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... you NEED to Answer!
Is it better to go pocketless when wearing short short blue jeans?
TIDBITS® TRIES ON SOME by Kathy Wolfe
Pull up your britches and read what Tidbits has in store for you on the history of everyone’s favorite garb! • The word “jeans” has become synonymous with “Levi’s,” but Levi Strauss wasn’t the first to market these pants. Jean fabric can be traced back to Genoa, Italy and Nimes, Frances. Clear back in the 17th century, a sturdy fabric partly composed of wool was called “serge de Nimes,” which accounts for our term “denim.” Another linen/wool blend was popular in Genoa, which may be the reason for the word “jeans,” since “Genes” is the French word for Genoa. Both were generally used for work clothes and overalls. Genoese sailors also used jean fabric as a cover to protect merchandise on the docks from damp weather, as well as for their work pants. The fabric was dyed blue with indigo harvested from plantations in India. • In 1846, 18-year-old Loeb Strauss left his native Bavaria, Germany to join his older brothers in New York, where they operated a dry goods store. Four years later, with the California gold rush in full swing, Loeb, now Levi, moved to San Francisco to start up his own business, supplying the miners with durable clothing. turn the page for more!
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STRANGE BUT TRUE by Samantha Weaver
BLUE JEANS (continued):
• Strauss used his stock of brown cotton tent canvas to produce plain trousers, with no belt loops or back pockets, just a cinch belt in the back to hold them up. The pants were sewn in San Francisco, in a combination of factory and home sewing production. The overalls proved to hold up against the rough life of miners, farmers, and cattlemen, and Strauss’ business thrived. • In 1872, Strauss received a letter from one of his customers, a Nevada tailor named Jacob Davis. Davis wrote of the method he used to make trousers stronger by using metal rivets at the points of strain, such as pocket corners and the base of the fly. Davis wanted to obtain a patent for the process, but needed a business partner to finance his idea. He sought out Strauss as a partner, Strauss agreed, and in 1873, the pair were awarded Patent #139,121 for their riveted pants. • Manufacturing began on the copperriveted “waist overalls,” the name given to the trousers. The brown cotton canvas pants were continued, and Strauss added denim, having it dyed an indigo blue, obtaining his fabric from Manchester, New Hampshire’s Amoskeag Mill. • During the 1880’s, additions to the overalls included their trademark orange stitching, the little front “watch pocket,” and a leather patch with an illustration of two horses sewn on the back waistband. Because the patent on riveted clothing was due to run out in 1890 (after which any company could manufacture them), Strauss wanted a memorable trademark on his product that would distinguish his from others. The leather patch accomplished this, and his original jeans were often called the “Two Horse” brand until the word “Levi’s” was registered as a trademark in 1928. Cont'd next page!
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● Everybody is afraid of something,
right? And whatever the fear, there’s doubtless a name for it. For example, erythrophones are afraid of blushing, peccatophobes are afraid of sinning, and aichmophobes are afraid of needles. If you’re afraid of going insane, you’re lyssophobic; if it’s disease that frightens you, you’re nosophobic; cremnophobia is a fear or precipices. There’s even a word to describe the fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of your mouth: arachibutyrophobia. And finally, you may at this point be suffering from sesquipedalophobia -- the fear of long words.
● Alcoholic beverages are pretty
widespread across cultures. There’s even a recipe for Eskimo wine: “Put a seagull in a bottle. Fill with water. Let it ferment in the sun.”
●Thought for the Day: “We’re in the
same tent as the clowns and the freaks -- that’s show business.” - Edward R.Inc.Murrow (c) 2016 King Features Synd.,
(c) 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.
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(c) 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.
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BLUE JEANS (continued):
• The weight of the denim in the original riveted, button-fly pants was called 01-weight. When lot numbers were assigned to the various products, these pants became known as 501’s, the name still in use today. The less-expensive version were known as 201’s. • The early 1900’s brought changes to the jeans industry. Strauss added two back pockets to his overalls in 1901. In 1902, Levi Strauss died at the age of 73, and bequeathed his company to his nephews. (Strauss’ descendants still run the company today.) The April, 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire completely destroyed the headquarters and factories of the company. By November of that year, a new factory had opened. In 1911, the company phased out the cotton duck canvas overalls entirely, offering only the blue denim variety. • Belt loops weren’t added until 1922; however, the suspender buttons were left on, along with the cinch on the back of the waist. That little red tab on the right back pocket was first used in 1936, a folded red ribbon with the word “Levi’s” stitched in white, and sewn into the seam of the 501’s pocket. Zippers were used for the first time in Levi’s in 1954. Clear until 1960, the Strauss Company continued to call the 501’s “waist overalls” rather than “jeans.” • Levi’s 501’s gained in popularity when actor John Wayne wore them in the 1939 western film “Stagecoach.” • In 1946, another brand of jeans specifically for cowboys and rodeo wear came on the scene. Wrangler tailors designed their jeans for in-saddle comfort, and with rivets placed so as not to scratch the saddle. Their ad campaigns featured pictures of rodeo legends and cowboys in the saddle. Cont'd next page!
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Levi Strauss wasn’t just a jeans maker. He was also the treasurer of the San Francisco Board of Trade, and a director of the Nevada Bank, the Globe Insurance Company, and the San Francisco Gas and Electric Company. He provided funds for 28 scholarships at the University of California, Berkeley, which still exist today. When he died in 1902, his estate amounted to almost $6 million.
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BLUE JEANS
(continued):
• During the 1950’s, wearing jeans became a symbol of teen rebellion, with film stars such as James Dean popularizing them in the 1955 film “Rebel Without a Cause” and Marlon Brando wearing them in 1953’s “The Wild One.” Some theaters, restaurants, and schools even banned the wearing of jeans. In 1951, crooner Bing Crosby, who loved his Levi’s, wore them on a hunting trip to Canada, and was refused a room at a Vancouver hotel, since they were considered low-class. The Strauss Company responded by custom-tailoring a denim tuxedo for the singer. As the years wore on, jeans became more acceptable, and became the norm for casual wear. • The 1960s brought bell-bottom jeans, Strauss’ first pre-shrunk jeans, and the very first television commercial for Levi’s jeans. • Designer jeans were launched in the 1970s, with Calvin Klein, Gloria Vanderbilt, Ralph Lauren, and Jordache leading the pack. Distressed jeans came into high demand in the 1980s, with worn, faded, and “stone-wash” jeans commanding up to $200 a pair. Various chemicals, special dyeing methods, sandblasting, and adding pumice stone to the washing process produces the worn, vintage look. Stains, tears, and repairs add to the appeal of distressed jeans. • Hundreds of songs have been written about blue jeans over the years, including “Angel in Blue Jeans,” “Devil in Blue Jeans,” “Forever in Blue Jeans,” and “Venus in Blue Jeans.” • In 1993, the Strauss company sponsored a contest to find the oldest pair of Levi’s in America. Named the “Send Them Home Search,” the challenge generated a winning pair dating to the late 1920s. • The average American owns seven pairs of jeans.
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Where’s the best place to retire? In your state or hometown, or right where you are? The answer might not even be in the United States. The 2015 Global AgeWatch Index is an eye-opener. First on the list is Switzerland as the best place for older people to live. It was followed by Norway, Sweden and Germany. So where on the list is the United States? Number nine, right behind Iceland and Japan. Some of the typical warm-weather retiree countries ranked as followed: Spain (25), Costa Rica (28) and Thailand (34). Each country was ranked on 13 areas, consolidated into four key points: enabling environments, income security, health status and personal capability. Yet the whole story about a country might depend on which list you “NATIONAL” WORDS (continued): read. For example, while the Global • French: Chefs know what it means to AgeWatch Index ranks Australia at No. “french” a food item. It’s a verb that means 17,toanother less-scientific study ranks cut into thin strips, like, well, french fries. it in fifth place. And the Costa Rica (And yes, that’s how the finger-friendly in potatoplace dish becomes took its name.) Green beansinare 28th the No. 1 spot anotherlist. item commonly prepared in this another manner. If you’re searching online for • Maltese: These tiny spaniels are easy to information about retirement locations, 1/2 identify thanks to their long, silky coats. The beware. Consider the source of the American Kennel Club groups information. them with Read other the “Toyfine print. If kudos go to a country because it has an Dogs” like Pugs and easy visa and residency process, that Yorkshire Terriers. Feline aficionados doesn’t tell you what it will be like once the term youalso liveuse there. Maltese to describe Ifcats a “study” was written by an that have a siinvestment company milarly silky, gray- telling you what your bluelikely coat. monthly costs will be, that’s fine, but it doesn’t tellmeans you different about the • Colombian: This term things quality of life and health care. to different people, depending on Panama, how you get your dealers may refer coming in“jones.” at No. Narcotics 20 on the AgeWatch to their products Colombian, althoughlist the Index, gets high as marks on another actual source is often unknown. Luckily, the because those who can prove a $1,000 majority of us prefer a bit of legal Colommonthly are given on bian, asincome in the coffee growndiscounts in the South entertainment and phone bills. American nation. The prevalence of coffee For more information shops throughout Americaonis the proof enough that manyIndex, of us just getto: along in the AgeWatch go can’t online PROVIDE NEW FACES FOR EXISTING DOUBLE FACE PYLON CABINET FACES WHITE POLYCARBONATE WITH HANGER BARS AND APPLIED TRANSLUSCENT VINYL GRAPHICS.
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• Chinese: The generic term “chinese” now represents types ofInc. food that are very differ(c) 2017 King Features Synd., ent from the meals that are (or ever were) served China.this That said, the same arguDo you like in reading paper? ment could be made about we other consider If you own a business, considerwhat all the “American” food. Hamburgers? Ice cream? people reading this paper. Hot dogs? Pizza? Our national favorites Call seem me astoI can with your marketing.except havehelp originated everywhere Renain930-0084 the United States! Information in the Tidbits® Paper is gathered from sources considered to be reliable, but the accuracy of all information cannot be guaranteed.
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INDIGO
What makes our blue jeans blue? Follow along as Tidbits investigates the indigo plant and the blue dye obtained from it. • The indigo plant is a member of the legume family, with more than 300 species identified. Just two of these 300+ are used in the production of indigo dye. The plants, anywhere from 2 feet to 6 feet tall, have a single woody stem, with oval dark-green leaves and clusters of red flowers resembling butterflies. The dye comes from fermentation of the leaves. • Use of indigo dye dates back to ancient times, with Egyptian mummies from 2400 B.C. found wrapped in linen with deep blue stripes. A cuneiform clay tablet from 600 B.C. containing a recipe for dyeing wool was found in Mesopotamia. Explorer Marco Polo brought word of indigo back to Europe after his late 13thcentury travels. It was about that time, in 1289, that the first known recorded use of the word indigo as a color in the English language was made. • The plant gets its name from the Greek word “indikon” and the Roman term “indicum,” both of which translate “a product of India,” where at least 50 different species of indigo are grown. • The process of extracting the dye from the plant leaves and converting to indigo has been the same for thousands of years. Tanks are arranged in a step-like layout. Freshly-cut plant leaves are placed in to top-most tank and an enzyme is added to break down and ferment the leaves. Fourteen hours later, the resulting liquid is drained into the next tank and stirred with large paddles to mix it with air. • The dye settles to the bottom of the tank, while the liquid is drained off. The remaining dye is heated to stop further fermentation, then filtered, and dried to a thick paste that can be formed into cakes. • In ancient times, indigo was considered a luxury item and was so valuable, the cakes were used as currency. • As demand for indigo increased throughout Europe in the 1600s, the supplies in India were not enough, and the plant was cultivated in the New World, with Spanish explorers bringing indigo to Central America (particularly El Salvador and Honduras), Jamaica, and the Virgin Islands. • It takes a lot of leaves to produce a small amount of dye, but not a lot of dye to color jeans, only a few grams for each pair. • When Levi Strauss’ denim jeans became popular, indigo production could not keep up with the demand. Chemists set to work researching a synthetic method to produce the dye. In 1883, a German chemist named Adolf von Baeyer developed a process to produce indigo, leading to a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery. • Today, most denim is dyed with synthetic indigo, with about 20,000 tons produced every year for jeans. Cotton and linen threads are soaked and dried in dye 15 to 20 times to achieve the hue. Silk threads are dyed more than 40 times. The color can be deepened by drying in the sun. • In the color spectrum, indigo is one of the seven colors of the rainbow, located in the spectrum between 420 and 450 nanometers in wavelength.
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UNUSUAL PIES
January 23 is National Pie Day, a fitting time to check out various types of unusual pies. • Grasshopper pie might not be too appetizing if you take its name literally. In the original version of this pie, a favorite in the Philippines, real grasshoppers are used, but that’s nothing like the North American version. It’s a recipe that’s been around since the 1950s, and features green crème de menthe liqueur and whipped cream. The liqueur lends its bright green color to the confection, resulting in the name. It’s usually made with a chocolate cookie crust. • You can’t guess the ingredients of Shoofly Pie from its name. This sweet treat has its origins in the 1700s and comes to us from the Amish and Pennsylvania Dutch. As these settlers sailed to North America, they brought non-perishables that could endure a long boat trip, including brown sugar, molasses, lard, and spices. Shoofly is a sweet coffeecake-like treat with a molasses crust and topped with whipped cream. It’s believed it got its name from the sweet molasses odor attracting flies that must be “shooed” away. • Funeral pie doesn’t sound very appetizing, but pay no heed to the weird name. It’s another delicious Amish pie consisting of raisins, cinnamon, and allspice. It received its name because it was usually given to comfort a grieving family in the loss of their loved ones. But it’s not just served at funerals, you can also sample the goodness at a wedding celebration. • Banoffee pie shouldn’t be too hard to figure out. It’s an English dessert pie invented in East Sussex, England in 1971, and combines bananas, cream, and toffee. Variations include the addition of chocolate or coffee or both. • Chess pie has nothing to do with that strategic board game. It’s a pie common in America’s South, with its filling a mixture of eggs, sugar, butter, flour, and corn meal. As far as the origin of its name, most probably it’s because the English lemon curd filling is very similar to lemon chess pie, and the word “chess” might be an Americanization of that term. Recipes for this pie date back to the mid-1860s. • Mincemeat pie, often served at Thanksgiving and Christmas, has been a dish served since the 13th century. Its recipe calls for a variety of fruits, including apples, raisins, currants, and cherries, along with beef suet, which is raw beef fat, and a mixture of several spices, such as cloves, allspice, cinnamon, and nutmeg. Some folks add venison meat to the recipe, along with beef broth, apple cider, or brandy. If you’re not feeling up to making it from scratch, jars of prepared mincemeat pie filling are readily available. • You should be able to guess where Derby Pie got its start. This chocolate and walnut tart in a pastry crust was created in 1950 at Prospect, Kentucky’s Melrose Inn, and is often associated with the Kentucky Derby. Other additions include pecans and Kentucky bourbon. • What in the world is a bumbleberry? Well, there is no such berry, but a bumbleberry pie is the name given to one made with blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries.
January 25th, 2017
Page 7
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Ads can be any height.
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Discover hidden treasures at low prices at Potentially Yours thrift store of Iowa City. We carry clothing, housewares, furniture, collectibles and much more. Tax receipts for donations are provided. Shopping at our store helps provide support to adults with disabilities.
RESTAURANTS
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CLASSIFIEDS WORK!
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are 3 kinds of people in this world….those can count and those who can’t. 1. What name was given to the 1959 Cadillac driven by the Ghostbusters? A dog with three legs walks into a saloon in 2. What three inalienable rights are mentioned in the Old West. He hobbles up to the bar and the U.S. Declaration of Independence? announces: 3. Name Columbus’ three vessels that sailed to the “I’m looking for the man who shot my paw.” MOMENTS IN TIME The History Channel New World in 1492. 4. Name the three good fairies in Disney’s 1959 ● On Jan. 19, 1809, author Edgar Allan film SleepingBy Beauty.the time he Poe is born in Boston. ● On Jan. 18, 1912, after a two-month 5. What are the occupations the Three Men in a was 3 years old, Tub? Poe’s parents had died, ordeal, the expedition of British explorer
leaving him in the care of his godfather, Name Peter Rabbit’s three siblings. John Allan. What animals attempted to cross a Allan eventually disowned dge guarded by Poe a troll? for gambling debts. (c) 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.
Robert Falcon Scott arrives at the South Pole only to find that Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen had preceded them by just over a month.
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● On Jan. 24, 1972, after 28 years of hiding in the jungles of Guam, farmers discover Shoichi Yokoi, a Japanese sergeant who was unaware that World War II had ended. Yokoi had gone into hiding rather than surrender to the Americans.
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937, Disney Studios debuted Donald uck’s three nephews, Huey, Dewey, Ashton Kutcher 2/7/78 nd Louie. The young ducklings Nick Nolte 2/8/41 Quiz Bits ere named for Huey Long, Thomas Answers Travis Tritt 2/9/63 ewey, and a Disney animator, Louis Emma Roberts 2/10/91 chmitt. Can you tell them1. apart?Wrangler Brandy 2/11/79 uey’s shirt and baseball cap red, San Francisco Josh Brolin49er's 2/12/68 2. areThe ewey’s are blue, and Louie wears Kim Novak 2/13/33 een.
HOCUS-FOCUS
Differences: 1. Cloud is smaller. 2. Hat is smaller. 3. Button strip is missing. 4. Shovel is smaller. 5. Balloon is missing. 6. Scarf is shorter.
Oklahoma Statehood Day Boy Scouts Day Beatles’ First U.S. Appearance, 1964 Read in the Bathtub Day White Shirt Day Lincoln’s Birthday World Radio Day
1. Ectomobile
1. Gucci 2. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness 3. The Nina, The Pinta and the Santa Maria 2. Gloria Vanderbilt 4. Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather 3. Jewel 5. Butcher, baker, and candlestick maker 4. Brook Shields 5. "Tiny Dancer"
Would you like to get the most of your stovetop? Use copperbottomed pots and pans because they use heat more efficiently. Use tight-fitting covers to shorten the cooking time and save energy. Match your pot size to the burner -heat is lost when small pots are used
1st Quarter 2016 Week 7