Tidbits of Grand Forks - September 17, 2020 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks September 17, 2020

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Issue # 1,186

SODA POP by Kathy Wolfe

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Tidbits invites you to drink up these facts on the history of soda pop! • Soda pop got its start in the 1760s Pop when carbonation techniques were first developed by dissolving the gas formed from the beer fermentation process in water. The technique was improved upon in 1771 when a Swedish chemist dissolved minerals in the effervescent water using chalk and sulfuric acid to create carbonation for a concoction he thought would improve stomach ailments. • In 1783, a Swiss watchmaker named Jacob Schweppe patented his own system for manufacturing carbonated mineral water, founding the Schweppes Company in Geneva. Nine years later, he moved his operation to London, where the factory began adding quinine to carbonated water to create the first soft drink, Schweppe’s Tonic Water. Schweppe’s carbonated drinks were declared the official drink of the 1851 Great Exhibition World’s Fair at London’s Crystal Palace. • In 1819, the first “soda fountain” was patented by Samuel Fahnestock, a Pennsylvania doctor who invented a system of a barrel of carbonated water with a pump and spigot to dispense it, enabling pharmacies to serve carbonated water by the glass. Bottled soda water didn’t Turn the page for more! come along until 1835.

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4. What soft drink used the song “I’d Like to Teach the World to Sing” in its 1970s ads? 1. Name the root beer bottling 5. What soda used the ad slogan company founded in 1890 by a “It’ll Tickle Your Innards”? pair of New Orleans brothers. 6. What are the four best-selling 2. What soft drink got its start at sodas in the United States? a roadside stand in Lodi, Cali- 7. Name the 1957 song with fornia, run by Roy Allen? this lyric: “Hello, baby, let’s 3. Name the soft drink that used a get somethin’ goin’, Headin’ rooster named Fresh-Up Freddown to the drugstore die as its advertising mascot in to getTRIVIA a soda pop” the 1950s. SPONSORED BY:

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SODA POP (continued)

• The addition of flavors began with ginger around 1820, lemon in the 1830s, and tonic in 1858. Ginger ale was created in 1851 in Belfast, Ireland, by Thomas Cantrell, an Irish apothecary and surgeon. A Canadian pharmacist, John McLaughlin, opened a carbonated water plant in Toronto in 1890, mixing the water with flavorings and fruit juices. He patented his recipe, Canada Dry Pale Ginger Ale, in 1907. • By 1860, 123 plants bottling soft drink water were in operation in the U.S. Seltzers flavored with at least 15 different fruits were available. The term “pop” was coined in 1861. • An Atlanta pharmacist, John Pemberton, introduced Coca-Cola in 1886 after creating the concoction in a brass kettle in his backyard. Pemberton, a former Confederate colonel, had been injured in the Civil War and subsequently became addicted to morphine. It was his idea to invent a substitute for the drug, and combined coca leaves and kola nuts (a source of caffeine) as a medicine, claiming that it cured morphine addiction, indigestion, nerve disorders, and headaches. He sold his now-famous formula the following year to a fellow Atlanta pharmacist for $2,300.

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• A full year before Pemberton introduced CocaCola, a Waco, Texas pharmacist was serving his brew known as Dr. Pepper in Morrison’s Old Corner Drug Store. Inventor Charles Alderton introduced it to the nation at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair. As with other carbonated mixtures, Alderton touted Dr. Pepper’s medicinal properties, with advertising stating that it “aids digestion and restores vim, vigor, and vitality.”

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4. Name the Arizona Cardinals head coach who ranted “[The Bears] are who we thought they were! And we let ‘em off the hook!” in a 2006 postgame press conference after his team’s late collapse vs. the Chicago Bears on “Monday Night Football.” 5. Which team won more head-to-head games in the Michigan vs. Ohio State “Ten Year War” football rivalry from 1969-78?

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SODA POP (continued)

• Yet another pharmacist was hard at work on a new formula, this time in North Carolina. In 1898, Caleb Bradham blended kola nut extract, vanilla, and “rare oils,” calling his blend “Brad’s Drink,” introducing it at his New Bern drug store. He later changed the name to Pepsi-Cola, named after the terms “pepsin” and “cola.” He also peddled his invention as a drink that aided digestion, much like the pepsin enzyme – even though Pepsi didn’t contain the enzyme! • In 1899, a revolutionary patent was issued, one for a glass-blowing machine used to produce glass bottles for soda pop. • Claud Hatcher was another Georgia pharmacist and grocer who sold large quantities of CocaCola to his customers in the early 1900s. Hatcher felt that his considerable sales entitled him to a discount or commission of some kind. When he was denied, he set to work to develop his own soda in the store’s basement, and in 1905, Hatcher introduced his Royal Crown Ginger Ale, closely followed by his root beer and Chero-Cola, a cherry-flavored cola that proved he was a force to be reckoned with. He was so successful that he sold the store to become a full-time soda bottler. In 1924, Hatcher debuted a variety of orange, grape, root beer, and peach sodas under the name of Nehi. Royal Crown broke ground in many areas, including the first canned soda, the first caffeine-free soda, and the first 16-oz. size. • California chemist Neil Ward experimented with a formula for an orange-based soda for four years before marketing his new beverage, Orange Crush, in 1916. The drink featured orange pulp in the bottles to give it that “fresh squeezed” appeal, although the pulp was added after the brewing process. Still popular today, Crush comes in additional flavors of grape, strawberry, pineapple, watermelon, peach, cherry, and grapefruit.

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• In 1929, Charles Grigg launched a new drink with a complicated name, “Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda.” The name was a bit cumbersome and within a few years, it was changed to 7Up. The formula contained lithium citrate, an ingredient in several patented medicines for improving moods, in fact, still in use for treating bi-polarism. In 1948, the government banned the use of lithium citrate in sodas. 7Up wasn’t Grigg’s first undertaking in the soft drink world. In 1919, his first soda, an orange drink called Whistle was marketed, followed by his second endeavor, Howdy, another orange-flavored drink. But when the drinks couldn’t compare with the popularity of Orange Crush, he moved onto lemon-lime flavors. • By 1920, the U.S. was home to more than 5,000 bottling plants. The first automatic vending machine that dispensed soda into cups was introduced during this decade. • Brothers Barney and Ally Hartman got their start at an Orange Crush bottling plant in Augusta, Georgia. After the Great Depression closed the plant, they moved to Knoxville, Tennessee. Here they began tinkering with a soda that would be the perfect mixer to complement their favorite whiskey. The brothers named their blend Mountain Dew, a slang phrase used by the Scottish and Irish to describe Scotch whiskey and by the Appalachian people as a term for moonshine. The bottle was designed to look like it was a bootlegged beverage brewed in the mountain stills of Appalachia, decorated with outhouses and hillbillies, including Grandpappy, an old bearded Appalachian man brandishing a gun. The drink they introduced in the 1940s had a much lighter, less sweet taste than we know today, and it also wasn’t the greenish-yellow color we’re familiar with. The taste was drastically changed in 1958 by a new employee named Bill Bridgforth. It wasn’t until 1964, when Pepsi bought Mountain Dew, that the beverage went nationwide. © 2020 King Features Synd., Inc.

Your New Ride Is Calling

SODA POP (continued)

*Answer located further back in this issue.

RISING FOOD COSTS

Prices on so many necessary items have gone up over the past six months. Most worrisome is food. Of all the grocery store price increases, beef and veal went up the most. But they've all gone up: bread, seafood, cereal, vegetables. Fresh fruit, on the other hand, reportedly went down (although not at my store), as did milk (again, not at my store, which saw a ridiculous increase). It likely won't get better for the rest of the year. What hasn't gone up is our income. In fact, for those seniors who had part-time jobs to supplement Social Security, incomes have gone down because of the loss of those jobs. Yes, many of us got that $1,200 stimulus check ... how many months ago? For so many of us, the time has come to admit that we need help. It's not easy, but it's really not giving up any independence. There are many organizations and groups out there giving away food. Have you seen the lines of cars waiting for food pickups? The trunks of those vehicles get loaded with bags and boxes of food, gallons of milk, sacks of potatoes, frozen meat and fresh bakery goods. Other groups focus on seniors and deliver individual boxes of food to the door. Don't jeopardize your health because of lack of food. Pick up the phone, make calls. Find out where the free or low-cost food is in your area. Call the senior center, all the churches, the food pantry and your state's National Council on Aging (www.ncoa. org). Get on the internet and look for seniors dining sites and Meals on Wheels, senior food boxes, Commodity Supplemental Food Program and "free food for seniors in (your state)." This pandemic might last for a very long time. Get your food support system in place. It's one less thing to worry about. (c) 2020 King Features Synd., Inc.

NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE

The caffeine content in Mountain Dew is 55 mg per 12-oz. can. Compare this with the caffeine in the same amount of Coca-Cola, 34. Mg. Mountain Dew holds about a 6.5% share of the nation’s carbonated soft drinks market.

Controlling Late Season Mosquitoes Grand Forks Mosquito Control maintains an extensive trapping network to monitor the local mosquito population and species composition. However, these traps don’t always tell us what’s out there. The weather is a major factor in determining how effective the traps are. It’s common to have artificially low trap counts when we get into September because the nights are cool and mosquitoes are not active. Achieving a successful spray for mosquitoes in September can be very difficult. Mosquitoes function best around 80° F, they become lethargic around 60° F and cannot function below 50° F. As we get into September, once the sun goes down the temperature usually drops rapidly and mosquito activity decrease significantly. Spraying for mosquitoes when there is little natural activity results in few mosquitoes killed and expensive chemicals needlessly sprayed. We know it is frustrating when you’re getting bit up from these pests but it isn’t that we don’t want to spray, or don’t have the staff or resources, it comes down to whether or not spraying would be effective. We need to have the right meteorological conditions when spraying mosquitoes. The best solution to this problem is to wear protective clothing and apply insect repellants that contain DEET. Please be patient, when the conditions improve for spraying, we’ll get out there as soon as we can. We want to do the best job we can to reduce the mosquito population, but we must follow the label directions for the chemicals we use and we will not be reckless with the products we use to control mosquitoes in our community.

Grand Forks Mosquito Control has identified mosquitoes that were positive for West Nile virus this summer. The cities of Grand Forks and East Grand Forks urge citizens to take extra precautions to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. If you have any questions or concerns relating to mosquito control visit our website at www.gfmosquito.com

by Lucie Winbourne

• An armadillo's shell is so hard that it can deflect a bullet, as a Texas man discovered to his chagrin when he took aim at one. The bullet ricocheted into his jaw and he had to be airlifted to a hospital. The armadillo, on the other hand, strolled away unscathed. • One million U.S. dogs hold first place in their owner's last will and testament. • The original time machine in "Back to the Future" was not a DeLorean, but an old refrigerator. According to HuffPost, "Ultimately, it was determined that it probably was not a good idea to use a refrigerator in such a manner as kids might want to reenact the scene." • Napoleon introduced brass buttons on soldier uniforms' sleeves to discourage them from wiping their noses. • The first webcam was created to check a coffeepot! In 1993, researchers in the University of Cambridge's computer science department really didn't like getting up from their chairs to check the coffeepot just to find it empty, so they wired a system that would stream three images per minute from the Trojan Room, where the pot was kept, to the internal computer network. By the end of that year, the stream made it onto the new World Wide Web, endowing the Trojan Room coffeepot with international, if brief, fame. • The asteroids in "Star Wars" were actually painted potatoes. • When English Romantic poet, painter and engraver William Blake was just 4, he claimed to see God through a window. Throughout the rest of his life, Blake said he often communed with angels, incorporating these visions into his art. • According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the stickers on fruit are edible. We haven't tried them ourselves, though. *** Thought for the Day: "The best teachers remain students all their lives." -- John Stott

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“Braveheart,” the 1995 movie based on Scotland’s first war of independence against King Edward I of England, nabbed five Oscars at the 68th Academy Awards. This week, Tidbits outlines the background of this epic film. • The life of Scottish rebel William Wallace is the basis for the plot of “Braveheart.” Wallace was a prominent leader during the war of independence Edward, who wanted the crown of Scotland for himself. • Mel Gibson not only starred in the role of Wallace, he directed and co-produced the film as well. The first time Gibson encountered the script, he passed on it, but after some consideration, opted to make the movie. He favored Brad Pitt or Jason Patric for the role of Wallace, with Liam Neeson, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Jeff Bridges as other possibilities. Gibson didn’t want to play the lead himself, maintaining that he was too old, since Wallace was supposed to be in his 20’s, and Gibson was close to 40. But Paramount Pictures would only fund the picture if Gibson took the role. • Filming took nearly five months, but just three weeks of that time was spent shooting on location in the Scottish Highlands. The major battle scenes were filmed in Ireland, and Gibson hired members of the Irish Army Reserve as extras. Extras earned $300 a week, working 14-hour days. • With a budget of about $70 million, “Braveheart” grossed $210.4 million worldwide, and was nominated for ten Academy Awards, taking home five, including Best Picture and Best Director. Although the movie was a huge box-office success, it was highly criticized for its historical inaccuracies. According to Scottish history, the term “brave heart” refers to Wallace’s fellow Scotsman, leader Robert the Bruce, who became King of Scotland the year after Wallace’s death.

• The film portrays Wallace as a poor villager when in fact, he was born into the gentry, was a landowner and a minor nobility knight in real life. His home was in Scotland’s lowlands, yet the movie represented it in the mountainous Highlands. Gibson’s wardrobe was criticized as erroneous for the time period, as the Scots men did not wear belted plaids or kilts until the 16th century. Gibson also used a two-handed long sword in battle, a weapon that was not widely used during that time, instead of the more accurate one-handed sword and shield. • Wallace’s love interest in the film, Isabella of France, did not come to Great Britain until 1308, three years after Wallace’s death, and was a young child when he was executed. • One of the worst mistakes made in production was a white Jeep that can be seen parked in the distance. If you watch “Braveheart,” keep your eyes open during the scene of the Battle of Stirling Bridge. The vehicle can be seen on the left of the screen at the moment when the English cavalry charges in the lines at the battle’s beginning. • Due to the large number of horses used in the filming, Gibson was investigated by an animal welfare organization. However, those horses seen in the heat of the battles were actually 200-lb. mechanical ones, placed on a 20-ft moveable track and fueled by nitrogen cylinders. The “horses” moved along at 30 mph until they hit the end of the track, where a spring lifted them in order to simulate their leaping. • William Wallace was not betrayed by Robert Bruce the Elder as depicted in the film, but rather by a Scottish nobleman loyal to King Edward I. Wallace was brought to trial in London and convicted of high treason. He was condemned to public torture, hanged, drawn, and quartered for his refusal to submit to King Edward. Wallace’s response to the treason charge was, “I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject.”

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September 7, 2020

• “In my shop, I have stored small bits of hardware in baby-food jars. They were all on a shelf together, and when I needed one, I would have to move bottles around until I found the right one. I took a piece of 1-by-4 and cut it into 2-foot sections. Then I glued the bottoms of the bottles in a row to the wood. Now, they still sit on the shelf, but all I have to do is slide the 1-by-4s out and find the right jar. I can still see in the sides, and it makes them so much easier to deal with.” — J.N in Missouri • “My child has so many toys that they were starting to take over his room and our house. We got three big plastic storage tubs and distributed the toys among them. Now the rule is that only one tub can be open at a time, so if he wants to play with other toys, he must pick up all the toys from the tub he is playing with first. It has made such a difference since the house gets picked up at least once a day.” — C.I. in Tennessee • Here’s a boating safety tip: Make sure you check the weather before you head out for a day on the water. And everyone needs a life vest, large or small! • “Lots of people are selling things online now to make a few bucks, and that’s cool. I know I have things I’ve picked up that I don’t use. Why not make a little money? Here’s a tip though: Do a little research on price for your item. You want to avoid listing it for too much (no interest) or too little (yes, it gets snapped up quickly, but you could have gotten more for it). A little homework goes a long way.” — C.A. in Florida • No red wine for your recipe? You can substitute an equal amount of grape juice or beef broth in most recipes. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

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• On Sept. 24, 1789, the Judiciary Act of 1789 is passed by Congress and signed by President George Washington, establishing the Supreme Court of the United States as a tribunal made up of six justices who were to serve until death or retirement. The number of justices was changed in 1869 to nine. • On Sept. 25, 1894, President Grover Cleveland issues a presidential proclamation pardoning Mormons who had previously engaged in unlawful polygamous marriages. His proclamation ensured that their property and civil rights were restored. • On Sept. 23, 1908, a game between the New York Giants and Chicago Cubs ends in 1-1 tie after a controversial call at second base. The officials ruled that Giants first baseman Fred Merkle was out because he failed to touch second base, a call that has been disputed ever since.

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• On Sept. 21, 1942, the B-29 Superfortress makes its debut flight in Seattle. The long-range heavy bomber contained a pilot console in the rear, in the event the front pilot was knocked out of commission. • On Sept. 22, 1953, the first four-level (or "stack") interchange in the world opens in Los Angeles at the intersection of the Harbor, Hollywood, Pasadena and Santa Ana freeways, 32 lanes of traffic weaving in eight directions at once. • On Sept. 26, 1960, for the first time in U.S. history, a debate between presidential candidates is shown on television. The presidential hopefuls, John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon, met in a Chicago studio. • On Sept. 27, 1989, Hollywood socialite Zsa Zsa Gabor, on trial for slapping a police officer during a traffic stop, storms out of the courtroom. Gabor had been pulled over for expired tags, expired license, open alcohol container then attempting to leave the scene. She slapped the officer when he caught up with her.

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CLYDESDALES

The Clydesdales are well-known for their appearances across the country and in Budweiser advertisements. This week, Tidbits examines the particulars of these majestic animals. • The horses take their name from their area of origin, Clydesdale, Scotland. The breed was developed for farm work and hauling coal there, beginning in 1715, when a Flemish stallion was mated with local mares. But the name “Clydesdale” as a breed wasn’t used until 1826, and the first breed registry was formed much later, in 1877. They were introduced in the United States in the early 1840s and throughout the world by the late 1800s. • In the 1920s and 1930s, Clydesdales were much smaller than today, but in the 1940s, breeding was changed to produce taller horses with the aim of using in parades and shows.

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• The average Clydesdale stands 17 to 18 hands tall, which translates to 68 to 72 inches, and weighs about 2,000 lbs. They are usually bay or reddish-brown in color with a black mane, tail, and lower legs. They are characterized by feathers on the lower legs, which is the name given to the long hair that can almost cover their hooves. The very first breeding of Clydesdales had this hair, perhaps to help them deal with cold winters. • The Budweiser Clydesdales made their public debut on April 7, 1933, celebrating the repeal of Prohibition, a nationwide constitutional ban on alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933. August A. Busch, Jr. presented two teams of six horses as a gift to his father on that day. A team pulling a red, white, and gold wagon carried the first case of legal beer from the St. Louis brewery down the city’s Pestalozzi Street. ...continued

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CLYDESDALES (continued):

• In order to qualify as a Budweiser Clydesdale, the horse must be a gelding at least four years old and stand at least 18 hands (72 inches) at their withers, that ridge between the shoulder bones. A qualifying horse must be bay in color and have four white stocking feet as well as a blaze of white on the face.

DIFFERENCES:: DIFFERENCES 1. Baseball has been added. 2. Building is gone. 3. Catcher's shoes are different. 4. Fence has been repaired. 5. Pitcher's pants are longer. 6. Boy's hat is different. © 2020 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

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• Anheuser-Busch owns about 250 Clydesdales, many of which are raised on a farm near St. Louis, where about 15 foals are produced each year. There are also “hitch barns” in Merrimack, New Hampshire, and Fort Collins, Colorado. Several teams are housed at the company headquarters in St. Louis, sheltered in an 1885 brick and stained-glass stable. • The Budweiser Clydesdales have participated in countless parades and festivities, including two Presidential inaugural parades – Harry Truman in 1949 and Bill Clinton in 1993. They appeared in their first Super Bowl ad in 1986, for Super Bowl XX. A team pulled the City of St. Louis float in Pasadena’s Tournament of Roses Parade from 1954 to 2011, and returned to the Parade in 2014 pulling their beer wagon. Clydesdales were once used to carry a drum for the royal cavalry band for Queen Elizabeth II. • Since 1950, the Budweiser horses have had their own mascot, an obedience-trained Dalmatian that travels with each team, seated on the wagon next to the driver. • They might look like “fancy” horses, but the Clydesdales are work horses, capable of pulling a one-ton load at 5 mph. An adult eats up to 10 lbs. of grain every day, and a baby Clydesdale drinks up to 26 gallons of milk a day while they are growing.

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