studio218
BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
race to zero 2016
High Performance Buildings Program Leaders
studio218
Faculty Lead
HPB Program Leader
Jason Brown Ph.D
Godfried Augenbroe
BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
Team Leader
Sammy Shams
Tianyu Feng, LEED AP, BD+C
Alya Al-Hashim
Yifu Shi, PE
Steven Chan
George Holz
Yujia Tong
Yiwen Di
INTRODUCTION
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cohere comfort, nature & net-zero atlanta, georgia “city in the forest� 3
36% of Atlanta is covered by vegetation as opposed to 22% in other major US
piedmont park, midtown atlanta 4
GA-400
I-85
I-75
The Perimeter The Atlanta Beltline
The Site
I-20 Atlanta City Limits
I-20 I-285 MAJOR INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS
Metropolitan MARTA RAIL LINES Atlanta N THE ATLANTA BELTLINE
GA-14 I-85
I-75
5
Midtown Atlanta
G
10 m i
nut
ew a
G
c ng lki
G
M
ircle
tla
eA Th
G
a nt e
in
ltl
Downtown Atlanta
Be
M
Old Fourth Ward
Legend Cultural Institution
N
G Grocery Store M MARTA Train Hospital Campus
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Ponce City
Food H a ket ll ar
Ponce City Market
n i k g l a c w i rcle e t
G
tlanta B A e elt Th
e lin
5
m
u n i
M
a
nt
tla
eA
Th
O4W Park
Be
N
e in ltl
7
Morgan Street
944’
942’
98’
946’
5’ setback 60’
44’
46’
56’
948’
Glen Iris Drive
56’
20’ setback
5’ setback
2,665 SF Buildable Area
Building Footprint
2,665 SF x 0.75 (FAR) 2,000 SF (MAX)
58’
950’
5’ setback
536 Glen Iris Drive NE
BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
98’
0.11 Acres
City of Atlanta, GA Zone R-4B Lot Size 0.11 acre Buildable Area: 2,665 sf FAR: 0.75 = 2,000 sf
N SITE GEOGRAPHY
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urban single family houses. potential urban dwellers:
01 established millennials, young couples and newly started families 02 baby boomers preparing to retire or with an “empty nest�
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vision. the 21st century, urban, single family home.
01 place of homeliness 02 one with it’s surroundings 03 having a footprint without impact
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concepts. cohere comfort, nature and net-zero living.
centrality
connection to nature
net-zero energy
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Specifications: 1,367 sqft 2 Bedroom, 2.5 Baths Central Atrium Carport, 2 patios, Balcony Framed Backyard 0.11 acre lot Wood Floors, Stone Facade
Building Systems: 5 kW PV Array VRF Mini-split HVAC Energy Recovery Ventilator SMARTci Continuous Insulation Double Pane, Low E Windows Crawl Space Foundation Electric Vehicle Charger
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georgia institute of technology
SOUTHEAST PERSPECTIVE
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georgia institute of technology
MORGAN STREET PERSPECTIVE
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georgia institute of technology
ATRIUM PERSPECTIVE
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Energy Analysis Work Flow
Step 01
Design with passive strategies
Step 02
Step 03
Optimize the building envelope
Apply efficient mechanical systems
Step 04
Add active strategies
Analysis Tools SAM
EPC BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
Tech-Opt ANALYSIS FLOW
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Analysis Criteria Decision Making
Step 01
Step 02
30% better than average Atlanta housing
Significantly better than Step 01
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georgia institute of technology
(Minimum 30% reduction in load)
Step 03
Significantly better than Step 02 (Minimum 30% reduction in load)
Step 04
Reach Net-Zero Energy HERS Rating of 0
ANALYSIS FLOW
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01
02
Base Building on Site
03
04
Slope Roof to the South BZGhouse
Orient Long Side on E-W Axis
georgia institute of technology
Add a Second Floor GEOMETRIC MASSING
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N 0’
BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
3’
6’
SOUTHEAST PERSPECTIVE SITE PLAN
12’
18
Front Deck
Mechanical
Carport
Backyard Patio
N BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
0’
3’
6’
LEVEL 01 PLAN
12’
19
Bedroom 02
Master Bedroom Catwalk
Mechanical
Balcony
Open to Below
Closet
N BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
0’
3’
6’
12’
SECOND FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 02 PLAN 20
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GLEN IRIS DRIVE ELEVATION - EAST
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BACKYARD ELEVATION - SOUTH
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N
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SECTION A-A - ORIENTED EAST
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N
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SECTION B-B - ORIENTED SOUTH
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Connection to Nature Site Strategies
Replant the Landscape
- Reintroduced the natural landscape strategically designed around the house.
Why do this?
- Protect & replenish the natural environment - Frame the yard - Protect building exposure from the extreme climate.
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georgia institute of technology
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Connection to Nature Fenestrations
Windows & Doors to the Outside
- Strategically place fenestrations to view the natural landscape. - Enhances the experience of the house.
Why do this?
- Natural views promote health & well-being - Natural daylighting - Natural ventilation
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georgia institute of technology
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Connection to Nature Outdoor Space
Outdoor Space
- Inhabiting outdoor spaces while still being part of the home
Why do this?
- Create recreational spaces - Enhance the physical experience - Reduce building loads by moving program outdoors
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georgia institute of technology
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Centrality Open Floor Plan
Open Floor Plan
- Open floor plan to connect all adjacent program in one space.
Why do this?
- Make a small space feel bigger - Efficient use of interior space - Visual connections for comfort and security
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CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Centrality Central Atrium
Central Atrium
- Central, double-heighted space connects the first and second levels.
Why do this?
- Make a small space feel even bigger - Passive ventilation - Visual connections for comfort and security
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georgia institute of technology
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Centrality Mechanical Core
Mechanical Core
- Centralized mechanical core for efficient building systems management
Why do this?
- Efficient runs for ducts, pipes & conduit. - Organized building systems - Reduces building system loads - Reduces cost
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georgia institute of technology
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Initial Energy Analysis EPC Calculator
Energy Performance Calculator Origin
- Created by Georgia Tech High Performance Building Lab - Excel Based Engine - Based on ISO 13790
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Input
(1) TMY Weather File (2) Mechanical Systems (3) Energy Generation (4) Operation Schedule (5) Set Points (6) Envelope (7) Architectural Features
Output
Energy Performance Coef. (1) Thermal Load (2) Delivered Energy (3) Primary/Source Energy (4) CO2 Emissions
SOFTWARE TOOL
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Heating Load Window to 14,513 Wall Ratio btu/ft2/yr Cooling Load 10,338 btu/ft2/yr
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georgia institute of technology
18%
21%
Thermal Load Reduction from Average House STEP 01 - BASELINE HOUSE ANALYSIS RESULTS
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Daylight Analysis IESVE
Lighting Requirements
Reading Task = 50 fc
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georgia institute of technology
General Illumination = 5 fc BASELINE FORM
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Net-Zero Energy Building Envelope
Performance Envelope
- Continuous insulation, minimal thermal bridging and air tight construction. - Drainage layers for rain water and condensation. Why do this?
- Reduce thermal loads of the building - Protect against water intrusion - Reduce air infiltration - Increase durability of the house
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georgia institute of technology
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Envelope Optimization EPC - Tech-opt
Tech-opt in EPC Origin
- Created by Georgia Tech High Performance Building Lab - Excel Based Solver Engine - EPC plug-in
BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
Input
(1) 5 Different options for each component (2) Constrain Maximum Thermal Load (3) Constrain Maximum Cost
Output
(1) Best combination of envelope materials (2) Highest R-value is not always the optimal choice
SOFTWARE TOOL
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Envelope Detail Detail Section
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ROOF DETAIL 01
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Envelope Detail Detail Section
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georgia institute of technology
ROOF DETAIL 02
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Envelope Detail Detail Section
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WALL DETAIL 01
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Envelope Detail Detail Section
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FOUNDATION DETAIL 01
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Continuous Insulation SMARTci
Envelope Performance
- Structural Sheathing - Continuous Insulation - Vapor Retarder - Air Barrier - One System - 3� Thick, R-13 Rating BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
ENVELOPE MATERIALS
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April
Temperature (F)
January
Hours (0-24)
Hours (0-24)
Temperature (F)
October
Dry Bulb Temperature
August Hours (0-24)
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georgia institute of technology
Dew-point
Highest Probability of Condensation in Wall Hours (0-24)
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
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Steady State
Dynamic 1.4 lb/sf
1.23 lb/sf
1.1 lb/sf
Condensation Analysis
F
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% RH
ROOF HYGROTHERMAL ANALYSIS
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Steady State
Dynamic 0.9 lb/sf
Condensation Analysis
F
% RH
0.7 lb/sf
0.5 lb/sf
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georgia institute of technology
WALL HYGROTHERMAL ANALYSIS
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Thermal Load Before & After Envelope
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georgia institute of technology
THERMAL LOAD ANALYSIS
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Heating Load 7,893 btu/ft2/yr
Cooling Load 6,941 btu/ft2/yr
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georgia institute of technology
Heating Load Reduced
>50%
40%
Additional Thermal Load Reduction STEP 02 - ENVELOPE IMPROVEMENT RESULTS
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Net-Zero Energy Efficient Building Systems
High Performance Systems
- High efficiency rated systems - Minimize energy flow routes - Maintain healthy interior conditions
Why do this?
- Reduced energy demands - Use durable products - Save on utility costs
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georgia institute of technology
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Equipment Selection HVAC System
Strategies
- Independent Control - Good performance under partial load - Minimizes duct work - Utilizes exhaust heat - Combined ERV-VRF Specifications
- VRF Mini-Split System - 2 Ton Load Compressor - 2 Indoor Units - ERV
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georgia institute of technology
Air Conditioning
Ventilation Mitsubishi MXZ-3C24NAHZ SEER 19 Cooling Capacity Range: (6,000 - 23,600 Btu/h) Heating Capacity Range: at 47F: (7,200 - 30,600 Btu/h) at 17F: (25,000 Btu/h MAX)
Venmar AVS C12 ERV Outside Air Flow Range: 95 - 136 CFM
Mitsubishi SLZ-KA15NA Air Flow Rate: 280/320/390 CFM Cooling Capacity Range: 15,000 Btu/h Heating Capacity Range: 18,000 Btu/h Mitsubishi SEZ-KD12NA Air Flow Rate: 280/320/390 CFM Cooling Capacity Range: 15,000 Btu/h Heating Capacity Range: 18,000 Btu/h HVAC EQUIPMENT
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Ducting & Placement HVAC System
Outdoor Compressor
Refrigerant Supply / return
Air Supply / return Indoor Unit 01
Indoor Unit 02
ERV
Level 01
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georgia institute of technology
Level 02
HVAC SCHEMATICS
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Mechanical Ventilation Indoor Air Quality
Strategies
- Eliminate airborne pollutants - Control moisture within the building envelope - Select low VOC materials - Mitigate radon infiltration Panasonic VF-05VFM2 Air Flow Range: 50 CFM Noise Level: <0.3 sones Venmar AVS C12 ERV Outside Air Flow Range: 95 - 136 CFM
BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
Section A-A INDOOR AIR QUALITY
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Domestic Hot Water Mechanical Core
Strategies
Cold Water
- Design a water loop - Stable pressure condition - Minimize the distribution loss
Hot Water
- Heat pump water heater
Heat Pump Water Heater
A.O. Smith HPTU 50 120 Storage Volume: 50 Gallons Max Energy Factor: 3.24
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georgia institute of technology
Water Heater
Mechanical Core DOMESTIC HOT WATER
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Lights & Appliances Electrical Loads
Strategies
Lighting Load
- Minimize operational costs by utilizing LED lighting bulbs - Select compact Energy Star appliances LED Lighting Energy Star Washer & Condensing Dryer Energy Star Kitchen Appliances
0.41 W/ft2
Appliance Load
1.1 W/ft2
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georgia institute of technology
ELECTRICAL LOADS
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Energy Demand Before & After
kWh/ft2/yr
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DELIVERED ENERGY COMPARISON
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Energy Consumption
4.67 kWh/ft2/yr
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georgia institute of technology
HVAC SEER Rating
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47%
Drop in Energy Consumption
STEP 03 - MECHANICAL SYSTEMS RESULT
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Net-Zero Energy Solar Photovoltaics
Solar PV
- Renewable energy generation system - Micro-inverters for efficiency
Why do this?
- Clean energy generation - Relatively maintenance free, No moving parts - Reduce, if not eliminate energy costs
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georgia institute of technology
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
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Active Strategies Solar Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
- Suniva is a start-up company from a Georgia Tech, University Center of Excellence Lab - Locally designed & manufactured - Potential Induced Degradation (PID) Free Photovoltaic Module
Suniva OPTIMUS Series OPT 330-72-4-100
Efficiency: 16.92% Power: 330 W Cells Per Module: 72 25 year linear power warranty 10 year product warranty BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
Photovoltaic Array
Total Panel Area: 312 sf Capacity: 4.95 kW Cost Per Watt: $3.14 Gross Cost: $15,548 Cost After Incentives: $10,884 LCOE: $0.11 /kW Georgia Power: $0.14 /kW ENERGY GENERATION
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Active Strategies Solar Photovoltaics
Solar Radiation Intensity
- Correct PV array placement - Solar Intensity BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
ENERGY GENERATION
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Array Degradation Over Time Energy Gen eration
Over Time
Energy Consumption
Consumption 6,380 kWh
Generation 7,450 year 01 - kWh
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georgia institute of technology
Array System Capacity
5 KW
16% Surplus of Energy
STEP 04 - ACTIVE SYSTEMS RESULT
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Affordability
D L O S Marketing
Demo/Psycho-graphic
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The Bottom Line House Cost
Metro Atlanta Average New Construction Cost
Average Resale Price
$700,000+
$300,000+
Including lot & House
Including lot & House
Trulia.com, March 2016,
Old Fourth Ward
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georgia institute of technology
Lot Cost
Construction Cost
Total House Cost
$200,000
$181,943
$424,907
536 Glen Iris Dr.
$133 per / sqft net-zero energy 1,367 sqft
30 year mortgage 38% debt to income ratio
RUNNING THE NUMBERS
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$200,000 > $181,943 lot price
construction cost
what?
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atlanta real estate market. constant growth since the recession:
01 Purchase & lease prices increasing 02 Vacant land is disappearing 03 Growing Gentrification
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Atlanta Demographics Generations
Population 2040: 8,000,000 Millennials: 80 million Born (1980-1995) Population 2015: 4,332,600 (10 county metro area) BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
Atlanta Regional Com.
In 2040, Millennials will be 45-60 y/o DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH
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Site Affordability Lot Options
Old Fourth Ward Prime Location Family Income Requirement
$82,000
Lot Cost
Construction Cost
Total House Cost
$200,000
$181,943
$424,907
536 Glen Iris Dr.
$133 per / sqft net-zero energy 1,367 sqft
30 year mortgage 38% debt to income ratio
Lot Cost
Construction Cost
$35,000
$181,943
Total House Cost
$259,907
Vine City
$133 per / sqft net-zero energy 1,367 sqft
30 year mortgage 38% debt to income ratio
Vine City Starter Location Family Income Requirement
BZGhouse
$57,000
georgia institute of technology
REAL ESTATE OPTIONS
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Affordability Market Pricing
$700k
- Starter Location is $40k less than the Avg. Resale Price $425k
- Prime Location is $275k less than the Avg. Construction Price
$300k
- Competitive market pricing - Higher profit margins
$180k
Avg. New Const. Atlanta
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georgia institute of technology
Avg. Resale Atlanta
BZG Const. Cost
Atlanta Market
vs.
$260k
BZG Starter Location
BZG Prime Location
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REAL ESTATE MARKET EVALUATION
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Affordability Family Income
Median Family Income U.S. Atlanta
$66,632 $58,208
Mean Family Income U.S. Atlanta
$88,765 $111,097
- Starter Location is affordable for the median household - Prime Location is affordable for the mean household
US Income
$111k
Prime Location $82k
ATL Income
$88k
$66k $58k
Starter Location $57k
$48k
$45k
Minimum Annual Income Needed Prime Location Starter Location
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georgia institute of technology
$82,000 $57,000
Annual Mean Income
Annual Median Income
College Grad Mean
College Grad Median
2014 U.S. vs Atlanta Annual Income INCOME DEMOGRAPHICS EVALUATION
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marketing. two groups of net-zero home buyers:
01 those who understand & believe the technologies, benefits & impacts. 02 those who donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t.
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Marketing Strategies
Group 01 - Seek out those conscious of sustainability, health & the environment
Group 02 - Educate about net-zero energy household - Develop sales oriented language - Emphasize savings - Create a clear index of BZGhouse features and claims
“BZGhouse can save you nearly $700 in utility bill costs annually” instead of “BZGhouse reduces energy demand by nearly 2 kW per month”
BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
MARKETING ANALYSIS
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psychographics. characteristics of typical net-zero home buyers:
01 sustainability conscious 02 health-centric, environmentally aware 03 energy or building science industry professional
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Target Markets Strategies
Millennials - Experience Driven - Optimistic, focused - Globally Aware
Baby Boomers - Entering Retirement - Downsizing to increase quality of life - Sense of exploration
Desirable Home Features - Smaller, higher quality - More Experiential, less clutter - Energy Efficiency, Save Money - Environmental Conscious BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
MARKETING ANALYSIS
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Pros vs. Cons Net-Zero Energy Homes
PROS
CONS
- Energy Saving
- Higher Mortgage Payment
- Minimal if any Utility Bill
- Pre-Mature Technologies
- Healthier Living
- Not Guaranteed Net-Zero
- Technologically Advanced
- More Expensive to Repair
- Wise Investment - Higher Building Standards
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georgia institute of technology
NET-ZERO VS CONVENTIONAL
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The Rebuttal Cons to Pros
Overall Ownership Cost: 1. Utility bill savings is more than additional monthly payment
BZGhouse
georgia institute of technology
BZG Technologies: 1. Proven technologies: PV & SMARTci 2. Thorough simulation & testing
Repair and Maintenance: 1. Warranty on Systems 2. O/M cost continue to drop over time
NET-ZERO DEFENSE
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georgia institute of technology
SOUTHEAST AERIAL PERSPECTIVE
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MORGAN STREET PERSPECTIVE
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GLEN IRIS DRIVE PERSPECTIVE
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LIVING ROOM PERSPECTIVE
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georgia institute of technology
ATRIUM PERSPECTIVE
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KITCHEN PERSPECTIVE
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cohere comfort, nature & net-zero centrality
connection to nature
net-zero energy atlanta, georgia â&#x20AC;&#x153;city in the forestâ&#x20AC;? 78
BZG
High Performance Buildings
studio218
Building Net-Zero in Georgia
A decorous assemblage re-imagined in a precocious technique.
Bazinga!
Industry Partners
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COLLABORATION
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