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Volume 1 Issue 45
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TIDBITS® VISITS
MONTANA
by Janet Spencer
Montana became the 41st state on November 8, 1889, so come along with Tidbits as we visit Montana! MONTANA WEATHER
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• The town of Browning, Montana near Glacier Park holds the national record for the greatest drop in temperature in 24 hours, for a 100 degree drop on January 23, 1916. It went from 44° to -56°F (7°C to -49°C) • On January 11, 1980, when Great Falls set a new national weather record for quickest temperature increase in the shortest time, it took just seven minutes to go from -32° to 15°F (-35°C to -15°C). • Montana’s record low is -70°F (-57°C) and the record high is 117°F (47°F), for a temperature range of 187 degrees. No state has a temperature ranger greater than that. • Cooke City near Yellowstone National Park holds the state record for greatest snowfall in a single season, with 418 inches (10.6 m) for the winter of 197778. However, the town of Summit near Glacier National Park holds the record for greatest snowfall in 24 hours; greatest snowfall in four days; greatest snowfall in five days; and the greatest snowfall in one month when 131 inches (3.3 m) of snow fell in January of 1972. (Continued next page)
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MONTANA SNOW • How long would it take to give a lift to the entire population of Montana in the state’s 65 ski lifts? About 13 hours at maximum capacity of 72,000 people per hour. There are 15 ski areas in the state, with a combined area of 14,000 acres of skiing and 548 downhill runs. • Martin City hosts the annual Barstool Races each February, where barstools must be mounted on skis to enter. • Red Lodge Mountain hosts the Cardboard Cup Classic each winter, during which cardboard contraptions hit the slopes and are awarded prizes for the most creative. • At Big Mountain near Whitefish each winter, they host the annual furniture race, where skis are attached to any snow-worthy item of furniture and ridden down the mountain. • Showdown ski area hosts mannequin jumping, where decorated mannequins are attached to skis and sent down the mannequin ski jump. • The city of Missoula sponsors the Frost Fever Festival every February, featuring snow football, snow softball, and snow volleyball. IT’S A FACT • Percent of avalanche victims in the U.S. who are men: 90% • Percent of Montana’s stream flow that originates from melting snow: 70%. • Miles of interstate in Montana: 1,200 • Miles of groomed snowmobile trails in Montana: 4,000 MONTANA STATE FLOWER • The Montana state flower is the bitterroot. It can live for over a year without water and can be revived even after being boiled, dried, or pressed. Its tenacity is reflected in its Latin name “Lewisia rediviva” with “Lewisia” being for Meriwether Lewis who cataloged it, and “rediviva” meaning “one who lives again.” (Cont’d next page)
Do Charity Events Really Help Pets? DEAR PAW’S CORNER: A local pet charity is going to hold a Halloween-themed pet walk, where participants bring their dogs in costume to parade along a local street. My question is, do these kinds of charity events really help pets in need? They just seem like chichi see-and-be-seen social gatherings without any real purpose. -Dan in Long Beach, California DEAR DAN: Charity events can do a tremendous amount of good for pets in need. Besides donations of food, blankets and other items, most shelters and nonprofits need cold hard cash in order to function. These events can raise quite a bit of money. Many pet owners join in walks like these just for fun, and I think that’s fine. They’re proud of their pet and want to show it off, and it’s a great chance to socialize (as long as the dogs can handle large crowds). However, if you’re also concerned about how your donation will be used, it doesn’t hurt to do some research first. What exactly does the charity support? (Some fund pet rescues or local shelters; others advocate for seniors and their pets, and so on.) How much of its funding goes directly to the cause being supported? You can find the answer through watchdog
groups like Charity Navigator (www. charitynavigator.org/), Guidestar (www. guidestar.org/Home.aspx) or the Wise Giving Alliance (www.give.org/). You also can check an approved nonprofit’s 990 tax forms from the IRS to see how efficiently donations are used. If you’re still skeptical, save those funds and donate them directly to your local shelter, where you can ask someone how that money is used, and it generally travels the shortest path toward helping animals in need.
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ARIES (March 21 to April 19) Your honesty continues to impress everyone who needs reassurance about a project. But be careful you don’t lose patience with those who are still not ready to act. TAURUS (April 20 to May 20) Pushing others too hard to do things your way could cause resentment and raise more doubts. Instead, take more time to explain why your methods will work. GEMINI (May 21 to June 20) Be more considerate of those close to you before making a decision that could have a serious effect on their lives. Explain your intentions and ask for their advice. CANCER ( June 21 to July 22) You might have to defend a workplace decision you plan to make. Colleagues might back you up on this, but it’s the facts that will ultimately win the day for you. Good luck. LEO ( July 23 to August 22) The Big Cat’s coworkers might not be doing enough to help get that project finished. Your roars might stir things up, but gentle purrr-suasion will prove to be more effective. VIRGO (August 23 to September 22) Someone you care for needs help with a problem. Give it lovingly and without judging the situation. Whatever you feel you should know will be revealed later. LIBRA (September 23 to October 22) While
you’re to be admired for how you handled recent workplace problems, be careful not to react the same way to a new situation until all the facts are in. SCORPIO (October 23 to November 21) Rely on your keen instincts as well as the facts at hand when dealing with a troubling situation. Be patient. Take things one step at a time as you work through it. SAGITTARIUS (November 22 to December 21) Your curiosity leads you to ask questions. However, the answers might not be what you hoped to hear. Don’t reject them without checking them out. CAPRICORN (December 22 to January 19) Be careful not to tackle a problem without sufficient facts. Even sure-footed Goats need to know where they’ll land before leaping off a mountain path. AQUARIUS ( January 20 to February 18) Appearances can be deceiving. You need to do more investigating before investing your time, let alone your money, in something that might have some hidden flaws. PISCES (February 19 to March 20) Your recent stand on an issue could make you the focus of more attention than you would like. But you’ll regain your privacy, as well as more time with loved ones, by week’s end. BORN THIS WEEK: You’re a good friend and a trusted confidante. You would be a wonderful teacher and a respected member of the clergy.
NAME THAT STATE • The only state that has more hiking trails than Montana’s 15,000 miles (24,140 km) of trails is California. • The only states that have more pick-up trucks per capita than Montana’s 361 trucks for every 1,000 residents are North and South Dakota. • The only state that has a higher rate of private airplane ownership than Montana is Alaska. • The only state that has an average daily wind speed higher than Montana’s 12.7 mph (20 km/hr) is Wyoming, averaging 12.9 mph. • The only state that has more acres of land being farmed than Montana’s 58.6 million acres is Texas, with 129 million cultivated acres. After Montana come Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. MONTANA POPULATION: SPARSE • When Hillary Clinton visited the state in 1993, she described it as “hyper-rural.” Nationwide, about 25% of the population lives in rural areas, but in Montana, 48% do. • The average population density across the state is 6.2 people per square mile. The only states more sparsely settled than that are Alaska and Wyoming. The national average is 75 people per square mile, and New York City has a density of 26,402 per square mile. • Montana’s least populated counties, Petroleum and Garfield, have only 0.3 people per square mile. The county seat of Garfield County is Jordan, known as the “lonesomest town in the world” because it’s the most isolated county seat in the contiguous U.S. The nearest airport is 175 miles (281 km) away, and it’s 115 miles (185 km) to the nearest railroad depot. • About 80% of Montana communities have a population of 3,000 or fewer, and there are only seven cities in the state with populations of over 10,000. The population of the entire state is just over one million. (Continued next page)
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walls made with the $1-2 pre-made pavers are nice, as well as a landscaping timber. It doesn’t have to be expensive to make it safe for you and nice to look at for your future tenant and the neighbors. Who knows, you might even give the neighbor an idea to do something nice in their yard!
Rogue Valley Real Estate This Section highlights a posting by “BiggerPockets.com” (Reprinted with permission)
By Nathan Brooks on October 25, 2015
With the exterior you also want to take note of the grading and what it looks like directly below the gutters and right up to the edge where the dirt/grass/rocks meet with the foundation. Does it look like there is a loss of dirt there from erosion? Is the problem the gutters? Look at them and see how they are connected to the house (if they are). Are there a lot of pieces that connect together, or is it a seamless gutter product? If it’s not seamless, I almost ALWAYS replace them. Gutters are super cheap, and if not correct(ed), cost lots of money in grading and foundation problems. I’m not as good at spotting this as my foundation guy and home inspector are, but this vantage point around the house can also foreshadow what you will find inside in the crawl space or basement as far as potential foundation problems. For the grading outside, it might simply be new gutters (and check the facia board behind as well, as likely if the gutters aren’t attached very well, you may have wood rot issues on that as well). You could need some dirt, maybe even a little landscaping, to put in there to keep dirt against the foundation. If so, the basic
Usually you can see right away what is going on with the roof. What kind of vents does it have? Tile, flat roof, composite shingle? What does the roof look like? Old, new, dirty? Does it have some movement to it, like it looks uneven? I like to get up and touch a few pieces of the shingles to see how they move. Usually here we have composite roofs. If they are brittle and feel like they will break, it’s old and not very useful. If it looks new and is pliable, it has more useful life. Are there shingles missing or curling up? That’s another sign to plan for a new roof. If it is a tile roof, usually you can replace a tile on the roof and just have the roof cleaned. There is actually a whole other membrane that runs underneath the tiles as well. Just make sure that if you don’t know what you’re doing, you should have a professional change out the tile.
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Please allow four weeks for delivery. *** DEAR DR. ROACH: Can you explain the conANSWER: Facet arthropathy is a term used by radiologists to describe arthritis in the back. dition known as “stone shoulder”? I am a man, 67 years old, and I believe I have it. I spent 45 Degenerative disc disease is very common, if years as a TV news photographer, handling not universal, in 83-year-olds. Both can cause heavy cameras, tripods, etc. -- B.J. back pain. However, the “crack” you heard and the finding ANSWER: “Stone shoulder” is a new one for me. Maybe you mean frozen shoulder, a condiof a compression fracture are more troubling. tion also called “adhesive capsulitis.” It’s not a A compression fracture of a vertebra is like strictly accurate term, since the loss of movewhat happens to a cardboard box if you put ment the name implies is gradual. It starts with too much weight on top of it. The combination shoulder pain, often worse at night, lasting for of a compression fracture, tingling and numbness is concerning. It’s time to go back and get months. Stiffness develops, and then the loss of re-examined. Compression fractures can lead to shoulder movement can be severe. A careful physical exam by a regular doctor, a nerve compression. rheumatologist or sports medicine doctor, or Kidney, liver and heart problems can all cause an orthopedic surgeon can make the diagnoswelling of the feet, but I think the most likely cause may be that you aren’t elevating your feet sis. Often, the doctor will inject a steroid and anesthetic into the shoulder: The pain relief and as much as before because of the back brace. The booklet on back problems gives an outline improved movement within a minute make the diagnosis. I refer patients to physical therapy of the causes of and treatments for the morefor a gradually increasing exercise regimen. common back maladies. Readers can order a Sometimes, additional injections are necessary. copy by writing: Dr. Roach -- No. 303W, 628 In your case, I would worry about a rotator cuff Virginia Drive Orlando, FL 32803. Enclose a check or money order for $4.75 U.S./$6 Canada tear or inflammation, which you also might have acquired while doing your job. with the recipient’s printed name and address. something to do with it? -- L.B.
To Your Good Health By Keith Roach, M.D.
Could Back Brace Cause Swollen Feet?
DEAR DR. ROACH: I am 83 years old. I was lifting a heavy end table back in November, and I heard a crack. I knew I was in trouble, as that had happened on the golf course many years ago. I went to the hospital and was there for six days. They took an X-ray, which showed moderate facet arthropathy, mild degenerative disc disease and a mild compression fracture at T12. I was prescribed a back brace, and have been wearing it for three months. However, both feet have begun tingling in the toes, and my foot is numb all the time. I have had periodic ankle swelling, but now the swelling is up to the knees in both legs. Does the back brace have
MONTANA GOLD • When six prospectors dipped their gold pans in Alder Creek in 1863, leading to one of history’s richest placer gold discoveries, they were hoping to find just enough gold to pay for their tobacco. Instead the $10 million worth of gold taken out of Alder Creek, which runs through Virginia City and Nevada City, would be worth about $2.5 billion today. • Today Montana ranks 5th in production of gold, behind Nevada, California, Alaska, and South Dakota. The Montana state motto “Oro y Plata” is Latin for “gold and silver” and the state seal displays a pick, plow, and shovel. • When a hotel was built in the state capital of Helena, enough gold was recovered from the excavation of the basement to pay for the construction of the entire building. • At a nearby gulch, miners pulled 700 pounds (317 kg) of gold from a two acre plot in a single day. • In the 1880s, Helena had more millionaires per capita than any other city in the nation, with 50. MONTANA FUN • The town of Drummond, Montana sponsors the annual Flapjack Race, where rules dictate that you must build a fire and cook an edible pancake, all while keeping your untied mule next to you at all times. • Bearcreek’s 50 residents hold Pig Races each summer. Pigs are tended by “sowboys.” • Missoula hosts the annual “Punkin’ Chuckin’ Contest” to see who can build a catapult to throw a pumpkin the farthest without using motors or explosives. The current record is nearly 4,000 feet (1,219 m). • Reed Point’s answer to Pamplona’s Running of the Bulls is the annual Running of the Sheep, including the Sheep Roundup, the Sheep Beauty Contest, and sky-diving (plastic) sheep.
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Noteworthy Inventions WILLIAM PERKIN
• Born in England in 1838, William Perkin was supposed to grow up to be an architect, which is what his father wanted. However, a youthful chemistry experiment with soda and alum caused William to become far more interested in chemistry than architecture. As a result, he attended the City of London School, one of the first schools to teach chemistry as a standard subject. William excelled. • In the mid-1800s malaria caused many deaths. The only remedy was quinine, painstakingly derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. • After hearing a lecture on the difficulties of extracting quinine, Perkin decided to try to synthesize quinine. He started with aniline, made from distilling the indigo plant, because he thought the chemical structure was similar enough to quinine that he could alter it. • After mixing in carbons and hydrogens extracted from coal tar, the result was a black sludge. Perkin threw it away, then washed his flasks out with water and alcohol but was interested to see that the sludge residue turned the water and alcohol purple. • Experimenting further, Perkin extracted the substance that caused the color, and sent samples to a friend in the dye business. The purple substance was effective at dying cotton and silk. • At the time, purple dye was obtained from mollusks and it took 12,000 mollusks to produce enough dye for a single dress, and it was not colorfast. Only royalty could afford purple clothing. Perkin’s dye was permanent, cheap, and easy. • William, who was only 17 when he made his discovery, subsequently decided to go into the dye business. In 1856, the Patent Office granted Perkin a patent for ‘a new colouring matter for dyeing.’ (Continued next page)
The second-most expensive investment most people make is their vehicle. According to the FBI Uniform Crime Report, a vehicle is stolen every 21 seconds. The number one property crime in the United States is vehicle theft, costing consumers about $7.8 billion a year. While almost 62% of the stolen vehicles are recovered, the rest are shipped overseas to sell on the black market, sent to chop shops where their parts are sold or installed, or resold to unsuspecting individuals. Vehicle theft translates into big business. Fortunately, it can be prevented with a few precautions and anti-theft devices. Your first line of defense is to park your vehicle in a well-lit area, take your keys out of the ignition, close your windows and sunroof completely, and lock your doors. In some cases, this is not enough to deter a thief and more extensive measures must be taken, such as installing a car alarm and using antitheft devices. When selecting an alarm, make sure its features match those of your vehicle. If you don’t have power lock you doors, don’t purchase an alarm that relies upon this feature. Look for an alarm from
Time for Medicare Open Enrollment
Here we are again in the middle of the annual open enrollment for Medicare. Information abounds, but AARP especially is encouraging seniors to compare the cost of drug plans with an eye toward saving money. Here are some of the things you can do during the open enrollment: * Change from traditional Medicare to an Advantage plan, or vice versa. * Switch from one stand-alone prescription drug plan to another. * Drop Part D. * Sign up for a drug plan if you didn’t join one when you first enrolled in Medicare. * Change from one Advantage plan to another. You’ll be looking for convenience, cost, customer service and coverage.
Blue Water Vets and Agent Orange The Department of Veterans Affairs decided long ago that for a Vietnam veteran to have been exposed to Agent Orange, he or she would have had to actually step foot on land. For those veterans, the VA developed a list of presumptive illnesses -among them peripheral neuropathy, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Parkinson’s disease, prostate cancer and more -- for which it would pay disability benefits. “Blue water” veterans -- on ships offshore in deepwater harbors -- got nothing. Here and there an individual claim would be approved for those who had docked and set foot on land or were on patrol boats on inland waters. The Institute of Medicine was asked to determine if blue water veterans could somehow have been exposed to Agent Orange even if they never left the ship, determine the possible method of transmission
a major manufacturer with dealers nearby in case you have problems. Ask about the manufacturer’s warranty as well as the shop where you will have the alarm installed. Make sure you know how everything on the system works and do a test run after installation to ensure everything works. Vehicle anti-theft devices run the gambit from audible alarms to electronic immobilizers or kill switches to tracking devices. On the low-tech end, you can try steering wheel locks, steering column collars, wheel locks, window decals or window etching. On the high-tech end, you can try a number of vehicle immobilizers ranging from smart keys with computer chips to starter and fuel disablers. For the ultimate anti-theft device, there is a tracking system that emits a signal that is transmitted to the police or a monitoring service. This type of system can lead to a speedier recovery of a vehicle. No one wants to think that a crime could happen to them, but with statistics being what they are, why take a chance on becoming a victim of vehicle theft. Take the steps necessary to protect your vehicle. Just another way to look at vehicle safety. And of course, we’re here when you need us~ Kelly’s Automotive Service, where we service your vehicle, but take care of you. ~ Safe Travels, Dave Kelly
There are two easy (or at least easier than doing it yourself) ways to pick a plan. 1) Go online to Medicare’s Plan Finder (www. medicare.gov/find-a-plan) and start by putting in your ZIP code for plans in your area under the general search. Below that is the personalized search, but only use that if you’re absolutely sure of your computer’s virus protection, because it requires you to put in your Medicare number. 2) Call Medicare directly at 1-800-633-4227 or contact your State Health Insurance Program (SHIP) at www.shiptacenter.org. If you need to learn more, check the AARP site (aarp.org) for A Newcomer’s Guide to Medicare or AARP Medicare Part D Guide. Don’t forget that the open enrollment only runs through Dec. 7, 2015. Any changes you make will start on Jan. 1, 2016. Open enrollment is for those who already have Medicare. If you’re just now signing up for Medicare, there is a different enrollment window for you: three months before your 65th birthday, your birthday month, and three months after your birthday.
and compare them to troops on the ground. The IOM committee held three open meetings, the last aboard the USS Midway, now a museum in San Diego. What members specifically wanted to see: the distillation plants. Navy ships had their own drinking-water supply systems, converting seawater to drinking water. And where did that water go? Everywhere. It was used for drinking, cooking, laundry, showers and making coffee. The IOM called it a “plausible pathway of exposure.” It concurred with an Australian study that concluded the distillation plants “had the potential to enrich” the concentrations from the source water to the drinking water on the other end. The IOM couldn’t, however, determine whether blue water veterans had a higher or lower level of risk than those who served on land or traversed the inland waterways. The VA estimates that of the 80,000 living blue water veterans, about 40,000 have been found eligible for benefits, while about 20,000 have been denied benefits.
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My son attends a music school in Los Angeles. Was I nervous sending him there straight from Grants Pass at 19 yrs. old? You bet! Especially since there are no dorms or cafeteria on campus. A lot of “life skills” have been forced upon him . I’ve been able to sit in on his classes and am quite impressed, as a fellow musician, with their knowledge, skill and the respect they command. Do these instructors have tattoos, piercings, long hair, wear baseball caps backwards? You bet! Has my son shown significant improvement? You bet! He is learning the nuts and bolts of the business side as well by instructors actually making mortgage payments with their music career. Is writing that monthly tuition check becoming less painful? You bet! Let your kids “chase the dream” when they are young.
“Mantiques” Q: I attended an antique show in Atlanta recently and noticed a booth that featured “Mantiques.” Although I have an idea, what exactly are “mantiques.” --Betty, Augusta, Georgia A: “Mantiques” are items that appeal primarily to men such as tools, hand-painted ties, sports equipment, jukeboxes, vintage fountain pens and watches, pin-ups, old pulp magazines, fishing lures and related gear, garage signage and militaria.
One of the better books written about this field of collecting is “Mantiques: A Manly Guide to Cool Stuff” by Eric Bradley and published by Krause Books. According to Bradley, there are five main reasons to collect: Mantiques are funky, unique and bitchin’; Mantique collectors like to go on adventures; People who collect mantiques are good company; People who sell mantiques are as strange and awesome as the things they sell; and Mantiques make you smart. *** Q: My family owned several gas stations throughout the 1940 and ‘50s. I have two signs that I think might be valuable: a pump plate for “Bulko” gasoline, and a double-sided porcelain sign for Chevron gasoline. Am I right? -- Carl, Wheaton, Illinois A: Indeed. According to “Warman’s Gas Station Collectibles” by Mark F. Moran, your “Bulko” plate is worth the most. If in good condition, it could retail for as much as $3,500. Your Chevron sign is valued
at $1,100. Gas station collectibles have become quite popular, and with the increased demand, prices have risen dramatically. *** Q: I have six Jim Beam bottles and nine miniatures, all filled with liquor and sealed. Where can I sell them? -- Freda, Albuquerque, New Mexico A: You can’t as long as there is liquor in the bottles. It is illegal to sell liquor without the proper permits. My advice is to either empty out the containers and then sell them or, better yet, have a party. *** Q: I have five Time magazines from 1958. I plan to sell them but have no idea of how much they might be worth. I am hoping to get about $50 each. -- Mark, Clarksville, Tennessee A: Although hope springs eternal, your magazines are probably worth about $10 each. That is, of course, assuming they are in good condition.
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1. MOVIES: What kind of fish is Dory in “Finding Nemo”? 2. U.S. PRESIDENTS: Which U.S. president served the shortest term? 3. HISTORY: What is the earliest written system of laws known to us? 4. FAMOUS QUOTATIONS: What 20th-century comedian once said, “Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it everywhere, diagnosing it incorrectly and applying the wrong remedies”? 5. GEOGRAPHY: What is the largest country in South America? 6. LANGUAGE: What does it mean when someone “bloviates”? 7. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: How long is the Tour de France bicycle race? 8. FIRSTS: Who was the first woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court? 9. U.S. STATES: Which state is known as “The Pine Tree” state? 10. TELEVISION: Which Muppet character lives in a garbage can on “Sesame Street”?
1. In 2014, Detroit’s Victor Martinez became the third A.L. player in history to have a season of 30-plus homers and less than 50 strikeouts at age 35 or older. Who were the first two? 2. Name the last major-league playoff team before the 2014 Kansas City Royals to not have at least 100 regular-season home runs. 3. Who was the last player before Jacksonville’s Allen Hurns in 2014 to score on each of his first two NFL receptions? 4. Name the first men’s basketball coach to take five different schools to the NCAA Tournament. 5. Who was the first graduate from Harvard to score a goal in the Stanley Cup Finals? 6. In 2015, Alex Morgan became the thirdfastest U.S. female player (79 games) to score 50 goals in international competition. Who did it faster? 7. How many losses did heavyweight boxer Joe Frazier have during his 37-fight pro career.
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Fall Leaf Play
WILLIAM PERKIN (cont’d) • The dye was a hit in France, where they named it ‘malva’ for the mallow flower, which is the same color as the dye. Chemists later altered this French name slightly, giving the dye its common name: Mauve. • William didn’t know anything about textiles or the large scale production of chemicals. However, 1857 the Empress Eugénie, wife of Napoleon III, began to wear mauve-colored gowns. In 1858, Queen Victoria wore mauve to her daughter’s wedding. Suddenly mauve was in demand. Since he was the only person who knew how to produce the dye, his success was assured. • William’s father invested his savings in order to build a factory, and the business was wildly successful. He continued his research, finding how to prevent cloth from being dyed unevenly by using a soap bath to ensure even application of the color. He found methods of creating light and dark shades of mauve. He figured out how to dye cloth in calico patterns. • His contribution to dye chemistry happened just as the Industrial Revolution was taking place. Cotton fabric could be manufactured and dyed very cheaply, making it possible for common people to buy better and more colorful clothing. • William became rich in short order, selling his factory and retiring from the business at the age of 36 to pursue other interests. • His discovery revolutionized the dye industry and sparked the birth of the synthetic chemical industry. Coal tar had previously been thought of as a useless by-product of the gas industry, whose only known use was for water-proofing boots. Perkin’s discovery laid the foundations for an industry that found uses for coal tar ranging from pharmaceuticals to perfumes to Saccharine. As a result of Perkin’s discovery, over 700 new compounds were found.
Romping in the rain decked out in rubber boots and raincoats is a happy pastime for Canadian-born Melissa Oliveri and her 5-year-old son Luca. And when the leaves change color, it’s even more of an adventure, especially when the falling leaves in their neighborhood are Melissa’s beloved maples, the symbol of her homeland. Pockets full of colorful maples are often the centerpiece of fun learning activities when they get home -- like creating an artful version of the Canadian flag. Noting the 11 points on the leaf, they sandwich it between pieces of adhesive-backed, self-laminating sheets and glue it to the center of a large sheet of white art paper. Melissa draws two vertical red lines from top to bottom on the paper, about two inches from the side edges of the leaf. Luca fills in the two borders with red markers, crayons or paint, and it’s ready to hang. Explore the magic of leaves and other nature finds where you live this week. Here are two more ideas: SWIMMING IN THE LEAVES If raking the yard is on your to-do list, set out your kiddie pool before you store it for winter, and fill it to overflowing with fallen leaves. Luca enjoyed active afternoons as a preschooler “swimming,” “splashing” and “kicking” in the contained space of crackly red and gold leaves, while Melissa and her husband got the raking done. PRESS AND FRAME First, press a variety of shapes and colors of leaves. Spread them out on smooth paper towels. Place heavy books on top and let the leaves dry for a couple of days. Remove books and gently remove leaves. Or, simply press them in pages of a phone book. Group them together in an inexpensive poster frame, and display in a prominent place in your home. If you have a collage-style frame with outdated or faded photos, remove them and frame different leaves in the square and/ or oval sections of the matting.
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QUIZ: PASTA
• In 1920, so the story goes, an Italian man named de Lelio was concerned because his pregnant wife had lost her appetite. He owned a restaurant in Rome, so he concocted a dish of egg noodles covered with a rich delicious sauce to tempt his wife’s appetite. History does not record whether or not she liked it, but the patrons of his restaurant did. He called the dish after himself and began to serve it regularly. • Movie stars Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford were on their honeymoon in Rome and stopped in his restaurant for dinner nearly every night. They enjoyed his noodle dish so much that they presented him with a goldplated fork and spoon with which to stir his famous sauce. • Within a year the recipe was featured in a cookbook produced by the famous Rector’s Restaurant in New York, which helped popularize the dish in America. Hollywood movie stars continued to eat at di Lelio restaurant in Rome, and they insisted that their favorite chefs back home try their hand at the recipe as well. • Today the noodle dish, with a sauce made from butter, cream and Parmesan cheese, is popular across the U.S. The restaurant started by di Lelio is still in business. What was his first name, now attached to his famous pasta recipe? QUIZ: LUIZA’S PASTA • Luiza was born in Italy in 1871 and began singing at the age of three. She made her debut in opera in 1890 when the scheduled soprano failed to show up for a performance and Luiza stepped in, garnering immediate acclaim. She had a remarkable voice and toured the world. In 1905 she made her American debut in San Francisco, which became her favorite U.S. city. Answer: Alfredo, who named Fettuccine Alfredo. • As she grew older and stouter, Luiza’s voice declined somewhat. One of her husbands stole her fortune and she died in 1940 after suffering years of ill health and poverty. She is remembered today, not so much for her astonishing voice, as for one of her favorite dishes that is thought to have been named after her by a chef at the San Francisco hotel
1. Joe DiMaggio (1950) and Ted Williams (1957). 2. The Los Angeles Dodgers, in 1988. 3. Detroit’s Charles Rogers, in 2003. 4. Lon Krueger (Kansas State, Florida, Illinois, UNLV and Oklahoma). 5. Alex Killorn, for Tampa Bay in 2015. 6. Michelle Akers (49 games) and Abby Wambach (64 games). 7. Four -- two to George Foreman and two to Muhammad Ali.
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where she stayed. The dish consists of bits of turkey or chicken, swimming in a sauce of cream and wine, served over noodles. Name it. (Answer at bottom of page) HECTOR’S PASTA • Hector worked in restaurant kitchens near his home in Italy from the age of 11. His family came to the U.S. in 1915 when he was 17, and he soon got a job as a chef in the kitchens of the prestigious Plaza Hotel in New York City. • In 1926 he opened his own Italian restaurant in Cleveland. His spaghetti sauce was so popular that diners often asked him for some to take home with them. As demand for his sauces continued to grow, he opened a spaghetti sauce factory next to the restaurant. Business was so brisk that in 1929, he started a company selling bottled spaghetti sauce. • He wanted to name the company after himself, but his Italian surname had a difficult spelling. So he Americanized it. The label included a depiction of him, wearing his white chef’s hat. Chef Hector experimented with canning spaghetti, and when that turned out well, he added not only canned spaghetti but also canned ravioli to his product line. During World War II, the firm supplied American troops with rations of canned pasta. By the time Chef Hector died in 1985, his Americanized name was known throughout the world: Hector Boiardi, now Boyardee. Answer: Turkey Tetrazzini, named for Luiza Tetrazzini.
Answers 1. Blue tang 2. William Henry Harrison served only one month in office. 3. The Code of Hammurabi (Babylonian) was inscribed around 1750 B.C. 4. Groucho Marx 5. Brazil 6. Speaks pompously at length 7. 23 days covering about 2,200 miles 8. Sandra Day O’Connor 9. Maine 10. Oscar the Grouch