12 24 14 tidbits nj v3 issue 52 online by Russ Swart

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PAPER BASICS • Paper has been described as “70% wood and 30% chemistry.” Modern paper is made by having a log chipped, digested, refined, washed, screened, pressed, heated, and rolled. • For centuries the most popular writing surface was parchment, made from animal hides. The Egyptians used fibers from papyrus stems that were soaked, pounded, and laid in mats to dry. • In the year 105 A.D., a clerk in China pulverized rags, cooked them, then dipped a screen into the liquid and let the fibers dry. This was the method used to form paper for the next 1,500 years. Previous to this, silk had been used as a writing surface, but because of this new invention, China was able to export more silk, leading to an economic boom. • Rags were the main source of paper making fiber for centuries. The result was a thick, gray paper that was often streaked with colors from the old clothing that was used to make it. (cont'd next page)

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THE HISTORY OF PAPER (cont’d) • In 1666 in England, cotton and linen were prohibited from being used for burial shrouds in order to make them available for paper making. Wool was the only fabric that was allowed to be used for a shroud, because you cannot make paper out of wool. In the 1700s there was a shortage of rags to make paper. Nations passed laws forbidding rags to be taken out of the country. Rag smuggling became a lucrative profession. • In 1719 a Frenchman named Reaumur noticed that wasps scraped rotting logs with their legs, chewed the scrapings, and made pulp that was turned into their papery nests. The wasps preferred evergreens, which today provide most of our paper. He presented this to the Royal Academy as evidence that paper could be made from material other than rags. It took years for the knowledge to be put to use. • Paper was first manufactured in the U.S. atName the any Rittenhouse Mill, Germantown, 1. of the top five paper-producing PA, in 1690. Rittenhouse made paper countries. out of flax to linen rags. by A large printer 2. According estimates the “Wall Streetin Philadelphia bought the Journal”, what percentage of entire papers supply on file inof offices will never be looked again? Rittenhouse paper. Thisatirked Benjamin 3. No piece of paper be folded in halfpaper Franklin, who hadcan to use imported more than howprinting many times? for all of his projects. Because of 4. ThisFranklin famous inventor invented wax this, was instrumental inpaper. setting 5. The word ‘paper’ comes from the name for up 18 other paper mills in order to break this from whichpaper paper was made. theplant, Rittenhouse monopoly. He subsequently became not only America’s first major paper merchant, but also Philadelphia’s largest printer. Franklin once quipped, “Never argue with a man who buys his ink by the gallon.” • In 1800, Matthias Koop wrote and published a book called Historical account of the“Fill substances beenofused your paperwhich with thehave breathings your to describe events, and to convey ideas, from heart.” -William Wordsworth the earliest date, to the invention of paper. It was printed on paper made from straw and glued wood shavings. The book was very sturdy but very costly, and Koop soon went bankrupt. (cont’d next page) Phil Donahue Robin Gibb Corey Haim Kit Carson Isaac Newton Phil Spector Louis Pasteur

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THE HISTORY OF PAPER (cont’d) • In the 1830s and 1840s, two men on two different continents began to experiment with making paper out of pulped wood instead of pulped rags. Charles Fenerty in Canada and Friedrich Keller of Germany individually invented a machine that extracted fibers from wood and made paper from it. This started a new era for paper making. By the end of the 19th century almost all paper in the western world came from wood instead of rags. • Ruled paper was first produced by machine by John Tetlow in England in the 1770s. It was used for music paper and accounting ledgers. Before this, the rules had to be drawn by hand. • During the Civil War, there were 555 paper mills in the U.S., but only 24 were located in the South. Naval blockades caused southern newspaper offices to run out of paper so some editions were printed on wallpaper. • Next came the invention of the first practical fountain pen, the mass-produced pencil, and the steam-driven rotary printing press. With paper now cheap and widely available, books, schoolbooks, and 1. Name any ofbecame the top five paper-producing newspapers available by 1900. countries. Widespread availability of wood-based 2. According to estimates by the “Wall Street paper also thatof keeping Journal”, whatmeant percentage papers ondiaries file in offices will never be looked at again? and writing letters became common. 3. No piece of paper can be folded in half more than how many times? 4. This famous inventor was invented waxin paper. • The first cardboard made 1824. 5. The word ‘paper’ comes from the name for When people started shipping things this plant, from which paper was made.

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in cardboard, manufacturers of wooden boxes and barrels pressured railroads and insurance companies to refuse to handle or insure them, due to increased likelihood of damage. It wasn’t until 1914 that a law was passed prohibiting railroads from charging extra for handling your paper with the breathings of your goods “Fill packaged in cardboard. Today, 99% heart.” -William Wordsworth in paper at of all products are packaged some point, and about 50% of all paper used in the U.S. is used for packaging.

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The largest single component of solid waste in landfills is newspapers. Newspapers, commonly thought to be biodegradable, have been found to be in perfectly readable condition even after being buried in landfills for 30 years. If we could recycle 10% of our newspapers, we would save 25 million trees yearly. Recycling one stack of newspapers about 6 feet tall saves the life of one tree that’s 35 feet tall. Recycling approximately 1 ton of newspapers saves 17 trees.

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PAPER BAGS • In 1872, the first paper bag manufacturing machine was patented by L. C. Crowell. Paper bags had been around a long time, but they were pasted together by hand and had V-shaped bottoms. What made these paper bags so popular was that they would stand alone. When supermarkets became popular in the 1930’s, business boomed. Wanna hear a joke about paper? Nevermind, it’s tearable!

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4400 6th Street SW Cedar Rapids 319-365-8656 VENTURES IN PUBLISHING • Gutenberg spent 20 years in the 1400’s Friday & Saturday at 6:30pm perfecting the first method of printing SundayI used at 12:30pm using moveable typeof and a top press. Hepaper-producing was 1. Name any the five to own a company that made p

countries. a skilled metalworker and was familiar LARGEST SELECTION OF GREAT FOOD 2. According to estimates by the “Wall Street folded. with tools. To typeset the Bible required WE SERVE COLD BEER ! Journal”, what percentage of papers on file in 2,500 individual pieces of type for each offices will never be looked at again? $6.00 Dinner Specials page. He used parchment 3. No piece of paperbecause can be paper folded in half had not yetthan been invented, and each more how many times? YEAR’S EVE at Hawkeye Downs Gutenberg Bible required the invented skins of waxNEW 4. This famous inventor paper. Bingo 6:30pm December 31, 2014. 5. The Ink wordwas ‘paper’ comes for 300 sheep. made fromfrom pinethe name Come celebrate the NEW YEAR with Wanna hear a joke about paper? thisand plant, from paperyears was made. shavings soot. It which took three Hawkeye Downs Bingo! to produce Bibles, which had 1,284 Nevermind,the it’s tearable! pages each. He printed 200 of them, and Back by popular 1. Name any of the top five paper-producing 47 still survive. However, Gutenberg I use Demand countries. went heavily into debt to develop this Night by Game 2. AccordingGood to estimates the “Wall Street fol technique. The same year the Bibles & Bonanza Journal”, what percentage of papers on file in were completed, his financier confiscated offices will never be looked at again? 1. Name any of the top five paper-producing all his equipment andpaper used it the to breathings make I used to own a company that made paper, but it “Fill your with of your countries. 3. No piece of paper can be folded in half himself rich. Gutenberg died in poverty, heart.” -William 2. According to estimates by theWordsworth “Wall Street folded. more than how many times? yet his name on today. This word means: A type of high quality Journal”, whatlives percentage of papers on file in

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In 1967 an English publishing company was offered the chance to buy the diary of Italian Mussolini for half a 1. The averagedictator American uses how many pounds of paper and paper The products each year (including million dollars. diary was sent to a cardboard, paper towels, toilet paper, etc.)? forensic scientist. He found the diary 2. What percent of all lumber harvested goes had towards the production of paper? been written on paper containing 40% straw pulp. The diary had been written (supposedly) in 1925, but he knew that straw pulp was not made or used in Italy before 1937. The diary was a forgery.

officesWORLD’S will never be looked at again? FINEST 3. No piece of paper can be folded in half • Cartier on Fifth Avenue inmany New York more than how many times? 1. The average American uses how pounds 4. This inventor invented wax paper. at oneof famous time offered for sale handmade paper and paper products each year (including 5. Thecardboard, word ‘paper’ comes from theetc.)? name for stationery from Finland with rough edges paper towels, toilet paper, this 2. plant, from which paper was made. What percent of all lumber harvested goes

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In 1967 an English publishing company was offered the chance to buy the diary Phil Donahue 12/21/1935 of Italian dictator Mussolini for half a Phil Donahue 12/21/1935 Robin Gibb 12/22/1949 million dollars. The diary was sent to a Robin Gibb 12/22/1949 Corey Haim 12/23/1971 The largest single component forensic scientist. HeHaim found the diary hadof solid wasteAuto, Aluminum, Aluminum Cans, Corey 12/23/1971 1. The Kit Carsoncountries12/24/1809 in landfills is newspapers. Newspapers, 1. The top fiveCopper paper-producing are the U.S., and Brass Kitpaper Carson Can been written on containing 12/24/1809 40% Quarter 20 Sweden.4th The countries who Isaacand Newton 12/25/1642 commonly thought biodegradable, Canada, Finland, Japan, use t Isaac Newtonto be 12/25/1642 use the most paper are the countries with the highest Large selection of new & used auto parts straw pulp. The diary had been written liter have been found to be in perfectly readable Phil Spector 12/26/193952 literacy rates. Week Phil Spector 12/26/1939 2. The “Wall Street Journal” once estimateed that 98% of all 2. The (supposedly) 1925, but he knew that conditionin even after being buried in landfills Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur 12/27/1822 the p the papers on file in offices across the 12/27/1822 U.S. will never be looked at again. for pulp 30 years. If weorcould recycle 10% of our look straw was not made used in Italy 3. No piece of paper can be folded in half more than 7 times. 3. No p newspapers, we would save 25 million trees 4. Thomas400 Edison41st invented waxDr. paper. before 1937. The diary was a forgery. Ave. S.W., 4. Thom 5. The ancient word for papyrus, papyr, gave us our word yearly. Recycling one stack of newspapers 5. The paper. pape about 6 feet tall saves the life of one tree that’s Cedar Rapids, IA 35 feet tall. Recycling approximately 1 ton of newspapers saves 17 trees.

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In 1967 an English publishing company was offered the chance to buy the diary of Italian dictator Mussolini for half a million dollars. The diary was sent to a forensic scientist.pilgrims He found theatdiary had Rock 12/21/1620 Mayflower land Plymouth been written on paper containing 40% 12/22/1944 Battle of the Bulge, WWII straw Federal pulp. The diary had been written 12/23/1913 Reserve created 12/24/1968 Apollo 8in orbits the (supposedly) 1925, butmoon he knew that 12/25/1066 the Conqueror crowned King of England straw William pulp was not made or used in Italy 12/26/1919 Babe Ruth sold to the Yankees before 1937. The diary was a forgery.

4. This famous inventor invented wax paper. paper, thicker than parchment, that comes 5. The word ‘paper’ comes from word the name for ‘calfskin.’ from the French meaning this plant, from which paper was made. Bring this TIDBITS ad with you

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A MOMMA’S EYES

Mary and Joseph were traveling when it came time for the baby to be born. There were no rooms available as every hotel was packed. Little did they know that the decision they made was decided many years before. “Away in a manger, no crib for a bed, the little Lord Jesus laid down his sweet head. The stars in the sky looked down where he lay. The little Lord Jesus asleep in the hay.” As mom looked down and held her son do you think she realized that those little fingers were the same ones that formed the mountains and scooped out the oceans? Do you think she realized that after she counted His toes that they were the same ones that walked on streets of Gold and would soon walk on water? Do you think she realized that those little lips spoke the world into existence and would soon be the living breath of God? Do you think she realized that when she kissed her baby that she was kissing the face of God? Do you think she realized that as Jesus opened His eyes He would open the eyes of all who would catch His gaze? Thank you Mary and all the moms who birth life into existence through the life of this little baby boy. Happy Birthday Jesus!!

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“The Hometown Taste of Italy”

ld ou c u Yo be a r! ne n i w

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● In the five-year span between 1946 and 1951, television ownership in the United States jumped from 10,000 to 12 million.

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STRANGE BUT TRUE by Samantha Weaver

● You probably don’t know the name Clara Peller, but if you were watching TV in the 1980s, you would almost certainly recognize her (continued): as the “Where’s “NATIONAL” WORDS beef?”Chefs ladyknow fromwhat fast-food •theFrench: it meanschain to Wendy’s incredibly “french” a food item. It’s asuccessful verb that meansad to cut into thin like, be well,surprised french fries.to campaign. Youstrips, might (And that yes, that’s how wasn’t the finger-friendly polearn Peller an actress; tato dish took its name.) Green beans are sheanother was item a manicurist. A commercial commonly prepared in this producer manner. named Joe Sedelmaier was different whenare he easy realized •shooting Maltese:a These tiny ad spaniels to they needed a to manicurist on site, identify thanks their long, silky coats.so Thean Americanran Kennel groups assistant to aClub local beauty shop and them with other “Toy returned with Peller. As soon as she Dogs” like Pugs and greeted Sedelmaier with a gruff “How Yorkshire Terriers. yaFeline doin’?”,aficionados the producer realized that she had potential. also use the He termconvinced Wendy’s to Maltese to describe create an entire campaign around the cats that have The a si- gamble paid off; the octogenarian. milarly silky, grayrestaurant’s sales jumped by 15 percent blue coat. almost as soon as the ads began to run. • Colombian: This term means different things to different people, depending on how you ● get TV’s island wasmay created yourGilligan’s “jones.” Narcotics dealers refer in tothe an artificial laketheat theirmiddle products of as Colombian, although actual source is unknown. Luckily, theof CBS Studios inoften Hollywood. The cost majority of us prefer a bit of legal Colomconstruction was $75,000. bian, as in the coffee grown in the South American nation. The prevalence of coffee ● The time you’re at a game, shopsnext throughout America is hockey proof enough bethat suremany to watch pucks; of us out just for can’tstray get along in they the morning without a hot cup of Colombian. travel through the air at speeds of up to •100 Chinese: mph. The generic term “chinese” now represents types of food that are very differfrom is theameals that are were)in ● ent There species of (or antever found served in China. That said, the same arguAustralia and Tasmania that, in some ment could be made about what we consider cases, can kill a Hamburgers? human with single “American” food. Ice acream? sting. Hot dogs? Pizza? Our national favorites 2014 King Features Synd., Inc. seem to have(c)originated everywhere except in the United States! Information in the Tidbits® Paper is gathered from sources considered to be reliable, but the accuracy of all information cannot be guaranteed.

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Can’t Get Enough

TRILOGY III

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The End Is Near for Savings Bonds

When you live long enough, you often see old things come around again as new. Hemlines go up and down, hairstyles change. But sometimes the good stuff goes away and doesn’t come back. Like the milkman. Like doctors who made house calls. Like paper Savings Bonds. Remember when you got your first 1. The average American uses how many pounds bond? It was a tangible item you could of paper and paper products yearMaybe (including hold in your hands and each read. you paperyou towels, toiletmarried. paper, etc.)? gotcardboard, one when were Maybe 2. What of all lumber harvested goes when you didpercent the same for your children they hadthe big life events. If nothing else, towards production of paper? they were a safe place to save money. They’re gone now. The paper version of Series EE Savings Bonds is no more. January 1 marks three years since we’ve been able to buy them. You have to get on the computer and order them online (www.treasurydirect.gov). You open an account, working your way through many steps, and putting in a lot of personal information, such as your bank accounts. Your details have to be verified before you can make a bond purchase. Not surprisingly, bond sales have plummeted since the change. In 1967 an English publishing company The website lists good reasons to go was offered the can chance to all buy your the diary electronic: You see bonds online and dictator you don’t havefortohalf keep of Italian Mussolini a track of pieces of paper. You can redeem them The diary was sent to a bank and million have dollars. the money wired to your account. You can change the bond’s forensic scientist. foundthe the diary registration nameHewith clickhad of a few been keys. And,onifpaper youcontaining have paper written 40% bonds, you can convert them to electronic. pulp. The diary had been written See straw www.savingsbonds.gov for more information. (supposedly) in 1925, but he knew that Keep in mind, however, that the current straw pulp made or used in Italyis interest ratewas onnot Series EE bonds 0.10 percent. Interest on even a simple beforeaccount 1937. Theisdiary was a forgery. savings higher. P.S. -- There is hope, however. After seeing cell phones get smaller and more complicated, with smaller buttons, the more basic flip phone apparently is coming back.

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heart.” -William Wordsworth

This pape from The Perfect Christmas Present

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12/22/1944 Battle of the Bulge, WWII 12/23/1913 Federal Reserve created 12/24/1968 Apollo 8 orbits the moon 12/25/1066 William the Conqueror crowned King of England 12/26/1919 Babe Ruth sold to the Yankees 12/27/1932 Radio City Music Hall opens in New York

“Fill your paper with the breathings of your

Matilda Charles regrets that she cannot personally answer reader questions, but will incorporate them into her column whenever possible. Send email to columnreply2@gmail.com.

12/21/1620 Mayflower pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock

I use

The largest single component of solid waste in landfills is newspapers. Newspapers, commonly thought to be biodegradable, have been found to be in perfectly readable condition even after being buried in landfills for 30 years. If we could recycle 10% of our Look for puzzle answers on page 8. Do you like reading this you own business,trees consider newspapers, we paper? wouldIfsave 25 amillion all the other people reading this paper. Recycling onemarketing. stack of Rena newspapers Call yearly. me as I can help with your 930-0084 about 6 feet tall saves the life of one tree that’s 35 feet tall. Recycling approximately 1 ton of

1. The Can use liter 2. The the look 3. No 4. Tho 5. The pap

December 24th, 2014

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of Northern Johnson County

er-producing

“Wall Street pers on file in gain? ed in half

Total buyer potential is over $9,000,000

WE HAVE OVER 462 PROVEN BOATS / PERSONAL WATERCRAFT BUYERS READY TO BUY... I used to own a company that made paper, but it folded.

d wax paper. the name for s made.

hings of your

LUMEVL

This word means: A type of high quality paper, thicker than parchment, that comes from the French word meaning ‘calfskin.’

12/21/1935 12/22/1949 12/23/1971 12/24/1809 12/25/1642 12/26/1939 12/27/1822

1. The top five paper-producing countries are the U.S., Canada, Finland, Japan, and Sweden. The countries who use the most paper are the countries with the highest literacy rates. 2. The “Wall Street Journal” once estimateed that 98% of all the papers on file in offices across the U.S. will never be looked at again. 3. No piece of paper can be folded in half more than 7 times. MOMENTS IN TIME 4. Thomas Edison invented wax paper. The 5. The ancient word for papyrus, papyr, gave us our word History Channel paper.

ecent circulation audit and survey information from circulation verification council has revealed that 462 people who read the Tidbits of Northern Johnson County plan to buy a boat or watercrafts in the next 12 months. That’s real buyers. Buyers you can have by having your ad message in the Tidbits of Northern Johnson County. So act now! Call our sales representative now. We will show you how to get your share of this valuable buying potential.

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● On Dec. 29, 1170, Archbishop Thomas ● On Dec. 30, 1936, in one of the first sitBecket is murdered in Canterbury down strikes in the United States, auto Cathedral by four knights on orders of workers occupy the General Motors Fisher King Henry II of England. The Christian Body Plant in Flint, Michigan. In all, the world was by Becket’s death, and strike lasted 44 days. Among other things, What did the mayo say when someone openedshocked the refrigerator door? in 1173 he was canonized a Catholic saint.How canthe 1. True or false: The more items you have in you tellworkers if an elephant has been in your given a 5 percent raise. were Close the door, I’m dressing! your fridge, the more efficient it is. refrigerator? There are footprints in the butter! In 1174, Henry was forced to doto keep penance 2. What is the ideal temperature your lid waste refrigerator set to? at his tomb. 3. 90% of refrigerators in America are one of papers, these two colors. ● On Jan. 1, 1942, President Franklin 4. What is the average life expectancy of a 4th Quarter 2014 adable, typical refrigerator? 5. In 2004, Olaf invented a pocket1879, inDiegel the first public D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister y readable ● On Dec. 31, Week sized refrigerator. What is it used for? 52 . How much of the cold air in a fridge escapes demonstration of his incandescent light Winston Churchill issued a declaration, when you open the door? in landfills . How many times a day does the average inventor Thomas Alva Edison lights signed by representatives of 26 countries, American refrigerator door? 10% ofopen ourthebulb, called the “United Nations.” The signatories million trees up a street in Menlo Park, New Jersey. “If it weren’t for the fact that the TV set and The Pennsylvania Railroad Company ran vowed to create an international postwar the refrigerator are so far apart, some of us ewspapers N E E N I T I S organization. wouldn’t get any exercise at all.” special trains to Menlo Park in response to peacekeeping –Joey Adams This genius also one tree that’s invented an improved design for public enthusiasm over the event. (c)the2012 King Features Synd., Inc. refrigerator. ately 1 ton of This word means:

ANSWERS

The world’s largest refrigerator is a 17 mile long (27 km) cryogenic distribution line on the Franco-Swiss border west of Geneva. It was built for use in the LHC tunnel (Large Hadron Collider project), a particle accelerator that enables scientists to recreate the conditions in the universe just after the Big Bang.

Harry Chapin

12/7/1942

Mary Queen of Scots 12/8/1542 Clarence Birdseye

12/9/1886

1. The five more top efficient it is.paper-producing countries 2. The ideal for a fridge is 40 f. (4.4 C). are the temperature U.S., Canada, Finland, Japan, Frank Sinatra 12/12/1915 3. 90% Sweden. of refrigerators in America are either whiteuse or the and The countries who Mary Todd Lincoln 12/13/1818 almond. most paper are theofcountries with the 1. The average American uses about 800 lbs (354 4. The average life expectancy a fridge is 14 years. 5. The pocket-size fridgerates. is used for carrying insulin on highest literacy kg) of paper and paper products each year. trips. 2. The "Wall Street Journal" once The Greek word pheta slice turi pheta slice and 2. 35 to 40% of all lumber harvested goes towards estimated that 98%meant of all the papers on Greek word pheta slice meant turi pheta slice and file in offices acrossThethe U.S. will never the production of paper. be looked at again. 3. No piece of paper can be folded in half more than 7 times. Homes in the U.S. contain about 44.5 million 4. Thomas Edison invented wax paper. 2/7/1869 Jesse James 1st bank robbery Differences: 1. Chairfridges back that is lower. Hand moved. are over2.10 yearsisold. Many 2/8/1980 John Lennon shot 5. The ancient for 2014 papyrus, papyr, 4thword Quarter is smaller. 4. Exit sign is missing. 2/9/2008 Rod Blagojevich arrested3. forMustache selling these units serve as secondary units to a gave us our word50 paper. 5. Ribbon is missing.of 6. Bead is missing. bama’s senate seat Week

2/10/1817 2/11/2008 aud 2/12/1911 ndia 2/13/1903

Emily Dickinson

12/10/1830

Teri Garr

12/11/1947

1. TRUE: The more items you have in your fridge, the

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Mississippi becomes 20th state Bernard Madoff arrested for securities

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up 9.2 million homes for a ficials insisted that only parchmentenergy wasto light good enough. This year.

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2. The average American opens the refrigerator 22 times a day.

Cleaning the condenser coils regularly is a simple thing you can do to keep your refrigerator running efficiently. The condenser coils are where heat is expelled from the refrigerator to the outside air. Look for the condenser coils either up and down the back of your refrigerator or front to back beneath it.

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