Tidbits Grand Forks - December 8, 2016 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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TIDBITS

Mrs.

DREAMS by Janet Spencer

Every 90 minutes during the night humans enter a period of dreaming, characterized by rapid eye movements (REM) and a distinct pattern on the electroencephalograph. About a quarter of the time spent asleep is spent dreaming. It is not only sleep that is necessary— it is dreaming. Those who are prevented from dreaming for research purposes lose their productivity and eventually may become psychotic. Come along with Tidbits as we explore our dreams!

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• During REM sleep the body is almost totally paralyzed. Only the diaphragm, intestines, heart, blood and eyes are not affected. • When sleeping volunteers were awakened Carpet Cleaning during REM sleep, they remembered their Services, Inc. dream 80% of the time. But when awakened Carpet Cleaning • Carpet during non-REM sleep, they recalled their Cleaning SPECIAL! dreams only 11% of the time. Upholstery $159 •Cleaning • When a stimulus was provided during the 5 Rooms, Hallway dream, it would often be worked into the dream. & 1 Stairway • Water Not valid with any other offer. Extraction In one study, a few drops of water were sprayed Expires 12-30-16 into the dreamer’s face. One subject had been dreaming he was acting in a play, when suddenly a hole opened up in the roof and the rain 701-775-8500 came through. About 40% of subjects reported Residential & Commercial dreaming about the spray of water. But only 23% incorporated a flash of light into their We Fix iPad dream, and 9% incorporated a bell tone.

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SWEET DREAMS (continued):

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Quiz Bits

5. Who dreams more: smokers or non-smokers? 6. How many human beings have walked on the moon? 7. What city bills itself as “The Sweetest Place on Earth”? 8. What year did the Bee Gees release “Stayin’ Alive”? 9. Which of the four band members of U2 was the founder of the band? TRIVIA SPONSORED BY:

1. Approximately how many individual dreams will the average adult have in a year? 2. On average, how many of those dreams will be a nightmare? 3. Who dreams more: young people or old people? 4. Who dreams more: men or women?

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• Five minutes after the end of the dream, 50% of the content is forgotten, and after ten minutes about 90% is forgotten. • Our brain waves are more active when we are dreaming than when we are awake. Blood flow to the brain increases during dreaming. • We usually spend more than two hours each night dreaming. We dream at least four to six times a night. • Babies in the womb dream. Babies born prematurely will spend 10% more time dreaming than full-term babies. • People never snore while they’re dreaming. People never sleepwalk when they’re dreaming. • It’s not uncommon for deaf people to use sign language in their sleep. • Those born blind experience dreams involving things such as emotion, sound, and smell rather than sight. They dream without experiencing rapid eye movement. • Chronic use of barbiturates or alcohol can lead to nightmares, especially after their use is discontinued. The same sleeping pills that people take to regulate their sleep can cause profoundly disturbed sleep. • The continuous brain recordings that led to the discovery of REM sleep were not done until 1953, partly because the scientists involved were concerned about wasting paper. The paper needed to do an EEG of just one night’s sleep was about half a mile long. Today the information is digitized so no paper is needed.

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• Nearly all mammals have true REM sleep. Dolphins and anteaters are the only mammals who do not have REM sleep. However, with dolphins, one half of the brain will show a typical sleep EEG, while the other half has a normal waking EEG. During the following sleep cycle, the brain halves will be reversed. ...continued

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ANIMAL DREAMS (continued)

• The opossum dreams more than man. A newborn kitten, puppy, rat, or hamster experiences only REM sleep, while a newborn guinea pig (which is much more developed at birth) has almost no REM sleep at all. Some birds and even fish have been shown to have the rapid eye movement characteristic of the state of dreaming. • In one experiment, monkeys were strapped into chairs in front of a video screen and taught that they must repeatedly press a bar in front of them whenever a certain image appeared on the screen. If they didn’t, they would receive a shock. After several days of intense training which included sleep deprivation, the monkeys were allowed to fall asleep, still strapped to the chair, while their sleep was monitored. Not long after entering the REM dream stage, the animals began rapidly pressing the bar in front of them as they dreamed about the video screen.

IT’S A FACT

• Vitamin B complex and St. John’s Wort have been shown to produce more vivid dreams.

DREAMING UP AN ANSWER

• Making lead shot for shotguns was difficult and time-consuming in the 1800s. Lead was rolled into sheets and the sheets were chopped into bits, or it was drawn into wire and cut into pieces. The resulting shot was expensive and of poor quality. James Watt, inventor of the first practical steam engine, had a recurring dream one week. In it, he seemed to be in a heavy rainstorm but instead of water drops, he was being pelted with tiny lead pellets that rolled around on the ground. Intrigued by the dream, Watt experimented by dropping molten lead from the top of a church tower into a water-filled moat. When he recovered the pellets he found that they were perfectly round. To this day, lead shot is made by the process Watt dreamed up. *Answer located further back in this issue.

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King Features Weekly Service

Every year, you are given a task. That task is a vote. While some would say the task is an easy one, you know better. For your Hall of Fame vote is all that stands between the chasm that divides the words “mediocre” and “legend.” Some envy you. You are the baseball writers of America. You possess a talent, an ability that can elevate the mundane to the miraculous. But others despise you. When their heroes are overlooked, when their favorite players whom they watched 162 days and nights each year are deemed to be second rate, it seems to be an arrogant dismissal of what they and most everyone values the most: their time. Time was when a relief pitcher was considered somebody who couldn’t cut the mustard and make the starting rotation. Of course, there also was a time when starting rotations consisted of two starters who had 30 complete games every few months and were allowed to openly spit on the baseballs. Those days are over, thankfully, and it’s time for us to evolve further by appreciating the closer role in baseball. Many of you argue that the closer is a cop-out, a ploy managers use to save their skin more than they save games. After all, there’s not much to think about when you’re in the lead by one to three runs in the ninth and you have a multi-zillion dollar pitcher anxiously awaiting your call to the bullpen. Maybe the modern-day

• Elias Howe was trying to invent a sewing machine, but he was having a major problem. He couldn’t figure out where to locate the eye of the needle. The eye of the needle is always located in the end of the needle furthest from the point, but all his designs failed to work properly. He was at wits end and rapidly running out of money when he fell asleep one night and had a strange dream. In the dream he was being led to his execution. The king had ordered him killed because he could not design a sewing machine. He was surrounded by guards who were all armed with spears that were pierced at the head. When Howe awoke, he realized this was the solution to the problem. In short order he had invented a sewing machine whose needle had the eye at the head, now the universal design.

December 5, 2016

Closing Time

closer deserves some scorn. Statistics show that teams with a lead in the ninth inning almost always win, anyway. People really into statistics have concluded that a top-shelf reliever maybe wins an additional four games for a team. Aha! Right there, that should make the case. They’re worth it because a win is a win. Many a team has lost the division by four games. But there’s more to it than that. Do not mistake brevity for lack of worth. Yes, good starting pitchers eat up more than 200 innings each season, but why should that influence your vote for a closer? Let’s say you’re a season-ticket holder. You get to see your best starter maybe 15 times each year. Your closer? You see him whenever you’re about to win — they’re the ones who kept you in the seats, which not only justifies their salary (a team can’t make money off of concessions when you’re gone, after all), it justifies their importance. Trevor Hoffman and Lee Smith, closers unfairly subjected to this closer discrimination, would appear in 70-80 games a season. They were like a warm, 98-mph hug. Think of it like your wife or husband, kids or partner, best mate, what have you. Would you rather see them 15 times a year for two hours a pop, or would you rather see them in 80 electrifying, 20-minute appearances over an extended period of time (five extra years if you’re a lefty)? You already know the answer, and that’s why you know it’s time to open up the gates of the Hall for the overlooked men who spent their career awaiting a call, closing the door on their opponents. Make the call to the pen ... your pen. The closer’s time has come. Mark Vasto is a veteran sportswriter who lives in New Jersey.

DREAMING UP AN ANSWER

• Robert Louis Stevenson wrote a story called “The Traveling Companion” and sent it to an editor. The editor rejected the story saying, “This is an ingenious piece of work but your plot is weak.” Stevenson was at a loss to figure out how to improve the tale. Then one night he reread the story before falling asleep. In a dream he had that night, he saw his story being acted out, with a different plot twist. When he awoke, he wrote down the details of the dream and then re-worked the story. The result was “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.” • Rudyard Kipling once had a dream in which he saw himself at a formal function in a big hall with rough stone flooring. There was a crowd of people around him and his view was obstructed by a fat man in front of him. A man touched him on the sleeve and said, “May I have a word with you?” Then he awoke. It was six weeks later when this dream was fulfilled down to the last detail when Kipling attended an official gathering. Although the man who wanted to speak to him had nothing consequential to say, Kipling was amazed at the fulfillment of the dream.

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• It was noted American playwright and essayist Arthur Miller who gave the following sage advice: "Don't be seduced into thinking that that which does not make a profit is without value." • In the early 20th century, celebrated racehorse Man o' War won 20 of his 21 career races. Interestingly, his one loss (often attributed to a terrible start and the extra weight he was carrying) was to a horse named Upset. • Statistically speaking, you probably live within 320 miles of the place you were born. • Have you ever experienced a social situation in which you have to introduce someone, but you can't quite remember their name? In Scotland, there's a word to describe the hesitation caused by that moment of panic: a tartle. • According to a poll conducted by outdoor recreation retailer Gander Mountain, almost half of all hunters have some kind of ritual they observe to increase their chances for a lucky hunt. Some hunters go the entire season without shaving, some start each hunt at a particular time, some kiss the first bullet, some do an "anti-rain" dance -- the variations are endless. • Getting married soon, but working with a tight budget? If you're considering cutbacks, you might not want to put the honeymoon on the chopping block. Researchers have found that couples who go on a honeymoon tend to have longer-lasting marriages than those who skip the trip -- no matter how much or how little you spend. *** Thought for the Day: "If I seem to take part in politics, it is only because politics encircles us today like the coil of a snake from which one cannot get out, no matter how much one tries. I wish therefore to wrestle with the snake." -Mahatma Gandhi

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Weekly SUDOKU

• The skin on the back of a cat’s neck is five times thicker than it is on their hind feet. • Dolphins don’t have waterproof skin. Instead, it is actually waterlogged, cutting down on friction as the dolphin swims. • In the 1700s, trappers could get 50 cents for a doe skin, but a dollar for a buck skin. That’s why a dollar is now called a “buck.” • Ernest Ebbitson of England spent 30 years trying to breed a frog with transparent skin in order to avoid the destruction of so many frogs that are dissected each year in biology classes. • When First Lady Jackie Kennedy wore a Somali leopard skin coat in 1962, the price of leopard coats tripled from $6,000 to $18,000 and five years later Somali leopards were declared an endangered species. • Earthworms have no lungs. They breathe through their skin. • The skin of a shark is not covered with scales, but with denticles, which are akin to tiny teeth. A shark can do much damage just by brushing against a human. Leather made from the skin of a tiger shark has up to 10 times the tensile strength of ox hide. • The fur of a polar bear is actually transparent, which reflects light and appears white in the same way that snow is clear but looks white. The skin of a polar bear is pure black in order to absorb heat from the sun which is transferred by the clear fur. • Pig skin has no sweat glands. To keep cool, pigs prefer a dip in cool, clean water. If that is not available, mud will do. Mud also protects them from lice and other parasites. Pigs prefer clean pens, and will always relieve themselves in the corner furthest from where they sleep. • A cow has sweat glands only in the nose.

• So what happens when you pour salt on a slug? In simple terms, salt over-stimulates the slug’s skin glands, causing them to involuntarily secret large amounts of their bodily fluids, often to lethal extents. Salt causes them to basically sweat to death. The active ingredient in most commercial slug poisons is metaldehyde, which has the same effect on slugs as salt. Metaldehyde will last through rain storms without dissolving. • Before the advent of firearms, natives of South America were well known for hunting with poisoned arrows. The toxin was obtained from the skin of a number of brightly colored frogs commonly known as dart frogs. The most notable species is the one named Phyllobates terribilis. The poison manufactured by this frog makes “strychnine look like table salt,” according to one researcher. When the frog is under stress, it secretes an oily white poison from glands in its skin. By tormenting a single frog, hunters could collect enough poison to dip about 50 arrows. The poison would remain deadly for about 6 months. • Found only in Central and South America, dart frogs are one of the most poisonous animals known to man. Just one frog can produce enough poison to kill 20,000 mice. It takes just .006 of an ounce to kill a grown man. A single golden dart-poison frog contains enough poison to kill 2,200 people. There is still no known antidote. Scientists are studying the substance, hoping to discover clues to cystic fibrosis and other neurological diseases. Extracts may one day prove useful as heart stimulants or anesthetics. One hurdle standing in the way of research is the fact that dart frogs caught in the wild and held in captivity gradually lose their toxicity because they are not eating the insects (such as ants) from which they gather alkaloids that they transform into poison.

Answer

ANIMAL SKIN

King CROSSWORD

Amazing Animals:

Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks

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• When crumbs gather in the cracks of your keyboard, turn it upside down and give it a good shake to remove most. Then, use the sticky side of a Post-it note dragged between the keys to clean out the rest. • “Save large platters that come with holiday trays to use when bringing cookies or baked goods to other parties. That way you don’t have to bring home a platter, you can just leave it and pass it on.” — E.G. in Kansas • “Schedule haircuts and nail appointments to coincide with holiday parties. Then you won’t have to worry about doing your hair. It will still look nice from your beautician appointment.” — A.I. in Indiana • “I find that the best conversation starter when visiting a large group of family or friends is a box or basket of photos. It is inexpensive to print copies, and I have all my old photos scanned anyway. Bringing them in a basket rather than in an album works because we pass them around, and people can take photos home with them. Sometimes, a picture will inspire a story, and I might write it down on the back of the photo to remember it and tuck it away. It’s more than worth the $10-$15 it costs to print pictures.” — L.W. in Virginia • Try substituting cream cheese for sour cream in your mashed potatoes for a dreamy, creamy alternative. Whip in with a mixer and enjoy. • Write return addresses on the back of holiday cards before disposing of the envelope. They can be tucked away for next year’s holiday cards list. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803. © 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

(Answers located after next page)

s h s l

s t n s

King Features Weekly Service

November 28, 2016

t e

Getting a Handle on Holiday Depression

• On Dec. 13, 1621, the first American fur exports leave for England aboard the Fortune, only to be stolen by the French. The colonists later traded with Native Americans, exchanging corn for beaver skins, which were in turn sold in England. • On Dec. 18, 1777, the new United States celebrates its first national day of thanksgiving, commemorating the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga after the surrender of 5,000 British troops. • On Dec. 14, 1799, the first U.S. president, George Washington, dies at his Mount Vernon estate in Virginia. Two days earlier, he'd ridden out into freezing sleet and later refused to change out of his wet clothes. The next day he developed a severe respiratory infection. • On Dec. 16, 1811, near New Madrid, Missouri, an estimated 8.6 magnitude earthquake slams the region, raising and lowering parts of the Mississippi Valley by as much as 15 feet. The quake temporarily reversed the direction of the Mississippi River, giving rise to Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee. • On Dec. 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first successful flight in history of a self-propelled, heavier-than-air aircraft. It stayed aloft for 12 seconds and covered 120 feet. • On Dec. 12, 1989, Leona Helmsley, nicknamed the "Queen of Mean" by the press, receives a four-year prison sentence, 750 hours of community service and a $7.1 million tax-fraud fine in New York. Helmsley had once quipped that "only the little people pay taxes." • On Dec. 15, 1998, after nearly 14 hours of debate, the House of Representatives approves two articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton. The charges of lying under oath and obstructing justice stemmed from testimony about his affair with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky. The Senate later acquitted him of both charges. © 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

The holidays can be stressful for anyone, but for people with depression, the time between Thanksgiving and New Year's can destabilize and sometimes debilitate. Stress-related events, such as the holidays, may trigger half of all depressive episodes. The good news is that knowing how to avoid common triggers can prevent an episode from occurring. "A relapse-prevention plan is key," said Dr. John Langlow, M.D., medical director of New Directions Behavioral Health. "You can do a lot to lower the risk of relapse if you plan ahead." Here are some tips to help prevent depression during the holiday season: 1. Know your limits Delegate what you can't handle. Hosting parties, attending events and buying presents can overload nerves. It's OK to ask for help or forgo a festivity. 2. Stay connected If you don't feel well, you might be tempted to isolate yourself. Being alone can make you feel worse. Socializing raises the oxytocin levels in your brain, which improves your mood. 3. Remember your meds Schedules often go out the window during the holiday season, so it's easy to forget to take your medication. Ask a friend or family member, or set up an electronic alert to remind you when it's time to take your medication. 4. Reduce or skip the holiday toasts Drink too much and your medication stops working. Downing more than two drinks a day can prevent your meds from helping you. 5. Get out in nature Fresh air, sunshine and exercise are nature's medication. Serotonin and dopamine are chemicals produced in the brain that improve mood and protect against mental health disorders. Exposure to sunlight boosts serotonin, and exercise stimulates your dopamine release. Lace up your sneakers, head outdoors and watch your mood soar. 6. Program your speed dial Talking to someone you trust is key to taming holiday stress. Whether it's your therapist, best friend or loving family member, reach out during the holidays. A calming, confident voice is your biggest ally when you feel yourself unraveling. © 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

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• Half the population of the U.S. suffers from insomnia at some point. Insomnia is almost twice as common in women as it is in men. • When deprived of sleep, senses diminish, reactions slow, motor speed decreases, and the memory fails. The body temperature drops, and hallucinations and/or psychosis and paranoia may result if sleeplessness is continued. The body will be completely restored to normal after a period of sleep. • In sleep-deprived people, it is most difficult for them to stay awake between the hours of 3:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. • In a sleep lab, volunteers who got eight hours of sound sleep were tested for reaction time on a number of different tasks. The following night they were shorted on their sleep. When the tests were repeated, it was not surprising that their marks fell as their reaction time increased. Following a normal 8-hour sleep, reaction times returned to normal. The following night, they were allowed to sleep more than 8 hours. Researchers were surprised to see that their reaction time decreased after over-sleeping just as it had when they under-slept. • In a sleep deprivation study, subjects were asked to sit in front of a computer screen and press a button each time the letter X appeared. At the beginning of the experiment, the subjects performed flawlessly. But after two nights without sleep, only one in four Xs were noted, and the button was often pressed for the wrong letters. This is due to microsleep sessions, in which the body falls asleep for mere seconds. • Sleep-deprived subjects can perform almost any test perfectly is it’s a brief test. However, severe impairment occurs if tests are sustained, repetitive tasks. ...continued

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• The accident rate in industry for night workers is almost twice the rate for those who work only in the day. Answer: Dell. • Shift workers areLARGE 2 to 5 times more likely to A VERY NUMBER fall asleep on the job than employees with reg• Edward Kasner was a mathematician. In 1938 ular, daytime he was askedhours. to come up with a name for a • Lab subjected a six hour shift veryanimals large number: thetonumeral one,phase followed a hundred zeros.cycle He asked two (which young ofbytheir light/dark everyhis week nephews what theyshift would suggest. corresponds to aname rotating system) showed 20% reduction of life expectancy. •a Nine-year-old Milton suggested a name out of the funnies. A cartoon strip character • A survey conducted by the Department of named Barney was very popular. Transportation revealed that 10%Milton of all chose traffic Barney’s last name for the number. accidents may be sleep-related, and as many as •20% Kasner announced the drifted new name forsleep the big of all drivers have off to benumber in his next book, altering the spelling. hind the wheel at some point. • Sixty sleepy years later, Larry anddrunk. SergeyIfBrin • Being is just likePage being you developed a new internet search engine. Other lose 2 hours of sleep, you can impair your persearch engines searched each webpage and formance equal to a .05toblood-alcohol level. ranked them according how many times a After five nights of partial sleep deprivation, specific term appeared on them, but Page and three will have the same on your Brin drinks designed their search engineeffect to search for body as six would when you’ve slept enough. the specific term and then find out how many linksNational there were that led backSafety to thatAdminpage, • The Highway Traffic which resulted in a better search engine. istration reported that being tired accounts for •the They decided they needed a name that highest number of fatal single-car run-offreflected how many websites the search the-road crashes— even more than alcohol. engine was searching. They took the name • Each year, sleep-related accidents of Edward Kasner’s veryerrors large and number, only cost U.S. businesses an estimated $56 billion, they misspelled it slightly, so it ended up being cause nearly 25,000 and result in 2.5 spelled exactly the deaths, same way the cartoon million disabling character Barneyinjuries. spelled his last name. What’s it called? (Answer page) without • The record for theat bottom longestofperiod COMPUTER sleep was set by MaureenFACTS Weston who stayed forBill 18 days, hours, dur•awake In 1981 Gates 21 said, “64040kbminutes of memory ing a rocking chair marathon. She reported halought to be enough for anybody.” paranoia, vision, slurred •lucinations, Moore’s Law states thatblurred computer performance speech, memory problems, and concentration doubles every 18 to 24 months, and ever since lapses, but made a full 1971, this has been true.recovery after the contest ended. “The Guinness Book of Records” • HP, Google, Microsoft, and Apple were all stopped awarding started in garages. records in this category to discourage people from engaging in dangerous Answer: Google, from googol. behavior.

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