dry Fibre Transport 5 Brushing Fibre Treatment 6 Grading Fibre Assessment 7 Baling Fibre Bundling Bay 8 Loading Bale Distribution

Scale Meters

100

Squeezing 3 Pulp Separating Fibre & Biomass Transport 4 Biomass Channel to Biogas Plant Tank 5 Collection Biomass Storage Tank 6 Hydrolysis Wastewater Preparation Digester 7 Biogas Anaerobic Digestion Tank Tank 8 Storage Biogas Storage Generators 9 Conversion Biogas Electricity Tank 10 Fertilizer Slurry Storage

8 7 1 5

8 4

7 5 6

3 4 1

5 3

4 8

7 6

Page.40

SYSTEM

Opportunity Diagram Sisal Processing

Biogas Production

Vermicomposting

Research & Learn

Safety Gear Locker Rooms

Communal Amenities Laboratories

Short Stay Residences

Delivery Yard

Learning Centre

Dry Decorticator

Break Space and Canteen

Grow Gardens

Fibre Washing

Ablutions and Changerooms

Visitor and Demon stration Centre

Waste to BioMethane Transport

Phytoremediatory Garden

Short Fibre Hammer

Collection

Two-Stage Fungal Pretreatment

Safety Gear Locker Rooms

Fibre Drying

Hydrolysis

Biogas Digester

Slurry to Vermicompost ing Transport

Storage

Feedstock Conditioning and Aeration

Integral Biogas Upgrading

Vermicomposting Digester Units

Bottling and Storage

Screening

Brushing

Grading

Conversion Generators

Baling and Storage Combined Loading and Distribution Bay

Safety Gear Locker Rooms

Packaging and Storage

Page.41

PROGRAMME Visual Diagram

Sisal Leaves Decortication Anaerobic Digestion

Biomass Feedstock

Processing Fibre Extracted Fibre Slurry Feedstock Biogas Upgrading

Sisal Fibre Bales VermiComposting

Electric Generation

BioMethane Bottling

Page.42

PROGRAMME Matrix Analysis

Functions

Programme

Delivery Yard Dry Decorticator (Raspador) Waste to BioMethane Transport Fibre Washing Short Fibre Hammer Fibre Drying (Indoor | Outdoor) Brushing Grading Baling and Storage Phytoremediatory Garden Observation Decks Collection Hydrolysis Two-Stage Fungal Pretreatment Biogas Digester Storage Slurry to Vermi Transport Conversion Generators Integral Biogas Upgrading Bottling and Storage Feedstock Conditioning, Aeration Vermicomposting Digester Units Screening Packaging and Storage Grow Gardens Safety Gear Locker Rooms Ablutions and Changerooms Break Space and Canteen Loading and Distribution Bay Laboratories and Administration Learning Centre Visitor and Demonstration Centre Short Stay Residences

Research and Education

Communal Amenities

Vermicom posting Facility

BioMethane Production Facility

Sisal Processing Facility Reimagination

Building Function

Area Reqs

Height Reqs

~600 Open to Air ~100 5 4 As Needed 4 ~100 5 ~150 6 ~600 | ~6000 6 ~200 ~250 6 5 ~350 ~1000 Open to Air 5 As Needed ~40 4 ~80 5 4 ~100 8 ~300 10 ~150 4 As Needed 4 ~20 4 ~220 *REF ~150 5 5 ~150 *REF 6 ~250 *REF 5 ~100 *REF ~150 *REF 5 ~2000 Open to Air 4 ~30 ~90 4 ~150 6 ~300 6 4 ~250 ~500 4 5 ~300 4 ~800

Day

Night

Orientation

Solar Access

Daylighting

Views

Ventilation

Water

Acoustics

Privacy

Security

Servicing

Sequence

08H00 - 17H00

18H00 - 06H00

N - O - S

Less 1 - 5 More

Nat 1 - 5 Mech

Less 1 - 5 More

Noise 1 - 5 Quiet

Less 1 - 5 More

A1 A2 B3 A3 C3 A4 A5 A6 A7 B4 D E1 E1 E2 E3 E4 E4 F G4 G5 H1 H2 H3 H4 I1 J K I2 L M M N O

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 25%

O S O O S N S S O N O

3 4 1 4 4 5 4 5 3 5 4

4 4 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5

1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 4 5

1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2

1 3 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 2

3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 2

4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 2 4

5 5 4 3 4 5 3 3 4 3 1

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

O O O O O O O O O

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 3

1 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3

3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 4

3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4

2 4 4 4 2 4 5 4 4

100% 100% 100% 100%

0% 0% 0% 0%

S S O O

3 2 4 3

5 4 5 4

3 1 3 3

1 3 2 3

2 4 2 2

4 4 3 3

3 3 4 4

5 4 3 4

100% 100% 50% 75% 100%

0% 0% 50% 25% 0%

N O O N O

5 3 3 4 3

5 4 4 5 4

3 1 1 5 1

1 3 2 1 3

5 3 4 4 2

4 3 4 5 3

2 5 4 2 4

1 5 3 2 5

3 2 3 4 5

100% 50% 75% 25%

0% 50% 25% 75%

S S N S

3 4 5 4

5 5 5 4

4 5 3 4

2 2 2 2

5 4 4 4

5 5 4 5

4 2 1 3

5 3 3 4

4 3 3 3

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AERIAL DRONE MAPPING Photogrammetry

Step One

Step Two

A set of 160 aerial images of the site were taken and stitched together. Covering the (approx) 300 x 300 m site area, each of these images include geographic metadata for site information.

Mapping software then analyses the images according to altitude and reflectance to determine the relative distance each observable point is in relation to the drone’s camera. An ‘Altitude Map’ is generated which includes all observed objects on site.

Step Three

Step Four

The software then calculates and assesses objects and points which could be seen as ‘anomalies’ across the primary altitudal gradient. These anomalies are the removed, leaving behind a gradated Altitude map better resembling the lay of the land.

This refined Altitude gradient map then allows for interval contours to be generated and pulled from the software. The contour map below represents an interval of 1m altitude gain at each contour line.

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POETIC PROCESS

INTEGRATION “To put together parts or elements and combine them into a whole”

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POETIC PROCESS

SPECTACULARISATION “of or like a spectacle; marked by or given to an impressive, large-scale display. ”

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Constructivism IAKOV CHERNIKHOV

Chernikhov’s book The Construction of Architectural and Machine Forms is not a narrowly specialist technical investigation or handbook; It is an investigation of theoretical principles which touch upon certain problems of the philosophy of art. While taking into account the methodological value of abstract solutions and structures, he also knows that we must not build forms which are beyond the realm of the useful, that we must not prop up the concept of a self-sufficient, “pure” art. His book rests upon a recognition of the profound commonality of the constructive principles underlying art and technology. And with that, on a recognition that the creative handling of materials can become a great organizing force, if it is directed towards the creation of useful, utilitarian forms.

IN T EGRAT ION

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The Fun Palace CEDRIC PRICE

The notion of an architecture of movement has always remained problematic given the immobility of typical built environments. And yet, Cedric Price, a British architect, not only theorized that movement was integral to architecture but he reflected this in his architectural practice. They began to envision a built form that was no longer merely static, but instead comprised of spaces in time that both informed and were informed by the complex social, economic and cultural changes of dynamic societies.

This view also contributed to a shift in the thinking of the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as well. It was no longer conceived as a cohesive structure but instead as an unstable series of systems, in continual

transformation, constantly reorganizing and rearranging itself through processes of both expansion and retraction.

SPEC TACULARISAT ION

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SYNTHESIS Sketch Process

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ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE Simulation

04 APRIL 2018

13 APRIL 2018

14 MAY 2018

MODEL MILESTONE 01

MODEL MILESTONE 02

MODEL MILESTONE 03

- Emphasis on the circular layout - Strict adherence to preceding compositional process - Underdeveloped Site to Volume Relationship

- Continued Emphasis on the circular layout - Looser adherence to compositional process - Further Developed Relationship to Site - Slight Planning Consolidation

- Breakaway from circular layout - Compositional process serves as underlying informant - Considered Volume to Site Relationship - Consolidated Planning scheme

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Sun Shading

08 a.m

21 DECEMBER / SUMMER SOLSTICE

12 p.m

21 JUNE / WINTER SOLSTICE

12 p.m

04 p.m

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Solar Insolation

Cumulative Insolation ( kWh/m2 ) 386

193

Study Start Date: 21 . 12 . 2018 Study End Date: 19 . 03 . 2018

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CFD Wind Flow

Wind Velocity ( m/s ) 8

Direction: South Easterly

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CORONA Page.57

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FLOOR PLANS Upper & Lower Floors

UPPER FLOORS

LOWER FLOORS

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SECTION Cross

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SECTION Longitudinal

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Kwanza

Tanzania

CORONA The Symbiotic Sisal Processing Plant Est . 1962

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TOWER

Observation & Drying

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CORE

Indoor Drying & Interior Feel

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DECORTICATION Diversification & Quality of Work

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Vermicomposting

03 02

01 Communal Grow Gardens 02 VermiComposting Bins 03 Packaging & Distribution

PHASE 02 Biogas Production

02 09

03 06

Short-Stay Facilities Laboratories & Administration 03 Collection & Hydrolysis 04 Anaerobic Digestion & Storage 05 Slurry Overflow Storage 06 Electrical Conversion Generator 07 Integral Upgrading 08 Bottling 09 Storage & Distribution

EXPLODED AXO Phasing Breakdown

PROGRAMME OVERVIEW AND UNPACKING

Given industry relevancy, existing challenges within social dynamics and inherent opportunity in dialogue between the two. The following outlines my Investigation Programme and expands on its relevancy with respect to learnings covered in this document, and too, the intention toward an Industrial Ecology: - Sisal Processing Facility Reimagination

Aim | Process fibre in a more efficient systems loop whilst optimising arrangement on site with respect to other functions. Improving working and safety conditions. - BioMethane Production Facility

Access Point

PHASE 01

Sisal Processing

03 04

01 02

Solar Orientation

08 09

07 11

01 Welcome Centre 02 Communal Spaces 03 Leaf Delivery 04 Decortication 05 Washing 06 Drying 07 Brushing 08 Grading 09 Storage 10 Baling

Storage & Distribution 12 Distillery Constructed Wetland

Aim | Production of refined BioMethane for trade and power. More efficient waste input utilisation systems for digestion and output energy flows as usable inputs for other functions. - Vermicomposting Facility

Aim | Production and packaging of high grade organic compost from digester slurry and additional biodegradable waste â&#x20AC;&#x201D; to be expanded upon in the coming section. - Research and Education Facility

Aim | Offer teaching programmes for residents and stakeholders coupled with accommodation for study period. Undertake research into material product diversity and lifecycle analyses. - Communal and Shared Facilities

Aim | Add value to existing functions and provide spaces for stakeholders to gather and socialise. Providing additional functions for stakeholder engagement and plant enrichment. Pangani River

South Easterly Wind

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APPROACH

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Karibu Sana

FUNCTIONAL, BEAUTIFUL

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WELCOME, KARIBU

COURTYARD

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Communitty

MORE STAKEHOLDERS

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AN EVER-CHANGING, ‘PERFORMING’ SPACE

GROW GARDENS

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Integrated Learning

PRODUCT MEANS PRODUCE

A GREAT NUMBER OF PEOPLE ARE SELF-SUBSISTING

SCALE BUILDS

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Integrated Learning

DECENTRALISE UTILITIES

THERE IS A LACK OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING

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CORONA MODEL Full Site Model

1:250

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STRUCTURAL MODEL Modular Unit

1:50

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Asante sana Thank You