Tidbits of Northern Johnson County, IA by Russ Swart

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by Patricia L. Cook Children who are afraid of the dark often need a small night light to help them overcome their fear. This Tidbits is about small and large lights in the dark as well as neon lights that shine in some pretty fancy ways! • Even on very dark nights, if you let your eyes adjust it is possible for most people to see well enough to walk around. • The moon at night shining in the dark is not actually a light source since it does not produce its own light. The moon is visible because of the sun’s light that bounces off of it back to earth. When we see different phases (or sizes) of the moon it is because the earth revolves around the sun and the moon orbits the earth. The part of the moon that is reflecting depends on the angles or relative positions of the earth, moon and sun. • The earth’s orbit also changes our view of the stars at night even though the stars are in fixed patterns. Astronomers who named many of the stars and constellations (named patterns of stars) years ago gave them Greek and Roman names that are still used today. • The most well-known constellations are the “Big Dipper” and “Little Dipper.” The “dippers” are part of Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, which mean Greater Bear and Smaller Bear. turn the page for more!

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(continued): • Many children the world over hear a song about the night sky long before they learn to talk. Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star was published by Jane Taylor and her sister, Ann, in England in 1806. Their second book of children’s poems, Rhymes for the Nursery, includes the poem, The Star, written with five verses. Only the first verse is widely sung, with an occasional addition of verse two. • The tune for Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star is actually older than the poem. It originated in France, first seen in print in Paris in 1761. The tune was first associated with a French song, Ah! Vous dirai-je, Maman, which is translated Ah! Will I tell you Mommy. It is still popular with French children. •

Another “tune” that came from Paris was the quiet buzz of neon lights. Georges Claude, a chemist, engineer, and inventor was a pioneer in the development of neon lighting.

• Neon gas was first discovered in 1898. The word neon was chosen for the gas from the Greek word “neos” which means “new gas.”

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• Two predecessors to neon lights were the Geissler Moore tubes that used pressurized gas in tubes with electric volts to make colorful lights. When neon was discovered it proved to be a more lasting gas for tube lights. Neon was in short supply until Georges Claude’s company, “Air Liquide,” began producing large quantities. Claude made his first neon light in 1902 and first displayed his invention at the Paris Motor Show in December, 1910, with two 39 foot long bright red tubes of neon light. • Claude received his first patent for neon lighting in Paris in 1911 and another in the United States in 1915.

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“There they stand, the innumerable stars, shining in order like a livinghymn, written in light.” – N.P. Willis Look for puzzle answers on page 8.

(continued): •

(There is some historical evidence that Perley G. Nutting, a physicist who started the Optical Society of America, displayed the first neon light at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904.)

• The first commercial neon sign was sold to a barber shop in Paris in 1912, by Jaques Fonseque, an associate of Claude. • When red and blue tubes of neon lights were installed decorating the Paris Opera House in 1919, the colors became known as “Opera Colors.” • Claude sold the first neon sign in America, actually two, to a Packard Car dealership in Los Angeles in 1923. The price: $24,000! Neon quickly caught on in the advertising world. • The “liquid fire” signs began dominating outdoor advertising displays in American cities from Times Square in New York to Los Angeles. Las Vegas quickly became a city filled with neon on the borders of signs and buildings, architectural accents and even neon animations. • Today, many of the first neon signs and displays in Las Vegas have become part of the Neon Museum. The Museum has three components: the Downtown Gallery, the Neon Boneyard, and the Las Vegas Signs project. • By the way, Georges Claude was imprisoned from 1945-1949 by the French government for collaborating with the Germans in World War II. • Claude’s patents were good but they did not stop others from “taking off” from his work. Charles J. Wamser created his sign company with neon technology that was slightly different from Claude’s patents. • Wamser’s company, Sheet Metal Products, Inc., was started in a rented garage in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and started mass producing signs in the late 1920s. His company, now named Everbrite, is still a worldwide leader in the lighting and branding of companies. • Many of the “neon” signs that dotted the landscapes in North America were not all neon. People use the name “neon” for lights of all colors but actually neon lights are red. Other gases used with neon produce different colors. Argon is most widely used, along with mercury and phosphor. There are now over 150 colors that can be produced. • Neon signs were most popular in the 1950s. By the 1960s neon lights were being replaced with cheaper lighting. • As in fashion, many things of old come back to be popular again. In 1999, the Route 66 Corridor Restoration Act, helped to put neon signs of old back in the public eye. Many of the monuments to the past, including the neon signs that dotted Route 66 were restored and reinstalled. • Artists and historians have not only helped to revive the “retro” looking neon signs in cities and along highways, but “Neon Art” is now considered an art form. • Not only can you see old neon in the museum in Las Vegas, new and specialized neon art is on display in Los Angeles. In 1981, the Museum of Neon Art (MONA) opened, being the only museum in the world to specialize in neon as an art. • Whether you prefer your night light in a small electric bulb or out in a city looking at the fancy displays or on a camping trip looking at stars and the moon in the sky, these all provide wonderful lights in the dark of night.

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A large “sign” that lights up the night sky for miles around illuminates and advertises Harrah’s Resort in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Really it is more than a sign – it is the entire 500 foot tall building that is lit as a digital sign. LED lights were built into the exterior walls making the entire structure a gigantic advertisement.

• Maltese: These tiny spaniels are easy to identify thanks to their long, silky coats. The American Kennel Club groups them with other “Toy Dogs” like Pugs and Yorkshire Terriers. Feline aficionados Page 5 Mayalso 1st 2013 PLEASE CALL 360-3936 FOR THE BEST LOW COST ADVERTISING IN JOHNSON COUNTY use the term Hawkeye Publishing, L.L.C. www.tidbitpapers.com For Advertising E-mail: sales@tidbitpapers.com or Call (319) 390-3564 Maltese to describe cats that have a siFAMOUS WOMEN OF THE WORLD: milarly silky, grayblue coat. • Colombian: This term means different things to different people, depending on how you get your “jones.” Narcotics dealers may refer to their products as Colombian, although the actual source is often unknown. Luckily, the majority of us prefer a bit of legal Colombian, as in the coffee grown in the South American nation. The prevalence of coffee shops throughout America is proof enough that many of us just can’t get along in the morning without a hot cup of Colombian. • Chinese: The generic term “chinese” now represents types of food that are very different from the meals that are (or ever were) served in China. That said, the same argument could be made about what we consider “American” food. Hamburgers? Ice cream? Hot dogs? Pizza? Our national favorites seem to have originated everywhere except in the United States! Information in the Tidbits® Paper is gathered from sources considered to be reliable, but the accuracy of all information cannot be guaranteed.

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TRILOGY III

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SUSAN B. ANTHONY

Susan B. Anthony was a woman ahead of her times in many ways. She held abolitionist views along with her Quaker family and was a part of the “feminist movement” many years before it became a large movement in the 1960s. • Born on February 15, 1820, Susan B. Anthony was the second of eight children born to Daniel and Lucy Anthony in Adams, Massachusetts. Her father owned the local cotton mill until the business failed in the late 1830s. He moved his family several times, ultimately establishing roots in Rochester, New York.

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• Her parents were actively involved in ending slavery and leading abolitionist were often guests in the Adams’ home. She heard the views of Frederick Douglass, Wendell Phillips and William Lloyd Garrison, active speakers against slavery, often when they visited. • Anthony attended a Quaker school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and ultimately entered the teaching profession. She became the preceptress, or lady principal, at Canajoharie Academy, in Canajoharie, New York for two years in the late 1840s. At age 26, she earned $110 per year at the academy. • After Anthony left the academy, she went on to speak at teacher’s conventions in New York and Massachusetts, calling for equal educational opportunities at all schools, including colleges and universities. • Anthony worked as an agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1856, promoting the cause up until the Civil War. She met Elizabeth Cady Stanton and joined with her as a major speaker and contributor to seek more rights for women and end slavery. • Following the Civil War, Anthony focused more on women’s rights. In 1866, with Stanton, she helped establish the American Equal Rights Association. The organization was very vocal in calling for equal rights for all regardless of sex or race. • In 1868, Anthony and Stanton produced a weekly publication, The Revolution, used to promote the cause of women’s rights. The motto for the paper was “Men their rights, and nothing more; women their rights, and nothing less.”

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• Anthony and Stanton continued working together when founding the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. (Suffrage means “the right to vote.”) Anthony spoke around the nation. (This organization merged with a similar one and became the National American Woman Suffrage Association – NAWSA). • Anthony never married. She devoted her life to fighting for the rights of herself as a woman and others, including those of minority races. • Anthony met with President Theodore Roosevelt in 1905, to lobby for an amendment to give women the right to vote. She never gave up – but she never saw the change she worked so hard for, dying in 1906. The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, giving all adult women the right to vote, was not ratified until 1920. • The U.S. Mint officially released Susan B. Anthony Dollar coins on July 2, 1979, in Rochester, New York, the city where Anthony lived during her most politically active years. Anthony was the first woman to be honored with her likeness on a coin in the U.S. The mint produced 888,842,452 Susan B. Anthony coins, which are either in collectors’ hands or in circulation today.

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The long white trails of clouds that are formed when airplanes fly across the sky are called contrails. When the “friendly skies” are busy there are many crisscrossing lines. • The word contrail is short for “condensation trail.” Webster’s Dictionary defines contrails as “streaks of condensed water vapor created in the air by an airplane or rocket at high altitudes.”

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Windmill Manor Proudly Presents Senior News Line by Matilda Charles

Eat Fish, Live Longer

Look for puzzle answers on page 8.

Seniors older than 65 who have higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in their blood benefit from reduced mortality risk, specifically from heart disease, according to a study by the Harvard School of Public Health and the University of Washington. The 16-year study gathered information on three specific types of fatty acid: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is related to lower risk of death from heart disease; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which is linked to lower risk of non-fatal heart attacks; and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), which is associated with lower risk of stroke death. The study concluded that adults with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in their blood: --reduce their overall mortality risk by as much as 27 percent; --lower their risk of dying of heart disease by 35 percent; --can extend their lives an average of 2.2 years. This can be accomplished, the study said, by increasing the level of fatty-acid foods (fatty, oily fish) from little or none to a moderate amount, about two servings per week, or an average of 400 mg per day. Some researchers have declared the study faulty, however, because it didn’t specifically address the consumption of fish. It also excluded participants who took fish oil supplements and concentrated on the levels of fatty acid in the blood. If you’re curious about this study, ask your doctor if it would be appropriate for you to add one or two servings of fish per week to your diet. The types of fish classified as “fatty” include cold-water albacore tuna, trout, salmon, sardines, herring and mackerel. Other ways to get omega-3 include eggs, walnuts and canola oil. Matilda Charles regrets that she cannot personally answer reader questions, but will incorporate them into her column whenever possible. Write to her in care of King Features Weekly Service, P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475, or send e-mail to columnreply@gmail.com. (c) 2013 King Features Synd., Inc.

Look for puzzle answers on page 8.

CONTRAILS

• Contrails are considered “man-made” clouds since they are formed by airplane exhausts. Water vapor condenses and freezes when air around planes and particles (aerosols) from the exhausts hits the cold temperatures present at high altitudes where airplanes fly. • Contrails are formed above 30,000 feet, which is approximately 5-6 miles above the earth where the air is extremely cold; less than -40° F . • An interesting way to think of contrails is to compare when you exhale warm moist air in cold winter temperatures and “see your breath.” The damp, warm air coming from your lungs adds moisture to the air forming condensation. Usually the condensation from your breath evaporates in less than a second. Condensation from jet airplanes, in the form of contrails, can last quite a while, sometimes even for hours if the conditions are right. • Just like natural clouds, contrails are made of water and ice crystals. Depending on air conditions, contrails can last only a few minutes and be fairly small or they can grow miles long and remain visible for hours. The tiny moisture droplets in contrails freeze instantly and can’t evaporate or melt. They eventually fade away in what is called “sublimation,” when the solid particles turn to gas. It is the same situation as when dry ice ‘dissolves’ back into the air. • The first recorded spotting of a contrail happened over Italy in 1915 by a man named Ettenreich who said, “the condensation of a cumulus stripe from the exhaust gases of an aircraft” was visible for a while in the sky. • Real interest in contrails and more published reports came about during World War II. It was at that time that more aircraft were produced and used in combat that had the ability to reach high altitudes. • Hundreds of aircraft working together over Europe generated so many contrails that formations were hard to keep and targets hard to find. On the contrary, positions could be spotted by the enemy making aircraft vulnerable to enemy attack. • H. Appleman, an American scientist, in 1953, and E. Schmidt, a scientist in Germany, independently studied contrails and developed the theory of contrail formation, called the Schmidt-Appleman Criterion that is still accepted today. • The accepted theory of the two scientists “showed that the threshold temperature depended on the ambient pressure, temperature and humidity outside of the aircraft, and on the ratio of water vapor and heat released into the atmosphere by the aircraft exhaust.” Appleman published a chart that is used to determine if and when aircraft produce contrails. • One of the biggest events that allowed scientists to observe the absence of contrails happened after the attacks on America on September 11, 2001. The skies were cleared of traffic, except for a few military aircraft, for approximately 2 days. Even after these observations, there is still not a definitive answer among scientists about the effects of contrails on the environment.

May 1st 2013

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1st

May 1st 2013

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Flexible financing available

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303 8th Ave S.E. Cedar Rapids, IA 52401 319-363-5010 An optimist looks at a half-filled glass and thinks it is half full. A pessimist sees the half-filled glass as half empty. A chemist looks at the half-filled glass and thinks he needs to be very careful labeling his samples; something must have escaped!

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Don’t forget our Clearance corner : 724

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“light up”? 4. What lights, invented in the 1960s ● On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company have replaced many neon signs? becomes one of the first companies in 5. What does “LED” stand for?

America to adopt a five-day, 40-hour

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● On May 5, 1955, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) becomes a Week 18 ● On April 30, 1939, the New York sovereign state when the United States, World’s Fair opens in New York City on a France and Great Britain end their mili“There they stand, the innumerable 1,200-acre site at Flushing Meadow Park tary occupation, which had begun in 1945. stars, shining in order like a living in Queens. Among the new hymn,technology written in light.” With this action, West Germany was exhibited was FM radio, robotics, – N.P. Willis fluores- This word means: Science that dealsright with given the to rearm and become a the material universe beyond the earth’s cent lighting and a crude fax machine. full-fledged member of the western alliatmosphere (moon, planets, stars, etc.) ance against the Soviet Union.

MAYONRSTO

ANSWERS

Saginaw, Michigan is the home of the largest ﬁgural neon sign in the United Elisabeth Hasselbeck States. The “Bean Bunny,” measuring 5/28/1977 50 feet (15.24 m) from nose to tail, was Annette Bening 5/29/1958 Mozart installed in 1947 to promote the1. Michigan Wynonna Judd 5/30/1964 Bean Company. The bunny “went dark” 2. The Alphabet SongClint or Eastwood Baa, 5/31/1930 in 1985 and the bean-packing plant closed Morgan Freeman 6/1/1937 Baa Black Sheep Wayne Brady 6/2/1972 in 1993. The sign was re-lit in 1997 after Deniece Williams 6/3/1950 a fundraising campaign selling limitededition plush bunnies was held. The fundraising continues annually and the neon bunny still shines!

HOCUS-FOCUS

● On April 29, 1986, in a game against the Seattle Mariners at Fenway Park, Roger Clemens of the Boston Red Sox becomes the first pitcher in Major League Baseball to strike out 20 batters in a nine-inning game. Ten years later, Clemens repeated the feat. (c) 2012 King Features Synd., Inc.

REMOTE START!

TEXT : 319-530-36948 FOR Light bulbs, especially bulbs with gassesCURRENT DEALS! and metals, such as compact ﬂ uorescent www.atdnorthliberty.com lamps (CFLs), other ﬂuorescents, and neon, should be disposed of properly to make sure the gasses and/or metals are not released in the environment. Most areas have recycling programs for these bulbs. Many Lowe’s, Home Depot and even locally owned

● On May 2, 1964, an explosion of a charge assumed to have been placed by Viet Cong terrorists sinks the USNS Card at its dock in Saigon. No one was injured and the ship was eventually raised and repaired. The Card had arrived in Saigon two days earlier.

1. Ne 2. Argon 3. Electric current sent through the tube 4. LED lights 5. Light Emitting Diodes

dvertises Harrah’s Resort in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Reis lit as a digital sign. LED lights were built into the exterior

5/28 Memorial Day 5/29 Learn About Composting Day 5/30 Water a Flower Day 5/31 World No Tobacco Day 6/1 Dare Day 6/2 National Rocky Road Day 6/3 Repeat Day

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1st Quarter 2013 Week 18

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