Tidbits of Grand Forks - August 26, 2021 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks August 26, 2021

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Issue # 1,234

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NAMES OF TOWNS by Janet Spencer

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Residents of a North Carolina town met to decide the name of the place. Someone would say, “Why not name the town such and so?” And someone else would say, “Why not name it this or that?” Finally someone said, “Why not name it Why Not?” and Whynot, North Carolina was born. Come along as we name towns!

TROUBLE WITH TOWNS

• Because there was no control over the names of towns, confusion reigned. There were 75 towns called Summit, with 20 states having more than one Summit. Four of those states had four cities named Summit. Indiana had two towns named Scipio just 50 miles apart. • Sometimes towns would have one name designated by the locals, another name designated by the post office, and a third name designated by the railroad. • So much mail was being sent to Mount Tabor, South Carolina, instead of Mount Tabor, North Carolina, that residents in South Carolina dropped the “Mount” from their name and spelled “Tabor” backwards to become the town of Robat. • On September 4, 1890, President Benjamin Harrison established the U.S. Board of Geographic Names and appointed ten men to bring order out of the chaos. Turn the page for more!

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Quiz Bits

4. The Indian phrase “san-doostee” meaning “at the cold water” became the name of 1. Two Indian tribes marked the which Ohio city? boundary between their two territories using a red stick, giving which 5. What is the state capital of Louisiana city its French name? Kansas? 2. The Indian word “stjukshon” mean- 6. Which major U.S. city is ing “at the foot of a black hill” was nicknamed “Stumptown”? Americanized and became the name 7. What US city was once of which major Arizona city? known as New Amsterdam? 3. The French called what Wiscon8. What’s the state capital sin settlement “Baie Vert” but of West Virginia? Americans chose the English

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TOWN TACTICS

• Twin Forks, Washington was in dire financial straits when someone suggested they rename the town after a really rich American. The reasoning went that this rich individual, after being informed of the honor, would cough up a bunch of money and save the town. George Pullman, inventor of the Pullman railroad car, was chosen. They sent him a letter telling him of the name change and their financial plight, and eagerly awaited the response. The result was a polite letter and a check for $50. Pullman had already had a town named after him: Pullman, Illinois. • Edwinton, North Dakota was also suffering from a money crunch when they decided they could appeal to the entire country of Germany by giving their town a German name. They renamed the town Bismarck after Prince Otto von Bismarck, who was chancellor of Germany. Town officials were hoping that the name change would draw the attention of wealthy German investors. The Germans were flattered but did not invest. Regardless, Bismarck is now the capital of North Dakota.

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• In California some executives needed the support of an influential banker named Ralston, so they declared that they were going to name a new town after him. Mr. Ralston said he was not worthy of the honor and declined. The executives, amazed at his modesty, named the town Modesto instead.

NAME CHANGE

• Pioneer Ezra Meeker thought his hometown of Franklin, Washington, was a boring name. He decided to change the name to the Indian word Puyallup just because he liked it. It’s an Indian word meaning “generous people.” No one objected, so the name was changed. • Folks in a town named Mole Hill in West Virginia decided to rename the place Mountain, thus becoming the first people to actually make a Mountain out of a Mole Hill. ...continued

NAME CHANGE (continued)

• Settlers in Pennsylvania had a hard time making a living and named their community Skunk’s Misery as a result. Then the Slocum brothers set up a forge and a distillery and convinced residents that it would be hard for them to make a name for themselves if they came from a town named Skunk’s Misery. The town was renamed Unionville. When the forge and distillery became successful, the people renamed the town Slocum’s Hollow in honor of the men who were providing them with jobs. But then the businesses failed and the Slocums left town, and the town was renamed for President Harrison. Next the Scranton brothers arrived and set up a new forge which flourished. The town name was changed to Scrantonia, then shortened to Scranton. It remains Scranton, PA today.

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• In 1917 Thomas Bicknell announced that he would donate a library to any town in Utah that would rename itself Bicknell in his honor. The town of Thurber and the town of Grayson both jumped at the chance. What to do? Bicknell named one town after himself and the other town after his wife, whose maiden name was Blanding. The books were evenly split between the two towns. • When Dr. Elijah Dix made the same proposal to a Maine community in 1803, the town was named Dixfield. The townfolk were outraged when they found that Dr. Dix’s “library” consisted of a single crate of outdated medical texts. It remained Dixfield anyway.

A FLAGPOLE

• On the Fourth of July, 1876, soldiers camped in Arizona decided the 100th birthday of the nation deserved special observance. Someone shimmied up a tall pine tree, lopped off the branches, and attached an American flag to the very top. The flag stood there for many years and Flagstaff, Arizona was named. ...continued

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4. The football term for a blocker pushing an opponent to the ground is named after what popular breakfast food? 5. Which NFL team drafted John Elway? 6. Which NFL team drafted Jim Plunkett? 7. Which NFL player has the most career games played in? 8. How many kickers have been selected in the first round of the NFL Draft?

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• In 1751 George II of England erased a debt he owed to George Deakins by telling him he could have 600 acres of land in Maryland. Deakins wanted to get the best 600 acres, so he hired two sets of surveyors to tell him what they thought. Neither team knew about the other. Deakins was amazed when both groups recommended the identical plot of land. Deakins considered this an accident of fate and dubbed the land “The Accidental Tract.” Today the town that grew up there is known as Accident, Maryland. They have trouble preventing their interstate signs from being stolen. The signs say, “Accident Ahead.” • Settlers in Massachusetts were trying to think up a name for their town when someone pointed out that if you started digging in Massachusetts and dug through the planet, you’d come out in Canton, China. They suggested it would be symmetrical and proper to have a town named Canton at each end of the hole. Canton, Massachusetts it became. • When residents of a town in Virginia argued hotly and endlessly over a name, the only thing to do was to name it Disputana. • Hop Bottom, Pennsylvania was so named because of all the wild hops growing in the nearby bottomland. • A town in Tennessee wanted to name itself after the Biblical town of Jericho, but a clerk with bad handwriting filled out the form and the town was named Jellico instead. • Montana once had a town called Pair o' Dice. When more respectable people moved in, the name was changed and it is now Paradise. • In 1887 settlers in Washington named their town Slaughter after Lt. W. A. Slaughter who had played a prominent role in the Indian wars of the area. Local jokes were rife, and when a new hotel was dubbed “The Slaughter House,” the hilarity of visitors could not be contained. The town was renamed Auburn.

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by Lucie Winbourne

• The opposite of paranoia is pronoia. A person suffering from pronoia feels that people or entities around them are plotting to do them good! • American flags left on the moon will eventually get bleached white by the sun. • Only two animals have the ability to see behind themselves without turning around: the rabbit and the parrot. Their eyes are on the sides of their head, allowing them to swivel 360 degrees. • David Babcock broke a Guinness World Record for his time in the Kansas City marathon, at 5 hours, 48 minutes and 27 seconds. But not for running -- he managed to complete the race while knitting a scarf that measured just over 12 feet long. As he said later, "Knitting the whole way really did help distract me from the hard parts of the marathon."

• At the planet Neptune's highest altitudes, winds blow at more than 1,100 mph. • Not that we ever gave any real thought to the matter, but "snow-bones" are the lines of snow or ice left at the sides of roads after the rest of the snow has melted. • Mozart sold the most CDs in 2016, beating out Adele, Drake and Beyonce, even though those artists all had Grammy-winning hits that year. • In the 16th century, Parliament passed a law declaring the use of makeup "to deceive an Englishman into marriage" punishable as witchcraft. • A survey of 2,000 U.S. adults by the skincare brand StriVectin found 63% admitted to spending at least half their time on video calls staring at their own face, while 58% admitted to getting so distracted by their own appearance that they sometimes stopped listening. *** Thought for the Day: "Of all the liars in the world, sometimes the worst are our own fears." -- Rudyard Kipling ©2021 King Features Syndicate, Inc.

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Exercise Can Reduce Risk of Alzheimer's

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Can we do this? Exercise twice a week for 10 minutes each time to prevent Alzheimer's disease? Of course we can. Researchers examined the records and followed the progress of 250,000 patients who had mild cognitive impairment. They concluded that moderate physical activity more than once a week reduced the risk of Alzheimer's disease by 18%. We need to do more for our brain health than work the daily crossword puzzle or brush up on our chess skills. Physical exercise protects the brain, too, per the study. The key is that it should be moderate to vigorous exercise. According to the Harvard School of Public Health, examples of moderate exercise include walking 3-4 mph (a brisk walk while you're still able to hold a conversation), vacuuming and washing windows, mowing the lawn and doubles tennis. Other sources are more specific: water aerobics for 30 minutes and raking leaves for 30 minutes. For comparison, examples of light exercise include washing dishes and using a computer. Vigorous exercises are things like shoveling, singles tennis and playing basketball or soccer. Having said that, there are more parts of our bodies that need exercise than just our brains. That's where more time in an activity comes into play. Instead of a mere 10 minutes per day, we're told to shoot for 150 minutes of exercise per week, or 30 minutes onr five days. One place to start developing an exercise plan is Mayoclinic.org. Type "moderate exercise" in the search box and scroll down the results until you find something interesting. Among the 600 choices are frequency of workout, using weighted hula hoops, Zumba, secrets to a healthy heart and so much more. The earlier in life we start exercising for our brains and bodies, the longer we'll stay healthy as we age.

WONDERFUL WORDS

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• Run Island is located between Australia and Indonesia. Just a mile long, it was once one of the most valuable pieces of real estate on the planet, because nutmeg trees grew there, and nowhere else. Nutmeg was a prized spice, but it was also thought to ward off the plague, which was a problem in the 1600s.

• In 1867 Julia Tuttle married a man who owned an iron foundry in Cleveland, Ohio. Later they visited her father, who had purchased land in a small village in southern Florida. When her husband died, she took over the foundry. But when her father died, she sold • Everybody wanted to own Run Island, and the battle the foundry and moved to Florida. fell between the Dutch and the British. An English captain seized the island in the mid-1600s and held • She opened a trading post and dreamed of the day when it for five years, when the Dutch gained control. The the area would be a thriving community. She knew it British attempted to re-take the island, but failed. would never happen unless a railroad came to the area, so she began to write letters to Henry Flagler, who was • Meanwhile, British and Dutch forces were also fighta real estate tycoon, railroad promoter, and partner in ing for control of property in the Americas, where the Standard Oil. He was also from Cleveland. Dutch established New Netherland while the British

• When Flagler’s wife became ill, he took her to Florida established New England. There were skirmishes and on the advice of doctors, and noticed three things about treaties. Florida: it had enormous potential to attract tourists; • Finally, the Treaty of Breda was signed in London in it had horrible transportation; and the citrus groves 1667. This gave the Dutch ownership of Run Island, would provide a regular income for any railroad bewhile the British were awarded a previously Dutchcause they could ship the fruit to the populous cities of owned island off the coast of New England. the North. • Tiny Run Island is now forgotten, and nutmeg grows • In 1885 Flagler began building hotels and railroads. By around the world. But the island the British got in the the time he began receiving Julia’s letters, his railway exchange, which now belongs to the U.S., is the most ended at West Palm Beach, 60 miles north of Julia’s densely populated county in the nation, with 1.6 milvillage. The swamps of the Everglades lay between. In lion people living in just under 23 square miles. It has 1894 and 1895, severe frosts damaged the citrus indusbecome a major commercial, financial, and cultural try, adversely affecting the railroads. Julia sent Henry center of the world. It’s called Manhattan. a bouquet of living citrus blossoms as proof that the PORTLAND vs BOSTON groves in her region had escaped the frosts. • By 1896 Flagler’s trains had reached her area. The • In 1845 Oregon settlers Asa Lovejoy and Francis Pettygrove both wanted to name the settlement after their citizens of the village wanted to name the town after own hometowns. Lovejoy was from Boston, and Pethim, but he insisted they choose a Native American tygrove was from Portland, Maine. So they flipped a word meaning “big water.” Today the town has over coin. Pettygrove won the best-two-out-of-three con450,000 residents. What’s it called? test, and the city became Portland.

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WEST NILE VIRUS HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED IN GRAND FORKS West Nile virus (WNV) is an infection transmitted by mosquitoes. The mosquito most common for transmitting this virus is one that is widespread throughout the Grand Forks region. This mosquito does not discriminate. People of all ages are susceptible to WNV infection, but the elderly are at higher risk for developing the more severe form of this disease (neuroinvasive illness). Children infected with WNV generally show no symptoms or may have a mild fever.

WEST NILE VIRUS WARNING

Risk factors for West Nile virus: • Time of year – The majority of WNV cases occur in August. • Geographic region – The Dakotas have reported some of the highest cases per capita in the United States. • Time spent outdoors not wearing protective clothing and mosquito repellent – If you work or spend a lot of time outdoors (golfing, gardening, hunting, etc.), you’re at a higher risk of being bitten by mosquitoes. • Proximity – If you live in an area where WNV has already been identified or near mosquito larval habitat. • If you have a weakened immune system. The best way to prevent West Nile virus infection is to avoid mosquito bites. • Use mosquito-repellant products containing DEET. • Wear long sleeves and pants. • Eliminate any standing water from your property, such as trash bins, plant saucers, rain gutters, buckets, etc. The mosquito most common for transmitting this disease generally stays close to the site it hatched from. Don’t let it be a container or rain gutter from your own property.

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R.F.D. by Mike Marland

(Answers located further back)

August 16, 2021

• Rubbing alcohol can be used to remove ballpoint-pen ink from most upholstery. • “Polish wall tiles in the bathroom using car wax. They will repel water really well. Just be sure that you cover the floor before you apply any wax. You do not want to polish your tub, as that is a safety hazard for sure!” — M.W. in Missouri • If you have wood floors, you might already know about felt furniture pads — the little self-stick felt circles you put on furniture legs to reduce scratches on your floors. You might not know that these same pads can reduce scuff marks that appliances make on countertops. It also makes it easier to scoot around a heavy mixer or other appliances. • “Check your mower to see if you’re cutting your lawn to the optimum height. Generally, cutting grass to 2 1/2 inches will allow it to retain more moisture, requiring less watering, and help shade out weeds, too.” — O.F. in Alabama • Here’s a workout tip: Rotate among a few pairs of running shoes to get the best life out of them. Rotating gives them a chance to dry out between wearings, and runners who practice this routine have a 39% lower chance of injury, according to a Luxembourg research firm. • “If you’re looking to save money, don’t ignore the dollar store. You can find a lot of personal-care and homecare items there for, well, a dollar. I save quite a bit of money this way.” — R.L. in Texas Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

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• On Sept. 2, 31 B.C., at the Battle of Actium, Roman leader Octavian wins a decisive victory against the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, queen of Egypt. Antony and Cleopatra broke through the enemy lines and fled to Egypt, where they would later commit suicide. • On Sept. 5, 1666, firefighters in London begin blowing up homes in a desperate attempt to halt the spread of a great fire in the city. By the time the fire was finally extinguished, more than 100,000 people had been left homeless. • On Sept. 3, 1935, a new land-speed record is set by Britain's Sir Malcolm Campbell on the Bonneville Salt Flats of Utah. Campbell and his 2,500-horsepower Bluebird motor car made two runs over a 1-mile course at speeds averaging over 301 mph.

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• On Aug. 31, 1959, Brooklyn Dodgers left-hander Sandy Koufax strikes out 18 batters, setting a new National League record for most strikeouts in a single game. • On Aug. 30, 1963, a "hot line" between Moscow and Washington goes into effect to speed communication between U.S. and the Soviet Union and help prevent the possibility of an accidental war. Although never used, it did provide a useful prop for movies about nuclear disaster, such as "Fail Safe" and "Dr. Strangelove." • On Sept. 4, 1972, U.S. swimmer Mark Spitz wins his seventh gold medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich in the 400-meter medley relay. He set world records in every event. Spitz's record would stand until Michael Phelps took home eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games. • On Sept. 1, 1983, Soviet jet fighters shoot down a Korean Airlines passenger flight in Russian airspace, killing all 269 passengers and crew. The KAL flight had veered into a course that was close to one being simultaneously flown by a U.S. spy plane.

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ӦTZI the ICEMAN

• In September of 1991, a couple of German tourists were hiking in a mountain range on the border of Austria and Italy known as the Ötztal Alps. There they found a body, face down in the snowbank of a glacier, buried in ice from the waist down. They notified authorities who assumed they were looking at a recent death because the body was so fresh. • The body was hacked out of the ice using axes and drills. Items surrounding the body were also collected and handled roughly. One item was a copper axe. When an archaeologist examined it, he estimated it was at least 4,000 years old. Only then did authorities realize that this was no ordinary body; this was an extremely important mummy. • The mummy was named Ötzi (rhymes with “tootsie”) after the region where he was found. He was carbon dated at 5,300 years old, making him older than the Pyramids, and older than Stonehenge. He is Europe’s oldest known natural human mummy. Ötzi’s body, his clothing, and the relics found with him yielded a treasure trove of information. • It was long assumed that Ötzi died of exposure. However, in 2001, a CT scan revealed an arrowhead buried deep in his shoulder bone, the scapula. There was a matching rip in the shirt he was wearing. The location of the wound would have been fatal even with modern medical help, as it sliced a major artery and pierced his lung. Further examination revealed a deep cut to his hand that had happened shortly before death, possibly during hand-to-hand combat. The wound had been treated with a medicinal moss but had not healed when he died. Ötzi also suffered a head injury, which may have been a result of him falling after being shot by the arrow. He also had many bruis...cont'd es. It appeared that Ötzi was murdered.

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ӦTZI the ICEMAN (cont.)

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• Someone pulled the arrow shaft out of Ötzi’s shoulder, leaving the arrowhead behind, buried in bone. Eventually his body was covered in snow and buried by a glacier. • Ötzi was about 45 when he died. He suffered from bad knees, Lyme disease, dental cavities, and whipworm. Shortly before death, he ingested a medicinal herb called hornbeam used to treat nausea. Examination of his fingernails showed that he was sick three times in the six months prior to his death. The condition of his leg bones, combined with the sheep and goat hair on his clothing, suggests he may have been a shepherd. However, analysis of his hair showed elevated levels of copper and arsenic so he may have also been involved in smelting. • He had 61 tattoos, made with pigment crafted from ash and soot. The contents of his stomach revealed that he’d eaten a meal of meat, bread, and fruit about two hours before he died. His DNA shows that he most resembled modernday Sardinians. • His clothing was made largely of various animal skins and leather, except for a woven grass cape which may have also served as a sleeping mat. His belt had a pouch sewn to it that contained a cache of useful items: a scraper, a drill, and a bone awl. A flake of flint together with dried fungus served as a fire starting kit. The copper in his axe came from southern Tuscany. Ötzi also carried provisions with him, including barley, flax and poppy seeds, the fruit of the blackthorn tree, and various berries. He also had a a bow and arrow with him. • Today Ötzi is displayed in a temperature-controlled room in Italy. Studies of Ötzi and his belongings have provided invaluable information about early copper-age humans.

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