Tidbits of Grand Forks - February 13, 2020 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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The word “alcohol” has its origins in “al-kohl,” Arabic for the finely ground grey metal called antimony that was used as eyeliner. It came to mean any exotic essence. Come along with Tidbits as we consider the origins of alcohol!

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• “Ebrius” is Latin for drunk (“inebriated”) and “sobrius” means sober. • The word “drunk” has more than 2,000 synonyms: inebriated, intoxicated, under the in0901136.1 701-775-5522 Grand Forks, ND fluence, saturated, State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1301900 StateState Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company IL Indemnity Company, Bloomington, 1301900 ** soaked, smashed, soused, State FarmFarm Indemnity Company, Bloomington, IL sloshed, bombed, loaded, tipsy, etc. The Best, Newest, FILE YOUR TAXES WITH PAID TAX PREPARATION • A distiller named E.C. Booze had a brand Townhome & APPLY FOR AN of whiskey called Old Log Cabin. Booze’s * Apartments in EASY ADVANCE Old Log Cabin has faded into obscurity, but 720 S Washington St Greater Grand Forks! (Next to Italian Moon) UP $ Booze’s name has come into our language as Grand$ Forks, ND 58201 TO (701) 746-1750 a general term for alcohol. • The Hoocheno Indians of Alaska came up with an alcoholic brew that could knock a 720 S. Washington St. PROMO: CASH50 man flat. It became known as hooch. (Next to Italian Moon) Grand Forks, ND 58201 • Port wine is named for the Portuguese city 701-746-1750 that is was shipped from— Oporto. An Easy Advance* is a loan secured by your tax refund and is offered by Repub• Bourbon comes from Bourbon County, Kenlic Bank & Trust Company, member FDIC, to eligible taxpayers. Loan amount options are based on your expected Federal refund less authorized fees. If apNOW LEASING! proved for an Easy Advance, a Finance Charge will apply. Loan is subject to tucky, where it was invented. underwriting and approval.Visit your Liberty Tax office to learn about cost, timing and availability of all filing and product options. Valid at participating locations. 701 .775 .5544 Valid Jan. 2- Feb. 28, 2020. • Vodka is the Russian word for “little water.” • Whiskey comes from a Gaelic phrase meanIt only Takes One Pint ing “water of life.” Turn the page for more! To Perk-Up Another policy. Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there.® CALL ME TODAY.

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ORIGINS OF ALCOHOL (cont.)

• Rye comes from rye grain.

• Scotch was first made in Scotland. • The naturally carbonated water at Selters in Prussia (now Germany) gave us seltzer. • An illegitimate son of Henry IV of France invented gin and named it after the juniper berry from which it’s made— “genever” in old French. • “Lager” is the German word for storehouse, where the beer is kept until mature. • Bock is an English buck or goat, and anyone who drinks more than a couple bock beers will soon be acting like one.

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4. What decade did the first beer in cans go on sale? 5. In what U.S. city will you find the Leinenkugel’s brewery? 6. In what U.S. city will you find the Jack Daniels Distillery? 7. Which U.S. state drinks the most beer per capita? 8. T or F: The first brewery built in North America was in the 1600s. TRIVIA SPONSORED BY:

1. What country produces the most beer? 2. During Prohibition, what percent of inmates in federal prisons were there due to violation of liquor laws? 3. What percent of highway deaths in the U.S. each year are alcohol-related— 19%, 22%, 25% or 28%?

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• Brandy takes its name from the Dutch “brandewijn” and the German “branntwein” meaning “burned wine” because it’s distilled. • The focal point of Irish social life is the pub. This is a term derived from “public house.” • The word “saloon” comes from the French “salon” which came from the Italian “salone” meaning “large hall.” • It’s called a “bar” because of the metal rod, or bar (short for “barrier”) that typically runs the length of the bar. • The word “tavern” originates from the Latin “taberna” meaning “inn” which is also the source of the word “tabernacle.” • At pubs, beer is served by the pint or the quart, which are abbreviated ‘P’ and ‘Q’ on the patron’s bar tab. If a bar owner was concerned that someone was running up too much of a bill, he might tell the person to “mind your Ps and Qs.” • A tab was often called a “scot” and if the tavern’s owner lost the scot or forgot to write the drink down on the scot, the drinker got off “scot-free.” ...continued

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ORIGINS OF ALCOHOL (cont.)

• It was illegal to take alcohol onto Indian reservations, so smugglers would hide the flasks in their boots, resulting in the word “bootleg.” • Kahlua is a Mexican coffee-flavored liqueur, whose name is derived from the native Acolhua people, who were allies of the Aztecs. • In the 1600s, ladies who drank wine would protect their fancy dresses with a lace hanky wrapped around their neck like a bib and tucked into their neck. Sipping wine was called bibbing and the lacy neckerchief was called a tucker. Nowadays when you put on your best bib and tucker, you are referring to the olden days of bibbing tuckers. • Amethyst is quartz tinted purple through a combination of iron and irradiation. Its name comes from the Greek word for “not drunk” because it was thought that amethyst would prevent the effects of alcohol. • According to folk medicine, when a person was bitten by a rabid dog, a sure cure was to tie some hairs from that dog in a bandage over the bite wound. It didn't work, and neither does having a glass of “the hair of the dog that bit you” when suffering from a hangover.

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• In the 1830s, a temperance society in Michigan was campaigning against the evils of drink. They offered their members two pledges: one was a pledge of moderate drinking, the other was a pledge of total abstinence. On the membership rolls those who had made pledges were identified as either “O.P.” for those who had taken the “Old Pledge” to drink moderately, or “T-Total” for those who embraced total abstinence. This group eventually became known as Teetotalers.

*Answer located further back in this issue.

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ORIGINS OF ALCOHOL (cont.):

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• A man named Colonel Taylor wanted to raise the popularity of his bourbon, named Old Taylor. He hired men to collect all the old empty bottles of Old Taylor, and shipped three freight car loads to New York City. Another crew of men set up the empty bottles on mantels and shelves in bars, restaurants, and clubs all across town. Having rows of empties gave the impression that Old Taylor was the most popular drink in the town, and New Yorkers began to order. Shortly Old Taylor was well on its way to popularity. • Rudolph Kunett bought the American rights to Smirnoff vodka from Vladimire Smirnoff himself. In 1934, he set up America’s first vodka distillery in Connecticut— and then faced the problem of how to get people to drink the stuff. It was viewed as suspect because it was from Russia, considered to be a politically subversive country. • In 1939, Kunett sold the company to John Martin, inventor of A-1 Steak Sauce. Sales remained slow until one day a distributor in South Carolina ordered 500 cases. Martin went to visit the man to find out why he suddenly needed so much vodka. • When Kunett sold the company to Martin, he was running out of corks that said “Smirnoff Vodka” on them. Instead, for his last batch, he used up all his corks that said “Smirnoff Whiskey.” They had been left over from a doomed attempted to expand the line of liquor into whiskey. A curious salesman sampled this new clear kind of whiskey, and found it good. He put up signs advertising “Smirnoff's White Whiskey. No taste. No smell.” Whereas vodka didn’t sell because it was an unfamiliar product, white whiskey sold like crazy because everyone knew what whiskey was. Smirnoff sales took off.

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• It was American humorist Evan Esar who came up the following definition: "Statistics: The only science that enables different experts using the same figures to draw different conclusions." • The Emperor Charlemagne, who conquered much of Western and Central Europe during the first century, had an unusual relationship with his daughters. He refused to allow them to get married, but he evidently had no objections to their forming, shall we say, less formal relationships. He doted on his illegitimate grandchildren and even gave money and gifts to their fathers. • If you look at a list of the names of the 50 states, you'll find every letter of the alphabet except Q. • For reasons unknown, a law in New Jersey forbids the sale of cabbage on Sunday. • You won't be surprised to learn that the most dangerous device that is common in the modern world is the automobile. You might be surprised to learn, though, that the second most dangerous is the stair step.

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"SCHINDLER'S LIST"

• During World War II, Oskar Schindler saved over 1,000 Jews by employing them in his factories and shielding them from the Nazis. One of the Jews he saved was a man named Leopold Page. When the war ended, Page moved to Beverly Hills and set up a shop on Rodeo Driver selling leather goods. He kept trying to get Hollywood interested in telling Schindler’s story. • One day in 1980 a novelist came into Page’s shop to buy a briefcase. Page told him Schindler’s story, and the author ended up writing a book about it, called “Schindler’s List.” By the time it was published in 1982, Schindler had been dead for 8 years.

• Big-name actors including Kevin Costner, Mel Gibson, and Warren Beatty auditioned for the lead role, but Spielberg decided he didn’t want a famous actor for the part. A relatively unknown actor named Liam Neeson had auditioned for the part, and then went on to accept a role in a Broadway play. One evening after the play ended, there was a knock on Neeson’s dressing room door. He opened the door to find Steven Spielberg, offering him the role as Oskar Schindler. • Branko Lustig became the producer after showing Spielberg his tattooed serial number from Auschwitz on his arm. • Leopold Page was employed as a consultant.

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• Spielberg originally wanted to shoot the movie completely in Polish and German using subtitles, but he eventually decided against it because it would detract from the urgency of the images onscreen. He decided • The president of Universal Stuto shoot the film in black and white instead of color in dios loved the book and bought the film rights, asking order to better portray the era. It turned out to be the Steven Spielberg to direct the movie. Spielberg agreed most expensive black and white movie ever made, in and then immediately got cold feet. He was worried spite of having a very trim budget of only $22 milabout properly portraying such an intense subject. lion. • Spielberg asked several other directors if they would • Much of the film was shot in the Jewish ghetto of take on the project, including Roman Polanski. Polan- Krakow over the course of 92 days. However, a repski told him that he had been incarcerated by the Nazis lica of the Plaszow concentration camp was also built in the Krakow ghetto in Poland until he escaped at the on the edge of the town, making it one of the largest age of 8, and that his mother had died in Auschwitz. sets ever constructed in Poland. He declined to take on the film, though he later won an Oscar for his 2003 film “The Pianist” which is also • Spielberg refused to take any pay for his work on this film. Instead, he used his portion of the profits about the Holocaust. to found the USC Shoah Foundation, established in • By the time Spielberg finally decided to make the 1994 to honor and remember the survivors of the Homovie in 1993, so much time had passed that Universal locaust by collecting personal recollections and audio Studios balked, thinking the film too risky. They struck visual interviews. an agreement with Spielberg: if he first made a lucrative summer blockbuster called “Jurassic Park,” they • “Schindler’s List” was nominated for 12 Academy would bankroll his passion project “Schindler’s List” Awards and won seven of them. to be released in December.

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February 3, 2020

• A squirt of shaving cream can help release latex paint specks on your hands from using a roller brush. Just rub over hands and rinse. • Baked apples (or stuffed peppers) will stay perfectly upright if you set them into the wells of a muffin tin. • Make your own bath oil by mixing a couple of drops of your favorite perfume with a bit of baby oil. Just rub on post-bath or add to your bathwater. • “Recently I cooked a big batch of broccoli in the afternoon. The house had that cabbage smell. I don’t like air fresheners because the strong smell gives me a headache. My neighbor told me to boil a couple of cups of vinegar and let it simmer for 10 minutes. At first, the vinegar smell replaced the cabbage smell, but then it totally disappeared and all the smells were gone too.” — E.Y. in Pennsylvania • “Use your vegetable peeler to make strips of butter if it’s cold and you need to spread it on bread. The strips’ large amount of surface area help the butter to soften quickly, making it easy to spread.” — M.M. in Texas • “Get king-size pillowcases from a thrift store to cover a diaper changing pad. They are the right size and cheap!” — D.L. in Florida Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

• On Feb. 22, 1732, George Washington is born in Westmoreland County, Virginia. As leader of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, his success was due in part to his shrewd use of the "ungentlemanly," but effective, tactic of guerrilla warfare against British armies used to closeformation battle-line warfare. • On Feb. 19, 1878, the technology that made possible the modern music business comes into existence in a New Jersey laboratory as Thomas Edison creates the first device to both record sound and play it back: the phonograph. • On Feb. 18, 1885, Mark Twain publishes his famous -- and famously controversial -- novel "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." Twain first introduced Huck Finn as the best friend of Tom Sawyer, hero of his novel "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" (1876). • On Feb. 17, 1947, with the words, "Hello! This is New York calling," the U.S. Voice of America begins transmitting its radio broadcasts into the Soviet Union. The VOA began in 1942 as a radio program designed to explain America's policies during World War II and to bolster the morale of its allies. • On Feb. 23, 1958, Formula One champion Juan Manuel Fangio of Argentina is kidnapped in Cuba by a group of Fidel Castro's rebels. Fangio was taken from his Havana hotel the day before the Cuba Grand Prix and was released unharmed after the race ended. • On Feb. 21, 1970, national security adviser Henry Kissinger begins secret peace talks with North Vietnamese representative Le Duc Tho at a villa outside Paris. The North Vietnamese were demanding an unconditional U.S. withdrawal on a fixed date. • On Feb. 20, 1998, American Tara Lipinski wins the gold medal in women's figure skating at the Olympic Winter Games in Nagano, Japan, becoming the sport's youngest gold medalist at age 15. © 2020 Hearst Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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ORIGIN OF THE COCKTAIL

• H.L. Mencken gathered over 40 stories concerning the origin of the cocktail. The one thing that is certain about the cocktail is that the word first appeared in print in 1806. • The story goes a widow owned a tavern around 1779 in New York. There she entertained rebel soldiers. They often complained about a nearby English neighbor who irritated them by prospering. He owned excellent chickens and the tavern owner often promised to serve her customers a meal of stolen chicken. After being teased for her failure to live up to her promise, her friends one evening were served not only Roast Stolen Rooster but also, for dessert, were treated to a drink composed of rum and fruit juice with a feather from the stolen chicken’s tail as decoration. “More cock tails!” shouted one officer, and so the cocktail was born. • According to legend, there was an inn in Virginia called the Cock and Bottle. In those days, a cock was another word for the wooden tap on a draft beer barrel, so a sign that had both a picture of a cock and a bottle on it would indicate that the tavern served both draft beer and wine. The “tail” was the muddy dregs at the bottom of the barrel, served to patrons for a cut rate. Legend says that a customer was once so outraged at the poor quality of the cock’s tail he was served that he vowed he would henceforth drink only cock tails of his own brewing and immediately mixed up various ingredients in order to make a more palatable drink – the first cocktail. • Another theory is that in somebody’s bar in some American harbor, leftover bits of drinks that were served but not consumed were dumped together in a container shaped like a rooster. Customers could get cheap drinks from a tap set in the tail of the rooster, the cock’s tail. ...continued

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ORIGIN OF THE COCKTAIL (cont.)

• The story goes that a Mexican woman named Xochtil served a mixed drink to an American general, who enjoyed the drink but couldn’t pronounce her name. He called her Cocktail instead, and named the drink after her. • Or perhaps it came from an apothecary named Peychaud (of Peychaud Bitters fame) in New Orleans. This French pharmacist served medicinal liquors in small egg-shaped cups called “coquetiers” typically used for serving soft boiled eggs. Americans could not readily pronounce “coquetiers,” calling it a cocktail instead. DIFFERENCES:: DIFFERENCES 1. Apron is longer. 2. Earmuffs are removed. 3. Fence is shorter. 4. Door window is lower. 5. Footprint is missing. 6. Bow is added. © 2020 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

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• Another claim is that when cock fights were all the rage, the fighting roosters would often be fed bread soaked in alcohol in order to make them a bit more aggressive. This was known as “cock’s ale.” • And then there were the celebratory drinks served after a victorious cockfight. The owner of the winning cock would be treated to a drink that contained a number of feathers equal to the number of feathers left in the winning cock’s tail, like swizzle sticks. • Or perhaps it’s related to the West African word “kaketal” meaning scorpion, because they both have a sting. • It may have something to do with bobbing the tail of horses – trimming the tail short, or cocking it, to indicate that the horse is not a thoroughbred, as when a gentleman has a few too many to drink. • The American Heritage Dictionary defines “cocktail” as “an alcoholic drink consisting of a spirit or several spirits mixed with other ingredients, such as fruit juice, lemonade, or cream.” The dictionary solves the conundrum of the word’s origin simply by stating, “Origin unknown.”

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1. China 2. 50% 3. 28% 4. 1930s (1935)

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4. Atlanta Braves 5. 24 wins 6. East Germany won 519; West Germany won 243. 7. Four times, including this year’s game.

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