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Issue # 1,083
TIDBITS CHEWS ®
GUM
by Janet Spencer
Today 50% of Americans chew some gum, but 10% of chewers make up for 75% of sales. We average 500 sticks per person per year. There has been a 500% increase in gum consumption since World War II. Come along with Tidbits as we chew gum!
JUST DESSERTS
• In 1898 the “New York Daily Tribune” ran an article from London which warned, “Health authorities here have issued a warning against American chewing gum, which is fast becoming a rage among the children of the East End. The authorities consider it more dangerous than the ‘ice cream’ which the Italians sell in the street, and which has been the subject of a rigorous crusade.” • Some 35 years later, it was still widely thought that chewing gum would exhaust the salivary glands and lead to an early death. • Today we know that it does not lead to an early death; nor does it cause buck teeth or clog the intestines when swallowed. The Wrigley Company advertised that gum would steady nerves, sweeten breath, soothe the throat, relieve thirst, quicken appetite, aid digestion, and improve teeth— and all these claims are true. Gum stimulates blood flow to the mouth; increases jaw strength; relieves pressure in the ears from flying; and can curb the craving for a cigarette.
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5. In what city did the 1970s sitcom “Good Times” take place? Does chewing gum increase 6. The original TV series or decrease cavities? “Dallas” is about the wealthy What flavor, preferred in Ewing family. Name the many other food products and parents and their three sons. desserts, has never been a hit in 7. Name the song that contains chewing gum? this lyric: “She loves to laugh, How many inches in diameter she loves to sing, she does was the world’s largest bubble everything.....” gum bubble? TRIVIA Name the most popular gum flavor. SPONSORED BY:
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WILLIAM WRIGLEY
• William Wrigley worked as a travelling soap salesman for his father. He later opened a branch soap factory, and began giving away premiums and gifts to people who ordered his products. Next he started a baking powder company on the side, and gave away two packs of gum with each can. When he found out how popular the gum was, he quit soap and baking powder in favor of making gum. • Wrigley once said, “Anybody can make gum. The problem is selling it.” He decided the solution was advertising, and he turned into not only the world’s largest gum manufacturer, but also the world’s largest advertiser. He spent $100,000 on an advertising campaign in New York City that flopped. So he tried spending another $100,000 just on Broadway, and it also flopped. Then he spent $100,000 advertising in small New York towns, buying every billboard, all the streetcar space, and huge newspaper spreads. Orders poured in. He was more than repaid for his previous losses. • He sent coupons to every grocer in the nation for a free box of gum. Sales tripled. “Tell ’em quick and tell ’em often” was his motto. He got his poster on every one of the nation's 62,000 streetcars; spent $14,000 to light a sign in Times Square; mailed 4 sticks of gum to every person listed in every phone book in America; erected a chain of billboards half a mile long, containing 117 signs; and started wrapping gum in redeemable wrappers with over a thousand premiums to choose from. • When a recession hit in 1910 and World War I started in 1914, Wrigley said, “People chew harder when they’re sad”— a theory later substantiated when sales soared during the Great Depression and World War II. By 1910, William Wrigley's gum was the most popular in the nation. Today, Wrigley’s gum still holds 35% of the U.S. chewing gum market. ...continued
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3. Who held the New York Yankees record for most home runs by a rookie (29) before Aaron Judge hit 52 home runs in 2017? 4. Name the first player in the Super Bowl era to score on a run, a catch and a kickoff return in an NFL postseason game. (hint: 2017) 5. How many games did Chicago Blackhawks play to start the 2012-13 season before they suffered a loss in regulation?
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• Because gum is effective at relieving thirst, it was widely used in World War I, and a massive campaign to get gum to the troops was begun. Wives and sweethearts were asked to send it to their men. • During World War II, gum chewing among military personnel was six times greater than among civilians. It acted as a substitute for toothbrushes, increased morale, reduced tension, and promoted alertness. • Gum was used as war propaganda during World War II. A shipment of gum wrapped in special wrappers, with one side bearing the crossed flags of the U.S. and Philippines, and the other side saying, “I Shall Return— MacArthur” was dropped from planes over the occupied Philippines.
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• The ancient Mayans chewed plain chicle which is the sap from the sapodilla tree. The word “chicle” springs from the Aztec phrase meaning “sticky stuff.” Chicle formed the base of Chiclets chewing gum. Today most gums are made from food-grade polymers and petroleum-derived chemicals. • The first bubble gums couldn’t be removed from the face unless scrubbed with turpentine. “Dry” bubble gum wasn't invented till 1928. • One airline spent $7,000 to remove gum from the bottom of plane seats, then ruled that patrons could no longer chew gum to keep their ears from popping. • Grand Central Station once employed a man to scrape used wads off the bottom of chairs every night. He averaged a nightly haul of 7 lbs. of used gum— 14 lbs. on holidays. • In San Luis Obispo, California, there’s a wall where people stick their used gum. It’s called “gum alley” and people have made large designs and spelled out words with gum wads on the brick wall. ...continued
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• On Sept. 7, 1776, during the Revolutionary War, the American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship Eagle in New York Harbor. The Turtle was an 8-footlong wooden submersible with lead ballast for balance. • On Sept. 3, 1783, the American Revolution officially comes to an end when representatives of the United States, Great Britain, Spain and France sign the Treaty of Paris. The signing established the boundaries of America from Florida to the Great Lakes and the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River. • On Sept. 4, 1957, the Ford Motor Company unveils the Edsel. The car had a distinctive look, but not in a good way to many people. The big impact ring in the middle of its front grille looked (one reporter said) like "a Pontiac pushing a toilet seat." • On Sept. 9, 1967, Sgt. Duane D. Hackney is presented with the Air Force Cross for bravery in rescuing a USAF pilot in Vietnam. He was the first living Air Force enlisted man to receive the award. • On Sept. 5, 1972, Arab terrorists known as Black September take Israeli athletes hostage at the Olympic village in Munich, Germany. Twenty hours later following a German ambush, 11 Israeli athletes, 5 Palestinian terrorists and a police official lay dead. • On Sept. 6, 1995, Baltimore Orioles shortstop Cal Ripken Jr. plays in his 2,131st consecutive game. Ripken went on to play 2,632 games in a row before voluntarily removing himself from a game on Sept. 19, 1998. • On Sept. 8, 2003, the Recording Industry Association of America begins suing individual sharers of copyrighted mp3 songs, some of whom are children. In the first 20 months, the RIAA sued over 11,000 people. © 2018 Hearst Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS needed for a research study needed a research study needed forfor a research study
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We are seeking join our research study. We are seekingmen menand and women join our research study. WeWeWe We are seeking men andwomen womentoto join our research study. would like toknow knowhow how fat affects energy metabolism and the would like toto energy metabolism and thethe would like know howfat fataffects affects energy metabolism and feeling fullnessafter after eating. feeling of feeling ofoffullness fullness aftereating. eating. Receive uptoto$530, $530, or membership at Choice Health and Receive atat Choice Health and Receiveup up to $530,orormembership membership Choice Health and Fitness (13-monthindividual individual or 9-month family) Fitness family) Fitness(13-month (13-month individualoror9-month 9-month family)
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weight a non-smoker andthe free of major medical If you aretoaoverweight, man or woman between ages of 18-50, normal weight to aanon-smoker and free of of major medical problems, you may qualify for this study. In addition, women weight tooverweight, overweight, non-smoker and free major medical problems, you may qualifycontraceptives, for this study.and In addition, women must be using hormonal not pregnant or problems, you may qualify for this study. In addition, women must be using hormonal contraceptives, and not pregnant or breastfeeding must be using hormonal contraceptives, and not pregnant or breastfeeding breastfeeding
GRAND CENTER GRANDFORKS FORKSHUMAN HUMANNUTRITION NUTRITION RESEARCH RESEARCH CENTER Sign up for this ongoing study on-line on-line at at ars.usda.gov/pa/gfhnrc Sign up today fortoday this ongoing study ars.usda.gov/pa/gfhnrc GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTER Call 701-795-8396 or 1-800-562-4032 or scan the QR Code with your smart-phone.
FORKS HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTER Sign up today for this ongoingor study on-line at ars.usda.gov/pa/gfhnrc CallGRAND 701-795-8396 or 1-800-562-4032 scan the QR code with your smart-phone. Sign up today for is this ongoingorstudy on-line atemployer. ars.usda.gov/pa/gfhnrc Call 701-795-8396 or 1-800-562-4032 scanprovider the QRand Code with your smart-phone. * USDA an equal opportunity Call 701-795-8396 or 1-800-562-4032 or scan theemployer. QR Code with your smart-phone. * USDA is an equal opportunity provider and * USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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Relax and Earn
IT'S A FACT
• The British Royal Air Force Dirigible R-34 was over the middle of the Atlantic on the way to America in 1911. Suddenly the forward motor started hissing and began to overheat. The water jacket had sprung a leak. All the adhesives and putties on board failed to plug the leak. In desperation, ten crewmen were each given a pack of gum and told to chew as if their lives depended on it— which it did. The wad of gum plugged the leak when everything else had failed.
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IT’S A FACT
• In 1926 a woman told a convention of cosmeticians that chewing gum was responsible for making women’s faces “hard as the crockery of a railroad lunch counter.” She maintained that all the muscle movement of gum chewing made women’s faces ugly. Someone else defended gum by pointing out that hard-faced, large-jawed women existed long before the invention of gum.
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• The Fleer gum company was the first to sell gumballs in a penny dispenser. An enterprising vending machine salesman convinced the company’s president to go with the machines by challenging him to an experiment. He suggested putting a penny vending machine at an extremely windy tourist spot in New York with a sign saying “Drop a penny in the slot and listen to the wind blow.” When the machine filled up with pennies, Fleer ordered a fleet of the machines. • In Columbus, Ohio in 1939, a ladies club was trying to raise money for a children’s wing at the hospital. When they learned that merchants collected 20% of the take from gumball machines, they asked businessmen to donate the proceeds to the hospital. In just six months the children’s ward was finished. Today, some 3,500 service clubs collect about $2 million a year from gumball machines.
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Fabulous Food
CRACKER FACTS
• Sylvester Graham was a minister in the early 1800s. He became an advocate for healthy living, and encouraged his followers to adopt vegetarian diets, avoid alcohol, take cold baths, use hard mattresses, wear loose clothing, and drink only water. • Most especially, he felt that refined flour was unhealthy. Not only were nutrients removed from the grain as it was processed, but contaminants were added that bleached the flour white, and he felt those bleaching agents were often poisonous. • Thousands attended his lectures, while others rioted when he came. In 1837 he published a booklet called “Treatise on Bread and Bread Making” in which he instructed wives to bake their own bread using coarsely ground whole-wheat kernels. Simultaneously, he began to market barrels of unprocessed and unsifted ground grains. • He also invented a cracker made from whole grains, and this cracker was named for him. Sylvester died in 1851 at the age of 57, but today we continue to consume the sweet cracker that still carries his name, though today it is made from the same processed and refined wheat flour he hated so much. Still, his cracker is a staple in the American diet, most often associated with pie crusts and S’mores: Graham crackers. • Henry Perky designed rail cars. But one morning in 1892 he was eating breakfast in a restaurant in Nebraska when he noted that the man next to him was eating boiled wheat. When he asked the man why he was eating that, the man replied that he had stomach problems and this was the only thing he could digest for breakfast. Perky himself suffered from tender digestion, so he began adding boiled wheat to his diet and found it eased his indigestion.
• After experimenting, Henry Perky developed a wheat cereal. But he wasn’t interested in cereal; he was interested in the machines that make cereal. With the help of a mechanic, Perky developed a machine consisting of two rollers that squashed grain between them in such a way that it produced endless strings of compressed grain formed into little “wheat mattresses.” He wanted to sell these wheat-mashing machines to bakeries. • He patented the invention and started up the Cereal Machine Company in 1895, but the cereal became so popular that he never had a chance to market the machines before he was up to his neck in orders for cereal. By 1898 it was being sold all over the world. • The popularity of the cereal spurred him to invent wheat crackers as well. The company Perky formed was sold to the National Biscuit Company in 1928, now known as Nabisco. The cereal and the crackers are still produced: Shredded Wheat and Triscuits. • During the days of the Roman Empire, bakers invented a new product. First they made a loaf of dough without using oils or butter. Next they’d put a slab of dough into the oven. Once cooked, they sliced it into individual portions and baked the slices again. This removed all moisture, making it crisp and dry, and giving it an extraordinarily long shelf life. The long shelf life was handy during wars, journeys, and sea voyages. • After the fall of the Roman Empire, these crackers popped up in Tuscany, Italy, thanks to a local baker who served them with wine. Their popularity spread, and even Columbus packed these sweet crispy crackers on his voyages. In Italy they are eaten with wine; in England with tea; and in America with coffee. The name for this item comes from the Latin words “bis” meaning twice, and “coctum” meaning baked: biscotti, from which we also get the word “biscuit.”
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To donate or setup a remembrance onfirstgiving.com, firstgiving.com, altru.org/tears. To donate or setup a remembrancepage page on visitvisit altru.org/tears. If you would likemore moreinformation information on a corporate If you would like onbecoming becoming a corporate sponsor walk,please please contact contact Randy at at sponsor forfor thethewalk, RandySchoenborn Schoenborn Health Foundation,701.780.5618, 701.780.5618, ororrschoenborn@altru.org AltruAltru Health Foundation, rschoenborn@altru.org
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(Answers located further back)
August 20, 2018
• Getting ready to go back to school? Remember: Kids’ backpacks should weigh no more than 20 percent of their body weight, and the child should properly use both shoulder straps for the best fit and least stress on the back. • What’s the best way to get a bloodstain out of clothing? Douse the stain with hydrogen peroxide and then wash as usual. • Recipe substitutions: If you need 1 teaspoon of baking powder, use 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon of cream of tartar. • To get outdoor cushions clean before storage, mix warm water, 1 tablespoon of borax and 1 teaspoon of sudsy dish soap in a bucket. Use to scrub your cushions, then rinse with a sprayer hose and allow to dry. We do this at the start of the season as well. • PSA: It’s still hurricane season. Be prepared by grabbing a few extra canned goods or a gallon of water on each trip to the grocery. It beats the rush when a tropical storm is on its way. • “The refuse containers that our city provides for street pickup are huge. Their size doesn’t stop them from getting stinky like the old smaller ones, but they are harder to clean — you’d almost have to crawl in there to get the gunk off the bottom. The kids ingeniously decided to use an old broom to clean the bins, coupled with a blast of water on the jet setting.” — C.C. in Florida Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.
WEST NILE VIRUS RISK ELEVATED IN GRAND FORKS REGION! Most human West Nile virus cases in North Dakota occur from late July to mid-September. People infected with this disease typically develop syptoms between 2 and 14 days after the infected mosquito bites them. Protect yourself from mosquito bites and West Nile virus.
Number of Cases
North Dakota - West Nile Virus Cases By Date 2002 - 2017
Weekly Data 2002 - 2017 Total Human Cases in ND - 1,704
West Nile Virus Symptoms: • Most people (70-80%) infected with West Nile virus will not develop any symptoms, or the symptoms may be so mild that they won’t seek medical care. • About 20% of the people infected will have a fever with other flu-like symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Most of the people with this type of WNV will have a complete recovery, but fatigue and weakness may last for weeks or months. • Less than 1% of the people infected will develop the more severe neurological form of this illness. The symptoms of neurologic illness can include headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, tremors, seazures, or paralysis. • Serious illness may occur in people of any age but people over 60 have the greatest risk for the severe form of this illness. People with certain medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and people who have received organ transplants are also at a greater risk of getting the severe form of this disease. • Recovery from the severe form of this disease may take several weeks or months and some of the neurologic effects may be permanent. This disease is fatal for about 10% of the people who develop neurologic infection. For information about West Nile virus and mosquito control visit our website at www.gfmosquito.com
by Samantha Weaver
• It was American author, journalist and psychoanalysis researcher Judith Viorst who made the following sage observation: "Infatuation is when you think that he's as sexy as Robert Redford, as smart as Henry Kissinger, as noble as Ralph Nader, as funny as Woody Allen, and as athletic as Jimmy Connors. Love is when you realize he's as sexy as Woody Allen, as smart as Jimmy Connors, as funny as Ralph Nader, as athletic as Henry Kissinger and nothing like Robert Redford -- but you'll take him anyway." • Records show that during the last seven months of Elvis Presley's life, he had 5,300 different medications prescribed for him. • Those who study such things say that Labor Day is Americans' third most favorite holiday, ranking only after Christmas/Hanukkah and Memorial Day. Also, a quarter of Americans are expected to travel out of town over the holiday weekend, with the most popular destinations being New York City, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Orlando and Chicago. • In the TV show "Charlie's Angels," it was a requirement that each of the stars had eight different outfits for each episode. • The country of South Africa has a grand total of 11 official languages. • Now that fall is approaching, here are a couple of interesting tidbits for parents: In the United States, the average K-12 student has $688 in back-to-school expenses. For the average college student, that goes up to $970. • You may be surprised to learn that the first Caesar salad was actually created in Tijuana, Mexico. • For reasons that aren't quite clear, in Sweden, it's illegal to train a seal to balance a ball on the tip of its nose. *** Thought for the Day: "The most dangerous strategy is to jump a chasm in two leaps." -- Benjamin Disraeli © 2018 King Features Synd., Inc.
SQUIRRELS
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• There are about 285 squirrel species worldwide, ranging from tree squirrels and flying squirrels to chipmunks, woodchucks, prairie dogs, and marmots. They're all in the Sciuridae family, which comes from the Greek words “skia” (shadow) and “oura” (tail) due to the fact that they have tails that are big enough to cast a shadow. • Squirrels are native to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. The most common squirrel in America is the gray squirrel. • Squirrels range in size from the five-inch African pygmy squirrel to the Indian giant squirrel or China's red-and-white giant flying squirrel, both of which can grow more than 3 feet long (including the tail) and weigh up to four pounds. • A squirrel’s upper and lower incisors grow continuously, at a rate of about six inches per year. This helps the teeth endure constant gnawing. • They can leap ten times their body length. They can run up to 20 mph in short bursts and sustain speeds of about 10 mph. When climbing, they can turn their ankles 180 degrees. Their hind legs are double jointed so they can climb and run very quickly. They have 4 toes on their front feet and 5 toes on their back feet with claws that have a marvelous ability to grip. Their eyes are positioned so they can see behind them. Squirrels can fall from heights of up to 100 feet without injuring themselves. • Flying squirrels can't really fly; they just use flaps of skin between their limbs to glide from tree to tree. Their acrobatic leaps often span 150 feet, with some species covering nearly 300 feet in a single glide. ...continued
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DIFFERENCES: 1. Picture is missing. 2. Skirt is different. 3. Card is different. 4. Neckline is different. 5. Card Sign is missing. 6. Envelope is missing.
answer
© 2018 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.
SQUIRRELS (cont'd):
• Squirrels are mainly active during the day. They communicate using complex systems of high-frequency Answer: Dell. chirps and tail movements.
• When threatened, they run NUMBER in a zigzag pattern A VERY LARGE to escape hawks and other predators that can• Edward Kasner was a mathematician. In 1938 not direction quickly. hechange was asked to come up with a name for a veryeat large number: the numeral one, followed • They their own body weight in food every by a hundred zeros. He asked his two young week. They are omnivorous and eat insects, nephews what name would suggest. smaller rodents, babythey birds, lizards, snakes, •buds, Nine-year-old Milton suggested a name plants, fruits, seeds, and eggs. Some out of the funnies. A cartoon stripbycharacter squirrels make “mushroom jerky” picking named Barney was very popular. Milton mushrooms and hanging them to dry onchose tree Barney’stolast name for the over number. branches preserve them winter. Squir•rels, Kasner announced the can’t new vomit. name for the big like many rodents, number in his next book, altering the spelling. • A female squirrel can give birth to two or three • Sixty years later, Larry Page and Sergey Brin litters in a year. Baby squirrels, called kits, developed a new internet search engine. Other will only urinate and defecate in their mother’s search engines searched each webpage and mouth that according the motherto can of thea rankedsothem howdispose many times waste outside nest toonkeep predators specific term the appeared them, but Pagefrom and detecting the scent. When engine the kits leave the Brin designed their search to search for the they specific term travel and then findthan out how many nest, seldom farther two miles linkshome. there Their were average that ledlifespan back tointhat from the page, wild in a better search engine. iswhich about resulted six years. • Theysquirrels decided normally they needed a name that • Adult live alone, but they reflected how many websites the search sometimes nest in groupsThey during cold engine was searching. tooksevere the name spells. They’ve been known to adopt the orof Edward Kasner’s very large number, only phaned kits of their relatives. they misspelled it slightly, so it ended up being spelled exactly the same way the cartoon • Squirrels don’t hibernate in winter, instead recharacter Barney spelled his last name. What’s lying on caches of acorns and other nuts they it called? (Answer at bottom of page) buried earlier in the year. Squirrels protect FACTS these cachesCOMPUTER with anti-theft precautions, such •asIndigging 1981 Bill Gates said, kb ofonlookers memory fake holes to “640 deceive ought to be enough for anybody.” or digging up and reburying their food multimes. They hundredsperformance of caches •tiple Moore’s Law statescreate that computer doubles every 18 to 24 months, and everand since per year, but thanks to a sharp memory a 1971,sense this has been true. strong of smell, they recover between 40 •toHP, Google, Some Microsoft, andare Apple were all 80 percent. species able to smell started in garages. food under a foot of snow. Unrecovered acorns and otherGoogle, nuts often into new trees. Answer: fromsprout googol.
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6. Jock & Miss 1. Decreases. 2. Chocolate Ellie, J.R., 3. 23 inches in Bobby and diameter. Gary Ewing.” 7. “Any Way 4. Mint 5. Chicago You Want It” by Journey.
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Sports Answers 1. Michigan, Ohio State, & UCLA 2. Curtis Strange (1988-89)
3. Joe DiMaggio, in 1936. 4. New England’s Dion Lewis 5. Twenty-four
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