Tidbits of Grand Forks - September 6, 2018 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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PIANOS by Kathy Wolfe

This week, Tidbits tickles the ivories in commemoration of National Piano Month.

• Way back in the 3rd century B.C., the ancient Greeks were playing one of the earliest known keyboard instruments, the hydraulis, or water organ, with consisted of pipes with a valve that was opened when the key was pressed, releasing air through the pipe. In the 12th century, the keyed stringed monochord was improved upon until it became the clavichord, State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1301900 State Farm Indemnity Company, Bloomington, IL State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1301900 State Farm Indemnity Company, Bloomington, IL with sound produced by striking iron strings with small metal blades. The 14th century brought the innovation of drawing wire made of iron, gold, silver, or brass through steel Carpet Cleaning plates. Even Leonardo da Vinci got into the www.elitecarpetsgf.com act, designing a stringed keyboard instrument Carpet Cleaning • Carpet in the late 1400s. Sixteenth-century harpsiCleaning SPECIAL! chords had strings that were plucked by quills • Upholstery $99 when keys were pressed. Cleaning ®

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• The inventor of what has become today’s well-known instrument is credited to an Italian harpsichord maker, Bartolomeo Cristofori, who, around 1700, developed the first piano. He called it “un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte,” which translates, “a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud.” It was later shortened to “pianoforte,” then later, just “piano.” Cristofori’s first piano had small leather-covered hammers.

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6. Who voiced the character of John Smith in Disney’s animated “Pocahontas”? What is another name for the 7. Who was the first graduate piano’s sustain pedal? of West Point to serve as U.S. What is the first note on a president? standard 88-key piano? 8. Which is the shallowest of What is the last note on a the Great Lakes? standard 88-key piano? 9. What’s the next line in the What do you call a scale where song after “Flintstones, meet you play every white and every the Flintstones...”? black key? TRIVIA What’s the capital of Florida? SPONSORED BY:

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PIANOS (continued):

• Although Cristofori produced about 20 pianos, his first love was harpsichords, and he went back to their production. Three of his original pianos survive today, including a 1720 model, with four octaves, which can be found in New York City’s Metropolitan Museum of Art. • In the mid-1700s, the keyboard expanded to five octaves. The Industrial Revolution ushered in a more powerful piano sound, with the advent of high-quality piano wire and the casting of massive single-piece iron frames. By 1810, keyboards had six octaves, and the modern-day seven octaves by 1820. In 1826, leather and cotton hammer coverings were replaced by felt. • The piano has earned the nickname “King of the Instruments,” because of its phenomenal range. It spans from the lowest note that can be played on a double-bassoon to the highest note that can be played on a piccolo, a full orchestral range. The piano is considered a member of the percussion family because it only makes a sound when a hammer hits a string. It’s an independent instrument, meaning it can play melody and accompaniment at the same time. • About 70% of a piano is wood. There are more than 12,000 parts, of which 10,000 are moving parts. Keys are generally made from hardwoods such as fir, spruce, or sugar pine. Up until the 1950s, piano keys were covered with ebony and ivory (hence, the phrase “tickle the ivories”). When the use of ivory was banned, and ebony became rare and very expensive, the switch was made to plastic. • The term “grand” was first used to describe a piano in 1777. A grand piano has a horizontal frame with strings extending out from the keyboard. Different sizes have different names. A concert grand measures between 7’ 3” and 9’ 10”, which a parlor grand is 5’ 7” to 7’ 3”. A baby grand is about 4’ 11”. ...continued

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PIANOS (continued):

• An upright piano’s frame and strings are vertical. This is the type typically seen in churches, community centers, and schools. A studio piano is about 42 to 45 inches tall, the shortest cabinet that can house a full-sized action above the keyboard. The spinet piano has the action below the keyboard.

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• Although most modern pianos have 88 keys – 52 white and 36 black – the Austrian Bosendorfer company’s Imperial concert grand has nine extra bass keys. • The lower notes of a piano each have two strings, but the majority of the keys’ hammers strike three strings each time a note is played. This accounts for the fuller sound of the piano as opposed to a harpsichord, on which a single string is plucked. There are a total of 230 strings to accommodate the 88 keys. Each string has about 165 pounds of tension. The greater the tension of the string, the better the sound quality and the louder the sound. • Because thicker strings vibrate at a lower rate than a thin string, they produce lower pitches. • Although we refer to the “C” closest to the middle of the keyboard as “middle C”, it’s not the exact middle of the keyboard. That is actually the space between E and F above “middle C.” • The name Engelhard Steinweg might not be familiar, but his company certainly is. In 1853, Steinweg Americanized his name to Henry E. Steinway and his family received their first piano patent in 1857. They began building pianos one by one. The Steinway is the choice of 98% of concert pianists. A new Steinway 9-ft. concert grand will set you back between $160,000 and $200,000. ...continued

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• On Sept. 11, 1857, Mormon guerillas, stoked by religious zeal, murder 120 emigrants at Mountain Meadows, Utah. The conflict with the wagon train of emigrants apparently began when the Mormons refused to sell the train any supplies. • On Sept. 10, 1897, London taxi driver George Smith, 25, becomes the first person ever arrested for drunk driving after slamming his cab into a building. In 1936, a professor of toxicology patented the Drunkometer, a balloon-like device into which people would breathe to determine whether they were inebriated. • On Sept. 13, 1916, author Roald Dahl ("Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" and "James and the Giant Peach") is born in South Wales. In World War II, he became a Royal Air Force fighter pilot and was shot down, suffering serious injuries. He saved a piece of his femur and later used it as a paperweight in his office. • On Sept. 15, 1931, the Philadelphia Athletics beat the Cleveland Indians to clinch their thirdstraight American League pennant under legendary manager Connie Mack. Mack made a career of developing star players and then, once the players' talents had peaked, selling their contracts for a profit. • On Sept. 16, 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Selective Service and Training Act, which required all male citizens between the ages of 26 and 35 to register for the military draft. • On Sept. 14, 1955, Little Richard records "Tutti Frutti." The racy lyrics, however, needed changes to pass the censors. Once those were made, the song was recorded in 15 minutes. • On Sept. 12, 1972, William Boyd, best known for his role as Hopalong Cassidy, dies at age 77. By 1950, American children had made Hopalong Cassidy the seventh most popular TV show and were madly snapping up cowboy hats and six-shooters. © 2018 Hearst Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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September is Hunger Action Month The Lions Clubs of Grand Forks and the RSVP program are partnering with Great Plains Food Bank for a FOOD DRIVE. Drop off non-perishable food items, personal care items or fresh produce each Saturday at the Farmer’s Market and pick up an Orange Ribbon to raise awareness of local hunger. One thing you can do to prevent hunger: volunteer to be a Meals on Wheels driver at your local senior center. Thank you for your support 701-520-4960 | LynnellP@lssnd.org www.greatplainsfoodbank.org

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PIANOS (continued):

• At one time, the honor of world’s longest grand piano belonged to an 11’8”-long instrument manufactured by the Charles H. Challen Company in 1935. It weighed over 2 tons. In 2005, at age 16, New Zealand teenager Adrian Mann decided to build a piano entirely by hand, working in a farm shed. Four years later, the result was an amazing instrument measuring 18.7 feet in length. After a nationwide tour of New Zealand, the piano returned home to Mann’s workshop, available for public view. • The first electric piano was introduced in the late 1940s. Metal tines replaced the strings and an electromagnetic pickup similar to those on an electric guitar was used. Digital pianos were brought to the market in 1980. Yamaha, Japan’s first piano manufacturer, established in 1887, introduced its popular Clavinova digital piano in 1985.

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• Canadian manufacturer Heintzman Pianos built the official piano for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Chinese pianist Lang Lang played the 9-ft. Crystal Piano for the first time at opening ceremonies. The instrument was later sold at auction for $3.22 million, making it the most expensive piano in the world. • Piano tuners recommend that a new piano be tuned four times the first year, with each change of seasons, and twice a year after that. • American homes, businesses, churches, and institutions are home to more than 10 million pianos.

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• Artichokes were introduced to France, the Netherlands, and England in the 1500s, and were brought to the United States in the 19th century in the 1800s by French and Spanish immigrants. However, they weren’t widely grown in America until the 20th century. The ancients believed that eating artichokes would secure the birth of a male child to a pregnant woman. • The artichoke plant grows to a height of 4.6 to 6.6 feet tall, and can spread up to 9 feet in diameter. An artichoke is really just a flower bulb that hasn’t bloomed, and if it’s left alone, a lovely pink or purple flower, 7 inches in diameter, will appear out of the globe. Each flower head has silvery-green leaves 20 to 32 inches long. The part of this vegetable that we eat is actually the bud, with the fleshy heart at the end of each leaf petal. • The average artichoke plant produces about 20 artichokes a year. • Artichokes are the primary flavor of popular Italian liqueur called Cynar. This 33-proof dark brown liqueur, launched in 1952, has a bittersweet flavor, and is usually mixed with orange juice.

• Although artichokes are a little labor-intensive to eat, the reward is well worth the effort. They are rich in antioxidants, Vitamins C, K, and B-complex. They also contain copper, calcium potassium, iron, manganese, and phosphorus. A substance called cynarin present in artichokes helps improve liver and kidney functions, aiding in detoxing the body and improving digestion. Some studies indicate that extract from artichoke leaves may slow down the growth of leukemia cells. • There are 60 calories in a medium artichoke. • To cook an artichoke to perfection, boil it in a large pot of water, lightly salted, until a skewer pierces through the middle easily. Garlic and lemon may also be added to the water to enhance the flavor. The time varies from 20 to 40 minutes, depending on the size of the vegetable. Most folks dip the leaves in butter or a dressing, and pull the leave through their teeth to get to the fleshy end. When all the petals are off, the heart, the tastiest part, remains to be prepared as a side dish or added to salads or pasta.

Answer

• Botanically, the artichoke is a perennial plant that is part of the thistle family, with its origins in the Mediterranean. In ancient Greece it was known as “Ankinara,” and was heralded for its medicinal qualities. Greek author Homer mentioned it in his writings in the 8th century B.C. As a food, it was consumed only by wealthy citizens, and poor people were not allowed to eat them.

Weekly SUDOKU

This week, let’s have a look at the artichoke, a member of the Asteraceae family.

• The world’s top artichoke producer is Italy, followed by Spain, France, and Egypt. Nearly all of the United States’ artichoke crop is produced in California, with shipments of nearly 4 million cases of artichokes a year, adding over $50 million to the state’s economy annually. The community of Castroville refers to itself as the “Artichoke Center of the World,” and an artichoke festival is held there every Spring, where an Artichoke Queen is crowned. In 1947, the festival’s first year, that queen was none other than Marilyn Monroe!

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August 27, 2018

• Whenever I’m at the dollar store, I make sure to pick up an assortment of general purpose greeting cards. People really love to get snail mail. There’s just something about a colorful envelope addressed to you sitting in the mailbox that makes you smile. So I send cards for special occasions and often for no reason at all. The cost — $1.50 for card and postage — is small compared with the joy they bring. • “Make a pincushion for pointy tools in the shop: Glue a piece of rigid foam to a plywood base for stability. Then just stab screwdrivers, needle nose pliers and the like right into the foam for easy and secure access. This also works to keep drill bits in place.” — T.F. in Virginia • To clean your coffeemaker and your drain in one fell swoop, brew up a pot of hot vinegar water. Simply add equal parts white vinegar and water to your coffeemaker and brew for a cycle. In the meantime, add a cup of baking soda to your drain. When the pot is done brewing, pour it slowly down the drain. Then run another cycle of plain water through your coffeemaker. Nice and fresh! • When is the last time you cleaned your natural bristle brush? These brushes are essential for redistributing oil from the scalp to the end of the hair, but they need a bath regularly to get rid of old oils and scalp cells. Use a plain shampoo or mild soap, and rinse thoroughly. Be sure not to soak a wood-handled brush, as it can compromise the wood. • “Keep the fridge smelling fresh with this simple trick: put a small bowl of baking soda in the back, near the vent going to/from the freezer. Circulating air will be refreshed as it passes over the bowl, since baking soda absorbs smells.” — N.N. in Idaho Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

Protect Yourself From West Nile Virus West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne disease that first showed up in our region in 2002. This virus has been present every year since 2002. Grand Forks Mosquito Control has identified WNV in mosquitoes and birds collected from the Grand Forks region. We cannot eliminate this virus. The Health Department urges citizens to take personal precautions to avoid mosquito bites. The type of mosquito most common for transmitting WNV is present in our area and is most active from dusk until dawn. This virus can be deadly. Help fight the bite and prevent mosquito-borne disease.

How can people reduce their chance of getting WNV? The most effective way to prevent WNV is to avoid mosquito bites: • Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors from dusk through dawn. • Apply insect repellents when you go outdoors. Repellents containing DEET provide the best protection. • Reduce the number of mosquitoes around your home by eliminating standing water from containers such as flowerpots, gutters, buckets, pool covers, discarded tires, and birdbaths. Anything that holds water for more than a week could be producing mosquitoes.

How do people get infected with WNV? Most people get infected with WNV by an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds. Infected mosquitoes can then spread the virus to humans and other animals. In a very small number of cases, West Nile virus has been spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.

What are the symptoms of WNV? No symptoms in most people. Most people (70-80%) who become infected with West Nile virus do not develop any symptoms. Febrile illness in some people. About 1 in 5 people who are infected will develop a fever with other symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Most people with this type of West Nile virus disease recover completely, but fatigue and weakness can last for weeks or months. Severe symptoms in a few people. Less than 1% of people who are infected will develop a serious neurologic illness such as encephalitis or meningitis (inflammation of the brain or surrounding tissues). The symptoms of neurologic illness can include headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, tremors, seizures, or paralysis. Recovery from severe disease may take several weeks or months. Some of the neurologic effects may be permanent. About 10 percent of people who develop neurologic infection due to West Nile virus will die.

Who is at risk for serious illness if infected with WNV? Serious illness can occur in people of any age. However, people over 60 years of age are at the greatest risk for severe disease. People with certain medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and people who have received organ transplants, are also at greater risk for serious illness. For information about mosquito control visit our website at www.gfmosquito.com

by Samantha Weaver

• It was Scott Adams, best known as the creator of the "Dilbert" comic strip, who made the following observation: "Give a man a fish, and you'll feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he'll buy a funny hat. Talk to a hungry man about fish, and you're a consultant." • According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word that has the largest number of different meanings is "set"; it takes 26 pages to detail them all. • As fall approaches, here's some good news: Except for the queens, all wasps die in the autumn. • There are those who feel that we should adopt the metric system of measurement, claiming that our current system is outdated and archaic. To go truly archaic, though, we could start measuring things in flags, baronies, falls, roods, townships and hides. Yes, those are actual terms of measurement. They equal, respectively, 25 square feet, 4,000 acres, 342 square feet, a quarter of an acre, 36 square miles and 10 acres. • Do you suffer from misoneism? Quite a few people these days seem to; it's a hatred or fear of change or innovation. • Between Memorial Day and Labor Day, it's estimated that Americans eat a whopping 818 hot dogs every second. • In 1938, Fortune magazine published a prediction that, in hindsight, turns out to have been rather egregiously off the mark: "Few scientists foresee any serious or practical use for atomic energy. They regard the atom-splitting experiments as useful steps in the attempt to describe the atom more accurately, not as the key to the unlocking of any new power." *** Thought for the Day: "Should you shield the canyons from the windstorms, you would never see the true beauty of their carvings." -- Elisabeth Kubler-Ross © 2018 King Features Synd., Inc.

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No, Tidbits isn’t growling at you! We’re just bringing you an odd assortment of words that begin with the letters "GR-". • Graminivorous is a big word with a very simple meaning. It just refers to creatures that feed on grass or the seeds of grass, which encompasses a wide variety of living things, from insects to locusts and grasshoppers, birds, horses, cattle, hippopotamuses, and giant pandas. • Grampus has nothing to do with your family lineage. It refers to a species of dolphin, Risso’s dolphin, named for the first person to document it publicly, Antoine Risso. These are large dolphins, about 10 feet long, although they might reach a length of 13 feet. It’s not unusual for them to weigh 1,100 lbs. These dolphins are found in temperate and tropical waters, including the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea. They even travel as far north as the Gulf of Alaska, journeying in pods of 10 to 50 members, organized by age and gender. • A griffon is a mythical creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion, and the head, wings, and front talons of an eagle. It combined the king of the beasts, the lion, with the king of birds, the eagle, making it the very powerful and majestic king of all creatures. They were believed to be the guardians of treasure and precious possessions, and were said to lay eggs similar to gold nuggets. In the canine world, griffons are a collection of breeds that were originally hunting dogs, including wirehaired pointers griffons. A Brussels griffon is a small, playful, terrier-like breed that barks shrilly when excited. • If you’ve delivered a speech described as grandiloquent, it’s not a compliment! It means the tone of your speech was pompous, pretentious, too fancy, used excessive verbal ornamentation, and was long-winded. In other words, next time … tone it down!

"GR-" WORDS (cont'd):

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• According to medieval lore, the Knights of King Arthur’s Round Table were seekers of the Holy Grail. The term might come from the Old Answer: Dell. French language, translating “royal blood.” It’s A VERY LARGE NUMBER described as the dish, plate, or chalice used by •Jesus Edward Kasner a mathematician. 1938 at the Last was Supper, and used byInPharihe was asked to come up with a name forofa see Joseph of Arimathea to collect the blood very large number: the numeral one, followed Jesus at His crucifixion. According to legend, by a hundred zeros. He asked his two young the Grail possessed nephews what namemiraculous they would powers, suggest. such as the power to heal wounds, deliver eternal • Nine-year-old Milton suggested a name youth, and grant everlasting happiness. out of the funnies. A cartoon strip character • Innamed 1812 and 1815, thevery German Brothers Grimm Barney was popular. Milton chose Barney’s last for the published two name volumes ofnumber. children’s stories have announced gone on to the be available more •that Kasner new namein for thethan big number in his next book, altering the Wilhelm spelling. 100 languages. Although Jacob and were later, academics studying law at Brin uni•Grimm Sixty years Larry Page and Sergey versity, theyabecame fascinated folkOther tales developed new internet searchwith engine. search engines and compiled thesearched volumeseach that webpage included and the ranked them according to how many “Sleeptimes a now-well-known tales of “Cinderella,” specific term appeared on them, but Page and ing Beauty,” “Snow White,” “Rapunzel,” Brin designed their search engine to search for “Rumpelstiltskin,” “Little Red Riding Hood,” the specific term and then find out how many “Hansel and Gretel,” and hundreds of other links there were that led back to that page, fables. brothers noted grammarwhichThe resulted in a were betteralso search engine. ians, and compiled a German dictionary. • They decided they needed a name that • Most of us have the Grammy reflected how watched many websites the Awards search atengine one time another, presented forthe achievewasorsearching. They took name of Edward Kasner’s very large number, ment in the music industry. Do you knowonly the they misspelled it slightly, so it ended up being name’s origins? It was originally called the spelled exactly thenamed same for wayan the Gramophone Award, old cartoon phonocharacter Barney spelled his last name. What’s graph, with the name gramophone registered as it called? (Answer at bottom of page) a trademark since 1887. The Awards ceremony FACTS was first heldCOMPUTER in 1959, honoring the performers •ofIn1958 1981in Bill Gates said, “640 kbToday, of memory 28 different categories. there ought to be enough for anybody.” are 84 categories. The gold-plated trophies are •manufactured Moore’s Law in states that computer performance Ridgway, Colorado, from a doubles every 18 to 24 months, and ever since zinc alloy named grammium. The individual 1971, has Grammy been true.Awards is Sir Georg with thethis most •Solti, HP, conductor Google, Microsoft, and Apple wereOrall of the Chicago Symphony startedfor in garages. chestra 22 years. His total awards are 31, followedGoogle, by Quincy with 27. Answer: fromJones googol.

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Sports Answers 1. Boston’s Jacoby Ellsbury, 2009 2. Randy Myers had 53 saves for Cubs in 1993. 3. 1906 Cubs and 2001 Mariners won 116 games

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