ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO TIM HUITIAN ZHOU
COLUMBIA GSAPP 2017 - 2020
CONTENTS THE HOVERING ISLAND
4 - 21 Public Community School in the Lower East Side
SPLIT-LINE HOUSING
22 - 43
Public Housing in the South Bronx
SAKAIDE ARTIFICIAL GROUND
44 - 59
Housing Project Renovation in Sakaide, Japan
ASCENSION 60 - 71 Library in Dumbo Brooklyn
JUXTAPOSITION
72 - 79 Public Activity Center in the East River
ADVANCED CURTAIN WALLS 80 - 83 Double-skin unitized curtain wall system
GREENPOINT THEATER
84 - 87 Theater Located in Greenpoint, Brooklyn
TECHNIQUES OF THE ULTRA-REAL
88 - 91
Rendering of an artist retreat in California Desert
SUPER TALL
92 - 93 Infographic for a Super-tall Structure
ARCHITECTURE PHOTOGRAPHY 94 - 95
THE HOVERING ISLAND Public School in the East Village
Critic: Oana Stanescu In collaboration with Hyung Rok Do
Public School 188 (The Island School) in the Lower East Side of Manhattan serves mainly homeless families. As the name of the school “Island School� suggests, the school is surrounded by a forest of NYCHA towers without enough access to public programs. Each day, when school is out, students have nowhere to go because the school facility is obsolete and not flexible enough to cater needs for after school programs. The hovering Island school is located on top of the existing building. By building on top, the new scheme better addresses new needs and privacy concerns for the school as well as transforms the existing building into a public building for the neighborhood.
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Above: In addition to addressing the problems of the school, the new scheme also aims to provide additional public spaces, utilizing the existing school structure to relieve the problem of social isolation Right: Form finding models that explore the possibilities of two programs existing side-by-side 6
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Gym Community Center
Cafe
Auditorium School PROGRAMS DIAGRAM The school takes shape as an elevated platform that floats on top of the existing building. With an opening in the middle, allowing light to penetrate down to the ground. The original building now serves as a community center that offers local residents a place to interact and mingle. Three public programs bridge the upper school and the lower community center. They also serve as an alternative vertical circulation option. Programs
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Above: SPLIT MODEL PHOTO Right: GYM PERSPECTIVE COMMUNITY CENTER PERSPECTIVE
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SCHOOL AXON Parallel walls are used as a primary structure and spatial organization tool. They define programs and create distinct spaces through various transparencies, thicknesses and gaps in between 10
WALL SECTION DIAGRAM The thick walls penetrate the original bottom structure and reach the ground that not only serve as the structure for the new school floating above, but also contain mechanical, electrical and plumbing equipment inside
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Left:
SCHOOL GROUND FLOOR PLAN
Above: Different programs exist in between walls. Wider spaces have better lighting conditions and contain programs such as small conference rooms and classrooms. Small gaps between walls allow intimate and private spaces to form 13
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Left: Above:
SCHOOL 3RD FLOOR PLAN Wall openings have different sizes and shapes, which allow them to have different functions. They can also be used differently based on needs 15
SECTION P Classrooms and other programs are located in between walls. Different wall thicknesses allow different usage 16
SECTION M Public spaces such as the gym are formed through carving out large openings on multiple adjacent walls. A garden level exists in between the school and the community center that provides additional green space to the neighborhood 17
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SPLIT MODEL PHOTO 21
SPLIT-LINE HOUSING Public Housing in South Bronx Critic: Gabriela Etchegaray In collaboration with Isaac Kim
The objective of this studio is to ask, what do we really need in our lives? Is it more stuff? Or can the minimum provide just as much? The idea of domesticity is examined through the concept that “less is enough.� That is, what are the minimal moves architecture can make in order to make the most impact, especially in affordable housing? The South Bronx is full of hard edges that encourage separation. Fences, walls, and barriers provide security but also limit any genuine interaction between neighbors. Split-Line Housing attempts to enhance the quality of life of not only its residents but also the community by providing a new dynamic of living where residents are encouraged to come into contact with one another and with the public alike. This is achieved by softening these hard edges and increasing moments of intersection/interaction.
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2
3
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PROCESS DIAGRAM 1
Generating the overall volume that satisfy the 300 units requirement
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Spliting the volume to allow atrium to form
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Building an artificial ground that allows public realm to take place beneath the residential area
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Shifting the volume to match the scale of the project to the surrounding neighborhood 24
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GROUND FLOOR PLAN The ground floor features the Market Spine that penetrates the site from the North West Corner to the South East Corner, allowing the pedestrians to enter and interact with the private residents. The Market Spine creates a place to mingle and a site for pop-up market space. Courtyards are formed in-between housing buildings
COURTYARD PERSPECTIVE 27
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MARKET SPINE PERSPECTIVE 29
LONGITUDINAL SECTION The section shows three main blocks of the housing complex, with two courtyards and atrium in between. The private amenities such as the gym, the pool and lounges, are located at the bottom of the center block
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Top:
SIDE ATRIUM PERSPECTIVE An elevated ground plane allows the formation of private courtyards that offer private residents a place to mingle
Right: CENTRAL ATRIUM PERSPECTIVE Left:
SECTION SWATH MODEL
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Studio
1-Bedroom
2-Bedroom
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1-Bedroom
Studio
TYPICAL PLANS Three different unit types are available within the project. All of them feature entrance hallways, which can be used as storage space and protect the privacy when entering units. All units have operable windows facing both the north and the south side, allowing ideal lighting conditions and natural ventilation
1-Bedroom
2-Bedroom
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Section 1
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Section 2
Section 1
Upper Left:
Section 2
PARTIAL UNIT LONGITUDINAL SECTION The shifting floor plates allow various ceiling heights which enable sunlight to reach deep inside the unit.
Lower Left: Above:
FACADE PERSPECTIVE PARTIAL UNIT TRANSVERSE SECTION The distinct floor heights between the inside and the outside of the unit prevent people from seeing through the corridor side windows and enhance the privacy of the residents
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Pet House
Storage
Planter
Storage
Work Table
Book Shelf
TV Stand
Bench
Active lifestyle Configuration
Work & Study Configuration
Storage
Entertainment Configuration
EDGE CONDITIONS DIAGRAM The shifting floor plates allow a unique edge condition to happen within the unit, where people can use differently to cater their distinct life styles and preferences 38
INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE The high ceiling increases daylight access, promotes natural ventilation and contributes to a sense of spaciousness. 39
FACADE ELEVATION AND DETAIL The facade of each unit features movable perforated metal panels that filter the sunlight and block the view from the outside 40
INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE Sunlight filtering effect of the movable panels 41
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SAKAIDE ARTIFICIAL GROUND Housing in Sakaide, Japan
Critic: Enrique Walker In collaboration with Yanni Wang, Sanggyu Shin, Isaac Kim
Sakaide Artificial Ground, a project conceived during new urban developments in post-war Japan, is re-imagined to connect the world above and below an artificially constructed platform. It revitalizes concepts conceived by the original architect while also considering contemporary issues of urban growth, community gathering, public space, and history. It represented some of the core of Japanese Metabolism’s vision for a futuristic urban prototype. However fifty years later, the forward thinking embedded in the building are greatly challenged by the modern configuration of city. The building is partially abandoned due to its nature of autonomy and self-isolation. The project takes the approach of an open work, using a series surgical scale operations that built upon the original concept of the architect, to adaptively change the program and spatial condition of Sakaide Artificial ground. The goal is to introduce urban connection to the enclosed city island and provide efficient lighting and circulation condition.
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1964 CHIBA PREFECTURAL CENTRAL LIBRARY
1966 YAMANOUCHI AGRICULTURAL CO-OP HALL
1965 SAKAIDE ARTIFICIAL PLATFORM
1965 HANAIZUMI AGRICULTURAL CO-OP HALL
1968 TONCHIGI ASSEMBLY HALL
1970 SHIZUOKA AGRICULTURAL CO-OP HALL
1972 NIHON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
GENEOLOGY OF THE “ARTIFICIAL GROUND” By analyzing Masato Otaka’s works during 1960s and 1970s, one clear concept that exists in all his project is the concept of the “Artificial ground”. Through his design, Otaka tries to address the land ownership issue that prevails during the post-WWII period in Japan. By creating a new level of artificial ground on top of the existing land or structures, Otaka aims to create buildings that are more modern, open, and accessible to all 46
ISSUES However, establishing a new level of ground on top of the existing one also creates problems such as poor lighting conditions, limited vertical circulation and under-utilized space underneath the artificial ground 47
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LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF THE EXISTING CONDITION The space underneath the artificial ground is mostly occupied by a parking lot. There are several stores that were designed to serve the neighborhood; however, due to poor lighting and limited accessibility, most stores are abandoned
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Current configuration of the artificial ground
Structure Model
Housing on the Platform
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Housing Units Above
Artificial Ground
Structure underneath
The artificial ground has robust concrete structure. The grid and columns are rigid that allow the separation between the structures above the “ground” and the structures below the “ground”. The location of housing units on top is independent from the structure underneath. Without changing the main structure beam of the ground, more openings can be created to allow more light to reach the level underneath the “artificial ground” 51
New Circulation and Programs
New Openings allow light to reach the ground
Top Row: EXISTING CONDITIONS Bottom Row: AFTER INTERVENTION By reconfiguring the space underneath and create more openings on the artificial ground, more programs and activities can take place. In addition, cross site circulation paths encourage people to go inside and explore 52
Lightwell seams allow more light to come down. The open space beneath the artificial ground also allows flexible usage of the site 53
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Reshaping the corners of the project and replacing concrete with glass to allow maximum transparency and openness
After Intervention
Lowering the ground 1.5m creates higher ceiling for the ground level. The space underneath the artificial ground, thus, becomes more spacious and usable Before Intervention
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The addition of new vertical circulation paths, new light wells, and sculptural stairs together serve as beacons to provide direction for people
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Above: LONGITUDINAL SECTION AFTER THE INTERVENTION Left:
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF THE EXISTING CONDITION 59
ASCENSION
Library Located in Dumbo, Brooklyn Critic: Erica Goetz
Located inside the industrial area of Dumbo, Brooklyn, this project attempts to alleviate the separation between a man-made structure and nature, therefore, creating a space that mimics the form of a natural landscape. Without clear cut floor levels, the library takes shape as a continuous ramp that spirals up around a central planted courtyard, symbolizing the knowledge seeking path. Organized around a central planted courtyard, the library program spaces surround a cluster of trees as they ascend along a continuous ramp punctuated by moments of rest in nature. The reading rooms, offices, labs and community rooms sometimes open toward the courtyard, sometimes open toward the outside city, and sometime open to both sides, creating different lighting conditions. The large trusses enable large span within the structure, allowing abundant natural light to light up the interior.
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Top:
SITE PLAN: Next to a park and the water front, the scheme tries to bring nature into the library
Left:
GROUND LEVEL PLAN The ground level serves as an active thoroughfare for people crossing the library, even without intending to go to the library
Top Right:
GROUND FLOOR ENTRY
Bottom Right: ENTRANCE LOBBY 62
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Left:
MODEL PHOTOS Trusses are the primary structural elements that enable the structure to have large span which in turn allow the library to have maximum transparency.
Right: EXPLODED DIAGRAM 65
TRANSVERSE SECTION 66
LONGITUDINAL SECTION 67
Above: CORNER LOUNGE Left: 68
5TH FLOOR PLAN
Above: GRAND READING ROOM Left: 69
7TH FLOOR PLAN
UNROLLED SECTION The sequence of programs is organized along the spiral. From the ground to the roof, the programs transition from more public to more private 70
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JUXTAPOSITION
Community Activity Center in East River Critic: Stephanie Lin
Situated inside the John V. Lindsay East River Park recreation Complex, the project site is a famous destination for people seeking outdoor activities. However, the site becomes less utilized or utterly abandoned when severe weather hits the New York City. Therefore, the project attempts to engage the existing infrastructure and further activate the site by introducing programs that are less constrained by the weather conditions. In order to cater to different demographics, the project not only introduces indoor sport facilities , but also brings in library and gallery programs to attract a wider audience and further activate the site. Contrasting the traditional arrangement of space where programs like library and gym are fully separated, all the programs within the structure are arranged within a long bar that are situated right next to each other. The thinness of the structure and the juxtaposition of distinct programs enable the creation of unusual interactions between spaces, which allows interesting spatial qualities and unique experiences to form.
AERIAL VIEW The thinness of the structure creates the illusion of floating on the water 74
1 2 2
3
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3
4 9
7 5
PLANS From left to right: Ground floor to top floor 1. Lobby 2. Bath Room 3. Changing Room 4. Pool 5. Gallery 6. Auditorium 7. Library 8. Gym
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9. Spa
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Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Top:
ELEVATION
Bottom: LONGITUDINAL SECTION 76
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
TRANSVERSE SECTIONS 77
Roof Top
Spa & Gym
Library
Spa & Gallery
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC 78
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ADVANCED CURTAIN WALLS
Double skin unitized curtain wall facade system Instructor: Robert Heintges
Road map
4-way joints 80
Typical Wall Section 81
Wall Section Render 82
Section Detail at Drop Ceiling
Section Detail at Parapet
Plan Detail at Vision Panel with Window Frame
Intermediate Plan Detail at Vision Panel with Window Frame
Section detail at Sill
Typical Plan Detail at Vision Panel
Typical Plan Detail at Spandrels Panel
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GREENPOINT THEATER
Theater Located in Greenpoint, Brooklyn In collaboration with Ben Gillies, Ilgar Tan, and Grace Ali The core concept of the theater design is to consolidate the service and serviced space, utilizing their differences and distinct needs to form a clear hierarchical relationship inside the theater. With service spaces and private spaces on two sides of the theater, the main performance space and group gathering areas in the middle can be more accessible to the public
Ground floor plan
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C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6
C.7
180'-0" 15'-8 3/4"
14'-3 3/8"
30'-0"
25'-9"
30'-0"
34'-3"
13'-6 3/8"
A
16'-5 5/8"
B
C
D
E
G
F
H
163'-6"
T.O. STRUCTURE HT:80'-0"
5'-8 3/4"
22'-0"
5'-0"
40'-0"
40'-0"
5'-0"
20'-0"
20'-0"
5'-9 3/8"
10'-0"
10'-0"
T.O. STRUCTURE HT:80'-0"
ROOF HT:70'-0"
20'-0"
20'-0"
ROOF HT:70'-0"
LEVEL 04 HT:50'-0"
LEVEL 03 HT:35'-0"
11'-0"
11'-0"
LEVEL 03 HT:35'-0"
LEVEL 02 EL: 24'-0"
19'-0" 19'-0"
LEVEL 1 EL: 5'-0" GRADE HT:0"
LEVEL 1 EL: 5'-0" GRADE HT:0"
5'-0"
5'-0"
19'-0"
LEVEL 02 EL: 24'-0"
SOUTH ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION
02 1/16" = 1'-0"
04 1/16" = 1'-0"
C.6
C.5
C.4
C.3
C.2
C.1
H
180'-0" 13'-3 7/8"
34'-3"
30'-0"
25'-9"
30'-0"
14'-5 7/8"
F
G 20'-0"
15'-6 1/4"
E
D
20'-0"
C
45'-0"
B
45'-0"
A 22'-0"
5'-8 3/4"
01 F-200
01
T.O. STRUCTURE HT:80'-0" 10'-0"
F-300
T.O. STRUCTURE HT:80'-0"
10'-0"
C.7
16'-8 1/8"
80'-0"
15'-0"
80'-0"
15'-0"
LEVEL 04 HT:50'-0"
ROOF HT:70'-0" 20'-0"
20'-0"
ROOF HT:70'-0"
15'-0"
LEVEL 03 HT:35'-0"
80'-0"
LEVEL 04 HT:50'-0"
80'-0"
15'-0"
LEVEL 04 HT:50'-0"
11'-0"
11'-0"
LEVEL 03 HT:35'-0"
LEVEL 02 EL: 24'-0"
5'-0"
5'-0"
LEVEL 1 EL: 5'-0" GRADE HT:0"
19'-0"
19'-0"
19'-0"
19'-0"
LEVEL 02 EL: 24'-0"
NORTH ELEVATION
LEVEL 1 EL: 5'-0" GRADE HT:0"
EAST ELEVATION
03 1/16" = 1'-0"
01 1/16" = 1'-0"
Elevations
C.1
T.1
C.2
T.2
T.3
C.3
T.4
T.5 C.4
T.6
T.7 C.5
T.8
T.9
C.6
T.10 T.11
C.7
180'-0" 30'-0"
30'-0"
25'-9"
30'-0"
34'-3"
30'-0"
10'-0"
T.O. STRUCTURE HT:80'-0"
ROOF HT:70'-0"
OUTDOOR TERRACE
EVENT SPACE 6,260 SF 35'-0"
1,332 SF
80'-0"
LEVEL 04 HT:50'-0"
BALCONY LEVEL 03 HT:35'-0"
EVENT SPACE
11'-0"
2,747 SF
9,689 SF
19'-0"
LEVEL 02 EL: 24'-0"
2,206 SF
TEMPORARY SEATING
MAIN LOBBY 3,391 SF
4,905 SF
LEVEL 1 EL: 5'-0" 5'-0"
MAIN STAGE
GRADE HT:0"
Longitudinal Section
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Entry Ceiling Details
Stage Ceiling Details
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Transparent facade details
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TECHNIQUES OF THE ULTRA-REAL Rendering of an artist retreat in California desert Instructor: Joseph Brennan
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SUPER TALL
Infographic for a Super-tall structure that focuses on building codes and life safety elements Instructor: Nicole Dosso
Toilet Exhaust Fan Roof Pumping Room Stair Pressurization Intake
Stair Pressurization Exhaust 62F MECHANICAL FLOOR Toilet Exhaust Stair Pressurization Shaft Stair Pressurization Relief
Fire Tank Room Fire Pump
Temporary Sprinkler Loop
Toilet
29F TYPICAL FLOOR
Tenant Generator & Flue Base Building Generator & Flue Emergency Generator & Exhaust
Stair Pressurization Shaft Exhaust
Lobby Supply & Return Exhausts Stair Transfer to Lobby
Lobby Supply & Return Intake
Fuel Old Riser Lobby Ceiling Supply & Return
Lobby Perimeter Heating Bollards
2F MECHANICAL FLOOR & LOBBY
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ARCHITECTURE PHOTOGRAPHY
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TIM HUITIAN ZHOU Columbia GSAPP 2017 - 2020