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by Kathy Wolfe
Most folks these days have navigated around the YouTube site at some point in their internet browsing. This week, Tidbits delves into the history of this website, founded in 2005. • Three PayPal employees conceived the idea of a video website in early 2005. Chad Hurley was a 28-year-old graduate in fine arts from Pennsylvania. While at PayPal, Hurley, the company’s first designer and 10th employee, designed the now-familiar official PayPal logo as part of his job interview. Jawed Karim was a 26-year-old East Germany native, the son of a chemist and biochemistry professor. Taiwan-born Steven Chen was a 27-year-old graduate in computer science. • The founders have differing stories as to the inspiration. One says he wanted to share videos with friends of a dinner party held at his apartment. Another story is that friends were looking for a video of Janet Jackson’s wardrobe malfunction during her Super Bowl half-time performance. The idea was born for a video-sharing site. • The trio of founders opened up shop in Hurley’s garage, and on April 23, 2005, the first video was uploaded by Jawed Karim, a clip entitled, “Me at the Zoo,” chronicling his visit to the San Diego Zoo. Turn the page for more!
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YOUTUBE (continued):
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• The first words spoken on YouTube from Karim’s San Diego Zoo clip were, “All right, so here we are in front of the elephants.” To date, more than 38 million people have viewed that first video.
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4. What popular video game has the most searches on YouTube? 5. What subject is the most 1. What is YouTube’s advertising searched for on YouTube? motto? 6. What is the name of the in2. How many times per month spiring English teacher played does the average user access by Robin Williams in the YouTube? movie “Dead Poets Society”? 3. How many times can a You7. What was the name of Patrick Tube user upload copywrightSwayze’s character in the film ed material without persmis“Dirty Dancing”? sion before his/her account is TRIVIA suspended? SPONSORED BY:
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• When YouTube registered its domain name in 2005, an Ohio company named Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment was already registered with a similar name, Utube.com. The equipment company’s site became flooded with traffic from people trying to spell YouTube, and promptly sued YouTube for damaging its business, claims that were later dismissed. • Within the first month after its creation, YouTube had 3 million viewers. By February, 2006, that amount had tripled, and was up to 30 million visitors by July of that year. After one year in operation, 38 million viewers had visited the YouTube site. • The first YouTube video to be viewed a million times was Brazilian soccer star Ronaldinho’s Nike ad entitled “Touch of Gold.” That occurred in September, 2005, just five months after YouTube’s first video was uploaded. • In early 2006, the company abandoned the garage, moving their headquarters to office space above a pizzeria. While here, they took on the company’s first 20 employees. Hurley was the CEO and Chen was the Chief Technology Officer. Karim moved on to the computer science graduate program at Stanford University. • Just 18 months after the first video was uploaded, Google purchased YouTube in October, 2006 for $1.65 billion in stocks, with Chen receiving $310 million, Hurley, $334 million, and $66 million in stocks going to Karim. YouTube was actually losing money at the time of the purchase, about $500,000 a month, but Google realized the enormous advertising potential and buttoned up the sale. ...continued
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5 COMMON MYTHS ABOUT WEST NILE VIRUS Myth #1: There’s not much I can do about WNV.
Myth #4: Repellents containing DEET are not safe.
Truth: There is a lot that you, personally, can do to reduce your chance of getting West Nile virus infection. • Make it a habit to apply mosquito repellent with DEET when you’re spending time outdoors. This will reduce the number of mosquito bites you get. • Mosquitoes are usually most active from dusk to dawn. Pay close attention to protection during these hours, or avoid being outdoors if possible. • Reduce mosquito breeding habitat around your house. The species of mosquito most common for transmitting WNV generally stays close to the habitat that it hatched from. • Eliminate any standing water that remains longer than 7 days. Inspect your yard once a week: get rid of containers that aren’t being used, empty water from flower pots, change water in bird baths and maintain clean gutters.
Truth: Repellents containing DEET are very safe when used according to directions. • Because DEET is so widely used, a great deal of testing has been done. When manufacturers seek registration with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for products such as DEET, laboratory testing regarding both short-term and long-term health effects must be carried out. • There are products with different strengths (percentage of DEET) available. The longer the protection you need the higher percent of DEET needed. • Repellent with DEET can be used for both adults and children, according to directions.
Myth #5: As long as my area has a mosquito control program, I don’t have to worry about using repellent.
Myth #2: Kids are at the most danger of getting sick from West Nile Virus. Truth: People over 60 are at the highest risk for developing severe West Nile disease. • Relatively few children have been reported with severe West Nile Virus disease. By contrast, most of the deaths due to WNV were among people over 60 years old. • It is always a good idea for children to avoid mosquito bites, but it’s also important for adults - especially older adults - to take steps to avoid mosquito bites.
Myth #3: It’s only people who are already in poor health who have to worry about West Nile virus.
Truth: Healthy, active older adults who spend time working and exercising outdoors have been affected by severe West Nile virus infection. • Being over 60 is a risk factor for developing severe West Nile disease if infected with the virus. There is a risk of getting mosquito bites while leading an active life outdoors. This doesn’t mean you have to stay inside - it does mean that it’s important to use repellent when you go outside.
Truth: Mosquito control activities don’t eliminate every mosquito, so personal protection is still important. • Grand Forks Health Department maintains a proactive mosquito control program designed to reduce mosquito populations and mosquito-borne diseases. However, this program cannot eliminate all mosquitoes. Personal protection, such as using repellent, keeping window screens in good condition, and control of household breeding sites are important steps for the public.
• Grand Forks currently has a very low population of nuisance mosquitoes. This gives a false impression about the risk of WNV. Even though there are very few mosquitoes in our community, the risk of WNV is still elevated. Please take the necessary precautions to avoid mosquito bites.
If you have any questions or concerns relating to mosquito control visit our website at www.gfmosquito.com
YOUTUBE (continued):
• By 2009, there were 1 billion daily video views, about 11,600 views per second. Less than a year later, the views per day surpassed 2 billion per day, 23,150 per second. By 2012, there were 4 billion daily video views.
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• It’s estimated that approximately 500 hours of video content are uploaded to YouTube every minute. YouTube had about 176 million viewers in 2016, with that number expected to reach 181 million during 2017. It’s the second-largest search engine, after Google, bigger than Bing, Yahoo, and ASK combined. It accounts for about 22% of all social media visits, just slightly lower than Facebook’s 24%. • The most subscribed channel on YouTube once belonged to a Swedish man named Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg, better known as PewDiePie. With 55 million subscribers, Kjellberg is a comedian who provides commentary to various video games as he plays them. His annual income last year was around $15 million. While some viewers love his goofy jokes and energetic style, others find his videos “obnoxious and filled with profanity.” He was dropped from YouTube’s preferred channels in February, 2017 for including anti-Semitic jokes in his site’s content. • South Korean singer PSY holds the record for the most watched YouTube video of all time. When “Gangnam Style” was released in 2012, it became the first video to reach 100 million views, accomplished in 52 days. • More than 50 videos have surpassed one billion views, with four of those exceeding 2 billion. The fastest video to reach a billion views was singer Adele’s “Hello” music video, which reached the mark in 87 days. “Hello” reached 100 million in only five days. Only one artist, Justin Bieber, has four YouTube videos that exceed one billion views.
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4. In what year did Baltimore’s Cal Ripken, Jr. begin his major-league record consecutive-gamesplayed streak of 2,632? 5. T or F: Before 2016, it had been over 50 years since the last time every member of the U.S. Ryder Cup team had earned at least one point by the end of the second day of competition. 6. Which NFL player holds the career record for highest average rushing yards/game?
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YOUTUBE (continued):
• While music videos are very popular on YouTube, nearly half of those who uploaded their own videos posted a video of a pet or animal. Even more than that post videos of family and friends doing everyday things or funny things. Nearly 99% of YouTube’s traffic comes from just 30% of the videos. • If you have the next 24 days free, you can log into YouTube’s longest video, a slideshow of Jonathan Harchick’s 2009 trip to Chile. It will take you about 23 days and 19 hours to catch the slideshow of the trip’s highlights. • Who’s using YouTube? About 45% of baby boomers use the search engine, over 80% of millennials, and a whopping 91% of teens aged 13 to 17! • How does YouTube make money? The site earns its revenue from Google AdSense, a program that targets ads according to site content and the audience. AdSense’s content-targeting technology aids website publishers display ads relevant to their site’s traffic. • One of YouTube’s most positive success stories was that of 2014’s Ice Bucket Challenge to benefit the ALS Association. More than 150 countries participated by uploading videos to YouTube, with more than a billion views, generating over $15 million for the research of Lou Gehrig’s Disease. • More than 80% of internet users have visited YouTube in the last month. About one-third of YouTube users access the site more than once a day. Although YouTube can be navigated in more than 75 different languages, several countries have blocked access to the site. This is because certain posts are offensive to the country’s religion or leadership, or violated a country’s moral code of conduct, or have featured videos of violence taking place there. • Every day, over a billion hours’ worth of content are viewed on YouTube.
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Unusual Plants:
SNOWDONIA HAWKWEED
The Snowdonia Hawkweed may well be the rarest plant on Earth. Turn your attention to this scarce plant found only in Wales.
• There is only one known surviving specimen of the hierachium snowdoniense. The plant is endemic to Wales, meaning that is the only geographic area where it has been found. Although it was first discovered in 1892 by a Welsh botanist, it wasn’t given “species” status until 1955. At that point, the plant hadn’t even been seen for two years, and even then, it only grew on seven rocky mountain ledges in Snowdonia. • The north Wales mountainous region known as Snowdonia has been a national park covering 823 square miles since 1951. It’s named for the highest mountain in Wales, Mount Snowdon, which has a height of 3,560 feet. More people climb Mount Snowdon than any other British mountain, with more than 444,000 people scaling it last year. The peak was used by Sir Edmund Hillary to train for his 1953 ascent of Mount Everest. The Welsh word for the mountain is Eryri, which translates “Highlands.” It’s one of the wettest spots in the United Kingdom, with an average rainfall of 176.1 inches a year. • There’s nothing unusual about the Snowdonia hawkhead’s appearance. It’s simply a golden yellow rosette with spear-shaped leaves on a shaggy stalk. The base of the flower is surrounded by black velvety leaves on a slender 11.8-inch stem. It seems to like rocky, north-facing cliffs.
• After the 1953 sighting, there were no hawkweeds spotted until 1967. It was believed the plant had become extinct. A huge increase in the amount of sheep grazing in the area was thought to be the reason, as sheep seem to love the taste of these little plants. An extensive search was launched in 2000, but the team combed the mountainside to no avail. • Another explanation has been offered for the hawkweed’s near extinction, that of the increase in acid rain, which could have caused soil acidification in this rainy area. • Botanists had given up on finding any more hawkweed specimens, when, in 2002, one lone surviving plant clinging to life on a rocky outcrop of a mountainside in the Cwm Idwal National Nature Reserve was discovered by a Welsh team of botanists in the same area as it was first discovered and the same as its last sighting in 1967. It wasn’t known if the newly-discovered plant had been growing there for many years or if it had sprouted from buried seed. • Sheep grazing was immediately eliminated from the nature reserve where the plant was found, in hopes of promoting the recovery of the hawkweed. The botanists took two flower heads containing about 50 seeds back with them to attempt cultivations at the National Botanic Garden of Wales. Twenty-six seedlings were cultivated from that take, with a restocking program as a possible proposal. Five flower heads were left on the plant, hoping the plant would self-propagate through wind-dispersed seeds. Falling rock presents a natural unpredictable risk to the one surviving plant’s survival.
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• It was best-selling author and aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart -- the first female pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean -- who made the following sage observation: "The most difficult thing is the decision to act, the rest is merely tenacity. The fears are paper tigers." • The elephant is the only animal that can be trained to stand on its head (other than humans, of course). • Historians of ancient Rome say that a threeman crew was required to handle a war chariot: The rein handler was responsible for managing the horses, and the shooter focused on launching arrows at the enemy. The straphanger, who stayed at the back of the chariot, had the unenviable task of making sure the other two crew members didn't fall out as the chariot bounced over bodies. • Those who study such things say that your blood is filtered through your kidneys approximately 20 times every hour. • You surely know what a boycott is -- a method of protest entailing the refusal to buy a product or deal with a person or organization. You might not know, however, where we got the word. Here's the story: In 19th-cuntury Ireland, there was an English land agent named Charles C. Boycott. During a time when crops were failing -- depriving many farmers of income as well as food -- he refused their pleas to lower rents. In retribution, he was ostracized, with many people refusing to do business or even socialize with him. • Statisticians say that women who marry younger men tend to live longer. *** Thought for the Day: "A man who is 'ill-adjusted' to the world is always on the verge of finding himself. One who is adjusted to the world never finds himself, but gets to be a cabinet minister." -- Hermann Hesse © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.
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• On Aug. 4, 1753, George Washington, a 21-year-old Virginia planter, becomes a Master Mason, the highest rank in the secret fraternity of Freemasonry. Washington soon would command his first military operation as a major in the Virginia colonial militia. • On Aug. 5, 1858, after several unsuccessful attempts, the first telegraph line across the 2,000mile Atlantic Ocean is completed, often at a depth of more than 2 miles. It ceased functioning a month later. In 1866, a British ship succeeded in laying the first permanent telegraph line. • On Aug. 6, 1926, on her second attempt, 19-year-old American Gertrude Ederle becomes the first woman to swim the 21 miles across the English Channel, besting the time of the five previous male channel swimmers. • On Aug. 2, 1934, Chancellor Adolf Hitler becomes dictator of Germany under the title of Fuhrer. Hitler assured his people that the Third Reich would last for a thousand years, but Nazi Germany collapsed 11 years later. • On Aug. 3, 1949, the Basketball Association of America and rival National Basketball League merge to form the National Basketball Association. By the 1954-55 season, only eight teams remained in the NBA. That year, the league transformed the game with the creation of the 24-second clock. • On July 31, 1975, James "Jimmy" Hoffa, one of the most influential American labor leaders of the 20th century, disappears in Detroit, never to be heard from again. Though he is popularly believed to have been the victim of a Mafia hit, conclusive evidence has never been found. • On Aug. 1, 1981, "MTV: Music Television" goes on the air for the first time, with the words (spoken by one of MTV's creators, John Lack): "Ladies and gentlemen, rock and roll." The Buggles' "Video Killed the Radio Star" was the first music video to air. © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.
Still Worth the Watch This time it didn't matter -and nobody cared. The Major League Baseball All-Star Game has long been considered the best all-star game of all professional sports in America. While the NBA has carved out a nice little niche with the slam dunk competition, baseball's midsummer classic, with its fan voting, home run derby and representation of players from every team, has managed to remain relevant during a day and age where it takes a straitjacket to get somebody's attention. They've played the game 88 times, and each league, the American and the National, has won 43 times and split two ties. The All-Star Game used to carry considerable weight back in the days before interleague play, which began in 1997. Up until then, you never got to see your favorite players square off, save for spring training or the World Series. While interleague play became a necessity out of common sense -- the fans in St. Louis wanted to see the Yankees play at Busch Stadium more than once a generation -- people were sure the All-Star Game would lose its luster. Perhaps it was that fear that led to making the game "count" after the disastrous 2002 game, which was called a tie after 11 innings due to lack of pitchers. The powers that be championed a decision that had the winning league get home-field advantage in the World Series. It was a decision that was almost universally panned. For one thing, managers didn't necessarily play to win the game anymore. They were more interested in getting
the most participation from their bench. So baseball, nimble as ever, decided to revert back to making the game a simple exhibition again (after 13 years). And what did this year's classic teach us? That baseball is almost impossible to not play seriously. Every player seemed to be giving his all ... the pitchers were bringing the heat (the average speed of a fastball in the game was 97 mph), fielders were diving after balls in the outfield and batters were hacking away at first pitches. In classic fashion, the game was won in extra innings when Robinson Cano hit a laser into the bullpen leading off the 10th. The night previous, Aaron Judge, the guy that everyone is pinning their hopes on being the next great player, hit 47 home runs in the derby ... in the game, he went 0-3, striking out once, just like 23 others did that night. Sports Illustrated did the math. In the AL's 2-1 win, 79 players came to bat and 31 of them either struck out, walked or hit a home run, meaning 39 percent of the time, the ball wasn't even put in play. That's the way today's game is played ... every pitcher seems to throw 100 mph, every home run is of Ruthian proportions. In the end, just like this year's All-Star Game, it didn't matter: baseball is still something worth watching. Mark Vasto is a veteran sportswriter who lives in New Jersey. © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.
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July 17, 2017
• Want to save money on both appliance repair costs and your power bill? Do yourself a favor and stay on a filter replacement schedule for your air conditioner unit. Dirty filters make the machine work harder and less efficiently, costing you money! • “When grandparents live out of town, set up a phone call between them and your kids a week or so before visiting. They can talk about what the kids might like to do. It gives the grandparents time to prepare, and it gives kids a chance to build excitement before the trip.” — G.R. in Ohio • If you have cloudy glassware, you can try to bring it back to clear with a vinegar soak. Warm vinegar in the microwave and fill the glass or soak in a tub. • “Line the inside of a closet door with a fabric-backed memo board. They are great for tucking in pictures and notes. I use one in my office closet solely for storing business cards for contacts. It’s easy to see them and to grab one if I need it.” — A.V. in Massachusetts • Smelly dog bed? It’s baking soda to the rescue. Simply shake baking soda liberally on the surface of your pet’s pillows. Rub or brush into the fabric. Let it sit while you vacuum your carpets and tidy up, then use the wand attachment to vacuum it up. • A nuisance papercut can be sealed up with regular household glue. Just dab a bit on the cleaned and dried papercut, and let it dry. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.
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PREDICTING ECLIPSES
• The Chinese have recorded solar eclipses since 720 BC, giving us a partial historical record dating back 2,700 years. The Mayans, Sumerians, Egyptians, and Chinese were each able to work out the formula that predicted the next eclipse. Ancient astronomers could predict eclipses even before they understood that the Earth circles the Sun and that the Moon circles the Earth. • Eclipses happen in “family groups” that come at regular intervals. For ancient astronomers who understood the intervals, predicting the next eclipse would have been a matter of working out the math. It’s called the Saros cycle. When there’s an eclipse of the Sun, there will be another eclipse exactly 18 years, 11 and one-third days later. That eclipse will follow a parallel path exactly one-third of the planet away from the first eclipse, starting at sunrise and ending at sunset. If the first eclipse was a total eclipse, the next eclipse will also be total. If the first was a partial eclipse, the following will also be partial. This Saros cycle repeats itself for about 1,300 years before petering out. • The 2017 eclipse is part of a cycle called Saros 145. It started in the year 1639 and will repeat at 18 year intervals until it ends in the year 3009. The previous eclipse in this Saros cycle happened on August 11, 1999 with a total eclipse that stretched over Great Britain, Europe, and India. • Another eclipse that will travel from Texas to Maine on April 8, 2024 is part of Saros cycle 139, which started in the year 1501 and will repeat every 18 years, 11 and one-third days until the year 2763. • Astronomers now know that 18 years, 11 and onethird days is the length of time it takes the Moon to travel from perigee (closest to Earth) to apogee (farthest from Earth) and back to perigee again.
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A HISTORICAL ECLIPSE
• In the year 1503, Christopher Columbus was on his fourth journey to the New World when he discovered that his two ships were riddled Answer: Dell. with worms and unable to sail home again. A VERY He pulled into a LARGE cove on NUMBER Jamaica where the •local Edward Kasner was a mathematician. In 1938 natives were friendly at first, supplying he was asked to come up with a name for a provisions for his men in return for trinkets. very large number: the numeral one, followed But eventually they grew tired of constantly by a hundred zeros. He asked his two young supplying the 50 men. After six months, they nephews what name they would suggest. refused to bring anything more. • Nine-year-old Milton suggested a name • Columbus with him an astronomical almaout of thehad funnies. A cartoon strip character nac that Barney listed the upcoming celestial named wasdates very of popular. Milton chose Barney’s last name for the number. events including a lunar eclipse that was to ocon the last day the of February. •cur Kasner announced new nameOn forthat the day, big henumber explained that he worshiped a powerful God in his next book, altering the spelling. who had beenlater, angered theirand refusal to keep • Sixty years LarrybyPage Sergey Brin the Spaniards fed. As a result, God was going to developed a new internet search engine. Other punish withsearched famine and Columsearchthem engines eachdisease. webpage and ranked them according how give manythe times a bus explained that God to would leadspecific term appeared on them, but Page and ers one last chance by providing a sign from Brin designed search engine to full search for the heavens of their his displeasure: The Moon the specific term and thenit find how many would go dark soon after rose out in the evening links there were that led back to that page, and would turn blood red. If they paid heed to which resulted in a better search engine. the sign, they would be spared their fate. • They decided they needed a name that • That evening when the Moon rose on horireflected how many websites thethesearch zon, a lunar turned the Moon darkname red. engine waseclipse searching. They took the The people Kasner’s franticallyvery begged for of Edward large Columbus number, only they misspelled it slightly, to so do it ended up being forgiveness and promised his bidding as spelled exactly theto same way the thought cartoon long as they needed stay. Columbus character spelledof histhe lasteclipse, name. What’s about it forBarney the duration and he it called? (Answer at bottom of page) emerged just as the eclipse was beginning to COMPUTER clear to announce that heFACTS had consulted God •and In 1981 Bill agreed Gates said, “640 kb memory God had to forgive theofnatives as ought to be enough for anybody.” long as they continued to supply the crew. They to the made a great •agreed Moore’s Lawterms statesand thatColumbus computer performance doubles every 18 to 24 and ever since show of telling God thatmonths, the Moon should be 1971, this beenglory. true. The lunar eclipse rerestored to has its full The natives continued supplywere Colum•ceded. HP, Google, Microsoft, andtoApple all started garages. bus untilinJune when a rescue ship appeared. Answer: Google, from googol.
answer
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Quiz Answers5. Music 6. John Keating 7. Johnny Castle
1. “Broadcast yourself.” 2. 14 times. 3. Three 4. Minecraft
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Sports Answers 1. Two: Randy Jones (2x: 20 in 1975; 22 in 1976) and Gaylord Perry (21 in 1978). 2. Vancouver Canucks (2010-11 and 2011-12).
3. 20 seasons; 3 teams: 49ers, Raiders, & Seahawks. 4. 1982 5. False. Last time 1975. 6. Jim Brown: 104.3 yds./gm
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