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The Last Round Up Three Forks Montana Scan Below
Winters, Blizzards, What's the Beef? Remember the Halloween storm of 1991 – 28 inches of snow from Friday night through Sunday. I remember a particular nasty one, January 10th 1982. My Dad and uncles remember the Armistice Day blizzard of 1940, where a duck hunter was frozen in his boat because of the sudden and severe temperature drops of that storm. Going back to Great-granddad's time – late 19th century, a killer blizzard in November, 1880, left a winter of devastation. The School house blizzard of 1888 was known for causing one of the the worst death rates, many were school children frozen to death on the way home from school. A blizzard white out will completely disorient an adult, let alone young children. Of all these blizzards and many others, there is one that stands out for having the most lasting effect on our way of life, the catostrophic winter of 1886/87. It was not known for any one particular storm but for being extremely cold from November to March, a cold that lasted almost without let up. Bismarck, North Dakota recorded 10 of the coldest winter days prior to 1900 and from December to February in 1886/87, the average temperature was 4 degrees below zero. Storms did rage from November to February and five low temperature records from January, 1887 still stand in Bismarck, including 41 below on Jan. 1st and 44 below on Jan. 2nd. The impact? This lasting deep freeze was to have a permanent affect on the entire cattle ranching industry in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, South and North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho and parts of Minnesota. Up to 90% of the western cattle died that winter and ranching would never be the same in the west. Let us step back in time to give you a background of the beginnings of western cattle ranching. First off, no cattle of any kind, besides buffalo were indigenous to the new world. The conquistadores in the 1500's were responsible for the introduction of domestic cattle and horses to the new world. Their missionaries were the prime caregivers of the herds as they tried to bring agriculture to the Indians of Mexico and the southwest. The military primarily had charge of the horses. The lack of experienced cattle hands and fences allowed many of this transplanted species to escape and by the time of the civil war in 1860, millions, yes, millions of wild long horn cattle ran wild in the southwest and northern Mexico. It should be noted that prior to the civil war there really was no appreciable market for beef, only the hides and tallow held value. The great need for meat occurred during the war and exploded afterward in the great populations of the eastern United States. Over night it spawned the famous cattle industry, and the era of the romantic cowboy was born. Novels and movies of this purely American genre of life would stir the imaginations of adults and children of all ages. Owen Wister wrote the novel “The Virginian”, Zane Grey "Riders of the Purple Sage” and Fredrick Faust, better known as Max Brand, was one of the most prolific western authors next to Louis L’Amour, along with Will James of “Smoky the Horse”. These were just a few. Numerous cowboy movie heroes, Bret Hart, Tom Mix, Gene Autry & Roy Rogers became icons, and of course let's not forget the great John Wayne. Never has a literary & movie genre had a more long lasting and better love then that of depicting the short era of the American cowboy. Getting back to the devastating winter of 1886/87. The great cattle industry of the old west did not shut off as a light switch but diminished gradually in different areas, nevertheless, due to this calamity, the die was cast. Previously, ranchers moved as many cattle that could be rounded up onto public grazing land. A normal winter would be expected to cause an attrition of 10 to 20% but the high birth rate of the herd more than compensated. After the almost total devastation of these great herds from the worst western winter on record, the ranchers quickly decided to switch to the newly introduced cross breeding of the skinny, but tough long horn cattle with the European beefy, short horn cattle, (the stocky Herefords, Black Angus, and Red Angus). Best herd management practice also brought the hated barbed wire fencing to bear for containing this “new breed". Cowboys hated any job that could not be done from horseback and decried another management practice, that of making hay to feed smaller but higher quality beef stock that ranged closer to ranch headquarters. Ranchers took to this after learning that over grazing the range on all available pasture was a formula for another, yet different, disaster which they could control. The modern, refined ranches existing today may have developed better methods for our mass consumption of beef, but they still have their rodeos and western festivals helping to keep the mystique of the American cowboy alive today and, hopefully, forever. Submitted for editorial placement by Dave Schumann
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■On Feb. 8, 1587, after 19 years of imprisonment, Mary Queen of Scots is beheaded in England for her complicity in a plot to murder Queen Elizabeth I. Her son, King James VI of Scotland, accepted his mother’s execution, and upon Queen Elizabeth’s death in 1603, he became king of England, Scotland and Ireland. ■On Feb. 9, 1942, the Normandie, regarded by many as the most elegant ocean liner ever built, burns and sinks in New York Harbor during its conversion to an Allied troop transport ship. A welder accidentally set fire to a pile of flammable life preservers, and by morning the ship lay capsized in the harbor, a gutted wreck. ■On Feb. 10, 1957, Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of the best-selling “Little House� series of children’s novels based on her childhood on the American frontier, dies at age 90 in Mansfield, Mo. In 1932, Wilder, then in her 60s, published her first novel, “Little House in the Big Woods.�
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â– On Feb. 7, 1970, Louisiana State University basketball star Pete Maravich scores 69 points in a game against Alabama, setting a Division I record that would stand for 21 years. He died of a heart attack at age 40 in 1988 during a pickup game of basketball in California.
■On Feb. 13, 1920, The League of Nations, the international organization formed at the peace conference at Versailles in the wake of World War I, recognizes the ■On Feb. 4, 1983, Karen Carpenter, a singer who long perpetual neutrality of Switzerland. The League also suffered under the burden of the expectations that came established its headquarters in the Swiss city of Geneva. with pop stardom, succumbed to heart failure brought on by her long, unpublicized struggle with anorexia. She was ■On Feb. 16, 1959, Fidel Castro is sworn in as prime just 32 years old. minister of Cuba after leading a guerrilla campaign that forced right-wing dictator Fulgencio Batista into exile. ■On Feb. 14, 278 A.D., Valentine, a holy priest in Rome The United States initially recognized the new Cuban in the days of Emperor Claudius II, is executed. Claudius dictator but withdrew its support after Castro nationalized the Cruel had banned all marriages and engagements. U.S. assets on the island. Valentine defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. ■On Feb. 12, 1973, the release of American POWs from the Vietnam War begins in Hanoi as part of the Paris peace ■On Feb. 11, 1916, Emma Goldman, a crusader for settlement. Operation Homecoming was completed on women’s rights and social justice, is arrested in New York March 29, 1973, when the last of 591 U.S. prisoners were City for lecturing and distributing materials about birth released and returned to the United States. control. She was accused of violating the Comstock Act of 1873, which made it a federal offense to disseminate (c) 2012 King Features Synd., Inc.
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• It is difficult to study the language of dolphins because when there are two or more dolphins present, it is impossible to tell which animal is making which sounds. However, a scientist developed a microcomputer that's fastened by suction cups to each dolphin's head. It records each sound and the time it was made, which can be matched up to videos made of the dolphin to see what the animal was doing at the time. • Dolphins identify themselves and each other with "signature whistles" that act as a name. They express emotions by repeating their "name" in different "tones of voice." Researchers have recorded and identified signature whistles of individual dolphins. When those dolphins are taken into separate tanks for medical care, they repeat their names with variations that scientists interpret as fear or apprehension, communicating their state of mind to other dolphins. • Dr. Jarvis Bastian, a University of California psychologist, taught two dolphins named Doris and Buzz a game. They were taught to press the lever on the left when they saw a flashing light and the lever on the right when they saw a steady light. Then he taught them a new twist: when the light came on, Doris had to wait until Buzz pressed his lever first, then she was to press her lever. When they had this down pat, Dr. Bastian then placed a barricade between the two dolphins so that they couldn't see each other. Only Doris could see the light. When the light was flashed, Doris waited for Buzz to press his lever. Buzz, not knowing the light was on, did nothing. Doris then gave off a burst of whistles and clicks, and Buzz immediately pulled the correct lever. He pulled the correct lever every time the test was repeated. • Dolphins in the oceanarium in San Francisco were taught to "clean house." They received a reward of fish for each piece of trash they brought to their trainer. A dolphin named Mr. Spock kept on bringing a steady stream of soggy bits of paper. Finally, the trainer discovered that the dolphin had hidden a big brown paper bag in a corner of the pool, and was tearing off a tiny piece at time. • At the Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Lab in Hawaii, trainers were working with two bottlenose dolphins. Together the two trainers tapped two fingers of each hand together, making the symbol for "in tandem." Then they both threw their arms in the air in the sign language gesture that meant "creative." The instruction was, "Do something creative together." The two dolphins broke away and began swimming around the tank together. Then in perfect choreography they leapt high into the air while simultaneously spitting water out of their mouths. Because dolphins don't normally carry water in their mouths, it was obviously a move that had to be planned and synchronized before they left the water, proving that this was not a matter of two dolphins playing Follow the Leader. When more games of "Tandem Creative" were played, the dolphins did such things and backpedalling and then waving their tail flukes, or doing simultaneous back flips. The trainers were always surprised.
DOLPHINS (continued)
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contraceptive devices and information through the mail or across state lines.
• Off the shores of a town called Laguna in Brazil, dolphins and men have teamed up for generations. Fishermen line up in the shallow water off the shore with their nets. When the dolphins locate a school of mullet, they “herdâ€? the fish towards the fishermen. While the fishermen fill their nets, the dolphins feast on the leftovers. A PROBLEM Dolphins frequently hang out with schools of tuna. Fishing for tuna used to entail only poles and lines, but in the 1960s, the tuna fleets switched to mile-long nets called purse seines that are wrapped around an entire school and closed like a drawstring purse. Unable to reach the surface, dolphins drown. When one member of their pod becomes entangled in a net, the other dolphins stay to help it rather than fleeing. This causes many more to die. The population of spinner dolphins decreased by 80 percent in the 1970s due to tuna fishing. Most major tuna companies now purchase "dolphin-safe" tuna. The price was raised by a few cents to cover the cost of new nets which would allow dolphins to escape. Unfortunately, some foreign tuna companies still use the old methods. Furthermore, many people in the world consider dolphin meat a delicacy. DOLPHIN TO THE RESCUE • Sailors in the late 1800s came to depend on a generous porpoise known as Jack to guide them through the French Pass, a dangerous rocky waterway off the coast of New Zealand. Jack piloted every ship that came through the treacherous currents until 1903, when a drunk passenger on a ship called the Penguin shot and wounded him. Fortunately, Jack recovered and resumed his duties. For an additional nine years, he guided all ships- all except the Penguin. • In 1999 when 5-year-old Elian Gonzales found himself alone and adrift at sea after his mother and her companions drowned while escaping from Cuba, he survived by clinging to a floating inner tube. When rescuers found him, he was surrounded by dolphins who had broken waves for him and driven away sharks for the two terrible days he floated alone in the ocean.
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▲ “If you lose a contact lens, try turning off the lights and using a flashlight held perpendicular to the floor. They sort of reflect the light, and as you move the beam of light across the floor, it will flash. This has helped me many times. - R.E. in South Carolina
▲ Here’s a great diet control tip: When serving dinner, portion out the meal, then pack up the leftovers right away. You won’t be as tempted to go back and have seconds, nor stuff a few more mouthfuls in when cleaning up later.
Uses for Baking Soda: Bake better beans Do you love baked beans but not their aftereffects? Adding a pinch of baking soda to baked beans as they’re cooking will significantly reduce their gas-producing properties. Fluff up your omelets Want to know the secret to making fluffier omelets? For every three eggs used, add 112 teaspoon baking soda.
▲ To store asparagus, trim off the ends and wrap the spears in a few paper towels that you have dampened. Keep it in the fridge for two days max. This will keep it very fresh and tasty.
Rid hands of food odors Chopping garlic or cleaning a fish can leave their “essence” on your fingers long after the chore is done. Get those nasty food smells off your hands by simply wetting them and vigorously rubbing with about 2 teaspoons baking soda instead of soap. The smell should wash off with the soda.
▲ If you add dried fruit or raisins to your batter for cakes or muffins, roll them or shake them in flour first. This will prevent them from sinking down to the bottom of the pan.
Clean a cutting board Keep your wooden or plastic cutting board clean by occasionally scrubbing it with a paste made from 1 tablespoon each baking soda, salt, and water. Rinse thoroughly with hot water.
▲ If your bathtub has a grainy or rough texture, try soaking the bath in vinegar, either by adding a large bottle to some water and plugging it up, or by laying down a towel and soaking it in vinegar. Scrub and remove.
Source: Extraordinary Uses for Ordinary Things by Readers Digest.
Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, c/o King Features Weekly Service, P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475 or e-mail JoAnn at heresatip@yahoo.com. (c) 2013 King Features Synd., Inc.
Johnson’s Baby Shampoo, Johnson’s Baby Oil, Smirnoff Vodka, and Bounty Paper Towels. To make your own baby wipes, mix three teaspoons Johnson’s Baby Shampoo, two teaspoons Johnson’s Baby Oil, one tablespoon Smirnoff Vodka, and two cups water. Tear off twenty individual sheets of Bounty paper towels. Cut each square in half, and fold each half into thirds (like a baby wipe). Place all the folded sheets in a pan. Drizzle the mixture over the paper towels, allowing the towels to absorb the liquid. Stack the towels in an airtight container. Source: Joey Green’s Amazing Kitchen Cures; Rodale Press
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Are you thinking of sending LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS flowers to someone special on V Valentine’s Day? You may want to check out of the meaning of some of our favorite blossoms before doing so! • Floriography, or the language of flowers, began during the Victorian era, er when individuals used flower symbolism to express feelings they were sym unable to speak aloud, or wanted un a discreet form of communication. d Various blooms were used to send secret or coded messages of love and other sentiments. Flower dictionaries containing the meanings of different varieties filled the shelves as the long list grew. • Most of us know that sending red roses denotes enduring, passionate romantic love, meant for the love of your life. Pink roses are for a lesser affection, and yellow are to be used to symbolize the joy of a devoted friendship. While white roses represent purity and virtue, a bouquet of mixed red and white roses is used to designate unity with your loved one. Can’t afford a dozen roses? Just a single red rose in full bloom also says, “I love you.” Trying to tell your loved one it was love at first sight? Lavender roses are the symbol for that sentiment. • Blue flowers are used to send a message of calm, beauty, tranquility, and peace. Specifically, blue hyacinths indicate constancy and faithfulness, as do blue violets, which represent faithfulness and say, “I’ll always be true.” If violets are unavailable, blue forgetme-nots also let the recipient know that your love is true. • The towering stems of gladioli are symbolic of a sword, and they even take their name from the Lain word gladius, meaning “sword.” A bouquet of these stunning spikes expresses to the recipient that he or she has “pierced the giver’s heart with passion.” • If your sweetheart is a rare beauty, send her the gift of orchids. Perhaps there is someone to whom you’d like say, “You’re lovely,” but you want to do it secretly, without divulging your identity. The gardenia is an excellent symbol for this purpose. Asking to have your affection returned? Deliver jonquils, a fragrant member of the narcissus family. • Is there an individual who you highly respect? A sunny bunch of daffodils will convey that message. However, if you’re trying to tell your egotistical acquaintance, “You love yourself too well,” have the florist deliver narcissus. • Who wouldn’t want to receive a bouquet of primroses? Their message is, “I can’t live without you.” Similarly, white lilies proclaim, “It’s heavenly to be with you,” and Calla lilies are representative of “magnificent beauty.”
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♥ For Your Heart's Content
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• Perhaps you’ve offended your loved one. Sending purple hyacinths says, “I am sorry, please forgive me.” Receiving striped carnations means a refusal to an offer of affection, and declares, “Sorry, I can’t be with you.” • You certainly don’t want to receive a gift of foxglove, symbolic of insincerity, or a Venus flytrap, representing deceit, or rhododendron, meaning danger or caution. Likewise, marigolds are a declaration of jealousy. • Are you thinking of a dear but absent friend? A bouquet of mixed pansies will convey those remembrances. The pansy even takes its name from the French word, pensée, meaning “thought or remembrance.” • Be careful about sending orange blossoms to a newlywed couple – it’s a wish for their fertility! A gift of peonies to any married couple is a hope for continued happiness.
BEETLE JUICE
So you’re not interested in eating bugs? Well, you better start reading
the ingredients labels a bit more closely… • The cochineal beetle lives on prickly pear cactus plants in places such as Peru and the Canary Islands, sucking their sap. The eggs of the beetle, wrapped
inside a cocoon, are bright red. In fact, the eggs are so red that a pregnant female cochineal beetle whose body harbors unlaid eggs will, if squashed, yield a bright red pulp. Long ago the Mixtec Indians collected the female cochineal beetles and crushed them to a powder. The dried bug dust was used to create a color-fast red dye for fabrics that is still used today. It's considered to be superior to all synthetic dyes. But these red bugs color more than just clothing. • Dye made from cochineal beetles is called carmine. In the 1800s food manufacturers began to use carmine to dye sausages, candy, jam, shrimp, maraschino cherries, and other things. The cosmetic industry used it to color lipstick and rouge. The pharmaceutical industry used it to color pills. Carmine was a very common until a red dye made from coal tar became more popular in the 1870s. However, when coal tar dyes were found to be carcinogenic, carmine came back on the scene. Look at the ingredients of red foods and beverages in your supermarket today for either "carmine" or "cochineal extract." Many kinds of juice, yogurt, ice cream, cough syrup, gelatin, and candy may contain beetle powder for coloring. The advertising for such products may legitimately claim, "All natural ingredients!" because, after all, what's unnatural about a beetle? If you don’t want to eat crushed beetles, look for ‘artificial coloring’ on the ingredients label. • In 1996, some 640 metric tons of cochineal was harvested in Peru. That accounts for 85 percent of the world's production. • Now let's take a look at candy, especially chocolate candy such as chocolate covered raisins, chocolate mints, chocolate coated peanuts and so forth. Anything that tends to get sticky is covered with shellac. • What exactly is shellac? Shellac comes from the poop produced by the scale beetle Laccifer lacca, which lives in India and South Asia. The beetle makes a living eating tree sap, particularly of several species of soapberry, acacia, and fig tree. It then ex-cretes digested sap and covers itself with a hardened shell of this resinous matter to pro-tect itself from predators while it goes through its larval stage. • Twigs covered with these bugs are then scraped off, and the scrapings are ground up, washed, melted, filtered, dried, and dissolved in denatured alcohol to form a varnish for furniture. • Food grade varnish, a type of confectioner’s glaze, can also be produced from Laccifer lacca which is very popular with food manu-facturers because it maintains its gloss even in high humidity; it doesn't get sticky or dull; and it adheres easily to many food surfaces. • Of course, the label is not going to list bug poop as an ingredient. No, it’s usually got a sugar coated name such as ‘confectioner’s glaze or ‘resinous glaze.’ • "Lac" from which we get our word shellac, comes from the Persian word meaning "hun-dred thousand" because it takes so many of these tiny bugs to produce lac in any quanti-ty: 100,000 bugs, each the size of the head of a pin, can yield perhaps a pound of shellac.
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$99Bingo Machines Electronic $5 OFF MINI OR MORE
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We have more sessions than any other bingo hall! Check us out — 29 sessions!
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Page 5
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Classy f l des
Local Services, Products & Events Meets Commerce
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Please Don’t Litter
Please Don’t Litter
The Reluctant Psychic
always need to live in the same area of each other, or have the Universe plan for them to meet in some long lost place in time. The odds of all of this working out perfectly every time is astronomical I’m sure.
What we need to realize is that our mated souls understand the need to come to earth and experience what it’s like to walk here, as a human. There is no jealousy or upset when a spirit comes to earth and leaves the other behind. Some might When I was a young girl I believed in the story my mom told of there being one even have soul mates who help to guide them in this lifetime. true love out there waiting for us. One, and only one. We needed to search the world over for our “soul mate”...or at least the next town over. What we are looking for in a spouse in this U if !! fmvdubou! tzdijd lifetime is someone who is helpful and fun I am asked very frequently about soul mates. People fear that they haven’t found for us to be with. That person may live next theirs. They wonder if they’ve married the wrong person because now after 25 years door or half way across the world. And he/she just doesn’t seem to be their soul mate. Often I have young people come to sometimes we find several different people ♦ Psychic me who are considering getting engaged, or just did, and they are wondering....is to share our lives with. That doesn’t mean ♦ Medium this my true soul mate? the others were wrong. It simply means that we need different things at different points ♦ Healer A soul mate is not what most people believe it is. If you considered the name for in our lives. ♦ Classes just a moment you would realize this is not something to strive for here on earth. It is something that has already happened on the other side. Thank you for your interest and attention. If you’d like to have a reading, please contact That’s not to say that soul mates never ever find themselves here on earth together. me. Till next time, stay in touch with 763-576-5134 I’m sure they do. But rarely. For us to connect in every lifetime with our soul yourself, your life, and with those loved ones ROBINALLEN.NET rachelkphoto.com mates, they would need to be born and die at roughly the same times. They would who have moved on.
One True Love
S
Page 6
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Bits that Bite
Taste Samples from over 30 Local Restaurants
A man in Topeka, Kansas decided to write a book about churches around the country. He started by flying to San Francisco and worked east from there. Going to a very large church, he began taking photographs and making notes. He spotted a golden telephone on the vestibule wall and was intrigued with a sign, which read, "Calls: $10,000 a minute." Seeking out the pastor, he asked about the phone and the sign. The pastor answered that this golden phone was, in fact, a direct line to heaven, and if he paid the price, he could talk directly to GOD. The man thanked the pastor and proceeded on his way. As he continued to visit churches in Seattle, Dallas, St. Louis, Chicago, and other cities around the United States, he found more phones, with the same sign, and the same answer from each pastor. Finally, he arrived in "Up North" Minnesota . Upon entering a church in Duluth, behold - he saw the usual golden telephone. But THIS time, the sign read, "Calls: 35 cents." Fascinated, he asked to talk to the pastor, "Reverend," he said, "I have been in cities all across the country, and in each church I have found this golden telephone, have been told it is a direct line to Heaven, and that I could talk to GOD. But in the other churches, the cost was $10,000 a minute. Your sign reads only 35 cents a call. Why?" The pastor, smiling benignly, replied, "Son, you're Up North in Minnesota ...... You're in God's Country. It's a local call."
National Sports Center (Schwanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Center) 1700 __ 105th Ave NE Blaine, MN 55449 4:30 - 8PM
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Page 7
● In the early 1990s, a couple in Milwaukee was curious about the value of a painting they had displayed in their home, so they invited an art expert to evaluate the piece. The painting in question turned out to be of little relative value, but the expert noticed another work, a still life with flowers, that the owners believed to be a reproduction of a Van Gogh. Imagine this couple’s surprise when the work turned out to be an original 1886 painting, which later sold at auction for $1.4 million. ********************* Thought for the Day: “Life is hard. After all, it kills you.” -- Katharine Hepburn (c) 2013 King Features Synd., Inc. Get Advertising information at www.TidbitsTwinCities.com Or call:763-218-0033
● The average human walks approximately 100,000 miles in the course of a lifetime. If that walking were done in a straight line on the equator, you would circle the Earth four times.
● Many professional matchmakers say that one should never date a person who is younger than half one’s age, plus seven years.
● It’s common knowledge that methane, a greenhouse gas, contributes to the rise in global temperatures. It’s less wellknown, however, that 20 percent of the world’s methane emissions comes from livestock and their, well ... emissions.
● The most common surname in Germany is Schultz.
● At the 1904 World’s Fair in Saint Louis, it was particularly hot. An ice-cream vendor was doing so much business that he ran out of the cups in which he was serving the ice cream. He looked to the other foodsellers to see if they had any spare containers that would be useful, but he had no luck. Finally, desperate not to lose any more business, he bought some waffles from a nearby vendor and wrapped one around each scoop of ice cream as he sold it. The result was even more popular than ice-cream in a cup, and thus the ice cream cone was born.
● If you’re like the average person, the hair on your head takes two to three months to grow 1 inch.
● Cheese has been around for a long time, and it can last longer than you may think. In Ireland 25 years ago, a hunk of cheese was discovered that dated back 1,700 years -- and it was still edible.
● You’ve almost certainly heard of Supreme Court Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first black American to serve as such. You might not know, though, that he was known to call a court recess at 1 p.m. so he could watch the soap opera “Days of Our Lives.”
● According to research conducted at Rutgers University, graduate students who are studying business are more likely to cheat than students in any other field of study.
bby S Samantha th W Weaver
763-381-2884 Lora.Homuth@FlexRealtyLLC.com
7-30-2012
www.maacofridley.com
$45
for the Set
Order by phone 763-792-1125
(includes tax, shipping & handling)
Onlyy
Books I, II, & III
The Trilogy
Over 700 Pages of Vintage Tidbits Articles
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WANT TO RUN YOUR OWN BUSINESS? Publish a Paper in Your Area
Continued Pg. 2
The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that thinks, imagines, and plans. The larger it is, the more intelligent the animal. A dolphin's cerebral cortex is larger than a human's. Dolphins also have more folds in their brains than humans do. Let’s take a look at what dolphins can do. • Like bats, dolphins navigate perfectly, even when unable to see, by using sonar. In the forehead of each dolphin is a pocket of oil or fat called the melon. This is used to focus the sound of the sonar blasts into a beam, like a magnifying lens focuses light. The sound bounces off an object and returns to the dolphin as an echo, containing information on the size, texture, and movement of the object. The dolphin receives the echo through fat deposits in its jaw. • A dolphin can identify objects up to half a mile away, detecting an item as small as a vitamin pill at the far end of a large pool. They also have manners when sounding their echolocation and avoid 'spraying' others with sound, focusing their sonar through a narrow window between other dolphins. • Dolphins may be able to make sounds loud enough to stun fish. One researcher who went swimming in a pool with an agitated dolphin had his eardrum burst by such a sound. Some scientists theorize dolphins may use sonar to project images into the brains of other dolphins.
by Janet Spencer
TIDBITS® CONSIDERS DOLPHINS
Does a dolphin ever do something by accident? No, they do everything on porpoise!
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