Tidbits Grand Forks - January 14, 2016 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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JANUARY OBSERVANCES by Kathy Wolfe

Everyone is familiar with New Year’s Day and Martin Luther King Day, but how about some of the lesser-known observances in the month of January? This week, Tidbits starts off 2016 by apprising you of some of the more unfamiliar ones. • National Kazoo Day will be celebrated on January 28, commemorating this member of the membranophone musical family. The player hums into the kazoo, which modifies the voice through a stretched vibrating membrane. This interesting instrument made its U.S. debut at the Georgia State Fair in 1852 as the “Down South Submarine,” the brainstorm of an African-American named Alabama Vest and a German-American clockmaker, Thaddeus Von Clegg. Production for the masses didn’t begin until 1912. You can visit the kazoo museum in Eden, New York, which also functions as a factory. • Go ahead. Make someone’s day by giving them a compliment on January 24, National Compliment Day. Researchers have discovered after monitoring activity in the brain’s striatum, that receiving a compliment registers the same effects as receiving a cash award or gift. If you’re looking for a means of motivating someone, give it a try!

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• January 6 is Epiphany, observing the day that the three Wise Men reached the site of Jesus’ birth in Nazareth. Considered the last day in the Christmas season, it’s often called the 12th day of Christmas. In some cultures, it is the day for the annual blessing of homes. Residents will use chalk to write the letters “CMB” on their doors, symbolizing the initials of the names traditionally ascribed to the three kings.

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JANUARY OBSERVANCES (cont.) • January is National Polka Music Month, honoring this European dance music that originated in Bohemia. The term for this Czech peasant dance has its origins in the Czech language’s word Pulka, meaning “half-step,” a characteristic of this 2/4 time dance. The dance migrated from villages into Prague ballrooms in 1835, and on to Paris in 1840, where it became extremely popular. Eastern European immigrants to America originally brought the polka to the Midwest and Great Lakes area. Typical instruments in a polka band might include a clarinet, saxophone, tuba, accordion, and concertina, along with a rhythm section. • Speaking of dancing, the week of January 11 – 17 is National Cuckoo Dancing Week. This observance is in honor of the comic duo Laurel and Hardy. The thin Stan Laurel (born in Lancashire, England) and the heavyset Oliver Hardy (born in Harlem, Georgia) teamed up in the late 1920s with a slapstick comedy act. Appearing in 107 films together, they used a tune known as “The Cuckoo Song” (or “The Dance of the Cuckoos”) as part of the opening credits of their movies.

• The Ford Motor Company paved the way for better working conditions on January 5, 1914, when it announced an eight-hour workday for its employees and a “living wage” of a minimum of $5 for a day’s labor. This was more than double the wages of most of the workers. Henry Ford hoped this action would help reduce his company’s high turnover rate, while retaining the best employees, a goal that was achieved.

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JANUARY OBSERVANCES (cont.):

• January is National Hot Tea Month! Did you know that tea is the world’s second most popular and cheapest beverage (after water)? Every day about three billion cups of tea are consumed around the world. In America, it can be found in 80% of households, and an estimated 127 million Americans are drinking it on any given day. Most of that tea comes from India, the world’s largest tea producer, processing about 850,000 tons each year. More tea drinkers sip black tea than any other type, 90% of total tea consumption. Although black, oolong, green, and white teas all come from the same shrub, black tea is more oxidized than the other three. The invention of the tea bag came about by accident. In 1904, a New York tea importer was looking for a cheaper way to send samples to customers. Thomas Sullivan had been using tin boxes, but as this proved expensive, he began wrapping the tea in small silk bas. His customers didn’t realize that the bags were just packaging, and brewed their tea in them. Soon after, Sullivan was receiving orders for the new product. Today, 96% of the world brews its tea using a tea bag.

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The average cup of black tea contains between 40 and 120 mg. of caffeine, with green tea total 60 mg., depending on how long the bag is steeped. • On January 19, 1937, Howard Hughes went into the record books with the fastest flight from Los Angeles to New York City. He flew the 2,490mile distance in 7 hours, 28 minutes, and 25 seconds, with an average speed of 332 mph in his Hughes H-1 racer. This flight broke his own previous record of 9 hours, 26 minutes, and 10 seconds.

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• It was 20th-century American historian, sociologist, philosopher and literary critic Lewis Mumford who made the following sage observation: "A man of courage never needs weapons, but he may need bail." • In the 1960s, American spies in the Soviet Union had a novel way to eavesdrop on conversations: They used cats. The CIA agents placed listening devices on the felines in order to hear conversations that might take place on a park bench or near an open window. • Polar bears and grizzly bears are similar enough genetically to successfully mate. Any offspring produced from such a union is known as a "pizzly." • If you're a book lover who is fortunate enough to be planning a trip to Japan's capital sometime soon, then Book and Bed Tokyo needs to be on your agenda. For a mere $30-$40 per night, you can sleep in a bunk surrounded by bookshelves and have access to free Wi-Fi and a vending machine. The bathrooms and a large seating area (furnished, reportedly, with deep, comfy couches) will be shared with other guests -- but that's just an opportunity to meet like-minded literary travelers! You can bring your own reading material, of course, but with 1,700 titles provided in both English in Japanese, there's no need. • It's common knowledge that the ostrich is a flightless bird, but many people don't realize that, even confined to land, the ostrich can outrun a racehorse. • If you use rats or mice to tell the future, you're engaging in myomancy; if you prefer to base your divination on the flight or song of birds, you're an ornithomancer. *** Thought for the Day: "I would like to see anyone -- prophet, king or God -- convince a thousand cats to do the same thing at the same time." -- Neil Gaiman © 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Unusual Animals:

PENGUINS

January 20 is Penguin Awareness Day and what better time to make our readers aware of this flightless bird’s characteristics! • It’s a common misconception that penguins are found only in Antarctica. They actually live on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere – Australia, South America, Africa, and Antarctica. The first written mention of penguins was in a diary from a member of the crew on Vasco da Gama’s 1497 voyage around the Cape of Good Hope, an entry that mentioned large flightless birds. The first published account of a penguin was written by Antonio Pigafetta, a crewman aboard Ferdinand Magellan’s ship during the explorer’s first circumnavigation of the world in 1520. The writer referred to the penguins as geese. • It’s also a myth that penguins have to live in a cold climate. The Galapagos Penguin lives on tropical islands near the equator. Larger species of penguins dwell in the colder climates because their body size enables them to survive in the conditions. Warmer climates are home to smaller penguins.

• Penguins spend about 75% of their lives in water, where all of their hunting is done. They don’t swim out into deep water, since their prey – krill, fish, and squid – is within 60 feet of the surface. Most sea animals rely on a layer of blubber to stay warm, but penguins are able to endure the cold because their feathers trap a layer of warm air next to their skin that serves as insulation. Some species have four layers of feathers to keep them warm in the cold waters. Every year, penguins undergo molting, when all their old feathers are replaced by new ones. Most birds molt a few feathers at a time, but penguins do it all at once, and because they are not waterproof during this time, must remain on land for two or three weeks until the process is complete. • Penguins have a special oil gland that produces waterproofing oil that further insulates their body as well as improving their glide through the water. • Even though they’re carnivores, penguins don’t have teeth! The inside of the mouth is lined with fleshy spines that guide the fish down their throat. They swallow their prey whole as they swim.

• There are 19 documented species of penguins, varying in size and appearance. The smallest is the Little Blue • Many species live in large groups, numbering in the thousands, called rookeries. Even in this huge Penguin, standing about 12 inches tall, weighing only 3 community, every penguin has a distinct call and lbs. The largest species is the Emperor Penguin, which can find its mate or chicks in the crowd. Most pencan reach a height of 44 inches and weigh up to 90 lbs. guins are monogamous and breed with the same Some species are strictly black and white, while others mate for most of their lives. The Emperor Penhave orange and yellow markings on their little tuxedos. guins have just one egg each breeding season and • Although penguins have wing-bones, they are more keep it warm on the top of their feet under a fold like flippers, making the birds very quick swimmers, of skin containing a high concentration of blood able to swim up to 22 mph. vessels that keep the egg incubated. The Emperor has a long life span, up to 50 years.

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Thanks for Reading Tidbits!

• On Jan. 19, 1809, author Edgar Allan Poe is born in Boston. By the time he was 3 years old, Poe's parents had died, leaving him in the care of his godfather, John Allan. Allan eventually disowned Poe for gambling debts. • On Jan. 22, 1879, U.S soldiers badly bloody Cheyenne Chief Dull Knife and his people as they make a desperate march to flee the Indian Territory where they had been relocated and return to their Wyoming homeland. • On Jan. 18, 1912, after a two-month ordeal, the expedition of British explorer Robert Falcon Scott arrives at the South Pole only to find that Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen had preceded them by just over a month. • On Jan. 21, 1959, Carl Dean Switzer, the actor who as a child played "Alfalfa," the frecklefaced boy with a cowlick, in the "Our Gang" comedy film series, dies at age 31 in a fight in California. • On Jan. 23, 1968, the U.S. intelligence-gathering ship Pueblo is seized by the North Korean navy and its crew charged with spying. Negotiations to free the 83-man crew dragged on for nearly a year, and required a signed confession by the ship's captain admitting to spying. • On Jan. 24, 1972, after 28 years of hiding in the jungles of Guam, farmers discover Shoichi Yokoi, a Japanese sergeant who was unaware that World War II had ended. Yokoi had gone into hiding rather than surrender to the Americans. • On Jan. 20, 1981, minutes after Ronald Reagan's inauguration as the 40th president of the United States, the 52 U.S. captives held at the U.S. embassy in Teheran, Iran, are released, ending the 444-day Iran Hostage Crisis. President Jimmy Carter had been unable to diplomatically resolve the crisis.

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NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE Stan Laurel lived eight years after the death of his comedy partner Oliver Hardy. For those final years, Laurel refused to perform. The catchphrase most used by Hardy when rebuking his partner in film was, "Well, here's another nice mess you've gotten me into!" French aviator Jean Pierre Blanchard made the first U.S. Balloon flight on January 9, 1793. His balloon was launched from Philadelphia and landed in Deptford, New Jersey. President George Washington was on hand for the occasion.

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(Answers located 2 pages after this one)

• Take a bit of time to prep healthy snacks on a Sunday, and you’ll be able to just grab them throughout the week. Some examples are baby carrots, mixed nuts, pretzels or cut-up fruit. • Probiotics like those found in yogurt can help keep your digestive system in line when travelling. Have a yogurt a day to keep trouble away. • If you have issues with seasonal allergies or dry skin, consider the humidity in your home. Run a dehumidifier to prevent dust mite allergies from flaring in winter, but use a humidifier if dry skin is your nemesis. • Spilled water on your favorite book? Separate each page with wax paper to keep the pages from sticking while it dries out. • I still have some gift cards left from the holidays. To keep track of the amount I’ve spend and what’s left on the gift cards, I write the balance directly on the card with a permanent marker. Avoid the barcode area, and you can write whatever you like on the card without ruining it. — T.E. in Kansas • Got greasy stains on your shirt? Rub in some baking soda before washing in the hottest water possible for the fabric. The baking soda draws the oil out and away from the fabric. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

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HEART ATTACK FACTS • 37% of all deaths in the United States are related to heart disease, making it the largest single cause of natural death. Heart disease kills twice as many people as all forms of cancer combined. The major causes are smoking, fatty diet, high blood pressure, obesity, stress, heredity, lack of exercise, and diabetes. It is an illness produced of man's environment. Before 1900, heart attacks were very rare. The rate of heart disease increased so sharply between 1940 and 1967 that the World Health Organization called it the world’s most serious epidemic. • Every single cell in the heart is guided by an electrical impulse which synchronizes the heartbeat so all muscle cells contract in unison to pump the blood. During a heart attack, the cells begin firing out of turn so the efficiency of the heart is lost and the blood does not get pumped. When doctors shock the heart, the shock overrides each cell’s individual firing mechanism and once again synchronizes every cell, hopefully getting them all to work together again. WANT TO RUN YOUR OWN BUSINESS? Publish a

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DRAGONS

January 16 is Appreciate a Dragon Day, and while Tidbits isn’t exactly sure how a person does that, we’re happy to provide some information about these mythological creatures. • The ancient Greek word draconta, meaning “to watch” is the source of our word “dragon.” This is thought to suggest that the dragon guards valuable items. • In mythology, dragons were viewed as powerful, destructive, and frightening, needing to be conquered and slain. Battles between heroes and dragons are symbolized as good overcoming evil. The ancient Greeks described them as huge flying serpents. In some myths, they have wings, while others don’t; some speak, some don’t. Their dwelling place varies from caves to under the ocean to inside mountains. • In the Bible’s Book of Job, the dragon is described as having a double coat of armor, with its back consisting of “rows of shields tightly sealed together.” Referred to as Leviathan, its mouth is “ringed about with fearsome teeth” and “its eyes are like the rays of dawn. Regarding its fire-breathing abilities, Job stated, “Its snorting throws out flashes of light, flames stream from its mouth, sparks of fire shoot out. Smoke pours from its nostrils…its breath sets coals ablaze, and flames dart from its mouth.” • Dragons in the Bible are frequently identified with Satan. Many scholars maintain that the firebreathing feature stems from representations of the mouth of Hell, with flames and smoke characteristic of Hades. Legends depict righteous saints defeating Satan in the form of a dragon.

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DRAGONS (continued):

• The legend of St. George the Dragon Slayer tells the story of the people of Selene, a city in Libya, plagued by a dragon that lived in a Answer: Dell. nearby lake. Every day, the townspeople would VERYtwo LARGE feed the Adragon sheepNUMBER to satisfy it. When •there Edward Kasner was a mathematician. were no more sheep, they hadInto1938 feed he was asked toto the come up with a name for a their children beast. The children were very large number: the numeral one, followed chosen by lottery, and one day the lot fell on the by a hundred zeros. He asked his two young King’s daughter. The King offered gold, silver, nephews what name they would suggest. and half of his kingdom to spare his daughter, •but Nine-year-old Milton suggested name the townspeople refused. As thea princess out of the funnies. A cartoon strip character stood the lake, for theMilton sacrifice, St. namedbyBarney was ready very popular. chose George happened to ride by. Protecting himself Barney’s last name for the number. with the sign of the cross, (symbolizing the tri• Kasner announced the new name for the big umph of in thehis church over the devil), charged number next book, altering thehespelling. with his lance, slaying the dragon. • Sixty years later, Larry Page and Sergey Brin • Not all cultures dragon as evil developed a newregard internetthe search engine. Otheror frightening. China and Japan dragons search engines searched eachpaint webpage andin them according to how many times a aranked positive light, as symbols of wisdom, happispecific term appeared on them, but Page and ness, fertility, and longevity, believed to bring Brin fortune designedand their searchStatues engine to search for good wealth. and carvings thecommonplace, specific term and findofout how many are andthen images dragons often links there were that led back to that page, embellish garments. which resulted in a better search engine. • •German legend has it that the blood of a dragon They decided they needed a name that has the power to make a person invincible reflected how many websites the searchif the skin or armor is bathed in it.took A Slavic myth engine was searching. They the name testifies that dragon so abominable that of Edward Kasner’sblood veryislarge number, only they misspelled it slightly, so itit ended being Mother Earth will not allow to be up absorbed spelled exactly and the the same wayremains the cartoon into the ground, blood above character Barney spelled his last name. What’s ground for all eternity. Another saga tells of the it called? (Answer bottomacidic of page) blood of the dragonathaving qualities that COMPUTER FACTS killed the hero who had just slain the dragon •when In 1981 said, “640 kb ofon memory the Bill bloodGates accidentally dripped him. ought to be enough for anybody.” • Children’s films have depicted dragons both as •frightful Moore’sand Lawfriendly. states that computer performance How to Train Your Dragdoubles every 18 to 24 months, and ever since on and Pete’s Dragon featured lovable dragons, 1971, this has been true. while Disney’s 1959 Sleeping Beauty proved to •beHP, Microsoft, and creatures. Apple were all oneGoogle, of the studio’s scariest started in garages. Answer: Google,for fromReading googol. Tidbits! Thanks

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Sports Answers 1. White Sox, 22 in 1947. 2. Boston, Chicago, Colorado, Dallas (2), Detroit (2), Rangers (2), & Pittsburgh

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