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architectural engineering timmy van den panhuyzen

Timmy Van den Panhuyzen e d u c at i o n

2019 - 2022 master of science architectural engineering Brussels, BE Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Université Libre de Bruxelles 2016 - 2019 bachelor of science architectural engineering Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, BE experience

2021 design project competition Proximus - ULB Brussels, BE 2nd place 2020 smart bike path design competition - BAM Brussels, BE 3rd place l a n g ua g e

dutch

native

english

very good

s o f t wa r e

timmy-vdp@hotmail.com

autocad sketchup

indesign photoshop

scia dialux

french

good

plan 1:200

plan

dormitorium

1:200

BACHE LOdormitorium R 2

2017 - 2018

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

design studio: heritage

448

uurplan 544

192

On the site of the Rood-Klooster, which connects to the Sonian Forest, the eighteenthsnedesThe new century dormitory gets a contemporary repurposing as averticale youth shelter. 1:200 program, the contemporary dormitorium iuventorum, focuses on organizing workshops with sleeping accommodation for groups with related functions. AA’This BB’ striking site has been protected as a monument since 1965, therefore a balance between new interventions on the one hand and the preservation of heritage values on the other was sought. 1100

eerste verdieping

268

263

281

125

188

407

1265

771

130

265

401

342

5896

301

192

268

263

125

188

407

1265

572

5896

544

771

192

268

263

125

188

130 407

265

401

342 1265

771

130

265

401

342

5896

voorplan in korte streepjes

pannen voorplan in korte streepjes

ponds lood (15 mm)

achterplan in lange streepjes

irichti

draa

ribbellood

achterplan in lange streepjes leien dakpannen panlatten (20 mm) tengellatten (20 mm) waterkerende folie dampopen ribbellood houtvezelplaat (10 mm)

irichti

1:200

leien dakpannen panlatten (20 mm) tengellatten (20 mm) waterkerende folie dampopen houtvezelplaat (10 mm) brandisolatiestroken vloerafwerking met epoxy resin (10 mm) gewapend dekvloer (70 mm) akoestische isolatie (15 mm) houten elementen dakoversteek OSB plaat (15 mm) afwerking dakoversteek houten vloerbalken (100x150mm) waartussen akoestische en thermische isolatie (150 mm) lattenwerk (20 mm) randbalk (25x15 mm) gipsplaten (15 mm)

+735.0 houten elementen dakoversteek afwerking dakoversteek

BB’

randbalk (25x15 mm)

vloerafwerking met epoxy resin (10 mm) gewapend dekvloer (70 mm) akoestische isolatie (15 mm) OSB plaat (15 mm) houten vloerbalken (100x150mm) waartussen akoestische en thermische isolatie (150 mm) lattenwerk (20 mm) gipsplaten (15 mm)

+735.0

AA’

brandisolatiestroken

+380.5

bestaand metselwerk (500 mm) dampopen houtvezelplaten (10 mm) thermische isolatie tussen stijl- en regelwerk (120 mm) gipsplaten (10 mm)

+380.5

een laag mortex (18 mm) houten liggers (150 mm)

-1.0

+380.5

bestaand metselwerk (500 mm) dampopen houtvezelplaten (10 mm) thermische isolatieresin tussen vloerafwerking met epoxy (10 stijlmm)en regelwerk (120 mm) gipsplaten gewapend dekvloer(10 (70mm) mm) PE folie drukvaste isolatieplaat (100 mm) PE folie uitvullaag (50 mm) betonnen vloerplaat (150 mm) PE folie volle grond

cellenbeton +0.0

-1.0

zandsteen tegels (30 mm) mortellijm gewapend dekvloer (50 mm) draineerlaag met waterafvoer funderingszool betonplaat (90 mm) drainerende laag steenslag (140 mm) volle grond

cellenbeton

vloerafwerking met epoxy resin (10 mm) gewapend dekvloer (70 mm) zandsteen tegels (30 mm) PE folie mortellijm drukvaste isolatieplaatgewapend (100 mm) dekvloer (50 mm) PE folie draineerlaag met waterafvoer uitvullaag (50 mm) betonplaat (90 mm) betonnen vloerplaat (150 mm) drainerende laag steenslag (140 mm) PE folie volle grond volle grond

+0.0 -1.0

dicht geplaatste damprem

brandisolatiestroken

vloerafwerking met epoxy resin (10 mm) gewapend dekvloer (70 mm) PE folie drukvaste isolatieplaat (100 mm) PE folie uitvullaag (50 mm) betonnen vloerplaat (150 mm) PE folie volle grond

cellenbeton +0.0

funderingszool

Timmy Van den Panhuyzen 2 Ba Ir Arch Ontwerpatelier: habitat en erfgoed Eindjury Prof dr. arch. Ann Veronck Arch. Evi Corne

bestaand metselwerk (500 mm) dampopen houtvezelplaten (10 mm) thermische isolatie tussen stijl- en regelwerk (120 mm) gipsplaten (10 mm)

bestaand metselwerk (500 mm) dampopen houtvezelplaten (10 mm) thermische isolatie tussen stijl- en regelwerk (120 mm) brandisolatiestroken gipsplaten (10 mm)

bestaand metselwerk (500 mm) dampopen houtvezelplaten (10 mm) thermische isolatie tussen stijl- en regelwerk (120 mm) gipsplaten (10 mm)

draineerlaag

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

funderingszool

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

lattenwerk (25 mm)

a Van Sande (15 mm) te gipsvezelplaat Cambier rancart

1:50

draa

irichti

draa

ribbellood

+735.0

omgeving

gipsplaten (10 mm) lattenwerk (25 mm) luchtdicht geplaatste damprem houten liggers waartussen dampopen isolatie (150 mm) lattenwerk (20 mm) gipsplaten (15 mm) bestaande dakspanten kepers (100 mm) winddichting en waterkerend membraan tengellatten (20 mm) panlatten (15 mm) leien dakpannen

verticale snedes achterplan in lange streepjes

houten elementen dakoversteek afwerking dakoversteek leien dakpannen panlatten (20 mm) randbalk (25x15 mm) tengellatten (20 mm) waterkerende folie dampopen houtvezelplaat (10 mm)

bestaand metselwerk (500 mm) dampopen houtvezelplaten (10 mm) thermische isolatie tussen stijl- en regelwerk (120 mm) gipsplaten (10 mm) zandsteen tegels (30 mm) mortellijm gewapend dekvloer (50 mm) draineerlaag met waterafvoer betonplaat (90 mm) drainerende laag steenslag (140 mm) volle grond

technische verticale snede aa’

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

gipsplaten (10 mm) lattenwerk (25 mm) luchtdicht voorplan in kortegeplaatste streepjes damprem houten liggers waartussen dampopen isolatie (150 mm) lattenwerk (20 mm) gipsplaten (15 mm) bestaande dakspanten ponds lood (15 mm) kepers (100 mm) winddichting en waterkerend membraan tengellatten (20 mm) gipsplaten (10 mm) panlatten (15 mm) lattenwerk mm) leien (25 dakpannen luchtdicht geplaatste damprem houten liggers waartussen dampopen isolatie (150 mm) lattenwerk (20 mm) gipsplaten (15 mm) bestaande dakspanten kepers (100 mm) winddichting en waterkerend membraan tengellatten (20 mm) panlatten (15 mm) leien dakpannen

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

ponds lood (15 mm)

draineerlaag

omgeving draineerlaag

Timmy Van den Panhuyzen 2 Ba Ir Arch Ontwerpatelier: habitat en erfgoed Eindjury Prof dr. arch. Ann Veronck Arch. Evi Corne

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2018 - 2019

B A C H E LO R

design studio: city & structure

In the first semester, a city block near the commercial street Meir in Antwerp (Belgium) is analysed and adapted to the needs of the neighbourhood. In the second semester, one of the buildings of the redesigned city block is further developed and detailed. Aspects such as volumetry, supporting structure, accessibility, flexibility in layout/plan set-up, materials choice, facade principles, etc.are taken into account during the design process.

PRODUCED BY AN PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+0.50

+0.67

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+0.50 +12.88

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+6.74

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Julina Spinoy, Louisa Contipelli, Eva Vangansbeke, Timmy Van den Panhuyzen Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ingenieurswetenschappen: Architectuur, Ontwerpatelier 3 Ba: Stad en Structuur, 2018-2019. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Haike Apelt, Arch. Stefan Braun.

PLANFRAGMENT schaal: 1/50

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+0.67 +0.67

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+0.50 +0.50

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+0.00

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+0.55

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+3.74

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

67 +0.PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2019 - 2020

MAS TE R

sustainable design studio The project is situated in Heizel at the northern gate. The project is composed of three main parts: the cultural centre, the housing, and the offices. The cultural centre, a social heart for the community, is situated in the lower part of the building. It is not only focused on functions but also on encouraging social interaction. The windows inside of the cultural centre allow people to view activities from outside, increasing curiosity. The office building is connected with the cultural centre by means of a bridge. In this way, several spaces are shared with the office building in order to utilize the spaces as much as possible. Along the street, the façade creates a warm, calm feeling due to the composition of light coloured panels and wooden vertical cladding.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

wind screen in western facade dakbekleding 20 mm regelwerk 32 x 32 mm damwandplaat 30 mm waterkerende folie 2 mm winddichte dampopen houtvezelplaat 20 mm isolatiemateriaal tussen kepers 40 mm isolatiemateriaal tussen ggordingen 120 mm luchtdichte dampremmende folie 2 mm lattenwerk 32 mm gipskartonplaat + pleisterwerk 12 mm

vertical louvers as a shading device

20 mm 32 x 32 mm 32 x 32 mm 2 mm 20 mm 40 mm 120 mm 20 mm 2 mm 22 mm 12 mm

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

reclaimed wooden cladding

gevelsteen 2 cm vezelcementplaat en mortel 1,5 cm spouw en aluminium achterconstructie 2 cm isolatie rotswol 10 cm betonwand 15 cm pleisterwerk 2 cm

DETAILS FACADE 1/10 0

50 cm

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

wind shed

rainwater collection

double skin in W&S

constructed wetland: biological purfication of grey water

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

wooden panels, demountable

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

building circular

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

gevelbekleding dubbel lattenwerk waterkerende folie winddicht houtvezelplaat isolatiemateriaal tussen houten latten isolatiemateriaal tussen houten liggers OSB plaat luchtdichte folie isolatiemateriaal tussen regelwerk gipskartonplaat + pleisterwerk

solar energy

2019 - 2020





MAS TE R 1

parametric design

For this course, a mountable and dismountable structure that should be fitted in a luggage is designed for an event, exhibition etc. This design is made out of three types of modules. Each module consists of equilateral triangles which can be stacked on top of each other. Playing with these modules, any randomized shape is realizable. By filling the structure with colourful, acoustic panels, a space for a more private talk is created. The design was done by using Rhino and Grasshopper.

                     



  

  

 





 

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   

2019 - 2020

the figures show the sequences of how the shape is formed via Grasshopper.

MASTER 1

This design is made in the context of the course Spatial structures: design and analysis. The typology of spatial structure is a bending-active grid shell. By using parametric tools like RhinoVault and Grasshopper, the spatial structure is designed. LIGHTWEIGHTchosen STRUCTURES Afterwards, the structural analysis of the structure under specific load conditions is executed by using the plug-in Karamba3D. These After experimenting, the final shape of the surface isstructural found, asinsights seen inare Fig.then 7 (a). Afterwards, used to optimize the design of the grid shell. The final design is furthermore 3D printed on a small scale. Figure 6: Sequences of the final shape.

spatial the grid, which isdesign based on a Voronoi diagram, is projected on the surface, Fig. 7 (b) . Finally,

types of lightweight structures arenot being taught to our Professors the arches were converted Different to straight lines as arches are accepted in students Karamba, seen in in the courses ‘Form-active structures’ and ‘Spatial Structures’. DuringareMarijke Mollaert Fig. 7 (c). This last model is then baked in Rhino and the beams to the ground adjusted lectures and workshops, they learn the design and development of a whole Lars De Laet in a better way. used for structural analysis via Karamba. range of structural typologies, as well as the structural behaviour of these constructions. Examples of lightweight structures that are being studied are membrane structures, pneumatic structures, domes, compression-only structures, fabric formwork, bending-active structures, gridshells, etc. After a semester of theory, exercises and workshops dedicated to these specific structural typologies, the students get the opportunity to design and

Students’ projects: Left Form-active structures Rebecca Van Daelen

Assistants Ineke Tavernier Aurélie Van Wylick

Right Spatial Structures Top

Maarten Van Craenenbroeck

analyse a membrane structure (Bachelor) or one type of spatial structure (Master) for their final task. The design has to meet the requirements involved with the typology, function and location, which are chosen by the student. TheFigure structure is then analytically 1 Top viewanalysed of structure on theand/or hill numerically. This analysis has to prove that the student understands the structural behaviour of his/ her own design. This structural insight is a crucial element in the interactive design process of such structures. In addition, the student uses this analysis to dimension the structural design.

Julina Spinoy & Olivia Van Goethem Bottom Timmy Van den Panhuyzen & Sofie Vandermeeren

Figure 7: Grid shell.

Figure 2 Perspective view and use

LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES

2020 - 2021

MAS TE R

advanced design studio

For this design studio course, the train station of Etterbeek, an important intermodal node in the Brussels network of public transport, is redesigned in order to satisfy the new requirements. The student engages in reflecting on the meaning of future transportation nodes in contemporary urban life, reflecting on what a train station should be, what functions it should offer, and how it should function. Furthermore, the question rises how a train station should present itself towards the city, and what ‘façade’ it needs along the rail tracks. The goal was to incorporate the existing historic heritage in the new design to form a contemporary train station rooted in history.

2020 - 2021

MAS TE R

master thesis

self-healing concrete with the use of fungi It has been known that worldwide infrastructure has suffered from degradation. One of the main issues is crack formation, an inherent flaw of concrete. Cracks in concrete can be harmful for instance to the steel reinforcement due to the entrance of aggressive components, such as chloride ions, causing corrosion and consequently a decreased service life. Therefore, concerns towards the durability have raised within the last two decades, which encouraged researchers to investigate the self-healing techniques of concrete. One of these approaches is the use of microorganisms through the precipitation of calcium carbonate. The microbial approach has so far been restricted to the bacteria. Recently, fungi have also shown to be potent candidates for selfhealing concrete, however, they remain unexplored in concrete. The research of this master thesis explores the potent candidate Trichoderma reesei in the alkaline environment of concrete. Although it has shown its ability of precipitating calcium carbonate, it is known that this fungus favors a more acidic pH and consequently their growth is rather impaired in the alkaline environment. To promote the fungal growth, different feeding substrates and solutions are investigated. For the first time, fungal spores are also added to the mix of cement. Furthermore, the precipitation of calcium carbonate by Trichoderma reesei is examined. microbiology

material sciences

Sphere-shapedSphere-shaped crystals crystals

Needle-like crystals Needle-like crystals Hyphae

m

Hyphae Needles on hyphae Needles on hyphae

m

Sphere-shapedSphere-shaped crystals crystals

m

engineering Weddellite a.

Weddellite

Interlayers of concentric Interlayers of concentric spherical needles spherical needles Hyphae 10

m

Hyphae

Radiating needle-like crystals Radiating needle-like crystals

m

7. off a. Scraping off oftheMEA surface of MEA b. of Preparation of thedishes MEA Petri dishes forT.harvesting T. reesei spores. Figure 7. a. Figure Scraping the surface b. Preparation the MEA Petri for harvesting reesei spores.

Figure 42. SEM of samples taken from taken cement mixed with mixed calcium lactate and lactate cotton and + breadcrumbs: showing showing Figureimages 42. SEM images of samples from cement with calcium cotton + breadcrumbs: the sphere-shaped cyrstals. Barcyrstals. markerBar = 10marker micrometer. the sphere-shaped = 10 micrometer.

4.4 Preparation of cement 4.4 Preparation of cement

5.7.2.35.7.2.3 Chemical characterisation Chemical characterisation

For the preparation ofpaste cement paste (a of mixture water and cement), four different For the preparation of cement (a mixture water of and cement), four different types ofare cement these are determined by their composition, types of cement used.are Allused. these All types aretypes determined by their composition, which which briefly summarized 1. The numbers and the letter N are, is brieflyissummarized in Tablein1.Table The numbers 32.5 and32.5 52.5and and52.5 the letter N are, respectively, associated with the strength and theintitial normalstrength intitial strength [34], respectively, associated with the strength class andclass the normal [34], which areimportance not of importance in thisThe thesis. The most important which are not of in this thesis. most important aspect ofaspect these of these cement types is that when lower content of Portland clinker is present, there is less cement types is that when lower content of Portland clinker is present, there is less presentthe during thehydration. cement hydration. related to the formation Ca(OH)2Ca(OH) present2during cement Ca(OH)2Ca(OH) is related the formation 2 isto

SamplesSamples were extracted from cement with mycelium and spores the FTIR were extracted from covered cement covered with mycelium andfor spores for the FTIR -1 analysis.analysis. Three main and871 711and cm 711 ), characteristic of calcium Threepeaks main (1416, peaks 871 (1416, cm-1), characteristic of calcium carbonate, were detected (see Annex this could related to the to the carbonate, were detected (see D.2). AnnexHowever, D.2). However, thisbecould be related carbonation of cement. [74] carbonation of cement. [74] 5.7.3 5.7.3 Summary Summary

the art).the When art).zooming When zooming in further in (Figure further (Figure 56.f), it56.f), seemed it seemed that there that was there a hypha was a hypha pentetrating pentetrating in one of inthe onecrystals. of the crystals. A half-sphere A half-sphere shaped shaped crystal with crystal a central with a hole central hole was alsowas observed also observed indicating indicating the fungal theinvolvement. fungal involvement. However, However, the hypha thewas hypha notwas not seen, but seen, as the butsphere-shaped as the sphere-shaped crystal seemed crystal seemed to be broken, to be broken, the hyphae the hyphae might be might as be as well broken well (for broken instance (for instance due to the duevacuum to the vacuum of SEM).of SEM). b.

F F Sphere-shapedSphere-shaped crystals crystals i i g g u u r r Sphere-shapedSphere-shaped crystals crystals Hyphae between Hyphae crystals between crystals e e 5 5 6 6 10 m 10 m . . a a d. d. c. c. F F F FCrystalline materials Crystalline materials i i i i g g g g u u u u r r r r Plate-like crystals Plate-like crystals e e e e 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 Rhombohedral Rhombohedral crystals crystals 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m . . . . af. af. ae. ae. FF FF F F Hyphae penetrating Hyphae penetrating Hyphae Hyphae ii ii i i Corn granules Corn granules gg gg g g uu uu u u rr rr r r Sphere-shapedSphere-shaped crystals crystals ee ee e e Half sphere-shaped Half sphere-shaped crystal crystal 55 55 5 5 with a central hole with a central hole Polyhedral crystals Polyhedral crystals 66 66 6 6 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m .. .. . . aa 56. Figure aa immersed acement. Figure Corn 56. Corn in immersed calcium in lactate calcium in the lactate vicinity in the of acement. vicinity ofBar markerBar = 10marker micrometer. = 10 micrometer. F F F F i i i i Atgthe interface Atgthe interface of cement of cement and brewery and brewery yeast, yeast, crystals crystals were observed were observed g sphere-shaped g sphere-shaped in uthe hyphal in uthe network hyphal network (Figure(Figure 57.a). Interestingly, 57.a). in Figure 57.b, a thick 57.b, layer a thick of layer of u Interestingly, uin Figure presumably presumably was formed was around formed aaround hypha, awhich hypha, may which suggest may suggest that the that hypha the hypha r r mineralsminerals r r had been had acted been as acted a nucleation as a nucleation site for site crystal for growth. crystal growth. This was This also was demonstrated also demonstrated e e e e by5 Pasquale by5 Pasquale et al. in et which al. in the which hyphae the 5hyphae of Plectosphaerella 5of Plectosphaerella cucumerina cucumerina was was 6 6by mineral 6(calcite). thickened thickened by mineral precipitation precipitation (calcite). [87] 6Moreover, [87] Moreover, it appeared it appeared that thethat the . . forming . the hyphae . the hyphae hypha was hypha was forming spheres.spheres. Furthermore, Furthermore, were also were growing also growing from from a a a and exhibited a similar morphologies brewerybrewery yeast toyeast the surface to the surface of cement of cement and exhibited similar morphologies as in theas in the images of images corn (Figure of corn (Figure 56). 56).

BREWERY YEAST BREADCRUMBS BREWERY YEAST BREADCRUMBS CORN

OAT

CORN

OAT

BARLEY

g breadcrumbs g 15+ g15corn + 2 g+ 15 g H210 2 g+ 10 g H10 10 g brewery yeast 10 g yeast10 10 +g 15 breadcrumbs g + 15 g15H2gOcorn O +g 2oatg + 10 g H 102Og +oat 2 g + 1510 g Hg 2barley O + 2 g+ 15 g H2O + 2 g 10 g+ brewery + 10 g 2O g+ barley CEM CEM CEM CEM H2O + 2 g CEM H2O + 2 g CEM H2O + 2 g CEM H2O + 2 g CEM CEM CEM

# g CEMENT

15+ g10corn + 2 g+ 10 g H210 10 g brewery yeast 10 g yeast10 O +g 2oatg + 10 g H g breadcrumbs g 5 g+ 10 g H10 g Hg 2barley O + 2 g+ 10 g H2O + 2 g 10 g+ brewery + 10 g 10 +g 10 breadcrumbs g + 10 g15H2gOcorn 102Og +oat 5 g + 1010 2O g+ barley CEM H2O + 5 g CEM H2O + 5 g CEM H2O + 2 g CEM H2O + 2 g CEM CEM CEM CEM CEM CEM

15+ g15corn + 5 g+ 10 g H10 barley g Hg 2barley O + 5 g+ 15 g H2O + 5 g 10 g brewery yeast 15 g yeast10 5 g + 15 g H g breadcrumbs g 10+g15 g H210 10 g+ brewery + 15 g 2O g+ oat 10 +g 15 breadcrumbs g + 10 g15H2gOcorn 102Og +oat O +g 10 g + 1510 CEM CEM CEM CEM H2O + 10 g CEMH2O + 10 g CEM H2O + 10 g CEMH2O + 10 g CEM CEM CEM

+ 10+g10 g H25O g+ oat 15+g10 g H2O10+g15barley 5 g brewery yeast5 g+ brewery 10 g H 2Oyeast +510 10 g+ 10 g H52Og +oat g + 2010 g breadcrumbs g H 2O g Hg 2barley O + 10+ 20 g H2O + 10 g H 2O 5 +g 10 breadcrumbs +1010ggcorn H 2O + 10 g10H2gOcorn CEM CEM + 10 g CEM + 10 g CEM CEM CEM + 10 g CEM + 10 g CEM g CEM g CEM

Figure 47. Figure An overview the nutrients breadcrumbs, corn, oat and barley) mixed withmixed cementwith andcement and 47. Anofoverview of the(brewery nutrientsyeast, (brewery yeast, breadcrumbs, corn, oat and barley) water. Bestwater. resultsBest wereresults observed brewery in yeast, cornyeast, and oat. wereinobserved brewery corn and oat.

6.3.1.26.3.1.2 Morphological characterisation Morphological characterisation SamplesSamples were extracted from thefrom Petrithe dishes arethat indicated with a cross the in the were extracted Petrithat dishes are indicated with in a cross overview (see Figure 47 for the Some ofSome the surfaces of brewery yeast and overview (see Figure 47crosses). for the crosses). of the surfaces of brewery yeast and cement cement were almost completely colonized by mycelium, see Figure 48. With were almost completely colonized by mycelium, see Figure 48. With regards regards to corn,toFigure 49.a reveals a hyphal network appearing like a mycelial corn, Figure 49.a reveals a hyphal network appearing like a mycelial cord on cord the corn granules and cement. On someOn other locations, a dense aintensity of on the corn granules and cement. some other locations, dense intensity of spores was observed (Figure(Figure 49.b). The image on the cover page of page this of this spores was observed 49.b). Thedisplayed image displayed on the cover master thesis alsowas taken this sample. The mycelium in oat (Figure 50) masterwas thesis alsofrom taken from this sample. The mycelium in oat (Figure 50) exhibited a similara structure as in brewery yeast. Interestingly, on someon locations of exhibited similar structure as in brewery yeast. Interestingly, some locations of the mycelial mats, clusters of particles appeared to be entwined by hyphae. It is the mycelial mats, clusters of particles appeared to be entwined by hyphae. It is unclear unclear whetherwhether these clusters of particles are crystals precipitated by T. reesei these clusters of particles are crystals precipitated by T.asreesei as