Tidbits December 13 Issue

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks

December 13, 2012

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Issue # 798

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This Tidbits will ring some bells of history! Bells have been around for many centuries, including references in the Bible. Long before telephone ringers, ambulance sirens, internet, emails and “tweets,” bells summoned the masses for news, happy and sad. • Bells are rung at many major life events and occasions, including weddings and funerals in some religions. In earlier centuries bells were also rung to make announcements at community squares. Many churches ring bells at Christmas to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.

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• A famous old poem written on December 25, 1864 by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow became one of our best loved Christmas Carols. “I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day,” was actually a poem that Wadsworth wrote concerning the sadness of America’s Civil War and the hope for its end. Two stanzas were removed when the poem was set to music by John Baptiste Calkin in 1872. The words, “Peace on earth, good will toward men,” included in the song, come from Luke 2:14 in the Bible. • Ringing of bells and other noisemakers may have originated with pagans, people who have “little or no religion.” They used the bells to scare away evil spirits. turn the page for more!

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BELLS AND WHISTLES (continued):

• Traditionally in Anglican and Catholic churches, the church day starts at sunset. So, “I love the drive-thru window. No walking through a large store just to pick up my medicine.” for many churches the first service of Christa large store just to pick up my medicine.” - Another Satisifed Medicap Patient mas Day will have bells ringing. These signify - Another Satisifed Medicap Patient the start of Christmas services in many areas. In the United Kingdom (U.K.) it is traditional HOURS HOURS M-F 9-7 M-F 9-7 for the largest bell to be rung four times in the Sat. 9-1:30 Sat. 9-1:30 hour prior to midnight; then at midnight all of JeffJeff Theige R.Ph. Med Park Mall • 1395 S. Columbia Road • 746-1800 Theige, R.Ph. Med Park Mall • 1395 S. Columbia Road • 746-1800 Jeff Theige, R.Ph. Med Park Mall • 1395 S. Columbia Road • 746-1800 the bells ring to celebrate Christmas. Many old churches in the U.K. and other European Gift Q W Massage & Spa countries have historic bells that have been Certificates 305 Demers Ave, EGF MN ringing for centuries. Available

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1. Is the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia the original bell that was cast in London? 2. T or F: The Liberty Bell is located inside Independence Hall? 3. What were the names of “The Three Muskateers” written by Alexandre Dumas? 4 What comic book hero has a nemesis named Ming the Merciless?

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• One of those old churches, St. Lawrence Church in Ipswich, Suffolk, England, has what is thought to be the oldest set of bells in the world. Dating from about 1450, the set of five bells had not been used for two decades because of the poor condition of the tower that housed them. They were in a tower that was built in 1883, that was very flimsy. In a restoration project funded by donations to the Ipswich Historic Churches Trust, the bells were moved to an older, sturdier part of the building that was built in the 15th century. In September, 2009, the bells rang again, much to the delight of the town. Now when the bells are rung, they are in a part of the church where they can be seen through a glass screen. The building is no longer a church but is part of the Ipswich Town Centre. • In the Ipswich project, the bells were cleaned at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in East London. Whitechapel is Britain’s oldest manufacturing company, established during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in 1570. In 1970 the Foundry celebrated 400 years, a quatercentenary! (It is now in its 442nd year.) • Famous bells from Whitechapel include the Liberty Bell, the Great Bell of Montreal and the largest bell it has ever cast, Big Ben.

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BELLS AND WHISTLES (continued): • Big Ben at Westminster Abbey deserves its name; weighing 13 tons (11.79 tonnes). It was cast (or made) in 1858. While most of the work of the company is with large bells, including all of the equipment needed and installation in church towers, Whitechapel also makes handbells and other small bells.

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• The first true “peal” was believed to have occurred on May 2, 1715 at St. Peter Mancroft Church in Norwich, England. A peal is “a true touch of at least 5000 changes.” This magical ringing typically takes around three hours to ring!

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• Change ringing is a performing art, similar to a team sport, in that the team must work together in harmony to ring the bells. It is similar to being a part of an orchestra. Each ringer must learn to do his or her part. There are many change ringing organizations in England. The oldest association is the “Companie of Ringers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln” which was started in 1612.

• A strange ban that occurred during World War II was the ringing of bells. Ringing was quickly reinstated when peace returned.

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• While bell ringing, called “change ringing,” is most popular in England where it started centuries ago, there are bell ringers all over the world. Most English church bell towers have at least six to eight, but sometimes as many as sixteen bells in a the bell chamber or belfry. There are more than 5000 churches with bells for change ringing in their bell towers in England, while there are fewer than 300 in the rest of the world.

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BELLS AND WHISTLES (continued):

by Samantha Weaver

In that month, one of the contestants was arrested for dealing drugs, but the remaining two stayed aloft until May. Once the freezing winter was finally over, the radio station decided to declare both of the men winners. • As the end of the year approaches, you might consider an old British tradition of fortune-telling. Light a candle, place it on the floor and jump over it. If • In 1982, a radio station in the flame does not go out, Allentown, Pa., thought its you’re likely to enjoy good rating could use a bit of a luck during the coming year. boost, so it came up with a • If you’re like the avercontest: Three contestants, age American, you use selected at random, would between 75 and 100 gallive on top of one of the sta- lons of water every day. tion’s billboards (portable • TRIVIA The Sahara Desert is toiletsNEWSFRONT and sleeping bags nearly ANSWERS as large as the conwere provided). The last one tinental United States. 1. Eurythmics to give up would be awarded * * a mobile home. The prob2. Jessica Lange* lem was, nobody wanted to Thought for the Day: “If Casper, the Friendly give up. The3.three men who at first Ghost you don’t succlimbed to the top of the sign ceed, try again. Then quit. William Shakespeare at the end of 4. September were No use being a damn fool still there come March 1983. about it.” -- W.C. Fields 5. Freddy Krueger • It was the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, who made the following observation: “The man who reads nothing at all is better educated than the man who reads nothing but newspapers.” • Those who study such things say that a rainbow can’t be seen at midday; the optical phenomena are visible only in the morning or in the late afternoon.

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• There has been change ringing in North America since 1744 with groups of ringers active in Quebec, British Columbia, South Carolina, Illinois and more at various times. By the middle of the 20th century, change ringing in bell towers had almost completely died out on the continent. Change ringing was occurring some with handbells but the history is slim on that. In the early 1960s there were only seven active bell towers in North America: four in Canada and three in the U.S. • The installation of change ringing bells at the new National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. in 1963 stoked the energy for new ringers in North America. Today The North American Change Ringers Guild, officially chartered in 1972, has more than 560 members with about 50 active bell towers in North America. • The London-based “Ancient Society of College Youths” is one of the oldest ringing societies, started in 1637. They have members all over the world. • While bell-ringing is an old and refined form of music, it is also popular in Christmas stories and songs that have nothing to do with classic bell tower tunes. Christmas bells are in many classic Christmas songs: “Jingle Bells,” “Silver Bells,” and “Christmas Bells are Ringing,” are three well-known Christmas carols that have been passed down for generations. • Santa Claus and his reindeer jingle bells as they fly through the sky. Bells are attached to the reindeer harnesses and Santa’s sleigh. • You have probably heard the saying “Every time a bell rings, an angel gets his wings”. Most remember this saying from the movie “It’s a Wonderful Life,” but over a hundred years ago this was a very common saying.

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One of the most intriguing ancient sites in the world sits at a high elevation in the Andean mountains of Peru in South America. • The magnificent setting sits 9,060 feet (2,761 m) above sea level. Covering 5 square miles (12.95 sq km), Machu Picchu is the most unusual urban creation known that was built by the ancient Incan Empire. The terraces, ramps and giant walls look as if they were cut naturally in the rock escarpments but they were built by the Incans. • Machu Picchu means “Old Peak” in the local Quechuan language. The Incas may not have been the first people to use the mountaintop site but they were the ones who turned the site into an extraordinary city. • The ruins of the old civilization sit high in the clouds above the Urubamba River. There are remains of palaces, baths, storage rooms, temples and about 150 houses. The structures are carved from the granite of the mountain top and are architectural and aesthetic wonders. Many of the giant building blocks weigh 50 tons or more (45 metric tons +) but are fitted together in such a way as to not allow a thin knife blade to be inserted in the mortarless joints. • The ancient city is invisible from below and completely self-contained. The agriculture is and was sufficient for the residents with natural springs for drinking and crop production. • Yale history professor, Hiram Bingham, is given credit for “discovering” Machu Picchu in 1911. In fact, the Incan people and others had already found the area! He “rediscovered” it and brought it much fame by revealing what he saw in lectures, news articles and books after his return.

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• The Incas were overthrown by the Spanish in 1532 and their culture became virtually unknown until discoveries such as Bingham’s revealed much of their history years later.

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• It is believed, through much of the archeological evidence, that Machu Picchu was an important ceremonial center for the Incas. In 2001, Peru’s first president of Andean Indian descent, Alejandro Toledo, celebrated his inauguration at Machu Picchu.

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• On Dec. 19, 1917, four teams of the National Hockey League play the league’s first two games. At the time of its inception, the NHL was made up of the Canadiens and the Wanderers (both of Montreal), the Ottawa Senators, the Quebec • On Dec. 22, 1808, Beethoven’s Bulldogs and the Toronto Arenas. Fifth Symphony has its world pre- • On Dec. 23, 1968, the crew and miere in Vienna. The concert captain of the U.S. intelligence gathvenue was freezing cold and the ering ship Pueblo are released after orchestra played poorly enough 11 months imprisonment by the govto force the nearly deaf composer ernment of North Korea. The ship, -- also acting as conductor and and its 83-man crew, was seized by pianist -- to stop the ensemble warships on Jan. 23 and charged with partway into one passage and start intruding into North Korean waters. again from the very beginning. • On Dec. 21, 1970, rock star El• On Dec. 17, 1903, near Kitty vis Presley pays a surprise visit Hawk, N.C., Orville and Wilbur to President Richard Nixon at the Wright make the first successful White House to discuss the war on flight of a self-propelled aircraft. Or- drugs. Presley apparently was not ville piloted the gasoline-powered, searched before being granted adpropeller-driven biplane, which mission: Upon meeting Nixon, he stayed aloft for 12 seconds and cov- presented the president with a gift ered 120 feet on its inaugural flight. -- a World War II-era Colt .45 pistol. • On Dec. 18, 1777, the new United States celebrates its first national day of thanksgiving, commemorating the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga after the surrender of Gen. John Burgoyne and 5,000 British troops that October.

MACHU PICCHU (continued): • The Inca civilization is one of the ancient cultures that has been studied for centuries. Back in the time of Columbus’ “discovery” of America, the Incan Empire was in control of most of South America. A mysterious culture, the Incans had phenomenal abilities in construction, agricultural, and organization that are still apparent in the high mountains of the city of Machu Picchu.

• Even though the ancient city is not easy to get to, there are thousands of tourists who flock there every year. In fact, the Peruvian government introduced new tourist limits in 2011 to protect the historical sites. • Train and bus rides now take tourists to the top of the mountain that is Machu Picchu today. In Bingham’s time in the early 1900s mules and hiking were the only way to go. When the trails and old city were cleared of overgrown brush after years of neglect, wellconstructed roads with pavement and drainage were discovered. The Incas had set up a nice system that was ahead of their time. • Hiking is still possible for tourists who prefer more adventure. There are many stairs at Machu Picchu; in fact, more than 100 individual staircases, many of them carved somewhat miraculously from single slabs of stone.

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• Being a man with many personal and business friends and acquaintances, and considering that people would hand write their Christmas greetings, he felt that he didn’t have time to write them. In 1843, he commissioned artist John Calcott Horsley to design a card that would depict the poor living conditions under which many lived. His idea was to raise awareness and encourage help for the poor. • Ironically, the card that Horsley made for Sir Henry Cole caused quite a stir of criticism. The happy family on the front of the card included a child sipping wine! As in today’s society, this was not acceptable behavior. In spite of the inappropriateness, the Christmas card was a hit. • Neither Cole nor Horsley had any idea of the impact their Christmas cards would have on Britain, later America and even the world over. By 1880 the design and development of cards would become big business and open up opportunities for writers, artists, printers and engravers. • The first Christmas cards were not religious in nature. They usually were quite plain with depictions of animals, winter scenes, girls, dolls and more. A few had drawings of angels. • The first appearance of Christmas cards in the United States was in 1874. Bavarian-born lithographer, Louis Prang, is often referred to as the “Father of the American Christmas card.”

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• Sir Henry was a writer of children’s books, handbooks for art and design and many more ventures. He was involved in public service for more than 50 years, including assisting with the postal service.

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The first Christmas cards were issued to raise awareness of people in need. In 1843, Sir Henry Cole, in England, wanted to help those living in desolate conditions.

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• Prang ran aJOHN successful printing company in DEERE. DEERE. (continued): Boston during the late nineteenth century, pro• It was while living in Illinois that John noducing high quality reproductions of famous ticed the problems that farmers faced when art work and greeting cards, using a technique attempting to till soil. Because the area had called chromolithography. Prior to his cards, formerly been woodland, the soil was rich Christmas cards which were clumped rarely exchanged with hummus, and clung toin America. Hisofcards were among firstaccusto dethe blades the plows farmersthe were picttomed religious scenes. to using. While repairing a broken circular saw, Deere stumbled upon an idea.issued He • U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower his smith skillscard to fashion theemployed first official Christmas from the steel White bladeininto the Now, shape aofcommon a plow. practice, He affixed House 1953. the two wooden spokes, then hitched the device official White House cards are usually designed a horse. American It plowed artists the heavy soil by to prominent and Illinois depict White like ascenes. charm.In In1961 fact, athere farmer who happened House were just 2000 reto be observing the test run immediately cipients of the official cards; by 2005 there put were an order for his own John Deere plow. 1.4inmillion! Inof short order, Deere gave upcompanies his blacksmith • •One the largest greeting card in the shop and focused on making plows. world, Hallmark, has done remarkably wellThe with companycards, grew wrapping steadily and added many emChristmas paper, ornaments and ployees. In the late 1840s, John relocated the more. All kinds of cards are made by the comentire operation to Moline, Illinois. Ashamed pany started by two brothers in 1910 in Norfolk, of his own lack of education, John sent his Nebraska. They moved to Kansas City, Missouri children to the state’s finest schools. One of shortly after to be near a bigger market of cushis proudest days occurred when son Charles tomers. The slogan, “when you care enough to earned the equivalent of an MBA from Bell’s give the very best,” wasinadopted Commercial College Chicago.in 1944. • •TheWith international headquarters forthe Hallmark are his son Charles managing company, located at Crown Center in Kansas City. The John found time to pursue philanthropic inMayor’s Tree,both onethe ofFirst the Nationtallest in terests. Christmas He co-founded thealnation, is erected at Crown Center Square Bank and the First Congregational Church. every year.elected The Hallmark Center is fun He was the mayorVisitor of Moline in 1873, anywhere time of year, with free admission. There are one of his first actions – the replacemany great exhibits, including one where you ment of the city’s open drains with a sewer canpipe press a button to create a bow can system – saved countless livesthat by you reduckeep souvenir. ingasthea spread of disease. • •Another free Christmas goody The original John Deere logo,happened registereda few in years agodepicted in Germany. 2004, German post 1876, a deerInthat wasthe native to Afrioffice gave awayyears 20 million scented ca. Thirty-six later, in 1912, stickers it was re-for placed with thewith image of a like North Christmas cards smells firAmerican trees, cinwhite-tailed deer. In decades folnamon, gingerbread, andthe more. Whatthat a “scentlowed, idea! the now-familiar “outline” logo took sational” over as the symbol of the John Deere brand.

Information in the Tidbits® Paper is gathered from sources considered to be reliable, but the accuracy of all information cannot be guaranteed.

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TRILOGY III

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