Tidbits Grand Forks - February 8 , 2018 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks Published by: Wick Publications 701-740-0968 wickpub@yahoo.com ® TIDBITS INVESTIGATES SOME

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BANK ROBBERS by Kathy Wolfe

Bad guys have been robbing banks since there have been banks to rob! This week, Tidbits studies up on some famous robbers and their hauls.

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• The son of a Missouri Baptist minister, Jesse James had a good start in life, regularly attending church, was educated, and was known to refuse to use bad language. In 1863, the family farm was savagely attacked by Union soldiers, and at age 16, Jesse, along with his brother Frank, became Confederate guerrilla soldiers. When the Civil War ended, Frank and Jesse became the leaders of a band of outlaws of ex-Confederates, and began robbing trains, stagecoaches, and banks that were owned by Northern institutions. Their first bank robbery took place at Liberty, Missouri’s Clay County Saving Association Bank, and the gang had a take of $60,000 in cash and bonds. A 17-year-old bystander was killed as the gang made their escape. The gang’s 15-year crime spree produced 26 robberies with a take of more than $200,000, and the deaths of at least 17 men. Jesse was killed by a member of his own gang, Bob Ford, for the reward money, shot in the back of the head as he was straightening a picture on the wall, dead at 34.

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Y O U YDOOU L D I FOE .L IW E . DWOE T D AO X ETSA. X E S . FE Y O U D O L I F E . W E D O TA X E S. YO D O L I FSEColumbia . W E RdDRoad O TA X E S. 3350 S Columbia Rd 3350 S.U(Next Columbia 3350 to Hornbachers) (Next to Hornbachers) Forks, NDForks, 58201ND 58201 Grand Next Grand to 3350 SHornbachers Columbia Rd (701) 746-1750 (701) 746-1750 (Next to Hornbachers) GrandGrand Forks, ND 58201 Forks, ND 58201 (701) 746-1750 701-746-1750 3350 S Columbia Rd (Next to Hornbachers) Grand Forks, ND 58201

*To be eligible $3,250 loan$3,250 amount, your expected refund less refund authorized must be at least Actual loan Actual amountloan mayamount vary. An Easy Advance (EA) is a loan *To for be the eligible for the loan amount, yourFederal expected Federal less fees authorized fees must $5,095. be at least $5,095. may vary. An Easy Advance (EA) is a loan (701) 746-1750 (701) 746-1750 secured by secured your tax by refund is offered Bank & TrustBank Company, FDIC, to eligible are noThere fees are or interest the EA.with Loan yourand tax refund andbyisRepublic offered by Republic & Trustmember Company, member FDIC,taxpayers. to eligibleThere taxpayers. no fees associated or interest with associated theisEA. Loan is subject to underwriting and approval. proceedsEAare typicallyare available 24 hours IRShours acceptance of tax returnof(or beforefiling the IRS startthe date) subject to underwriting andEAapproval. proceeds typicallywithin available withinof24 of IRS acceptance taxwithin return24(orhours withinfor24those hoursfiling for those before IRS start date) however, if however, directfordeposit is selected itis may take time forrefund your financial institution post be theatfunds your account. Visit your Liberty Tax office toTax learn about theiscost, *To be eligible the $3,250 loan amount, youritadditional expected Federal less feestoinstitution must leastto$5,095. Actual loan amount may your vary. An Easy Advance aabout loan the cost, if direct deposit selected may take additional time forauthorized your the funds to your account. Visit Liberty office to(EA) learn *Toby beyour eligible forallthe $3,250 loan amount, your Valid expected Federal refund less financial authorized mustto bepost at least $5,095. loan vary. An Easy (EA) secured tax of refund and is byand Republic Bank Trust Company, member FDIC,Jan. tofees eligible taxpayers. There areActual no fees or amount interest may associated with theAdvance EA. Loan is is a loan timing and availability filing and product options. at& participating locations. Valid 2-Feb. 28, 2018. timing and availability of offered all product options. Valid at participating locations. Valid Jan. 2-Feb. 28, 2018. by your tax refund andfiling is offered by are Republic Bank & Trust Company, member FDIC, to eligible are no24fees or interest associated withthe theIRS EA.start Loandate) is subject secured to underwriting and approval. EA proceeds typically available within 24 hours of IRS acceptance oftaxpayers. tax returnThere (or within hours for those filing before subject to underwriting and approval. EA proceeds are typically available within 24 hours of IRS acceptance of tax return (or within 24 hours for those filing before the IRS start however, if direct deposit is selected it may take additional time for your financial institution to post the funds to your account. Visit your Liberty Tax office to learn about the cost, date) however, if direct deposit is selected it may take additional time for your financial institution to post the funds to your account. Visit your Liberty Tax office to learn about the cost, timing and availability of all filing and product options. Valid at participating locations. Valid Jan. 2-Feb. 28, 2018. timing and availability of all filing and product options. Valid at participating locations. Valid Jan. 2-Feb. 28, 2018.

BANK ROBBERS (continued):

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• Three months after Jesse James’ death, Frank surrendered to authorities, but juries were unable to convict him, based on insufficient evidence. He returned to the family farm, where he conducted tours of the family farm for 25-cents, living to the age of 72. • Jesse James couldn’t have known how his life of crime would spur another on to the same life. Arizona Donnie Clark was a Missouri native who as a child had witnessed the James Gang ride through her hometown, and developed a passion for the wild life. Kate, as she was nicknamed, married a farmer named George Barker and had four sons. All four became involved in crime at an early age, and Kate, who became known as Ma Barker, began traveling with her sons to locations of their crimes. As the matriarch who controlled the crimes, she was referred to by J. Edgar Hoover as “the most vicious, dangerous and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade.” Some say that Ma Barker never participated in any of the robberies, kidnappings, or murders that involved her sons, but nevertheless, she was killed by FBI agents during a shoot-out at her Florida home, along with one son. Another son committed suicide, one was killed trying to escape from Alcatraz, and the fourth was killed by his wife. • In 2005, thieves in Brazil dug a 260-ft. tunnel, complete with wood paneling, electric lights, and a ventilation system from a building to Banco Central in the city of Fortaleza. The tunnel, 13 feet below the surface, took three months to excavate and the team posed as landscapers to explain the truckloads of dirt being removed. They even sold plants and turf to cover their operation. The robbery took place on a Saturday, when the thieves took over $79 million, which remained undetected until Monday. While more than 40 arrests were made, only about $9 million was recovered. ...continued

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BANK ROBBERS (continued):

• It’s estimated that Ray Bowman and William Kirkpatrick robbed 28 banks across the U.S. between 1982 and 1998, with a stake of more than $7 million. No one was ever hurt, and gunfire only occurred one time. One robbery alone, that of Lakewood, Washington’s Seafirst Bank, yielded $4.46 million. A simple stop for speeding in Nebraska brought an end to Bowman’s spree, when police discovered guns, fake badges, masks, and $1.8 million in cash in the vehicle. Just a few weeks later, Kirkpatrick’s career was over when he failed to pay rent on his storage locker. The owner opened it, found a large stash of guns, and notified authorities, who captured him. • Due to his ability to make quick and narrow getaways from police, bank robber John Dillinger was given the nickname “Jackrabbit.” Dillinger’s first robbery was the theft of $50 from the local grocery store. He was captured and served over nine years. He was released into a jobless Great Depression, and a month later he robbed his first bank, the New Carlisle, Ohio National Bank, getting away with $10,000. Six weeks later, he robbed another Ohio bank, but was captured. He escaped just four days later. Within 14 months, Dillinger had robbed an estimated 24 banks, and was suspected of 10 murders. The FBI billed him as “Public Enemy #1.” To avoid the heat, Dillinger hid in Chicago, living anonymously, working as a clerk. But within a matter of months, a tip from an informant led FBI agents to the Biograph Theater, where Dillinger was watching a movie. He was shot four times, and his life of crime was over at age 31. ...continued

Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks

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• On Feb. 16, 1848, composer and pianist Frederic Chopin plays his final Paris concert. Chopin's musical goal had been to speak to the heart and soul of man. Upon his death, at his request, Chopin's sister was able to smuggle his heart in a jar back to Poland, where it was buried in a church. • On Feb. 18, 1856, the American Party, also known as the "Know-Nothing Party," convenes in Philadelphia to nominate its first presidential candidate. The Know-Nothing movement began in the 1840s as a result of increasing immigration. When questioned by the press, members would reply that they knew nothing, hence the name. • On Feb. 14, 1929, penicillin is discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming, a bacteriologist. Fleming left a plate of staphylococcus bacteria uncovered, and noticed that mold that had fallen on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. • On Feb. 13, 1945, Allied firebombing raids begin against the German city of Dresden, reducing the city to rubble. The medieval city, renowned for its artistic and architectural treasures, had never been a site of war production or major industry. • On Feb. 15, 1950, Walt Disney's animated feature "Cinderella," six years in the making, opens in theaters. "Cinderella" has been rereleased periodically to keep its popularity alive among new generations. • On Feb. 17, 1966, Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys rolls tape on take one of "Good Vibrations." Six months, four studios and $50,000 later, he completed his 3 minute, 39 second symphony, pieced together from more than 90 hours of tape recorded during hundreds of sessions. • On Feb. 12, 1999, the five-week impeachment trial of Bill Clinton resulting from his affair with 21-year-old intern Monica Lewinsky comes to an end. The Senate voted to acquit on both articles of impeachment: perjury and obstruction of justice. © 2018 King Features Synd., Inc.

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BANK ROBBERS (continued):

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• In 1983, six men broke into the Brink’s-MAT bank facility at London’s Heathrow Airport and made off with $30 million worth of diamonds, gold bullion, and cash. The operation was made easier with the help of one of the security guards who provided the robbers with a key and an outline of security measures. His fellow guards were soaked in gasoline and were told they would be set on fire if they didn’t cooperate. Although most of the gang were rounded up and convicted, the majority of the gold has never been recovered. • The biggest news of 1974 may have been the kidnapping of 19-year-old newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst by the Symbionese Liberation Army. Two months later, she was recorded on surveillance video robbing San Francisco’s Hibernia Bank, brandishing an M1 carbine, aiding her captors. When she was captured in September, 1975, she weighed just 87 lbs. (40 kg.), and was described in a “zombie-like” state. She told the story of repeated torture, being locked in a closet blindfolded for weeks, along with brainwashing. It was believed she had Stockholm Syndrome, a psychological condition that occurs when hostages develop positive feelings toward their captors. Hearst was initially sentenced to a 35-year prison term that was reduced to seven years, and she eventually served 22 months, having her sentence commuted by President Jimmy Carter. She was fully pardoned for her crimes by President Bill Clinton in 2001.

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MAYONNAISE

Hold the mayo! And hold on to these facts about mayonnaise brought to you by Tidbits! • Mayonnaise is made up of eggs, vinegar or lemon juice, oil, and spices. It’s an emulsion, which is a combination of two liquids that normally can’t be combined. By adding one ingredient to the other and mixing rapidly, the droplets of one liquid are suspended through the other. Because the liquids quickly separate, an emulsifier must be added, and in the case of mayonnaise, this is egg yolk. • There are several theories as to the origin of the name mayonnaise. It may be a variation of the French word moyeunaise, derived from the old French moyeu, meaning “yolk of egg.” Some say the sauce was named “mayonnaise,” after Charles de Lorraine, the Duke of Mayenne, while others say the chef of the Duc de Richelieu invented the sauce and named it “Mahonnaise” following the Duc’s victory over the British in a 1756 battle at Port Mahon on the Mediterranean island of Minorca. • German-born Richard Hellmann started out as an apprentice at a food market there until moving to London to work for Crosse & Blackwell, a food production company in business since 1706. At age 29, he moved to New York City, and rented a former tailor shop, opening Hellman’s Delicatessen with his wife. Each day, they whipped up a small batch of mayonnaise for sale. Their successful operation soon expanded into the space next door. • In 1912. after becoming ill from overwork, Hellmann and his family took a sabbatical to Europe. When it was time to return, he was urged by the travel agency to book his passage to New York on the brand-new ship, Titanic. But Hellmann needed to be home sooner, and took an earlier, smaller ship, a decision that saved his and his family’s lives.

• Back in New York, Hellmann experimented with new recipes for an improved mayonnaise that would stay fresh a little longer. He sold it to his deli customers in small amounts, then decided to try selling in glass bottles, not only to his own customers but to grocery stores and other delis as well. He designed a label with a blue ribbon graphic, and trademarked it with the name “Blue Ribbon Mayonnaise.” • When the mayonnaise business outgrew the back room of the delicatessen, Hellmann sold the store and opened a factory in 1915. In 1922, “The Chef’s Standby: Blue Ribbon Recipes,” a mayonnaise cookbook, was published. Hellmann certainly wasn’t without competition. By the mid-1920s, there were more than 600 companies vying for the mayonnaise business. So Hellmann improved his emulsifying process, enabling his factory to produce three tons of mayonnaise every hour. By 1927, his annual profit was upwards of $1 million. • The company was sold to Best Foods in 1927, and by 1932, the familiar mayonnaise was renamed Best Foods mayonnaise. Although the company sold a multitude of food items, mayonnaise was by far its most profitable item. • Lots of folks prefer Miracle Whip to mayonnaise. So what’s the difference? Kraft Miracle Whip was introduced at the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair as a “salad dressing” rather than mayonnaise. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires that mayonnaise must contain a minimum of 65% vegetable oil. According to Kraft, their product’s content is too low to meet that standard. Taste-wise, Miracle Whip is sweeter and contains a few additional spices.

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks by Samantha Weaver

• It was Italian novelist, philosopher and university professor Umberto Eco who made the following sage observation: "Fear prophets and those prepared to die for the truth, for as a rule they make many others die with them, often before them, at times instead of them." • The average (presumably non-bearded) man will shave at least 20,000 times over the course of his lifetime. • Although it is a dog, the dhole, which is native to Asia, doesn't bark; to communicate with other members of its pack, it whistles. Evidently, that high-pitched sound carries better than lowpitched barking in the dense forests where it lives. • Third-century Saint Lawrence of Rome was martyred for his faith by being roasted alive on a gridiron. I suppose it makes a certain kind of sense, then, that he's the patron saint of cooks and tanners. • If you're not in a romantic mood as Valentine's Day approaches, you might want to consider reviving the vinegar valentine popular in the 19th century. Rather than conveying love and affection, these insulting missives -- usually sent anonymously, for obvious reasons -- were dripping with sarcasm and black humor. Some were intended to discourage unwanted suitors, but others were just mean, accusing the recipient of being too aggressive (for women) or too submissive (for men) or of putting on airs, among other things. There were even occupation-specific cards targeted at doctors, salesladies, artists, etc. According to an article in Smithsonian magazine, in the mid-1800s, these vinegar valentines accounted for half of all valentine sales in the United States. • Those who study such things say that 20 percent of American men have spent at least one night in jail. *** Thought for the Day: "One of the truest tests of integrity is its blunt refusal to be compromised." -- Chinua Achebe © 2018 King Features Synd., Inc.

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January 29, 2018

• What’s in season? Get more bang for your produce buck in February by looking for good deals on: Brussels sprouts, grapefruit and other citrus, pears, kale, sweet potatoes, winter squash, bok choy, apples and radicchio. Branch out with persimmons, leeks, red currants, cherimoya, pomelo and dates. • If your skin gets dry, try keeping a bottle of lotion in your shower. Apply either just before you towel off or directly after. The heat from a shower will help your skin absorb the moisture. • Want a great way to clean your ceiling fans without dropping dust bunnies everywhere? Simply use a pillowcase. Encase the entire blade and wipe from the center out. All the dirt is inside the case, and when you are done, go outdoors to turn it inside out and shake, then pop it in the washer. Best tip ever! • Got cold hands? This “hot sock” is the greatest for a quick warmup. Add a cup of uncooked white rice to a sock. Knot closed. Pop in the microwave for 45 seconds to 1 1/2 minutes, and then simply hold it. Make a larger one for sore back or neck, or to tuck into the bottom of the bed to keep feet toasty as you drift off to sleep. • “I recently moved away to college and, for the first time in my life, have become reliant on public transportation. I would say that the two most important items right now are a bus pass (so I don’t have to try to find exact change) and hand sanitizer. When I got here, I was pretty much sick for a month!” — O.J. in New York • If you keep a toilet brush in your bathroom, try this handy hint: Add a few drops of a fragrant multipurpose cleaner to your brush holder, like Pine Sol or Mistolin. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

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September 11, 2014

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Solution on Next Page

February 8 marks the 117th anniversary of the establishment of the Boy Scouts of America. Tidbits commemorates this youth organization with a few facts about its founding and growth. • The BSA was modeled after the Boy Scout Association, an organization founded by British Army officer Robert Baden-Powell in Britain in 1908. An American newspaper entrepreneur named William Boyce was aided by a Boy Scout while traveling overseas, and was so impressed that, four months after his return to the States, he and two others incorporated the Boy Scouts of America, applying for a congressional charter. In 1911, they held their first annual meeting at the White House, where they were addressed by U.S. President William Howard Taft, and the oath, laws, badges and policies were adopted. • The name of Arthur Eldred isn’t a familiar, but in the world of scouting, he is remembered as the first recipient of the Eagle Scout medal, awarded to this 17-year-old Long Island, New York scout in 1912. By 1965, there were 500,000 Eagle Scouts, and one million in 1982. The two-millionth Eagle Scout medal was awarded in 2009. Only about 4% of Boy Scouts are awarded this rank, and only after a lengthy review process and years of efforts on the part of the scout. An Eagle Scout must have earned 21 merit badges, and have served as a patrol leader, assistant senior patrol leader, or senior patrol leader, as well as complete a service project that benefits an organization outside of the Boy Scouts. • The first Boy Scout World Jamboree was held in 1920 in London, with 8,000 Scouts from 34 countries attending. ...continued

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BOY SCOUTS (cont'd):

• The Cub Scouts were formally launched in 1930. By 1936, total membership in the BSA surpassedDell. 1 million. The group enrolled its 20 Answer: millionth member in 1952, and by 1965, the A VERY LARGE NUMBER Boy Scouts of America had 40 million regis•tered Edward Kasner was a mathematician. In 1938 members. he was asked to come up with a name for a • Through efforts the one, BSAfollowed during very largethe number: the of numeral World War I, zeros. Liberty by a hundred HeLoan asked bonds his twototaling young nephews whatwere namesold theyinwould $147,876,902 1917 suggest. – 1918. During World War II, the Scouts collected mil• Nine-year-old Milton suggested a 30name lion of rubber during a two-week drive, as outlbs. of the funnies. A cartoon strip character named Barney wasaluminum very popular. chose well as collecting andMilton salvage for Barney’s last name for the number. the war effort, along with serving as messenand assisting emergency medical •gers Kasner announced the new name forunits. the big number in his next book, altering the spelling. • Camping has long been associated with the Boy •Scouts. Sixty years later,Boy Larry Page and Sergey Brin The first Scout camp, the Philturn developed a new internet search engine. Other Rocky Mountain Scout Camp, opened in 1939, search engines searched each webpage and following a generous gift from Oklahoma oilranked them according to how many times a man Waite Phillips. Phillips donated 35,857 specific term appeared on them, but Page and acres of land near Cimmaron, New Mexico to Brin designed their search engine to search for establish a wilderness Thatmany first the specific term and camping then find area. out how summer, 189 Boy Scouts from Texas, Kansas, links there were that led back to that page, which resulted in a better attended search engine. Louisiana, and Oklahoma the camp at a cost of $1 per week per camper. Two years • They decided they needed a name that later, Phillips added to his gift, increasing the reflected how many websites the search engine was searching. They took theAn name size of the property to 127,395 acres. adof Edward large number, only ditional pieceKasner’s of land very was purchased in 1963, they misspelled slightly, so square it endedmiles. up being boosting the totalitarea to 214 spelled exactly the same way the cartoon • The song “God Bless America” is familiar to character Barney spelled his last name. What’s most, but not everyone knows its importance it called? (Answer at bottom of page) to the Boy Scouts and GirlFACTS Scouts. In 1940, its COMPUTER composer Irving Berlin created a foundation to • In 1981 Bill Gates said, “640 kb of memory distribute theenough royalties the song to these ought to be forfrom anybody.” organizations “for the benefit of the youth of • Moore’s Law states that computer performance America.” Sixty years later, at the turn of the doubles every 18 to 24 months, and ever since 21st century, million 1971, this has$6been true. had already been donated to the Scouts. • HP, Google, Microsoft, and Apple were all started in garages. Answer: Google, from googol.

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Quiz Answers

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3. Bruce Arena 81-32-35 4. Czechoslovakia. 5. Rory McIlroy, in 2011. 6. Allen Iverson, in 1996.

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