10 15 14 tidbits nj v3 issue 42 online by Russ Swart

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LIGHT BULBS

by Janet Spencer On October 21, 1879, Thomas Edison invented the first light bulb of practical value when he discovered that carbonized cotton filaments would burn for 40 hours in a vacuum inside a glass bulb. Come along with Tidbits as we turn on the lights!

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• Thomas Edison did not invent the light bulb. He merely improved it. The search for electric lighting had begun some fifty years before Edison ever sat down to work on the problem, but all methods either burned out too fast or emitted poisonous gasses. • In 1878 Edison promised that in six weeks he would solve the problem of the incandescent light. Fourteen weeks and 1,600 experiments later, he discovered that cotton thread that had been burned to ash was the best filament to use in the vacuum of a light bulb. • Edison subsequently invented the power plant and an electrical distribution system that made electricity widely available. The power company he started is General Electric. • Filaments in modern incandescent light bulbs are made from a coiled thread of tungsten that’s 21 inches long and half as thick as a human hair. (Continued next page) Exit 91

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LIGHT BULBS (cont’d)

• Today’s light bulbs use a filament of tungsten because it’s a strong metal that can withstand high temperatures without melting. It is heated to around 4,500 degrees F. This high temperature makes the wire glow with heat. Tungsten comes from the Swedish language, with “tung” meaning heavy and “sten” meaning stone. • Three-way light bulbs have two different filaments: one 50-watt filament and one 100-watt filament. They can be turned on individually or together to produce 150 watts. • If there were any air inside the bulb, the filament would burn up. Most bulbs contain nitrogen and argon, which lengthen the life of the filament and prevent electricity from jumping around inside the bulb. • Different kinds of modern day bulbs such as black light and ozone lamps are used for such things as detecting ringworm, revealing art forgeries, finding minerals and water underground, killing odors, and inducing chickens to lay more eggs.

STREETLIGHT FACTS

• Vapor lamps use a gas rather than a wire to produce light. Instead of heating up a wire, the gas is energized, giving off light. Mercury vapor gives off a blue light, and sodium vapor gives off a yellow light. Vapor lamps produce more light than incandescent bulbs and last up to 100 times longer. • Fluorescent lights are a type of vapor lamp that use a combination of mercury and argon vapor. When electrical current passes through the vapor, it gives off ultraviolet light. The inside of the bulb is coated with phosphor, which lights up when struck by the ultraviolet light. Fluorescent lights are popular because they use 20% of the energy of incandescent bulbs, and produce 20% of the heat.

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HANDY TIP

•If you don’t want bugs buzzing around your porch lights, use yellow light bulbs. Yellow is invisible to many insects so they won’t be attracted to the light.

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October 15th, 2014

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STREETLIGHTS (cont’d)

• Vapor lamps have some disadvantages. Sodium vapor lamps when used indoors can cause a variety of ills ranging from eye strain to nausea due to the absence of blue light. And fluorescent light has been implicated in some studies in which mice developed cancer more frequently when living under fluorescent light than those living under incandescent light. • In a compact fluorescent bulb, electricity passes through a gas-filled tube and produces ultraviolet light which is absorbed by a phosphor coating on the inside of the tube which produces the visible light. Phosphor emits light in a narrow wavelength. If a CFL used only one type of phosphor, it would give off a single color. The solution is to use a variety of slightly different phosphors to produce a wide spectrum of light. This can be customized for different purposes, giving us the choice of “daylight”, “soft white”, “warm white” and other colors. • A 100-watt incandescent light bulb converts only 2.6% of its energy into visible light. The rest is converted to heat, which is why you’ll burn yourself if you touch a light bulb that is turned on. Compact fluorescent bulbs are more efficient: they convert 7.7% of their energy into light, and the rest into heat. That may not seem like a lot, but it’s almost three times as energy efficient as the incandescent. • The most efficient commercial light bulbs are low pressure sodium lamps which convert 27% of their energy to light, but because they produce a harsh yellow color, they are not commonly used inside the home. • LEDs use 80% less energy than incandescents and last far longer because they have no filaments. An LED bulb in a newborn’s room would probably not have to be replaced until that child goes off to college. They generate no heat and contain no hazardous materials.

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UP IN LIGHTS

• In 1911 the first neon sign was patented. Neon is a colorless, odorless gas found in our atmosphere at a ratio of 1 part neon to 55,000 parts air. When concentrated in a glass tube, it conducts electricity and produces a red glow. The color can be changed by altering pressure or adding other gasses.

• If you would like to make your own neon tubes, here’s the recipe: Simply liquefy a large quantity of air, and allow it to boil. Collect the first gasses that escape when it reaches boiling point. That will be a mixture of helium, neon, and nitrogen. Remove the nitrogen through chemical absorption, then chill the remaining mixture to -310 f. and pass it over charcoal, which will absorb the helium. Now heat the charcoal to recover the neon.

LAVA LAMPS

• What is a lava lamp made of? The moving blob is specially compounded wax, floating in a tube of mineral oil. When heated by the 40-watt light bulb below, it expands and becomes less dense than the liquid it’s suspended in and starts to rise. At the top of the globe, the wax cools and begins to sink again.

A WORLD RECORD

• The world’s oldest functioning light bulb is located at the fire department in Livermore, CA. It was installed in 1901. It’s been lit ever since, and has been turned off only a handful of times, mostly accidentally, or when it was transferred to different locations. It’s listed in “Guinness Book of World Records” and “Ripley’s Believe It Or Not.”

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THOMAS EDISON

• Thomas Edison had three months of schooling, which ended when he heard the teacher telling the inspector that he was addled. When he told his mom, it made her so mad that she told the teacher off and took him out of school. In spite of the lack of education, Edison patented over 1,000 inventions in his lifetime, averaging one new patent every two weeks during his adult life. In one four-year period, he averaged one patent every 5 days. • Edison arrived penniless in New York City at the age of 22. He persuaded a friend to let him sleep in the office of the Gold Indicator Co., a stock-ticker firm. When the stock ticker broke down, Edison repaired it after everyone else failed. He improved the design, and when the president of the company asked him how much he wanted for the patents, he couldn’t decide whether to ask for $5,000 or $3,000, so he said, “How much are you offering?” and the president said, “How would $40,000 strike you?” whereupon Edison replied, “Yes, I think that will be fair.” He used the money to open his a workshop and begin his inventing career. • The first invention he ever tried to sell was an electric vote-recording machine. He tried to sell it to Congress, but was refused. When a congressional vote was taken orally, it took 45 minutes, which gave congressmen plenty of time to trade votes. A faster method of voting would cut down on the vote trading. • In 1878 Thomas Edison was awarded a patent for the phonograph. He used a small metal cylinder covered with tin foil. He originally envisioned it as a business machine for dictation. This infuriated stenographers because they feared being put out of work. At first there was no way of duplicating the cylinders and performers had to repeat their renditions over and over in front of as many phonograph machines as could fit in the room. • Thomas Edison was almost totally deaf when he invented the phonograph. • He developed a device to electrocute cockroaches while he was living in Memphis, TN in 1866. • When Edison was only 31, his reputation was already so great that when he announced he was attempting to invent an electric light bulb, the value of stock in gas companies plummeted. • At the San Francisco World Fair in 1915, an official “Edison Day” was declared. The first transcontinental telephone line had been strung between New Jersey and California just in time for the fair. In front of a crowd, Edison phoned his home in New Jersey— one of the first ever long-distance calls. • He felt that memory was composed of electron particles that spread through space, never dying or changing, but leaving the head of a dying human being in search of another host. Psychics could pick up and hear these messages, and Edison was sure a machine could do the same. He devoted several years of his life to building such a contraption. For years, he also worked on a valve-operated receiving set whose purpose was to deliver messages from the spirit world. He died before either invention was ever completed. • Henry Ford had the greatest affection for Thomas Edison. They worked together and became good friends. Ford believed in reincarnation, and perhaps believed that one’s soul exited the body with the last breath exhaled on earth. He asked Edison’s son to hold a test tube next to Edison’s mouth when he breathed his last in 1931. He did so, and the test tube was discovered in Ford’s personal things after his death in 1950. The test tube is now on display at the Ford museum.

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Boot Camp 4

Today we finish putting on the “Armor of God” in our battle against the principalities of this dark world. As we have discussed, it is vitally important to have our head, heart, and hands all on the same page, especially in the face of battle. The helmet of salvation protects our head in the battle of our thoughts. It gives us our identity on God’s team and insulates us from internal conflict. Our heart and vital organs are protected from the breastplate of righteousness (doing the right thing) and our legs and feet are protected as we stand firm against the attacks of evil with the Gospel of peace. Our hands are used to hold the shield of faith and the Sword of the Spirit which is the Word of God. In one hand the shield gives us protection from the fiery arrows of evil while holding onto something that is greater than what we see, our faith. The other hand is holding the Sword (the Word of God) that is used defensively to have divine power over evil and offensively to carve the path God has prepared for us. So our head is protected in the battle in our mind, our heart is protected from the deceit of evil, and our hands are used purposefully for the fulfillment of God’s plan for our lives. Gear up for the battle of life.

BUYING

Tools 4 life

Avoid Drug Copay Coupons If clipping coupons keeps some money in our pockets, we’re all for it. But there’s one type of coupon you don’t want to use: drug manufacturers’ coupons to save you money on your drug-plan copays. You see, it’s illegal. It’s part of the anti-kickback laws. And while the drug companies are the ones at fault, there’s recent news that you, the coupon user, could be implicated if you use those coupons in conjunction with your Medicare Part D. Here’s how this works: Drug companies give copay coupons to entice you to buy their brand-name drugs instead of the generic that your drug plan offers. This is illegal, because it encourages people to purchase drugs that are paid for by a government health-care program, such as Medicare Part D. And why should you care (besides the WORDS (continued): fact“NATIONAL” that it’s illegal)? Because in the end • French: Chefs know what it means to it will cost you money. Here’s how: “french” a food item. It’s a verb that means If you buy a drug that costs $100 with to cut into thin strips, like, well, french fries. a $20 copay and use a coupon for $10, (And yes, that’s how the finger-friendly poyou pay only $10 of pocket. The are tato dish took its out name.) Green beans Plan D program then pays the balance. another item commonly prepared in this manner. the Part D plan might have However, a contract purchase a generic of theto • Maltese: to These tiny spaniels are easy identify thanks$40. to their silky coats. The drug for only By long, purchasing the American Kennel Club groups more-expensive drug with your $10 them with coupon, you’veother just “Toy made your Part D Dogs” like Pugs and plan pay a larger amount. Ultimately Yorkshire Terriers. your drug-plan costs Feline aficionados will go up ... as well taxes. alsoas use the term Maltese to describe How could you be implicated in this? cats that have a si- on the coupon itself. Read the tiny print milarly silky, grayIt might say that the coupon can’t be blue coat. used for drugs covered under a federal • Colombian: This term means different things health-care program. The information to different people, depending on how you also be buried on the drug getmight your “jones.” Narcotics dealers may refer company’s website. If the company to their products as Colombian, althoughisthe actual source often to unknown. Luckily, caught, it willispoint the small textthe it majority of us prefer a bit of legal Colomprovided.

bian, as in the coffee grown in the South Matilda Charles that she cannot American nation. regrets The prevalence of coffee personally answer reader but will shops throughout Americaquestions, is proof enough incorporate them into her column whenever that many of email us just to can’t get along in the possible. Send columnreply2@gmail. morning without a hot cup of Colombian. com. 1. True or false: The higher the wattage, the • Chinese: The generic term “chinese” now brighter the bulb. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc. represents types of food that are very differ2. If all the power lines in the U.S. were laid endent from meals are they (or ever were) to-end, how the many timesthat would stretch to the Q: How many politicians does it take to served in China. That said, the same argumoon and back? ment did could be made whatlight we consider 3. How General Electric thwart bulb theft change aabout lightbulb? “American” food. Hamburgers? Ice cream? in subways? A: Two. OneOur to change it, favorites Hot dogs? national 4. What countryPizza? uses the most power per capita of and another one to change it back again seem to have originated everywhere except any country on Earth? in thelong United 5. How will States! a typical incandescent bulb last Information in the Tidbits® before burning out?Paper is gathered from sources considered to be reliable, but the accuracy of all information cannot be guaranteed.

Can’t Get Enough

TRILOGY III

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800-631-8749 Q: How many magicians does it take to change a light bulb? A: Depends on what you want to change it into. STRANGE BUT TRUE by Samantha Weaver

● It was President John F. Kennedy who defined happiness as “the full use of your powers along lines of excellence.” ● Considering the ever-increasing cost of postage, you might be surprised to learn that the U.S. Postal Service was free until 1863.

people doesofitthe takeiconic to screw in a ● How Miltonmany Hershey, creator Hershey light Bureaucrats? Two: One to screw it Bar andbulb? founder of the Pennsylvania company town that bears his name, grew up a in and one to screw it up. Dull people?inOne. Mennonite family, working ontothe family farm. Mystery writers? Two: One screw it almost He had no formal schooling past the fourth all theHe way, and the other to give ittoanaexciting grade. served as an apprentice candy and surprising twist at the end. Light bulb maker, then started his own confectionery.joke It tellers? One to changealso the was bulb,aand 99 to failed. His100: second attempt failure. His thirdstupid attempt the candy business was make jokesinabout it. such a success that he sold the company for a large profit in 1900. He immediately used the proceeds from that sale to come up with his own formula for milk chocolate and create the Hershey Company. ● Those who study such things say that 20 percent of American men have spent at least one night in jail. .(c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

ANCENTSICEND This word means:A word that comes

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Hawkeye Publishing LLC considers it’s advertisers reliable and verifies as much data as possible. Consequently, readers using this information do so at their own risk. It is suggested that the investors contact the appropriate consumer agency before sending payment. ® Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither Tidbits of Linn county publication, Hawkeye Publishing L.L.C., The Nations Online Listings nor any of it’s employees accept any responsibility whatsoever for their actions. For more information about credit scams and advanced fee loans write: FTS Washington, DC 20580

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of Northern Johnson County

Total buyer potential is over $2,500,000

WE HAVE OVER 7,000 PROVEN FLORIST / GIFT SHOP BUYERS READY TO BUY...

tage, the

How many people does it take to screw in a light bulb? Bureaucrats? Two: One to screw it in and one to screw it up. Dull people? One. Mystery writers? Two: One to screw it almost all the way, and the other to give it an exciting and surprising twist at the end. Light bulb joke tellers? 100: One to change the bulb, and 99 to make stupid jokes about it.

were laid endy stretch to the

ight bulb theft

er per capita of

ent bulb last

How many gorillas does it take to change a light bulb? One, but it takes tons of light bulbs!

I don’t want Edison

ANCENTSICEND

This word means:A word that comes from Latin meaning “glowing with 1. Which gives off light: A 75-watt bulb, heat” ormore “white hot.”

1. True or false: The higher the wattage, the brighter the bulb. 2. If all the power lines in the U.S. were laid endto-end, how many times would they stretch to the moon and back? 3. How did General Electric thwart light bulb theft in subways? 4. What country uses the most power per capita of any country on Earth? 5. How long will a typical incandescent bulb last before burning out?

or three 25-watt bulbs? 2. A human being gives off as much heat and energy as a light bulb of about this wattage.

hat’10/19/1936 s worse than finding a worm in your apple? 10/20/1958 A: Taking a bite and finding half a worm.

“Anything that won’t sell, I don’t want to invent.” -Thomas Edison

10/21/1980

1. How many pounds (kg) of fresh apples does

10/22/1925

Jake came rushing in to see his Dad.

This word means:A word that comes from Latin meaning “glowing with heat” or “white hot.”

1. False. Wattage doesn’t measure the amount of light, just the amount of electricity going into bulb. Lumens measures the brightness. thethe average person eat every year? “Dad!” he puffed, “Is it true that an apple a day 2. The 2 million miles of power lines in the U.S. would stretch to the 10/24/1936 2. Which variety of apple was once used to repmoon and back 4 times. keeps the doctor away?” Tired of high electric bills? Maybe 3. General Electric makes specialty bulbs that screw in counter10/25/1881 you’d prefer toinstead go ofback to the days of light bulbs resent Apple clockwise clockwise forRecords? use in subways. Subway “That’s what they say,” said his Dad. candle power. 8 inch candle Sylvia Browne 10/19/1936 can only beA usedtypical in subway sockets. 3. What apple was first developed in 1962 in costs 35¢. 4. ASaudi 100-watt light bulb costs 60¢. “Well, give me an apple quick! I’ve just broken Mortensen 10/20/1958 Arabia currently (pun) uses more power per capita than any Viggo The candle give by off a in brightness ofU.S. inMOMENTS otherwill nation, followed Canada second place, and the third. Kim Kardashian 10/21/1980 IN TIME Morioka, Japan? the doctor’s window!” 12 lumens, compared to the bulb’s 1,750 5. The average incandescent bulb will burn for 750 to 1000 hours. A Johnny Carson 10/22/1925 The History Channel fluorescent last about ten times long. lumens. Itcompact would take 139 candles attheir a tart taste? 4.willWhat substance givesthat apples Nancy Grace 10/23/1959 cost $48.65 matches) to ● ofOn Oct. (not 22, including 1934, Charles “Pretty Boy” ● On Oct. 24, 1958, mystery writer Raymond Bill Wyman 10/24/1936 Name the country of origin of the Granny equal one light bulb.5.The average candle Picasso 10/25/1881 Floyd ishours, shot and killedtoby FBI agents in a Chandler startsPablo working on his last novel, will burn 6 compared 750 hours Smith apple. forcornfield the typical light bulb. It would takeFloyd, who “The Poodle Springs Story,” but he would in East Liverpool, Ohio. 17,375 candles costing over $6,000 had been a hotly fugitive for four die before completing it. Chandler published to equal one light bulb. pursued It costs about $41.25 to burn a light bulb for 750 years, used his last breath to proclaim his only seven novels, among them his first hours. 10/23/1959

ecent circulation audit and survey information from circulation verification council has revealed that 7,796 people who read the Tidbits of Northern Johnson County plan to buy at a florist / gift shop in the next 12 months. That’s real buyers. How many people does it take to screw in a youTwo: canOne have by it light bulb?Buyers Bureaucrats? to screw in and one to screw it up. Dull people? One. having your ad message Mystery writers? Two: One to screw it almost all the way, the Tidbits other to give an exciting inand the of itNorthern and surprising twist at the end. Light bulb joke tellers? 100: One to change the bulb, and 99 to Johnson County. make stupid jokes about it. So act now! Call our sales representative now. We will show you how to get your share of this valuable buying ANCENTSICEND potential.

Russ Swart 319-360-3936 russ@tidbitpapers.com or Rena at 319-930-0084

ame West Virginia’s official state fruit. What apple has the greatest production the U.S? innocence.

1. False. Wattage doesn’t measure the amount of light, just the amount of electricity going into the bulb. Lumens measures the brightness. 2. The 2 million miles of power lines in the U.S. would stretch to the moon and back 4 times. 3. General Electric makes specialty bulbs that screw in counterclockwise instead of clockwise for use in subways. Subway light bulbs can only be used in subway sockets. 4. Saudi Arabia currently (pun) uses more power per capita than any other nation, followed by Canada in second place, and the U.S. in third. 5. The average incandescent bulb will burn for 750 to 1000 hours. A compact fluorescent will last about ten times that long.

novel, “The Big Sleep,” in 1939 and “The Long Goodbye” in 1953.

uced compact ● On Oct. 20, 1947, the House Un-American four times as Activities Committee of the U.S. On Oct. 21, 1967, some 100,000 anti4th Quarter 2014Congress ●Recent d last up to ten developments have produced compact opens“Black its Monday” investigation intofallscommunist war demonstrators march on the Pentagon, 10/19/1987 stock market 502 fluorescent lights (CFLs) that are four times as e bulbs, CFLs Week 43 points “Good apple pies are a considerable infiltration of the American movie industry. headquarters of the U.S. and military. Violence efficient as incandescent bulbs last up to ten n half10/20/1945 the first cost timeWomen allowed to vote in France for the times longer. Overthe the protesters life of the bulbs, CFLs part of our1st domestic happiness.”careers -ManyThe Hollywood actors saw their erupted when clashed with 10/21/1966 Supremes become female for the same group with #1 album cost the average consumer less than half the cost destroyed over false allegations or when soldiers and U.S. marshals protecting the 10/22/1995 Yolanda Saldívar found guilty of murJane Austen of traditional incandescent bulbs for the same produce verySelena dering This word means: A disease-fighting 10/23/1973 Nixon agrees to turn their over tapes they protested having political loyalties amount building. By the time order restored, of light. In addition, CFLs was produce very 10/24/1911 Orville Wright flies for 9 minutes r conditioning compound in apples little found heat, reducing the need for air conditioning 10/25/1945 China takes over Taiwan

TNIAODNXTIA

questioned.

683 people had been arrested.

in warm weather.

ANSWERS

Apple seeds contain small amounts a sugar and cyanide compound , which Kate Winslet 10/5/75 n be toxic if consumedINCANDESCENT in large amounts. Elizabeth Shue 10/6/73 owever, your body is protected from the 1. One 75-watt light bulb gives light Simon Cowellmore 10/7/59 xin by the seed’s hard coating. Seeds Bruno Mars 10/8/85 allowed whole will pass throughthan the three 25-watt bulbs. turi pheta slice and 2. A human being givesSharon off Osbourne as much heat The1. Greek 10/9/52 About word 19 lbs.pheta (8.6 slice kg) meant gestive system easily. Chewingand the energy as a 100 to 150 watt The Greek word pheta slice meant turi pheta slice and light bulb. 2. The Granny Answers Brett Favr 10/10/69 Smith eds does expose an individual to the Listed 3. The Fuji Luke Perr 10/11/66 emicals inside, but it’s a small dose that Americans buy 3.6 million light bulbs every 4.day. That’s enough light bulbs to cover 3 acres of ground. up Tartaric acid above replace that many bulbs, even if they worked 12 hour shifts. Differences: 1. Campfire is missing. 2. Light is missing. e body easily detoxifies. There is 3.onlyCap is different. 4. Zipper is opened. 5. Australia 5. Arm is hidden. 6. Frying pan is missing. e reported case of fatal poisoning in erson who chewed and swallowed a ver 3 acres of ground. It would take two people more than a year to p of seeds.

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1. False. Wattage doesn't measure the amount of light, just the amount of electricity going into the bulb. Lumens measures the brightness. 2. The 2 million miles of power lines in the U.S. would stretch to the moon and back 4 times. 3. General Electric makes specialty bulbs that screw in counterclockwise instead of clockwise for use in subways. Subway light bulbs can only be used in subway sockets. 4thcurrently Quarter 2014 4. Saudi Arabia (pun) uses more Week 43 power per capita than any other nation, followed by Canada in second place, and the U.S. in third. 5. The average incandescent bulb will burn for 750 to 1000 hours. A compact fluorescent will last about ten times that long.

1. One 75-watt light bulb gives more light than three 25-watt bulbs. 2. A human being gives off as much heat and energy as a 100 to 150 watt light bulb.

It would take two people more than a year to

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