Tidbits of Northern Johnson County, Ia by Russ Swart

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Readers Weekly Readers Weekly Nationwide! Nationwide! April 16th 2013

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On the morning of her birthday, a woman said to her husband, “I just dreamed that you gave me a beautiful diamond necklace. What do you think that means?” He answered with a grin, “You’ll know tonight!” That evening he presented her with a small wrapped package, which she excitedly opened only to ﬁnd a book entitled the Meaning of Dreams.

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TIDBITS® SPARKLES WITH by Kathy Wolfe “Diamonds are a girl’s best friend.” “Diamonds are forever.” “Diamonds in the rough.” Whatever you say about these precious gems, you can’t deny they are desirable! Tidbits has all the dirt on diamonds this week – read along and see! • The word “diamond” has its origins in the Greek language from the word Adamas, which translates “unconquerable and indestructible.” The Greeks believed them to be splinters of stars that had fallen to Earth and believed diamonds promoted strength, invincibility, and courage to those who wore them. • Ranked as the hardest natural substance on Earth, diamonds are composed entirely of carbon, the only gemstones composed of just one element. They are formed at high temperatures under intense pressure 87 to 120 miles within the Earth’s mantle over billions of years. A volcanic eruption can often bring diamonds to the Earth’s surface. Although there are synthetic “diamonds,” there is no man-made way to reproduce the tremendous heat and pressure found deep within the Earth that creates diamonds. Millionaire publisher Malcolm Forbes had this to say about diamonds – “Diamonds are nothing more than chunks of coal that stuck to their jobs.” turn the page for more!

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(continued): • Although diamonds are 58 times harder than the next hardest mineral on Earth, they are quite brittle and can be shattered by the single blow of a hammer. And if a diamond is placed in an oven at a temperature of 1405° F, it will disappear without leaving so much as an ash behind. • About 250 tons of earth must be mined to produce a single one-carat diamond. Over 130,000,000 carats weighing 57,000 lbs. of diamonds are mined every year – a value of about $9 billion. • Of all the diamonds to be found on Earth, only 20% of them are suitable for jewelry. The majority of diamonds are used for industrial drilling, grinding, cutting, and polishing tools. Diamonds are embedded into drill bits for drilling oil and gas wells through thousands of feet of rock. • Diamonds were first discovered in India, but most diamond deposits are found in Africa and Russia. There are significant deposits in Brazil, Australia, and Canada, and in a few U.S. states, Arkansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. There’s only one mine in the world where you can be a miner, located at Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas, a 37.5-acre ancient volcanic crater. For $7, you can mine all day and keep anything you find. In 1990, one lucky park visitor found a diamond weighing 3.03 carats in the rough. After cutting, the gem was a perfect 1.09 carat. Don’t get your hopes up, however – gemologists estimate this was a one in a billion occurrence.

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• Although less than 1% of diamonds are mined in the U.S., America buys more than half of the world’s total production of quality gems.

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Tidbits® - It is OK to take this paper home with you to share with others when there are plenty available-

Hawkeye Publishing, L.L.C. www.tidbitpapers.com For Advertising E-mail: sales@tidbitpapers.com or Call (319) 390-3564 STRANGE BUT TRUE by Samantha Weaver

● It was pioneering British director of suspense films Alfred Hitchcock who made the following sage observation: “The length of a film should be directly related to the endurance of the human bladder.” ● If you’re an arachnophobe, you probably don’t want to know that a tarantula can live for up to two years without eating a single thing. ● If you’re like the average American man with a job, you spend 8 minutes per day cooking. If you’re like the average American woman who works, you spend 50 minutes a day preparing meals. ● There are four times more astrologers than astronomers in the United States. ● In the 1979 gubernatorial election in Louisiana, a man named Luther Knox was fed up with the candidates on the ballot. In order to give like-minded Louisianans an option, he ran for the office himself -- after legally changing his name to “None of the Above.” ● You might be surprised to learn that rock star Elvis Presley’s idol was General Douglas MacArthur. Thought for the Day: “The hardest thing in the world to understand is income taxes.” -- Albert Einstein (c) 2013 King Features Synd., Inc.

Look for puzzle answers on page 8.

(continued): • A diamond’s value is based on the “Four C’s” – carat weight, clarity, color, and cut. A diamond’s carat is not the same as that of gold. Pure gold is considered 24 carats, while one diamond carat is 0.007055 oz. . Not all diamonds are clear. The presence of impurities causes the gems to vary in color, as can heat or irradiation. Nitrogen in a stone produces a yellow color, while irradiation might produce green. Blue, red, brown, pink, orange, and even black might result from the presence of both irradiation and heat. Clear diamonds are the highest grade and value. • Diamonds lose about 50% of their original weight during the cutting and polishing process, changing a rough stone into a faceted gem. One diamond weighing two carats is worth double that of two one-carat diamonds. About 75% of all diamonds sold worldwide are round cut. Other popular cuts include the football-shaped marquise, the pear cut (which are rounded on one end with a tapering point on the other), and the emerald cut, a rectangular shape with cropped corners. • Although blue, green, and pink diamonds are extremely rare, they are not the rarest gems. That honor belongs to the pure red ruby. Diamonds themselves aren’t actually rare at all, with thousands mined every year. • The world’s largest diamond was found in South Africa in 1905. Dubbed the Cullinan, it weighed 3106.75 carats uncut, three times the size of the next largest diamond, the Excelsior, also found in South Africa. The Cullinan was cut into the 530-carat Great Star of Africa and the 317-carat Lesser Star of Africa, along with 104 other diamonds of flawless color and clarity. Today they are all part of the British crown jewels.

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April 16th 2013

Hawkeye Publishing, L.L.C. www.tidbitpapers.com For Advertising E-mail: sales@tidbitpapers.com or Call (319) 390-3564 (continued): • The legendary Hope Diamond is a 45.52-carat deep blue stone famous for a supposed curse upon its owners. Its blue color is attributed to trace amounts of boron and nitrogen within its composition. When exposed to ultraviolet light, it produces a red phosphorescence, a “glowin-the-dark” effect. The curse alleges that the gem brings tragedy to all who own it or wear it, but it’s likely that the stories were fabricated to heighten the diamond’s mystery and consequently, its value. However, legend has it that two owners committed suicide, another was killed by Russian revolutionists, one murdered by her sweetheart, and another thrown from a precipice. At one point, the gem was in the possession of Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, who were guillotined. It’s believed that the Hope Diamond came from a mine in India, and was brought to Paris by a French gem merchant. It currently resides in the Smithsonian Institute, donated by diamond merchant Harry Winston in 1958. The irreplaceable gem is reportedly insured for $250 million. It’s displayed behind a 3-inch-thick bulletproof glass in its own display room. • It’s become traditional to present one’s intended with a diamond when proposing marriage. This dates back to 1477 when Archduke Maximillian of Austria gifted Mary of Burgundy with a diamond upon their engagement. It’s also customary to wear engagement and wedding rings on the third finger of the left hand. This is because the ancient Egyptians believed that particular finger’s vein ran straight to the heart.

What did the ruby say to the diamond? You’re so clear you make me blush!

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GENERAL/FAMILY TEAM CO-CHAIRS Margalea Warner

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Why did Iowa get a D on NAMI National’s 2009 Report Card on the States (improved from an F on the 2006 Report Card)? Check it out at www.nami.org, click on “Grading the States”.

“NATIONAL” WORDS (continued): • French: Chefs know what it means to “french” a food item. It’s a verb that means to cut into thin strips, like, well, french fries. yes, Page(And 6 E n t that’s e r t h ehow w e the e k l finger-friendly y d r a w i n g s apot w w w. t i d b i t papers. c o m for a chance to win free gift certificates! tato dish took its name.) Green beans are Hawkeye Publishing, L.L.C. www.tidbitpapers.com For Advertising E-mail: sales@tidbitpapers.com or another item commonly prepared in this manner. • Maltese: These tiny spaniels are easy to identify thanks to their long, silky coats. The American Kennel Club groups them with other “Toy Dogs” like Pugs and Yorkshire Terriers. Feline aficionados also use the term Maltese to describe cats that have a similarly silky, grayblue coat. • Colombian: This term means different things to different people, depending on how you get your “jones.” Narcotics dealers may refer to their products as Colombian, although the actual source is often unknown. Luckily, the majority of us prefer a bit of legal Colombian, as in the coffee grown in the South American nation. The prevalence of coffee Who is “General Failure” shops throughout Americamy is hard proofdisk? enough and why is he reading that many of us just can’t get along in the morning without a hot cup of Colombian. • Chinese: The generic term “chinese” now represents types of food that are very different from the meals that are (or ever were) served in China. That said, the same argument could be made about what we consider “American” food. Hamburgers? Ice cream? Hot dogs? Pizza? Our national favorites seem to have originated everywhere except in the United States! Information in the Tidbits® Paper is gathered from sources considered to be reliable, but the accuracy of all information cannot be guaranteed.

Can’t Get Enough

TRILOGY III

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In a Bad Mood? Skip Junk Food

An interesting study from the University of Pennsylvania shows that eating “comfort food” to help a bad mood actually can worsen the mood that the food was supposed to alleviate. In a paper presented recently at the American Psychosomatic Society conference in Miami, researchers revealed that positive moods didn’t change one way or the other before or after eating comfort or junk food, but negative moods were made worse. While the study wasn’t about seniors, and they used women participants who were much younger, the way they conducted the study makes me believe it easily could apply to seniors. Instead of having subjects appear at the clinic once a week to report on what they’d eaten and how they felt, they were equipped with handheld computers to input their moods and foods multiple times per day, especially just before and after eating. In a study last year in the Public Health Nutrition journal, researchers revealed that people who ate junk or comfort food were more likely to be depressed -- by 51 percent. The more junk food, the more depression. One of the biggest concerns about seniors and junk food (and fast food is included) is that many of us have smaller appetites than before. Maybe it’s because food doesn’t taste like it did, or maybe a medication we’re on has reduced our appetite. Many seniors are at risk for malnutrition even if we’re never hungry, because the types of food we eat don’t support good nutrition. If we turn to junk food, we might not have enough appetite left to eat the foods we should. And if we eat to help a bad mood, we could be making it worse. Matilda Charles regrets that she cannot personally answer reader questions, but will incorporate them into her column whenever possible. Write to her in care of King Features Weekly Service, P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475, or send e-mail to columnreply@gmail.com. (c) 2013 King Features Synd., Inc.

Happy National Library Week! Since 1958, we’ve observed this tribute established by the American Library Association. Here are some “book bits” for readers to chew on during this commemorative week. • The word “library” has its origins in the Latin, the word liber meaning “book.” Humans have long recognized the need for an organized archive of history. The earliest libraries dating back to 2600 BC included papyrus scrolls and clay tablets written in cuneiform script. There was even a library classification system as early as 700 BC. • As French settlers made their way to North America in the 1500s, they brought their personal book collections with them. The first non-personal library was established in Quebec City in 1635 at the Jesuit College. Three years later, clergyman John Harvard bequeathed his 400-volume library and half of his estate to the College at New Towne. The college was renamed Harvard College in his honor, and the library’s meager beginnings have grown into the largest academic library and third largest library overall in the United States, with close to 17 million volumes. •

In the 17th and 18th centuries, as the quantity of books increased with the advent of printing, there was a considerable increase in the interest of libraries. In 1731, Benjamin Franklin introduced the idea of a “subscription library,” one that shared books among members of a literary society. People could join by purchasing “stock” in the organization, and books were lent only to members.

•

The Bodleian Library, the main research center for the University of Oxford, was established in 1602. By 1914, the total number of books in its collections had already passed the one million mark.

• America’s first actual public library was the Boston Public Library which opened its doors in 1854. Today it’s the second largest library in the U.S., second only to the U.S. Library of Congress. Established in 1800, the Library of Congress is the nation’s largest library. Originally housed in the Capitol building, its 30,000 volumes were completely destroyed in August, 1814 when British troops set fire to the Capitol during the War of 1812. Former president Thomas Jefferson immediately offered his personal library of 6,487 books (which he had spent 50 years collecting) for sale as a replacement, and Congress appropriated $23,950 for the purchase. • Educator and Columbia University librarian Melvil Dewey copyrighted his decimal classification system for books in 1876, a system still used by most libraries. Each category, for example “Philosophy and Psychology,” is assigned a number, which is then divided into subcategories in increments of 10. • Steel magnate Andrew Carnegie gave millions of dollars to fund more than 2,500 libraries in 47. U.S. states, 7 Canadian provinces, the U.K., Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and the West Indies. Carnegie required that the local communities provide the land and a budget for operation. At the time of his death, Carnegie had already donated $351 million of his fortune – that’s $4.8 billion in today’s money. • There are close to 122,000 public and academic libraries in America, with about 8% of that number public libraries. Nearly 170 million Americans are registered borrowers, and they make about 1.6 billion trips to the library each year.

April 16th 2013

Page 7

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Hawkeye Publishing L.L.C. considers it’s advertisers reliable and veriﬁes as much data as possible. Consequently, readers using this information do so at their own risk. It is suggested that the investors contact the appropriate consumer agency before sending payment. Although persons and companies ® mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither Tidbits of Linn county publication, Hawkeye Publishing L.L.C., The Nations Online Listings nor any of it’s employees accept any responsibility whatsoever for their actions. For more information about credit scams and advanced fee loans write: FTS Washington, DC 20580

WORK BETTER

WITH COLOR

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-Tidbits® The paper that readers of all ages can enjoy-

April 16th 2013

e Av

Hawkeye Publishing, L.L.C. www.tidbitpapers.com For Advertising E-mail: sales@tidbitpapers.com or Call (319) 390-3564

Diagonal

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amonds sold

e another fed “Diamonds

y one person Who was it? hrase “A dia-

303 8th Ave S.E. Cedar Rapids, IA 52401 319-363-5010 A woman walked into a jewelry store and said to the jeweler, “We have a problem. You sold my husband a diamond ring last week, but it’s the wrong size.” “No problem, madam,” he said, “we can adjust the ring size for you at no cost.” “Oh no, you don’t understand. You sold him a onecarat size and I take a ﬁve-carat size!”

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4/14/73 15/82 bar 4/16/47 m 4/17/74 the morning of 1. her birthday, a womandiamond said to her Blood 4/18/63 On hussband, “I just dreamed that you gaveMerman me a beautiful (1950), Lena Horne (1958), Julie 2. Ethel /19/79 diamond necklace.London What do you think that means?”Eartha Kitt (1962), Emmylou Harris (1961), a grin, “You’ll know tonight!” That 4/20/72 He answered with (1983) 1. What is the term given to diamonds sold evening he presented her with a small wrapped package, A woman walked into a jewelry store and said to which she excitedly3. openedThe only toKing ﬁnd a book entitled to ﬁnance war? 1948, diamond company the 4 Meaning of Dreams.by the DeBeers’ 2. Besides Marilyn Monroe, name another fe- the jeweler, “We have a problem. You sold my

5. Sean Connery as James Bond male vocalist whoTIME has recorded “Diamonds husband a diamond ring last week, but it’s the MOMENTS IN wrong size.” “No problem, madam,” he said, “we Are A Girl’s Best Friend.” The History Channel 3. In the 1200s in France, only one person can adjust the ring size for you at no cost.” “Oh On March 1908, Louis L’Amour, the understand. You sold 22, him a onewas allowed to wear diamonds. Who was it? no, you●don’t carat size and I take a ﬁ ve-carat size!” ● On March 24, 1603, after 44 years of author of scores of bestselling Western 4. When was the advertising phrase “A diamond is Iforever” introduced? rule, Queen Elizabeth of England dies, novels, is born in Jamestown, N.D. After Who Scotland was the hero in theascends 1971 movie Dia- to returning from World War II, L’Amour and King James VI5. of monds Are Forever?

the throne, uniting England and Scotland

1. For which month is the diamond the under a single British monarch. Queen birthstone?

began writing short stories and novels. His big break came when a novel he wrote at the age of 46 became the basis for the popular John Wayne movie “Hondo.”

es of paying Elizabeth I passed into history as one of monarchs. u can avoid 2. What is England’s the name given to a largegreatest ﬂawless 1st Quarter 2013 By enrollingdiamond? 1839,16 the initials “O.K.” ● On March 19, 1916, the First Aero ou not only ● On March 23, Week Squadron flies a support mission for the n the fossil are first published in The Boston Mornabbreviation for 7,000 U.S. troops who had invaded Mexico e envelopes ing Post. Meant as an“Better a diamond with a ﬂaw than a “oll correct,” a popular pebble slang on President Woodrow Wilson’s orders to withoutmisspelling one.” – Confucius of “all correct” at the time, OK steadily capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho means: Someone who makes made its way into the everyday speech of This word Villa dead or alive. a living studying diamonds Americans.

IOTOMGSGEL

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● On March 18, 1937, nearly 300 students in Texas are killed by an explosion of natural gas at their school. Eleven oil and natural-gas derricks stood in the schoolyard as a means of saving the school money. The blast killed most victims instantly and was felt 40 miles away. ● On March 20, 1965, President Lyndon Johnson sends a telegram to Gov. George Wallace of Alabama in which he agrees to send federal troops to supervise a planned civil-rights march in Wallace’s home state. Earlier that month, civil-rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. had led two attempts to march to Montgomery. (c) 2012 King Features Synd., Inc.

ANSWERS

Although we think of Marilyn Monroe when we hear the song “Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend,” she wasn’t the ﬁrst to sing it. Marilyn performed the song in 1. April the 1953 ﬁlm Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, but Carol Channing introduced2.it A in theparagon original Broadway production in 1949.

Adrien Brody 4/14/73 Seth Rogen 4/15/82 Kareem Abdul-Jabar 4/16/47 Victoria Beckham 4/17/74 Conan O’Brien 4/18/63 Kate Hudson 4/19/79 Carmen Electra 4/20/72

HOCUS-FOCUS

1. Blood diamond 2. Ethel Merman (1950), Lena Horne (1958), Julie London (1961), Eartha Kitt (1962), Emmylou Harris (1983) 3. The King 4 1948, by the DeBeers’ diamond company 5. Sean Connery as James Bond

REMOTE START!

rchased by New York jeweler Charles Tiffany. The company’s ent size of 128.54 carats. Only two women have ever worn the gem – ublicity photo advertising the 1961 ﬁlm Breakfast at Tiffany’s.

4/14 4/15 4/16 4/17 4/18 4/19

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1st Quarter 2013 Week 16

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