ISSUE 840 NW by Falcon Prince, Inc.

Imagine That Wind Energy and Birds All human activity affects natural surroundings, and renewable energy is not without environmental impacts. These impacts are only meaningful in comparison to the alternatives. The threat of wind turbines to birds and other wildlife is very small when compared to impacts of traditional energy sources. Leading studies find wind energy has a tiny impact on birds. Only .01% of human caused bird fatalities can be attributed to windpower..

Why wind and power depends on petroleum and natural gas

You need a good breeze, of course, but there’s

wind farms in the US

something else that’s essential, something that you might not associate with wind power. And that something, would be oil or natural gas. Yep. Wind power depends on the hydrocarbon. That’s because inside those turbines are gears, axles, a generator – all sorts of moving, turning parts – and moving parts need lubrication – and lubrication means oil. Which shouldn’t be surprising. Petroleum products are in all sorts of other products, including other sources of energy. And those moving parts? The windmill blades have been getting longer and longer, which is good for the work of catching the wind – but the only way to make blades like that, is through carbon-reinforced resins made from petrochemicals. Wind power in the U.S. produces about 5.5% percent of our electricity these days, so long as you’ve also got the oil to keep those turbines lubricated and running (and to make those windcatching blades). The Worlds Largest on Shore Wind Turbines

The GE 4.8-158 turbine’s rotor diameter is more than one-and-a-half American football fields. Each blade is as long as the entire wingspan of a Boeing 747 and would take the average human two minutes to walk end to end.

They Call the Wind Mariah

Southwest Minnesota, has become known for its efforts to generate clean, renewable energy from the wind. The wind towers stand hundreds of feet tall and generate energy on a virtually nonstop basis. This energy is supplied to various electricity providers from all across the nation. Why build wind farms here? This area of Minnesota, called Buffalo Ridge or Coteau de Prairie, is a glacier-deposited ridge that runs diagonally across the state. Because of its higher elevation of 1950 feet, the area experiences continual wind speeds of 18 mph. This and the plentiful open farm and pasture land make it an ideal place for wind turbines. How big are the turbines? To the hub, the turbines are 229 ft. tall with 136 foot blades, meaning the height from the base to the tip of the blade is 365 ft. The bases of the turbines are 11-16 feet in diameter and the foundations, which run 30 ft. into the ground, are 15.6 ft. across. Each wind turbine weighs roughly 1450 tons. How do they work? Wind Turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a generator to create electricity. How fast do the blades turn? At the optimum wind speed of 25-35 mph, the blades will rotate at 14 rpm. That gives them a speed of 105 mph at the tip. How much electricity do they produce? Each turbine produces about 2,000,000 kilowatt hours (kwh) per year, enough energy to power as many as 500 typical homes at 12,000 kwh per year. How strong do the winds have to blow for the blades to rotate? Wind turbines start operating at wind speeds of around 8 mph and reach a maximum power output at around 33 mph. When there is not enough wind to turn the blades, or when there is too much wind, the turbines shut down. How much do wind turbines cost? It costs over $2.5 million to set up a 1650 KW turbine. How many turbines are there in Minnesota? There are somewhere between 1000 and 1200 wind turbines in Minnesota, with over 200 in Pipestone County alone. Who owns the land the turbines are on? Much of the land is leased from local farmers. Each unit takes up roughly 1/3 of an acre for the equipment and access road. The farmer receives a percentage of the revenue from the sale of the electricity from each turbine. Why just 2 or three blades? The conventional answer to this question is that three blades minimizes the shadow effect that each leading blade has on the blade that follows. You want more blades to reduce the starting torque required to get your turbine spinning (this is analogous to having more cylinders in an engine making it run smoother) but, if you have too many blades, the shadow effect hurts efficiency and drops the total yield. Three blades peak at about 48 percent efficient, which isn’t 59.3 percent (Albert Betz of Germany creeated Betz’s Law,which states that no turbine can capture more than 16/27ths or 59.3 percent of the wind energy passing through the turbine disk). 48% is near enough and happens to be the practical output, so it must be right, right? Put another way, Rotor power (= 2π M n) is proportional to the torque M acting on the shaft and the rotation frequency n. The tip speed ratio λ = vu / v1 from the ratio of tip speed vu of the rotor and the wind speed v1. Optimal tip speed ratio is 7-8 for the three-bladed rotors where they achieve a cp value of 48 percent. Four blade turbines have higher torque but lower tip speed ratios. Turbines with two blades have even higher tip speed ratios but lower torque. In the end, three-blade turbines command the sweet spot and so that’s what are mostly built.

This Tidbits® is published by Falcon Prince Inc., a Minnesota Corporation, under licensing agreement with Tidbits® Media Inc., Montgomery, AL www.tidbitsmedia.com Tidbits® or the North Metro: Email: dean@realbits.com ● www.tidbitstwincities.com ● Phone: 763-218-0033

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▲ On May 5, 1821, Napoleon Bonaparte, the French military leader who once ruled an empire that stretched across Europe, dies as a British prisoner on the remote island of Saint Helena in the southern Atlantic Ocean. His body was returned to Paris in 1840. ▲ On May 4, 1886, a peaceful labor protest in Haymarket Square in Chicago turns into a riot, leaving more than 100 wounded and eight police officers dead. Seven of the eight fatalities and the most of injuries were caused by shots fired by fellow officers. ▲ On May 2, 1933, the modern legend of Scotland’s Loch Ness Monster is born when a newspaper reports a couple’s sighting of “an enormous animal rolling and plunging on the surface” of the

lake. The “monster” became a media 939th base to break Lou Brock’s career phenomenon, and a circus offered a huge record. Henderson would steal a 1,406 reward for the beast’s capture. bases in his major league career, almost 500 more than the next closest player. ▲ On April 30, 1945, holed up in a bunker under his headquarters in ▲ On May 10, 1877, President Berlin, Adolf Hitler commits suicide Rutherford B. Hayes has the White by swallowing a cyanide capsule and House’s first telephone installed, shooting himself in the head. Soon after, although he rarely received phone Germany unconditionally surrendered, calls. In fact, the Treasury Department ending Hitler’s dreams of a “1,000-year” possessed the only other direct phone Reich. line to the White House at that time. The White House phone number was “1.” ▲ On May 3, 1951, the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations ▲ On May 9, 1926, according to their committees begin hearings into the claims, American polar explorer Richard dismissal of Gen. Douglas MacArthur by E. Byrd and pilot Floyd Bennett fly over President Harry Truman. The American the North Pole in a triple-engine Fokker public liked MacArthur’s tough stance monoplane. However, the discovery on communism, and he returned home in 1996 of Byrd’s diary suggests they to a hero’s welcome. may have turned back short of the pole because of an oil leak. ▲ On May 1, 1991, Oakland Athletics outfielder Rickey Henderson steals his ▲ On May 6, 1954, in Oxford, England,

25-year-old medical student Roger Bannister cracks track and field’s most notorious barrier: the four-minute mile. Bannister won the mile race with a time of 3:59.4. ▲ On May 8, 1973, in South Dakota, armed members of the American Indian Movement surrender to federal authorities, ending their 71-day siege of Wounded Knee, site of the infamous massacre of 300 Sioux by the U.S. 7th Cavalry in 1890. ▲ On May 11, 1988, Kim Philby, a former British intelligence officer and double agent for the Soviet Union, dies in Moscow. Philby was perhaps the most famous of a group of British government officials who spied for Russia from the 1930s to the 1950s. (c) 2019 Hearst Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved

ALOPECIA AREATA ARE YOU AN ADULT AGED 18 TO 65 AFFECTED WITH BALD PATCHES ON YOUR SCALP? YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE FOR A RESEARCH STUDY. THE MINNESOTA CLINICAL STUDY CENTER IS LOOKING FOR VOLUNTEERS TO PARTICIPATE IN A RESEARCH STUDY THAT WILL USE AN INVESTIGATIONAL ORAL TREATMENT FOR ALOPECIA AREATA. IF YOU WOULD LIKE MORE INFORMATION ABOUT HOW YOU CAN PARTICIPATE IN THIS RESEARCH STUDY

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Minnesota Clinical Study Center 7205 University Avenue Fridley, MN 55432 BLOOD TRANSFUSION (Continued) • A red blood cell is shaped like a flattened donut without the hole. A protein inside the red blood cell called hemoglobin collects oxygen in the lungs, delivers it to the body’s cells, and then carries carbon dioxide away, to be exhaled through the lungs. But there are different types of red blood cells, determined by different types of proteins that adhere to the outer surface of the flattened donut, like different types of sprinkles: Type A blood has a certain kind of proteins that stick to the outside of the red blood cells, and Type B blood has a different kind of proteins sticking to the cells. If a person with Type A blood receives Type B blood in a transfusion, or vice-versa, it triggers an immune response. • Landsteiner thought Type C blood had a third kind of protein sticking to the red blood cells, but later found it has no proteins sticking to it at all—it’s a flattened donut without any sprinkles. Then he found a fourth kind of blood, which had both Type A protein and Type B protein adhering to it. He called this Type AB

Page 2

blood. Landsteiner realized he needed to re-name his Type C blood in order to indicate that this type of blood has no proteins sticking to it at all. He re-named it Type O. • Since Type O blood has no proteins, it can be given to people of all blood types without triggering an immune response, since it’s the proteins that act as the allergen. Type O blood is called the “universal donor.” People with Type AB blood do not suffer ill effects when they receive Type A blood, or Type B blood, or Type O blood, and they are known as “universal receivers.” • Landsteiner was studying the blood of rhesus monkeys when he found that some of them had another type of protein adhering to their red blood cells, while others did not. He then found that humans also either did, or did not, have that identical protein. He called this new protein “the Rh factor” after “rhesus.” • People who are Rh positive cannot receive blood from donors who have Rh negative blood, and the other way around as well. In fact, women who were Rh negative often had trouble when they were pregnant with Rh positive babies until it was discovered that an injection of a blood product called Rh immune globulin would prevent problems. The discovery of the Rh factor brought the number of blood

types to eight. • The most common blood type in humans is O-positive (37.4%) and the rarest blood type is AB-negative (0.6%). • Landsteiner also discovered that he could find out a person’s blood type from a single drop of dried blood, laying the groundwork for forensic science. Later it was found that blood types are inherited from parents in predictable patterns, leading to the ability to find out who the father of a child was likely to be. Landsteiner won the Nobel Prize for his work. • Dr. Reuben Ottenberg at Mount Sinai Hospital discovered how to easily cross match a patient’s blood type to the blood type of the blood donor. Blood typing became common in the 1920s. • Why are there four different blood types? It’s because of genetic mutation and evolution. Type A blood is the most ancient, and all humanoids had Type A blood as the species began to evolve. Around 3.5 million years ago, Type B blood was a genetic mutation, followed a million years later by Type O. The reason these mutations flourished and were passed down through successive generations has to do with disease resistance. • Cells infected with malaria don’t stick well to Type O red blood cells, so people who have Type O blood are less

affected by malaria and have better odds of surviving in order to pass on their blood type to their children. Similarly, people with Type AB blood are more resistant to cholera. Gradually entire populations where cholera was common began to have largely Type AB blood, while people who lived in malaria-prone areas had mainly Type O blood. FURTHER ADVANCES • The advent of World War II prompted the invention of blood banks. Doctors in Russia pioneered the practice of shipping stored blood to the battle front so that blood would be taken to the wounded soldier instead of the wounded soldier being taken to the hospital in order to receive blood. • Plasma is the amber liquid component of blood that transports red blood cells. Plasma can be easily freeze-dried, shipped long distances, stored for long periods at room temperature, and reconstituted with sterile water. Plasma can be transfused into any human regardless of their blood type. Red blood cells must be handled gently and kept either refrigerated or frozen. Therefore plasma is commonly used for transfusions involving cases of trauma, hemophilia, and burns, while whole blood is transfused only in cases of excessive blood loss.

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coming in from the new investors. Meanwhile he bought himself mansions, cars, and other luxuries of the high life. Then 9 Days - 8 Nights Deluxe Motor Coach Tour he bought a pasta Grand Ole Opry Country Hall of Fame company and a wine Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline and George Jones Museums company, Gatlinburg Loretta Lynn’s Plantation Home Tour hoping to turn enough Dollywood Dolly’s Stampede Dinner Show of a profit to Ryman Auditorium Smokey Mountains get him out of the hole he Ark Encounter and much more was digging . Only $1365 per person dbl-occupancy 16 meals included for himself. • Bus pick-ups Cokato, St. Cloud, Elk River, and the Twin Cities When a Free Brochure Call: 320-200-4045 or visit www.americanatrips.com Boston financial writer wrote an article stating that Ponzi’s scheme was his own money in his own company. Ponzi was ruined. He surrendered to impossible, Ponzi sued for libel and won Somebody else calculated that in order federal authorities. Five other banks were ruined a $500,000 settlement, squashing further to pay off all of his investors, Ponzi • because of Ponzi’s scheme. Investors would have to monetize approximately attempts to expose him. When another newspaper wrote a favorable article about 160 million IRCs, when there were only received about 30 cents on the dollar. All Ponzi’s ability to guarantee a 50% return 27,000 in circulation. The District Attorney in all, about $20 million was lost, worth on investment after only 45 days, the ordered an audit. A newspaper article over $225 million today. Charles Ponzi article appeared next to a local bank’s ad revealed that whereas Ponzi claimed he spent less than four years in prison on promising a 5% return annually. Crowds was $7 in the black, he was actually $7 federal charges, after which he was retried on state charges and spent another 7 of people thronged to Ponzi’s office to million in the red. • There was a run on Ponzi’s years behind bars. He was deported upon invest. • Still, suspicious investigative company. The Bank Commissioner his release in 1934, and died in poverty in reporters and state officials started looking immediately seized the Hanover Trust Brazil in 1949 at the age of 66. Today any into the matter. One of those investigators Bank, squashing Ponzi’s last-ditch efforts such impossible financial scheme is called revealed that Ponzi was not investing to cover all his debt using bank funds. a Ponzi scheme.

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CHARLES PONZI by: Janet Spencer

• In 1906, the Universal Postal Union invented the International Reply Coupon, or IRC. This allowed someone in one country to pay for return postage from a different country, regardless of the difference in prices in postage. If it cost 3 cents to send a first class letter in Italy, but the U.S. charged 5 cents to return an identical letter to Italy, the IRC covered the cost. • In 1919, Charles Ponzi decided this would be a good way to turn a profit: buy IRCs low, sell high. Explaining this to friends, he received small investments, and doubled those investments in 90 days. Word spread. • In 1920, Ponzi set up his own company and sold stock. Within the first months, 18 people invested $1800 and he paid them their dividends the following month, without mentioning that they were being paid from the monies of the next group of investors. A frenzy began. In March of 1920, his investments had risen to $25,000. By the end of July, he was taking in over a million dollars a day, worth over $12.5 million in today’s dollars. He deposited the money in Hanover Trust Bank of Boston, and then bought controlling interest in the bank. People mortgaged their homes in order to invest in his company. • During all of this, Charles Ponzi still had not figured out a way to actually monetize the International Reply Coupons in order to turn a profit. He continued to pay the old investors out of the funds

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(24%) during that same period. They coordinated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for flu stats, and concentrated on four specific communities in Maryland, North Carolina, Mississippi and Minnesota. While a correlation between the flu and heart failure has long been suspected, this large study nails it with real numbers. If you’re already a heart patient, don’t depend on the doctors to send you a note about getting your flu shot. Get one. If you’re otherwise healthy, take responsibility for getting your shot, and make sure others around you get it too, especially children. You can find the shots everywhere, including the local pharmacy and chain grocery stores. While the 2018-2019 flu season is nearly over, get started early for the next round by paging through your calendar to September and October and making a note to get a flu shot then. Consider this: As of March, there were 30,000 flu-related deaths and 300,000 flu-related hospitalizations.

Some of us just don’t want to get a flu shot every year. It’s too much trouble to get an appointment, or we just don’t like needles -- or maybe we figure that we’ll just tough it out for a week if we do get the flu. After all, it’s not going to kill us, right? A researcher at the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Minneapolis has come up with a strong reason to get an annual flu shot: You could have a heart attack if you don’t. After studying 450,000 medical records of four flu seasons, the VA researcher and his colleagues concluded that while the number of flu cases might go up only slightly (c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc. (5%) in a given month, the number of heart-related problems soars

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BED BUGS by: Kathy Wolfe Who knew there was a special week set aside for those pesky insects known as bed bugs? April 21 – 27 has been set aside to heighten awareness, so Tidbits says, “Good night, sleep tight, don’t let the bed bugs bite” with these fascinating facts. • The size of a bed bug, known as “cimex lectularious,” ranges between 1 mm and 7 mm. They are flat, round, reddish-brown creatures that feed exclusively on blood, usually dining at night. • It’s a common misconception that bed bug infestation is due to a lack of personal hygiene. The bugs find their way into dark locations, such as mattress seams, cracks in the wall, behind electrical switch plates, in picture frames, and behind wallpaper. • Bed bugs can’t fly or jump and can only move by crawling, and can crawl more than 100 feet (30 m) in a single night. They find their way into homes through clothing, luggage, furniture, or bedding, and a clean home has just as much of a chance to have bed bugs as a dirty one. Even the top luxury hotels can have bed bugs. Homeless shelters, dormitories, movie theaters, and hotels are more susceptible, not because of cleanliness, but because of the larger amount of humans. The insects are attracted to a host mainly by carbon dioxide, followed by warmth, so more people mean more of both those factors. The bed bug population is three times higher in urban areas over rural locations. One extermination expert estimates that 5% of all hotel rooms have bed bugs • The optimal temperature for bed bugs is between 70 and 80 degrees F (21 to 26 C). • Bed bugs are especially attracted to a sleeping person’s face, neck, and arms. The bug feeds for about 5 to 10 minutes, then moves to a dark, secluded place for 5 to 10 days, during which time, they digest the blood, mate, or lay eggs. The female can lay 1 to 5 eggs a day, about 200 to 500 during her lifetime. Depending on temperature, a bed bug can survive more than 100 days without nourishment. • The bite of a bed bug is relatively painless, and you might not even realize you’ve been bitten at the time. This is because the bug’s saliva contains an anesthetic substance that increases blood flow at the site of the bite. Folks can wake up the following morning to a skin rash, blisters, itchiness, fatigue, or fever, depending on the body’s reaction to the bite. Although it’s highly annoying, bed bugs are not known to transmit any infectious diseases. • To avoid bringing these pests into your home, while traveling, put your suitcase on a raised rack to hinder the bugs from crawling in. Putting the suitcase in the tub is another option. Hotel guests shouldn’t leave clothes on the floor. • Vacuuming your home mattress once a month is recommended by exterminators. • The best way to get rid of bed bugs is through heat. The insects can’t survive at temperatures above 122 degrees F (50 C), so the use of a steamer, which can reach well above 230 degrees F (110 C) can kill all life stages in a mattress.

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The Rider:

GOLF MINNESOTA

After they went into the locker room, another golfer who had heard the old guys talking about their game went to the pro and said, "I've been playing golf for a long time and thought I knew all the terminology of the game, but what's a rider? The pro said, "A rider is when you hit the ball far enough to actually get in the golf cart and ride to it."

From the Publisher: The Montana State Department of Fish and Wildlife is advising golfers to take extra precautions, and be on the alert for bears while playing on Gallatin, Helena, and Lewis and Clark National Forest’s golf courses. They advise golfers to wear noise-producing devices such as little bells on their clothing to alert, but not to startle the bears unexpectedly. They also advise golfers to carry pepper spray in the case of an encounter with a bear. They say that it’s also a good idea to watch for signs of bear activity on the courses. They recommend that golfers be educated so that they can recognize the difference between Black bear and Grizzly bear droppings. Black bear droppings are smaller and contain remains of nuts, berries and possibly squirrel, rabbit or gopher fur. Grizzly bear droppings have small bells, golfgloves, sunglasses and other similar golf items in them and they usually smell like pepper spray.

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HELP IN DECIDING WHERE TO RETIRE If you plan to move when you retire, where will you go? What is important to you, and how will you decide? U.S. News & World Report, working with Aetna, has released a report about the healthiest communities in the country. While all of the 81 characteristics they compared aren’t about health, they do affect quality of life. Their ranking calculated the scores on 3,000 counties across the country, broken down into 10 categories: population health, equity, education, economy, housing, food and nutrition, environment, public safety, community vitality and infrastructure.

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To see the rankings, go online to www.usnews.com/news/healthiestcommunities/rankings. Scroll down the page and you’ll see the list of the top 500 counties and how they ranked in each of the categories. On the first page, however, you can specify the county name or ZIP code of an area you’re interested in. After you click, you’ll see the rankings for your selected area, with individual category scores, as well as a state and U.S. average. Scroll down for the details of each one. You’ll find everything from the smoking rate to voter participation, the poverty rate, changes in housing values, crime rates -- information on all 81 metrics. Be sure to click or mouseover everything because there’s more to it than appears. At the very bottom of the page you’ll find sliders for each of the 10 categories where you can shop for your ideal retirement location. Customize your preferences by moving the sliders, and a list of your best communities will appear on the right of the screen. Even if you’re not ready to decide about a move right now, this report will get you thinking about what’s important to you about where you live. All in all, this report is very well done and comprehensive in the amount of information it provides. (c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

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● What’s in a name? Well, a great deal, it would seem -- at least according to those trying to make it big in Hollywood. Joan Crawford was born Lucille La Sueur, Roy Rogers was Leonard Slye and Dean Martin was Dino Crocetti. Issur Danielovitch (wisely) changed his name to Kirk Douglas, and Archibald Leach decided he preferred to become famous as Cary Grant.

● Nobel Prize-winning Russian author Boris Pasternak wrote the novel “Doctor Zhivago” (later famously adapted to film). When the book was first published in 1957, in Italy, it earned great acclaim. However, it was decades before Pasternak’s countrymen could legally read it -- the book wasn’t allowed to be published in the Soviet Union until 1988.

● Are you a cacographer? You may not be, but if you spend any time at all online you’ve certainly run across a few. A cacographer is someone who can’t quite grasp the rules of spelling.

● Cars weren’t allowed on the island of Bermuda until 1948.

● If you’re a blood donor, you’re part of a significant minority. In the United States, less than 5 percent of the population donates blood every year.

● It was American actress, screenwriter and notorious sex symbol Mae West who made the following sage observation: “You only live once. But if you do it right, once is enough.”

● The tuatara is a lizard that can be found in New Zealand. Its claim to fame? It has a third eye, located on the top of its head.

● The town of Llanfair in Wales is also known by its Welsh name, airpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantsiliogogogoch. Roughly translated, this means, “Saint Mary’s Church in a hollow of white hazel, close to a whirlpool and Saint Tysilo’s Church and near a red cave.” The sign at the railway station that has the town’s name is 20 feet long.

● Linguists say that American English has roughly 20 swear words (depending, of course, on how one defines swearing). In contrast, residents of ancient Rome had a lexicon of about 800 so-called “dirty” words to draw upon.

● You probably don’t realize it -- and you certainly don’t notice it - but experts claim that the Atlantic Ocean is getting about 1 centimeter bigger every by: Samantha Weaver year, and the Pacific Ocean is shrinking by the same amount. It’s due to continental drift, they say.

● Those who study such things say that cockroaches can run as fast as 3 mph.

● In Murfreesboro, Tennessee, it is illegal to keep indoor furniture outdoors.

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