Tidbits November 29 Issue

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks

November 29, 2012

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Issue # 796

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Published by: Wick Publications • P.O. Box 12861, Grand Forks, ND 58208 • For Advertising Call: 701-772-8239 • wickpub@yahoo.com

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• In 1903 it took a doctor from Vermont and his mechanic 63 days to drive from San Francisco to New York in their two-cylinder Winston. (At the time, the same trip by railroad took about four days.) Six years later it took 21-year-old Alice Huyler Ramsey and her three girlfriends 41 days to do the same trip in their Maxwell, as a publicity stunt. Around the turn of the century, roads were nothing more than dirt tracks. When it rained or snowed, they became mud tracks. There was no organized system of roads connecting places. America needed better roads. • In 1919 young Lieutenant Colonel Dwight Eisenhower joined the military’s very first transcontinental trip. A three-mile long caravan of vehicles carrying 260 enlisted men, 35 officers, and a 15-piece band set off from the White House in Washington, D.C. for San Francisco, 3,251 miles away. It took them 62 grueling days to cross the country. They averaged five miles per hour on roads that ranged from fair to horrible.

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INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS (continued):

• During World War II, Eisenhower toured Germany after V-E day, driving on the marvelously “I love the drive-thru window. No walking through efficient Autobahn highway system that the a large store just to pick up my medicine.” a large store just to pick up my medicine.” German war machine built. He noted that al - Another Satisifed Medicap Patient - Another Satisifed Medicap Patient though the railroads could be taken out with a single well-placed bomb, the Autobahns were HOURS HOURS far more difficult to destroy, even if they were M-F 9-7 M-F 9-7 pocked with bomb craters. Good highways, he Sat. 9-1:30 Sat. 9-1:30 concluded, were essential for national defense. Jeff Theige R.Ph. Park Mall • 1395 S.S. Columbia Road • •746-1800 Theige, R.Ph. Med Med Park Mall • 1395 Columbia RoadRoad 746-1800 JeffJeff Theige, R.Ph. Med Park Mall • 1395 S. Columbia • 746-1800 It was a lesson he never forgot. Complete hearing aid care • On June 29, 1956, President Eisenhower signed • Advanced Digital Technology the Federal-Aid Highway Act. The interstate • FREE Hearing Evaluation system was born. To help fund the project, the • 60 Day Hearing Aid Trial • Service Most Makes bill increased the federal tax on gas by a penny per gallon. The project was to build 41,000 miles of divided limited-access highways including 16,000 interchanges and 55,000 bridges and overpasses. The average distance between 2514 S. Washington • Grand Forks Hours: • Mon-Fri 9-5 • Sat 9-1 exits was three miles.

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Quiz Bits

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1. Eisenhower required one out of every five miles of interstate highway to be absolutely straight in order to serve what emergency purpose? 2. Each mile of four-lane freeway covers how many acres of land? 3. What percent of the 45,000 highway deaths in the U.S. each year are alcohol-related?

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www.facebook.com/tidbitsgf • Deciding on a color for interstate signs was not an easy matter. Bertram Tallamy, the federal highway administrator, insisted on blue signs with white lettering, but a committee with the American Association of State Highway Officials wanted green signs with white letters. To settle the issue, the Bureau of Public Roads built a special three-mile test road in Maryland and hired hundreds of drivers to travel it at 65 m.p.h. On the way they passed three test signs in blue, green, and black. At the end of the road they were to vote on their favorite color. Green got 58 percent of the vote; blue 27 percent; and black got just 15 percent of the votes. Tallamy reluctantly conceded, and all highway signs are now green. Only later was it revealed that he suffered from color blindness. To him, the green signs appeared to be pale yellow.

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INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS (continued): • Interstate highways running north and south are assigned odd numbers starting on the west coast and moving east, with Interstate 5 following the Pacific coast and Interstate 95 following the Atlantic coast. Routes going across the country east and west have even numbers starting with Interstate 10 in the south and moving up to I-94 in the north. Primary interstate highways use either a one-digit or a two-digit number. Auxiliary interstate highways that link up with the primary highways all have three digits, composed of the number of the interstate ‘parent’ highway, plus a multiple of the number 100. Generally, three-digit interstates that both start and end at a primary interstate, such as a beltway, will all begin with an even number, such as I-418. Auxiliary interstates which dangle without ending at another interstate will usually begin with an odd number. Three-digit highway numbers are unique within a state, but can be duplicated across the country. For instance, there are seven different highways called I-295 ranging from Maine to Florida. • Kansas was the first state to begin constructing their interstate highway. Eight days after Eisenhower was re-elected in 1956, the nation’s first stretch of Interstate opened near Topeka, only 70 miles from Eisenhower’s hometown of Abilene. That prompted work in states all over the nation, and construction proceeded at the average rate of 1,000 miles per year. Suddenly a big conveyor belt was moving: the more highways there were, the more cars traveled; the more cars traveled, the more gas they used and the more gas tax they paid; the more taxes paid, the more money for new highways; the more highways built, the more cars traveled.

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• The highway system was supposed to be done in a mere thirteen years. Instead, it took forty years. $25 billion in federal funds were designated to pay for the project; it ended up costing $560 billion. • To construct the interstate highway system, enough concrete was poured to make a sidewalk extending from Earth to a point five times the distance to the moon. Enough earth was moved to cover the state of Connecticut knee deep in dirt. • The Century Freeway in L.A. was opened in 1993, completing one of the final sections of interstate. By that time, over 90 percent of American households owned at least one vehicle. • Although it composes only 1.2 percent of the nation’s roadways, the interstate system carries nearly 23 percent of the traffic.

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• The arrival of interstate highways often had detrimental effects on surrounding communities which continue today. Highways made it easier for people who work in the cities to live in the suburbs, so those who could afford to move did so, leaving behind only those who couldn’t afford to move, generally minorities. The businesses followed, finding better locations where they catered to wealthy suburbanites instead of poor city dwellers. The result was the constant and continuing erosion of the tax base in cities. Slums spread. Another effect was that interstate interchanges attracted businesses that catered to highway travelers: gas stations, motels, restaurants, malls. As more and more businesses relocated to the highways, fewer and fewer people shopped in downtown districts, which often became derelict. In most cities around the world, real estate close to the city center is the most valuable property. In the U.S., the opposite is often true.

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INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS (continued):

Tidbits of Grand Forks/ East Grand Forks is Locally Owned and Operated.

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OVERCOMING THE ODDS:

CHARLES STRATTON

When Charles Stratton was born in Connecticut in 1838, he weighed a healthy nine pounds, eight ounces. However, his parents soon noted that he wasn’t growing like other children. A malfunctioning pituitary gland slowed his growth, so at age four, he was only 25 inches long. He never grew much beyond that height. At the age of five he weighed exactly as much as he had at the age of 15 months. He was perfectly normal except for his size. He was not misshapen or ugly, but instead was perfectly proportioned, very attractive, and extremely intelligent. At the age of five Charles was first introduced to Phineas T. Barnum, and Barnum knew his fortune was made. • Charles’ name was changed to General Tom Thumb, and he was billed as being 11 years old and from England, when in reality he was only 5 and from Connecticut. (When they travelled to Europe, he was billed as being American, and when he grew older his age was revised downward.) After being put on stage in a comedy routine with two 8-foot giants, Tom Thumb became the darling of the world. 15,000 people a day flocked to see him, each paying a quarter entrance fee.

• World tours were extremely successful. On a trip to England Barnum very much wanted the publicity that would result from an audience with the Queen. But the Queen was in mourning and refused to see any visitors. So Barnum merely announced that he was leaving England and traveling to France in order to introduce Tom Thumb to the King of France. A fierce social rivalry existed between the Queen of England and the King of France. As Barnum expected, an invitation to visit the Queen was not long in coming.

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CHARLES STRATTON (continued):

by Samantha Weaver

• It was revered civil-rights leader Mohandas Gandhi who made the following sage observation: “Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err.” • If you’re afraid of rats and mice, you might not want to read the following tidbit: Those who study such things say that 60 percent of all the mammals on earth are rodents. • Athletes playing baseball on steroids have frequently been in the news in recent years, but drugs are nothing new in America’s national sport. During the late 1960s and throughout almost all of the ‘70s, Dock Ellis was a valued pitcher who played for several teams, including the Pittsburgh Pirates. On June 12, 1970, Ellis took LSD, under the mistaken belief that it was an off day for his team. By the time he realized that the Pirates were scheduled to play against the San Diego Padres that evening, it was too late. © 2012 King Features Synd., Inc.

The drug proved to have no ill effect on Ellis; in fact, he pitched a no-hitter. When he recounted the event to a reporter 12 years later, he said he remembered only bits and pieces of the game, though he felt euphoric. Many years later, after being treated for addiction, Ellis became a coordinator for an antidrug program in California. • It’s been reported that Albert Einstein did not like to wear socks. • George W. Church, the founder of Church’s Fried Chicken, didn’t actually enter the restaurant business until after he retired. In his first career, Church ran a chicken hatchery and sold incubators. • Historians say that Russia’s Peter the Great was nearly 7 feet tall. * * * Thought for the Day: “Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then.” -- Katharine Hepburn

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• Tom Thumb had a delightful sense of humor and impeccable manners. He had a gift for improvisation while on the stage. His specialty was imitating Napoleon Bonaparte, an act that won him world-wide renown. After traveling the world with Barnum, he returned to his hometown of Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he had a home built to scale, with furniture and furnishings constructed in exactly the correct proportions. • When Barnum hired a 32-inch-tall female performer named Lavinia Warren Bump, Tom Thumb instantly fell in love, and the two were married. Their wedding was featured in every newspaper and magazine in the nation. The newlyweds toured the world together, performing in nearly 600 cities around the globe. By the time they returned to Connecticut, they had performed in front of more people than any other person in history – a record they held until the invention of the television. They were also rich beyond their wildest dreams. When Barnum went bankrupt after investing unwisely, it was Tom Thumb’s earning power that put him back on his feet. • When Charles Stratton died of a stroke at the age of 45, he stood 3 feet, four inches tall and weighed just 71 pounds. More than 10,000 mourners attended his funeral, and newspapers around the world carried news of his death and descriptions of the funeral service. His wife lived to the age of 77, and is buried beside him in Connecticut.

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• Once when Tom Thumb was robbed, Barnum himself spread the rumor that Tom had been kidnapped and was being held for ransom. The public furor increased interest all over Europe.

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• At certain places in the Canadian Arctic, huge swarms can bite an unprotected human up to 9,000 times per minute. A person in this situation could lose half their blood volume in two hours. Mosquitoes even draw blood from freshly dead animals. Scientists estimate there are around 2500 different species of mosquito, although only 130 live in North America. Of those, only two kinds regularly snack on a human beings- and it is only the females who bite. • The female’s antennae are long and threadlike, but the male’s are bushy like tiny feathers. The female uses her antennae for tracking the source of carbon dioxide. She can detect a human being from a distance of 40 yards even in darkness. A mosquito’s wings beat around 600 times per second, and the male uses his fuzzy antennae to home in on the whining sound of the female’s wingbeat which is different from the sound of a male’s wingbeat. The sound also differs from species to species and the male of one species ignores females of another species. • A power station built in Canada malfunctioned over and over until engineers found that the equipment was being jammed by thousands of male mosquitoes who were attracted to the whining sound of the machinery which perfectly imitated the sound of a female mosquito. Male mosquitoes will even be attracted to a tuning fork that vibrates at the same frequency of the humming of a female’s wings.

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Differences: 1. Bird feeder is missing. 2. Plant is missing. 3. Hat is different. 4. Hair is different. 5. Number is missing. 6. Belt is missing.

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• Pregnant female need a meal of DEERE. JOHNmosquitoes DEERE. (continued): blood to get protein they need to lay their eggs. • It was while living in Illinois that John noIf you look closely at a female mosquito, you ticed the problems that farmers faced when will see only one thin needle-like proboscis. attempting to till soil. Because the area had However, four different formerlythere been are woodland, the soiltools was inside rich thiswith sheath. Two of them act like electric hummus, which clumped and clungcarvto ingthe knives, serrated thatwere sliceaccusup and bladeswith of the plowsedges farmers down to to drill a hole in repairing the donor’s skin.cirOne tomed using. While a broken acts likesaw, a hose, injecting saliva which thinsHethe cular Deere stumbled upon an idea. blood, prevents it from clotting, and makes employed his smith skills to fashion the steel it easier suck. the of allergic reaction to this bladetointo theIt’s shape a plow. He affixed two that wooden spokes, thenand hitched the device saliva causes the itch, the average time to a horse. It plowed the heavy Illinois soil between the sting and the itch is three minutes. like a charm. fact, happened The fourth toolInacts asaafarmer straw,who drawing blood to be observing the test run immediately put into the mosquito’s body. In 90 seconds of suckin an order for his own John Deere plow. ing, she can take in more than her weight in supplying enough protein enable her •blood, In short order, Deere gave up histoblacksmith and focused oneggs. making plows. to shop lay several hundred After she’s The done company grewshe steadily and added manytoemlaying her eggs, immediately begins look ployees. In the late 1840s, John relocated the for another blood meal so she can lay more. If operation to Moline, Illinois. Ashamed sheentire escapes predators and other disasters, she of his own lack of education, John sent his can lay eggs some 20 times before dying of old to the state’s finest schools. One only of agechildren after four or five months. Fortunately, his proudest days occurred when son Charles about one out of every 200 female mosquitoes earned equivalent of an MBA from Bell’s lives longthe enough to reproduce. Commercial College in Chicago.

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• Most mosquitoes feed on nectar, fruit juices, or • With his son Charles managing the company, honeydew excreted by aphids and other insects. John found time to pursue philanthropic inOne kind lands on ants and thrusts its beak down terests. He co-founded both the First Nationthealant’s gullet to rob it of semi-digested food. Bank and the First Congregational Church.In Steven Speilberg’s Jurassic Park inscientists He was elected thefilm mayor of Moline 1873, discover a giant ancient mosquito of the species where one of his first actions – the replaceToxorynchites trapped in amber. Finding that ment of the city’s open drains with a sewer thepipe mosquito on acountless dinosaurlives before becomsystem fed – saved by reducinging trapped, theyof use DNA from the dinosaur the spread disease. reconstruct new dinosaurs. However, •blood The to original John Deere logo, registered in the1876, Toxorynchites was one breed of depicted a deer that was native mosquito to Afrithatca.never fed on blood, plantitjuices. Thirty-six years later,only in 1912, was re-Its mouth parts weren’t set up for piercing skin and placed with the image of a North American sucking blood. deer. In the decades that folwhite-tailed lowed, the now-familiar “outline” logo took Thanks for Reading Tidbits! over as the symbol of the John Deere brand.

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