Tidbits of Grand Forks - January 21, 2021 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks January 21, 2021

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Issue # 1,203

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DUST

by Janet Spencer

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A grain of dust floating in the sun streaming in the window is halfway in size between a subatomic particle and the size of the planet Earth. Come along with Tidbits as we sweep up dust!

THE GREAT DUST BOWL

• The seeds of the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains were planted when the pioneers began turning the prairie sod over to plant crops in place of native grasses. Then came World 701-739-2403 War I. Troops needed food, so land that had 2600 DeMers Ave. previously been grazing land was converted Grand Forks, ND to cropland. A vast number of acres that had never been turned by a plow were now seeded. • After the war ended, the price of wheat dropped, so livestock were returned to graze these areas. Their sharp hooves pulverized the soil which was no longer protected by native plants. Then came a few years of drought which prevented the return of native grasses. • By 1934 strong winds created huge dust storms David Kent called “black blizzards” that sometimes dark2534 17th Ave. S. Grand Forks ened the sky as far away as the Atlantic coast, 218-779-5458 creating a widespread health hazard. It’s esdkent@nodakins.net timated that 150 million square miles of land were stripped of much of their topsoil. That’s an area equivalent to Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana combined. ay hello to Liberty and we’ll work to get you theThe land was ruined for both crops and pasture for many years to come. Sixty perbiggest refund possible as fast as possible. cent of the population of the area moved away.

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GREAT DUST BOWL (cont):

• In 1935 the Soil Conservation Service was formed to rehabilitate farmland. Eventually erosion control methods were put into practice. Grass was replanted, crops were rotated, acres were allowed to lie fallow, contour farming was begun, and shelter belts of trees were planted. Things were looking pretty good all across the Great Plains, and then World War II started. Wheat prices soared and the entire Dust Bowl pattern was repeated in large part. By the 1950 the U.S. Government stepped in to subsidize farmers in order to restore vast areas of wheat back to grassland.

DESERT DUST

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Quiz Bits

3. Kids between the ages of two and five put their hands in their mouths an average of 1. The Seistan Basin in Iran is how many times per hour? one of the dustiest places on 4. How many pounds of dust the planet. How many dust will collect in a typical storms does it get each year American home in a year? on average? 5. This famous pool shark was 2. Ash from the explosion of once hospitalized for lung Mount St. Helens, launched damage caused by inhaling into the stratosphere, crossed too much dust from the breadth of the U.S. in three cue-tip chalk. days. How long did it take to TRIVIA circle the planet? SPONSORED BY:

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• “Sahara” comes from the Arabic word “sahra” meaning desert. One of the major sources of dust on Earth is the Sahara Desert. Many deserts consist of rocks and gravel with a few touches of sand here and there, but one-fifth of the Sahara is covered with loose sand. That’s an area equal in size to four states of Texas, buried in sand to the height of a five-story building on average. In some places the dunes are 1,000 feet high. COUPON

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• It’s estimated that a boxcar’s worth of sand leaves the Sahara to be launched into the atmosphere every four seconds. Once in the atmosphere, the wind carries the sand incredible distances. Astronauts often report seeing a huge tongue of airborne Sahara sand trailing out from the desert. Even sailors out in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean have swept heavy coatings of Sahara dust off their decks. • Dust researchers went to the Caribbean island of Barbados to collect space dust. Their logic was that the wind, having crossed the entire Atlantic Ocean, would be clean of earth dust by the time it reached Barbados 3,000 miles away. Instead of collecting space dust, what they collected was a great deal of reddish dust from the Sahara Desert. ...continued

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SPORTS QUIZ 1. Renowned college basketball broadcaster Dick Vitale compiled a 34-60 record as head coach of what NBA team from 1978-79? 2. What Los Angeles Sparks player was named both WNBA Rookie of the Year and MVP in 2008? 3. Name the Welsh golfer who won his lone major championship at the Masters in 1991.

4. NBA great Shaquille O’Neal played the character of Neon Boudeaux in what 1994 basketball drama film starring Nick Nolte? 5. What team drafted Purdue quarterback Jim Everett with the third overall pick in the 1986 NFL Draft, then traded his rights to the Los Angeles Rams? 6. Seven different teams have won back-to-back Super Bowls. Name them.

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BARBADOS

• Barbados, one of the southernmost islands in the Caribbean, is made entirely of white and gray coral. Yet the soil on the island, instead of being white or gray, is actually a reddish orange. Researchers found that the chemical composition of the soil doesn’t have any of the components contained in coral, but it exactly matches the chemical composition of the sand in the Sahara Desert. Over eons, dust carried high aloft traveled the breadth of the Atlantic Ocean to fall on Barbados, building the soil to a depth of several feet.

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IT’S A FACT

• In some parts of Africa and India, the rock is colored red. This of course makes red dust and red mud. Elephants enjoy taking dust and mud baths to keep cool. The red dirt gives their skin a pink hue. Therefore, it is possible to see pink elephants even when sober.

POLLEN

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• Some pollens are designed to be transferred to other flowers using the help of insects such as bees. These types of pollens are relatively large in size and spiky in shape, the better to cling to insects. But other pollens are meant to be dispersed by the winds. These spores are very tiny and smooth, the better to fly in the breeze. The less they weigh, the farther they fly. Built-in air bladders keep pollen afloat. • One of the more notorious pollen producers is the ragweed plant, whose pollen aggravates the allergies of people across the nation. The more carbon dioxide there is in the atmosphere, the more pollen the ragweed plant produces. Researchers think that ragweed around the world has doubled its pollen output in the past century, and it may double again in the coming century as the amount of carbon dioxide continues to increase.

IT'S A FACT

• “Pollen” is the Latin word meaning flour or dust.

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• On Jan. 25, 1776, the Continental Congress authorizes the first national Revolutionary War memorial in honor of Gen. Richard Montgomery, who had been killed during an assault on Quebec on Dec. 31, 1775, one of the first generals of the American Revolution to lose his life on the battlefield. • On Jan. 30, 1835, Andrew Jackson becomes the first American president to experience an assassination attempt. Richard Lawrence, an unemployed house painter, shot at Jackson, but his gun misfired. A furious 67-year-old Jackson confronted his attacker, clubbing Lawrence several times with his walking cane. • On Jan. 29, 1845, Edgar Allan Poe's famous poem "The Raven," beginning "Once upon a midnight dreary," is published in the New York Evening Mirror.

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• On Jan. 28, 1855, the Panama Railway, which carried thousands of unruly gold miners to California via the dense jungles of Central America, dispatches its first train across the Isthmus of Panama. The Panama Canal would parallel the railway 50 years later. • On Jan. 31, 1944, D-Day is postponed until June when several key leaders agreed that there would not be enough ships available by May. D-Day would later be postponed once more, by a single day due to high winds. Finally, on the morning of June 6, the long-awaited invasion of France began. • On Jan. 27, 1965, the Shelby GT 350, a version of a Ford Mustang developed by American auto racer Carroll Shelby, is launched. The sports car featured a 306 horsepower V-8 engine and remained in production through the end of the 1960s. • On Jan. 26, 1970, U.S. Navy Lt. Everett Alvarez Jr. spends his 2,000th day in captivity in Southeast Asia. First taken prisoner when his plane was shot down Aug. 5, 1964, during one of the first bombing raids over North Vietnam, he became the longest-held POW in U.S. history.

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DUSTY GLACIERS

• It’s a fact that dust absorbs heat. Consider what happens when dust falls on ice: • In 1980 when Mount Saint Helens erupted, ash fell on Blue Glacier on Mount Olympus in Washington. Researchers scraped the ash off a patch of the glacier that was 10 feet wide and 13 feet long and waited to see what would happen. Within two weeks the surrounding ash-covered ice had melted so much that it was a foot lower than the ash-free ice. • In 1991 an extra-heavy layer of airborne dust from the Sahara Desert fell on a glacier in the Alps, allowing the ice to melt back enough to reveal the remains of the Ice Man, a Copper-Age man who had died and been entombed by ice for over 5,000 years. • In an experiment in Russia, coal dust was spread over a glacier. The dust absorbed the heat of the sun, increasing the rate at which the ice melted by 55 percent. This produced more drinking water for nearby towns, but the cost of transporting and spreading the coal dust proved to be prohibitively high.

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• Soot holds heat 50 times better than desert dust and 200 times better than volcanic ash. If a nuclear holocaust threw tremendous amounts of particulate matter into the atmosphere, the dust and soot landing on ice sheets, ice caps, and ice bergs would cause them to melt, raising the level of the oceans. In 1954, the hydrogen bomb dropped on the Bikini Islands as a test spread radioactive dust over 7,000 square miles.

IT’S A FACT

• In 1816, a volcano named Tambora erupted in Indonesia. The gas and dust circled the globe, causing extreme weather and unusual cold worldwide. A 19-year-old woman named Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was vacationing in Switzerland that summer. Since it was too cold to go outside to enjoy the mountains, she stayed inside and wrote Frankenstein.

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• To train new operatives during the Cold War, the Soviets built fully functional replicas of American towns. Their residents consisted of retired deepcover operatives who taught the trainees everything they needed to know about blending into American life. • In 1963, the Bronx Zoo had an exhibit called "The Most Dangerous Animal in the World." It was a mirror. • The U.S. Navy has a tradition that no submarine is ever considered lost at sea. Subs that don't return, including 52 lost during World War II, are considered "still on patrol." Every year at Christmas, sailors manning communications hubs send holiday greetings to those listed as still on patrol. • An outbreak of the common cold occurred at an Antarctic base after 17 weeks of complete isolation. • In the category of Best Song Titles Ever, country music stars Loretta Lynn and Conway Twitty recorded a duet titled "You're the Reason Our Kids Are So Ugly." (Despite which fact, the lyrics make clear that the couple is still in love.) • After high school senior Allison Closs dressed up a cardboard cutout of Danny DeVito to go with her to prom, the actor returned the favor by bringing a cardboard cutout of Allison to the set of "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia." • A $3 million lottery winner was sentenced to 21 years in prison after using his winnings to finance a meth trafficking ring. • Actual town names in the U.S. include Rabbit Hash (Kentucky), Two Egg (Florida), Ding Dong (Texas) and Bacon (Delaware). • Ever have trouble finishing your veggies? Try taking a tip from Leigh Knight, who in 2006 sold an unwanted brussels sprout left over from his Christmas dinner for £1,550 ($2,100.72 USD) to aid cancer research. *** Thought for the Day: "May your coffee kick in before reality does." -- Unknown

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WONDERFUL WORDS

• In order to curb the deficit, Etienne instigated something he’d seen done in England: he imposed taxes on the wealthy. This was very unpopular with the rich and Etienne found himself out of a job. He was A GREEDY KING • Francois Rabelais was a French writer in the 1500s. He ridiculed, and his last name became synonymous was best known for his fantasy, satire, dirty jokes, and with anything done on the cheap by cutting corners. bawdy songs. He wrote and distributed humorous pam- • At the time, it was customary for rich people to have phlets which criticized established authority and stressed their portraits painted, which was an expensive unindividual liberty in a satirical tone of voice. dertaking. Around the same time Etienne was being • Rabelais was unhappy and angry about the extravagance scorned, it became a fad for the common people to of French royalty who taxed the many peasants beyond have their “portrait” done by sitting in front of a endurance so that the few could enjoy outrageous luxu- bright light and having the shadow of their profile ry. He wanted to attack this practice through his writing, traced on paper, cut out, and filled in. These cheap but knew better than to make a direct attack and end up shadow portraits were subsequently named after the disgraced minister of finance. Today, anything in a dungeon. shown in shadow form is referred to by Etienne’s • So he wrote a story about a huge, loud-mouthed legendlast name. What was it? ary king. Even at birth the baby king was so large, greedy, Answer: Etienne de Silhouette and hungry that it took 17,913 cows to provide him with his daily milk. When he reached full growth it took 1,100 INEXPENSIVE PERFUME hides to make him a single pair of shoes. His comb was • Around the year 50 A.D. the Romans founded a 900 feet long. The horse he rode was as large as six eltown on the Rhine River in what is now Germany. ephants and it wore a collar with bells attached – the bells The city’s name was the Latin word for “colony.” In of Notre Dame. His appetite was so enormous that he was 1709 an Italian named Jean Baptiste Farina arrived never satisfied, no matter how much he ate. He once gobin the town determined to make his living by selling bled a salad of lettuce leaves as big as trees, swallowing an affordable alternative to expensive perfume so six pilgrims who’d been hiding among the leaves. that ordinary people could afford it. It became very • The name of the king in the story has come into the popular. French soldiers stationed in the town durEnglish language as a common word meaning anything ing the Seven Years War took the fragrance home that is stupendously huge. What was the greedy king’s to their wives in France. Farina sent members of his name? family to Paris to start a perfume business there. Answer: Gargantua, giving us gargantuan • In France, this inexpensive alternative to perfume that Farina manufactured was named after the GerA CHEAP PORTRAIT man city it came from. Whereas perfume is defined • Born in France, Etienne spent a year in Britain studying the as any mixture of ethyl alcohol with 25 percent or British economy, then returned to France. In 1759 he was more of fragrant essential oils, this contained only appointed Controller General, tasked with the job of balthree percent essential oils. What’s it called? ancing France’s budget. The Seven Years War had drained Answer: Cologne. national coffers and the budget shortfall was extreme.

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ary 11, 2021 11, 2021 January

• N.B. of Texas, writes: “I never could find the time to exercise. When I got home, I had to rush to get supper, etc., and afterward all I wanted to do was plop down and watch television. Then I gotofanTexas, exercise mat and a sta• N.B. writes: “I never tionaryfind bicycle. When I couldn’tWhen work could the time to exercise. out supper, during Iout gotvery home,long, I hadItoworked rush to get commercials. I’ve all lostI wanted 3 pounds so etc., and afterward to do far!”plop Great idea and for all those with fitwas down watch television. ness on their Year’s Then I got an New exercise matResolution and a stalists, Nancy! tionary bicycle. When I couldn’t work out verywonderful long, I worked out induring • Two tips came from commercials. I’ve lost 3 pounds so G.K. of Minnesota: “To protect floors far!” for allbythose with fitfrom Great being idea damaged chairs being ness on around, their New pushed glueYear’s roundsResolution of carpetlists, Nancy! the chair legs. They are ing beneath easily fortips replacing asfrom they • Tworemoved wonderful came in wear of down. Also, when bread G.K. Minnesota: “To making protect floors or rolls, warm the flour the oven or from being damaged byinchairs being microwave so asglue not rounds to chill of thecarpetbutter. pushed around, Thebeneath dough will faster.” ing therise chair legs. They are easily removed for replacing asbrake they • B.W. of Colorado swears by wear down. making bread cleaner to Also, get ridwhen of bad spots on or rolls, warm the flour in the oven or carpets. “Regular automotive brake microwave so as notand to chill therag butter. cleaner on the spot a clean will The dough will all risestains,” faster.”he says. remove almost • B.W. of Colorado swearskeep by brake “In cold winter months, your cleaner to slippers get rid or of whatever bad spotselse) on robe (and carpets. automotive under the“Regular covers with you whenbrake you cleaner on the spottoand clean raga will sleep. Pull it next or aover you few remove stains,” minutesalmost beforeallyou get he up.says. It’ll be toasty and will help make the • “In cold winter months, keeptransiyour tion into cold aorlittle less harsh.” robe (andthe slippers whatever else) — B.M.thein covers New York under with you when you sleep. Pull it next totry or to over few • If your animals getyou out awhen minutes before youof get up. It’llkeep be you go into or out the house, toasty and will help make the pocket transisome toys or treats in your tion intothe thedoor cold to a little harsh.” or near throwless across the — B.M.giving in New York room, you a few seconds to slip in• or If out. your animals try to get out when you gotax into or draws out of closer, the house, keep • As time try taping some or envelope treats in to your a largetoys manila the pocket fridge, or near the throwImmediately across the leaving the door top to open. room, giving you a few seconds to slip place all tax-related forms and receipts in or theout. envelope as they come in. This way, youdraws are ready to try starttaping your • Aswhen tax time closer, itemsenvelope will be to together and ataxes, large all manila the fridge, easy to find. leaving the top open. Immediately place tax-related forms andHere’s receiptsa Sendallyour tips to Now in the628 envelope as they comeOrlando, in. This Tip, Virginia Drive, way, when you are ready to start your FL 32803. taxes, ©all2021 items will be together and King Features Synd., Inc. easy to find. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

by Matilda Charles

by Freddy Groves

Art: Unlocking Your Creativity

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Creating art can be emotionally healing and freeing. Who among us can't use a little of that nowadays? Once you get started, you'll wonder why you didn't begin sooner. Here are some ideas: Collage Wish Board: Collect pictures of things you miss and hope to have or do again. You'll need a poster board, school glue, scissors and magazines (or print out pictures you find online). If you hope to travel, gather travel magazines and snip out pictures of places you want to go once the ban on travel disappears. Paris? Add the Eiffel Tower. London? Add Buckingham Palace. If you plan a garden for next summer, collect gardening magazines or look for pictures on seed catalog sites. Add in a small plan of your garden. A collage wish board can be made for nearly any interest and topic. (Mine is a mixture of all the things that didn't happen this year: the annual music festival, square dance classes and monthly museum exhibits.) Coloring: There's something very relaxing about taking a handful of fine-point markers and filling in the designs on a page in front of us. Search for "adult coloring books" online and print out the free pages. The topics are endless. (I'm a fan of the Celtic knots and mandalas.) Crafts: If creating things is more to your liking, search online for "craft kits for adults" and see what appeals to you. Stained glass window art, jewelry-making, macrame, birdhouse kit, origami, wind chimes, mosaics, oil painting or watercolor ... the kits are endless. Look at the website for your local hobby and craft store. Chances are they have curbside pickup. (I'm in the middle of a 1:250 scale model of Notre Dame Cathedral.) (c) 2021 King Features Synd., Inc. Have fun!

The COVID Vaccine is Coming for Vets

The COVID vaccine is currently being distributed to 37 VA locations around the country. The logistics to move 300 million doses to where they need to be (Operation Warp Speed) are overwhelming, but the Department of Veterans Affairs has plans in hand for us. The first thing to remember is that you likely won't be first in line to get the vaccine. Until you get the two shots (spaced weeks apart), your job is to stay healthy. Just because you get the first shot doesn't mean you're in the clear. And depending how things are going in your area, you'll likely need to keep wearing a mask and doing social distancing, even after you've had both doses. The order of vaccination is still being organized, but it will likely start with medical staff and residents of longterm care facilities, and those with high-risk medical conditions. Once they move down the list, the vaccines will be available to all veterans who get VA health care. The fine print says they'll contact you when it's available, but it can't hurt to check with your health team to make sure they have your info. If you're not signed up for VA health care, you can apply online with VA form 10-10EZ. Other tidbits: If they come out with multiple vaccines, no, you won't be able to pick which one you get, at least not initially when there are shortages. If you haven't had a flu shot but plan to get one, do it now. You likely will not be able to take the COVID vaccine too soon after getting a flu shot. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is still deciding about this. For more info on the vaccines and VA, go to www. va.gov/health-care/covid-19-vaccine. Scroll down for lots of information and resources.

*Answer located back 3 pages.

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MORE ABOUT DUST! LAKE OWENS

• For the past 800,000 years or so, there was a large shallow lake located in east-central California. Called Lake Owens, it was up to 18 miles long and ten miles wide, covering about 110 square miles to a depth of between 20 and 50 feet deep depending on how much water was coming down Owens River. It was one of California’s biggest lakes, with a surface area about as large as Lake Tahoe. • When people started moving to California, they needed water, and much of it came from the Owens River. By 1913 much water was being diverted from the river to feed L.A. and by 1926 Owens Lake was completely dry. And that’s when the dust storms started. • The hot California winds, sweeping over the desiccated alkali lake bed, whip up enormous amounts of dust. Up to nine million tons of dust every year are blown off the dry lake bed. Residents in area are bombarded with unhealthy levels of dust an average of 25 days a year, and the air carries 23 times more dust than allowed by national health standards. Keeler, CA, earned the title “Dust Storm Capital of the U.S.” and suffers from the worst particulate air pollution in the country. • It affects the health of residents not only because the particles are so small but also because the dust is loaded with arsenic and cadmium. Dust clouds from dry Owens Lake reduce visibility in nearby national parks including the Grand Canyon, Death Valley, and Sequoia. All in all, about 40,000 people in the area are affected by the dust. • In 1999 the EPA announced plans to cover the dry lake bed with water, gravel, and vegetation. Today work continues in an effort to relieve the problem of dust, yet it still remains one of the biggest sources of dust pollution in the U.S. ...cont'd

Solution on Next Page

DUST MITES

• Dust mites are microscopic insects related to spiders that live in carpets, furniture, bedding, and clothing. As many as 18,000 mites live in a single teaspoon of dust. They eat flakes of skin, plant fibers, yeast cells, bacteria, and fungus spores. Insulated homes with carpeting and upholstery offer dust mites the perfect living conditions.

DIFFERENCES:: DIFFERENCES 1. Bow is smaller. 2. Skirt is shorter. 3. Table leg is missing. 4. Teapot is moved. 5. Hair is different. 6. Cuffs are missing. © 2020 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

• Dust mites don’t bite, but many people are allergic to the waste products they give off, or to their decaying bodies. Slap your couch cushions or make your bed while the sunlight streams through a window and many of the specks you see floating in the beam of light are the fecal pellets of dust mites. This allergy may manifest itself with just a sniffle, or it may trigger asthma or other allergic reactions. • A study showed that children whose homes had high levels of dust mites were 4.8 times more likely to develop asthma in later years. • To cut down the number of mites, researchers recommend removing dust-collecting fabrics, encasing mattresses and pillows in plastic, and frequent washing of bedding.

Quiz Answers

4. 40 lbs. 1. 80 2. Two weeks 5. Minnesota Fats 3. Ten

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THE DEADLIEST DUST

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• Inhale a single puff of smoke from a cigarette and you draw in an estimated four billion particles of dust. There are over 4,000 different chemicals in tobacco smoke, 50 of which are known carcinogens. Compounding the problem is the fact that chemicals in the smoke affect the movement of mucous in the respiratory tract. Normally the mucous acts like a conveyor belt, ushering trapped foreign particles into the digestive tract and out of the body. But chemicals in smoke slow the movement of the conveyor belt, meaning dangerous dust particles remain in the body far longer than normal. Cigarette dust kills nearly half a million smokers in the U.S. annually.

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