FAT
HEAVYSET
rotund
plump
stout
chunky
FAT
Text composed by Tina Mukherjee using multiple sources including Fat: The Anthropology of an Obsession by Don Kulick and Anne Meneley.
fat is a three - letter word
larded with meaning. Those meanings are complex; fat can signify a lot of different things to a lot of different people. It can refer to a substance or a food. It can be a description of someone’s body. It can be an allusion to something good, or something bad.
Microscopic view of fat
Different magazine covers
hour glass
The United States produces
1.2 billion lbs. of butter each year. Americans consume more than
more than 5 lbs. of butter per person per year. By law, butter must have a fat content of at least 80%.
fat (fætt) FLABBY TISSUE WEALTHY WELL-FED OILY OR GREASY MATTER
IMPOTENT LAZY LAZY
ABNORMAL
MORALLY DEVIANT
fat city a condition of great prosperity or good fortune
Dubai Burj Al Arab Hotel
the tone with which the word fat is uttered
is often concerned, ashamed, alarmist, or condemnatory. Fat, we are told relentlessly, is bad. Say the word fat out loud in public and you will likely get a reaction. Anyone overhearing you may look away, cringing from what they may hear as a searing appraisal of their own physique. Or they might look around, curious to spot the fattie you must have in sight. Or they might look right at you, shushing you as if it were impolite to even mention the word in public.
FAT IS UNHEALTHY
FAT IS UNAESTHETIC
FAT MAKES YOU LAZY
FAT LEADS TO PUBLIC RIDICULE
bob A fat woman “Big Ol’ Bitch”
Rosie O’Donnoll
WE NEED FAT
It makes up part of our brain. It protects some of our joints. It provides reserves for when we are sick.
FAT PROVIDES TWICE AS MUCH
ENERGY THAN CARBS AND PROTEIN
Tweets from users relating to fat
fat is spoken about constantly. yet, it is
only ever spoken about in one way: in disgusted tones and with appalled inflections. Fat of all kinds is detested: greasy food, oily hair, a fat women on the subway, plump thighs–all are objects of horror. Fat is also more than just external, its the idea that it harbors inside one’s own body. The fat is in there somewhere, nesting, malevo lent, biding its time.
A post from aby tumblr user A post on Tumblr a user
fat chance Little or no chance
Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s The Bathers 1887
“I’m fat. I need to purge now.” — Tumblr User
“It’s not a party ‘til the fat girls get here?” — Tumblr User
Igor Grabar’s The Fat Women 1904
“I feel like a fat whale.” — Tumblr User
Peter Paul Ruben’s Bathsheba at the Fountain c.1635
Édouard Manet’s Olympia 1863
“I'm too fat to leave the house.” — Tumblr User
Twitter hash tags
Each year in the U.S., more
1.7 billion lbs. of bacon are consumed in the food ser-
than
vice, which is equivalent to the weight of 8 1/2 Nimitz class aircraft carriers.
Vogue March 2012 cover of the artist Adele
‘fatness’ – a derogatory term – is a social phenomenon, an illness as much as a disease. These words did not enter the language unprompted. They mirrored the growth of the diet, fashion, and media industries and the expanding middle-class preoccupations with self-restraint, morality, and control.
Diet advertisements from the 50’s
PLUS-SIZED
American Apparel plus-size model contest called “The Next Big Thing� winner Nancy Upton who submitted photos such as this to show how offensive the contest was to plus-size women.
New York magazine cover of Christina Hendricks
BBW big beautiful woman
Advertisements against obesity
Billboards against fat
buxom
the designation of overweight or obese goes
to the core of a person’s identity. To be overweight is to be, by definition, abnormal or different. By calling people “overweight” or “obese,” we are not simply delineating them by their body mass, but we are relegating them to the margins of society. Such labels also become internalized, leading to the belief that something is wrong, or that behaviors must change in order to meet a particular physical ideal. Ultimately, a fit body is no longer viewed as a personal choice but as an obligation to the public good and a requirement for good citizenry.
A picture posted on tumblr by a user
Kirstie Alley is now better known for her weight loss struggle than her once acting career.
Barbie vs. Real women
The body has become a ‘project’ to be worked on and accomplished as a fundamental aspect of the individuals self identity.
Posts from tumblr users of being too fat
fatist A person who doesnt like people who are fat
On 60 Minutes, Vogue editor, Anna Wintour, openly said she hates fat people.
well-padded
although being fat does not necessarily kill
you, it increases the risk that you will suffer from nasty diseases and die early. Women who are just overweight have a risk five times higher than the average of developing type II diabetes. Women who are severely obese have a risk more than 50 times higher. Obesity is implicated in cancer: a recent study in America showed that 14% of cancer deaths in men and 20% in women could be attributed to it. And being overweight is one of the main causes of heart disease, the world’s biggest cause of death, above wars, malaria, AIDS, or any of the other more spectacular killers.
Rapper Big Pun who passed away at the age of 28 of a heart attack and respiratory failure. At the time of his death he weighed 698lbs.
80% of type II diabetes is related to obesity
70% of Cardiovascular disease is related to obesity
42% of cancers diagnosed are among obese individuals
30% of gall bladder surgeries are related to obesity
Most studies show an increase in mortality rates associated with obesity. Individuals who are obese have a significantly increased risk of death from all causes, compared with healthy weight individuals (BMI 18.5 to 24.9).
Full body scans of an obese person and of a normal weight person.
PROGRESSION OF OBESITY (BMI)
AMONG U.S. ADULTS 1991 — 2010
Data collected by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention
Microscopic view of fat
58 Million Overweight; 40 Million Obese; 3 Million morbidly Obese 8 out of 10 over 25’s Overweight
The 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
78% of Americans are not meeting basic activity level recommendations
25% are completely Sedentary
Cost Burden of Obesity-Related Conditions to Society and Health Industry
Heart Disease1
$8.8
$21.2
Osteoarthritis2
$3.4
Gallbladder Disease3
Type 2 Diabetes
$98
$4.1
Hypertension4 0
20
40
60
80
100
number in billions
1
17% of the total direct cost of heart disease, independent of stroke
2
Direct cost: $5.3 billion; Indirect cost: $15.9 billion
3
Direct cost: $3.2 billion; Indirect cost: $187 million
4
Direct cost: $4.1 billion - 17% of the total cost of hypertension
Statistics collected by the Get America Fit Foundation
fat cat Someone who is ostentatiously and smugly wealthy
Bill Gates
most foods contain several different kinds
of fat, and some are better for your health than others are. You don’t need to completely eliminate all fat from your diet. In fact, some fats actually help promote good health. But it’s wise to choose the healthier types of dietary fat, and then enjoy them — in moderation.
Saturated fat raises total blood cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, which can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease.
This is a type of fat that comes mainly from animal sources of food.
SATURATED FAT
Research studies show that synthetic trans fat can increase unhealthy LDL cholesterol and lower healthy high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. This can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease.
TRANS FAT This is a type of fat that occurs naturally in foods from animals.
Evidence shows that eating foods rich in polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) improves blood cholesterol levels, which can decrease your risk of heart disease.
This is a type of fat found in a variety of foods and oils.
POLYUNSATURATED FAT
Studies show that eating foods rich in monounsaturated fats (MUFAs) improves blood cholesterol levels.
MONOUNSATURATED FAT This is a type of fat found mostly in plant-based foods and oils.
Suctioned fatty tissue
fat is of ten a positively valued substance .
It can be lovingly cherished olive oil. It can symbolize belonging, in the form of Spam. It can evoke nostalgia for the good old days, as thinly sliced lard. Or it can be savored as a naughty moment of indulgence when, like whipped cream, it is spritzed on top of a cup of coffee. Fat bodies, too, are not always stigmatized. In hip-hop or pornography, fat bodies are objects of adulation.
Americans consume 2.8 billion pounds of chocolate each year at the rate
11.7 pounds per person a year. of
OW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW
SS FAT
LESS FAT LESS FAT
LESS FAT
LESS FAT
LESS FAT LESS FAT
T FREE
FAT FREE FAT FREE FAT FREE FAT FREE
FAT FREE
FAT FREE FAT FREE
LESS FAT
HT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIG
EDUCED FAT REDUCED FAT REDUCED FAT
RED
REDUCED FAT REDUCED FAT RED
ONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT N
W SATURATED FAT LOW SATURATED FAT LOW SATURATED FAT LOW SATURATED FAT T
NS FAT-FREE TRANS FAT-FREE
TRANS FAT-FREE
TRANS FAT-FREE LOW SATUARATEDF
GAR FREE SUGAR FREE SUGAR FREE SUGAR FREE
T
/2 FAT
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
1
SUGAR FREE SUGAR FREE SUG /2 FAT
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
1
1
HT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIG
DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET D
FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW FAT LOW F
L
S FAT
LESS FAT LESS FAT
LESS FAT
LESS FAT
LESS FAT LESS FAT
FREE
FAT FREE FAT FREE FAT FREE FAT FREE
FAT FREE
FAT FREE FAT FREE F
LESS FAT
LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGH
UCED FAT REDUCED FAT REDUCED FAT
RED
REDUCED FAT REDUCED FAT REDU
FAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NONFAT NO
SATURATED FAT LOW SATURATED FAT LOW SATFAT LOW SATURATED FAT LOW SATUR
S FAT-FREE TRANS FAT-FREE
TRANS FAT-FREE
TRANS FAT-FREE TRANS FAT-FREE
R FREE SUGAR FREE SUGAR FREE SUGAR FREE /2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
SUGAR FREE SUGAR FREE SUGA /2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2 FAT
1
/2
1
LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT LIGHT
DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIE
W FAT LESS FAT
FAT FREE GHT LIGHT
DUCED FAT
one of the most powerful social forces in
the promotion of thinness in Western society TRANS FAT-FREE is the diet industry. Books, slimming plans FAT and diet foods are all sold to a public which GAR FREE ‘‘feels fat’’. Of course, a proportion of that 1 /2 FAT public is overweight, to a degree that will imGHT LIGHT DIET pact on their health. However, many more FAT people diet that need to do so for health reaLESS FAT sons, and most do so for aesthetic reasons.
NONFAT
FAT FREE
HT LIGHT CED FAT
ONFAT
RATED FAT
AR FREE
FAT LIGHT T
ET
Food labels
Book titles with the word fat
OBESITY OFTEN REQUIRES LONG-TERM TREATMENT TO PROMOTE AND SUSTAIN WEIGHT LOSS.
21st century diet advertisements
Advertisement of the product Baby Phat
phat cool; attractive; having large buttocks
fat seeped i n to h i p - ho p cultur e th rough
the music industry. Two different letters that letter f. While ‘phat’ is commonly used to describe attractive women, the actual fatness of rappers such as Heavy D, Biggie Smalls, the Boo-Yaa T.R.I.B.E., Fat Joe, and Big Pun lend the original word more of a male connotation.
Obese Hip-Hop artist album covers
Americans e a t more than 2 tons o f f re n c h f ri e s each year. That’s 16 pounds of french fries per person. McDonalds sells more than 1/3 of all the French fries sold in restaurants in the U.S. each year.
the subculture of hip - hoppers adheres to a
very different aesthetic. Many famous rappers who lead hip-hop style are overweight, and even obese. They often proudly proclaim their size in the names they adopt: Notorious B.I.G., Heavy D, Fat Joe, Large Professor, the Fat Boys, and Pudgee Tha Phat Bastard. They refer to themselves in songs as “overweight lover,” “Big Daddy,” “heavyweight Bronx champ.” Largeness is equated in album and song titles like Livin’ Large, Big Tyme, and Big Poppa. Then there’s the FatBeats record company, a hip-hop magazine called X XL, and the hip-hop fashion houses Baby Phat.
Record Studio called Obese Records
FAT JOE FAT PAT
AT RAY
LIP
FAT JON
FORMER FAT BROTHERS
LAZY FAT PEOPLE
FREDDY
FAT BOYS FAT F
FAT BELLY
FAT JON
FAT FAMILY
FAT WILLY
FAT BEAT S FAT CAP
B
FAT SAM FAT BASTARD DST FAT BOI MARV
AT AL FAT JACK & MASCARIA
O PHAT
LADI PHAT
THE PHAT SWEDE
FAT MAN XXL
PHAT PHAT PHAT J
F
L
PHAT KEV
PHAT NITTI
PH
FREDDYS DROP FAT B.
FAT PIMP
FAT LESS
SOUNDSYSTEM
BACON FAT
FAT BASTARD FAT
FAT LARRY’S BAND
FAT LI
FAT PAT
FAT F
FAT SWAZY
99% FAT
FAT FACE
FAT HAYDEN
FAT BOI & MONEY FAT MAN MATTHEWS
LIL PHAT
PHAT KAT
THE PHAT ONE
HAT TURNER
PHAT TUNES
PHAT FRED
PHAT GUY ACID
FAT A
PHAT SO P
THE PHAT MACK PHAT LIFTY
Artist names with the word ‘FAT’
PH
SIDE A
1. Big Fat 2. Big Fat Bass 3. Big Fat Money 4. Daddy Fat Sax 5. Fat 6. Fat Bottomed Girls 7. Fat Boy 8. Fat Girl 9. Fat Girl Rodeo 10. Fat Gym Riot 11. Fat Hungry Bitch 12. Fat Lip 13. Fat Mama 14. Fat Man 15. Fat Man In The Bathtub 16. Fat Spliffs 17. Fat Violent Dykes 18. Little Fat Baby 19. Ms. Fat Booty 20. Staying Fat 21. Teleporting Fat Guy 22. The Fat Boys Are Back 23. Too Fat Too Fly 24. Phat Like That 25. The Phat Track 26. Phat Punani 27. Phat Marshmellow 28. Phat Peace 29. Phat with a PHD 30. Phat not Flat
31. Phat Knickers 32. Too Phat Blues 33. Phat Dope Shit 34. Phat to Def 35. Phat Controller 36. Phat Electro 37. Ass so Phat 38. Gimme Phat Pussy 39. Phat Planet 40. That’s Phat 41. Phat Pig Phong 42. Phat City Hustler 43. P.H.A.T. 44. Phat Laces 45. Phat Booty 46. Yo Mamma’s so Phat 47. Big Phat Fish 48. Phat Rabbit 49. Subcutaneous Phat 50. The Phat pack 51. Phat Lines 52. Phat 53. Phat si 54. Phat Pum Pum 55. Phat Sack 56. The Phat Kat Ride 57. Phat (‘N’ all dat) 58. Roll ‘em Phat 59. Phat Black Women 60. As Phat as it Gets
SIDE B
61. Phat Shield 62. Phat Laces 63. Big Phat Fish 64. Phat Bottom tuba 65. Phat Black Women 66. The Phat Track 67. Lom Phat 68. Phat Booty 69. Phat City 70. Phat Electro 71. Phat Punani 72. Phat Marshmallow 73. Phat Bass 74. Phat not flat 75. Phat like that 76. Phat Planet 77. Phat with a PHD 78. Phat Beats 79. Phat knickers 80. Thats Phat 81. Too Phat Blues 82. Phat Dope Shit 83. Phat Controller 84. Incredible Phat 85. Phat Nugs 86. Ass so phat 87. My hoes phat 88. We come phat 89. Gimme phat pussy 90. Professor Pork Phat
91. Phat to def 92. Phat as 93. Phat Bach 94. Phat Packer 95. Phat-Lag 96. Phat-U-Lust 97. Mr. Phat 98. Phat Rat Christmas 99. Phat Modulator 100. Phat Albert Skit 101. Phat Katz 102. Dis Phat 103. Planet of Phat 104. Duc Phat 105. Phat Chad 106. Phat Phunky Bubbles 107. Lom Phat Lom PLay 108. Phat Certain Phat 109. How You So Phat 110. Phat Cheay 111. Phat Sushi 112. Phat Back Girls 113. Phat A55 114. Phat Chance 115. Phat Tape 116. Phat Beat Drop 117. Phat Ambience 118. Phat Style 119. Phat Bumper 120. Phat Team Track names with the word fat
fat-ass An overweight person
Advertisement for the rapper Nelly’s clothing line
Youtube video titles with the word ‘FAT’ in it
in many parts of the world , fat foods and
fat bodies are the provenance of the rich; in contemporary North America, they have become symbolic of the poor. Fatness is the evidence of the growing moral degeneration of America: the fact that we are getting fatter only shows that we are getting lazier, and more lustful.
f at i s a s u b s ta n c e ; i t i s
tangible and physical, to be sure. It exists in food, and it accumulates on bodies. But it isn’t just a chemical or biological fact. It is also a supremely cultural fact.
emily brick, 22
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Animal fat, the thing we eat. Tasty.”
Steven Shecora, 24
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Not in shape. Muffin top. Love handles. Double Chin. Me.”
Kate Greener, 21
What does the word fat mean to you?
“It’s a state of mind.”
Erica Peterson, 21
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Really annoying girls throwing up at prom from taking too many diet pills.�
Angela Iannarelli, 22
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Fabulous.”
Nancy Jesionowski, 62
What does the word fat mean to you?
“The extra pounds I’ve seemed to gain as I got older.”
JARRETT COURTNEY, 24
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Cool. PHAT.”
Austin Divello, 26
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Disgusting. Putrid. Lazy. Excuses. That about sums it up.”
Joe Granato, 23
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Food. Lots of food. The idea of eating too much. It’s more than a body type.”
Blaire Monroe, 22
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Unappealing things.”
Minji Kwon, 22
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Jiggle. Wobble, wobble.”
Anonymous, 22
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Yuck.”
Cindy Allen, 54
What does the word fat mean to you?
“The word is hurtful. Almost degrading.”
DONALD SWAIN, 21
What does the word fat mean to you?
“Anyone who weighs over 300lbs.”
John Barnett, 22
What does the word fat mean to you?
“I don’t know. It depends how and where you use it.”
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44. Igor Grabar. The fat women. N.d. Painting. Wiki paintingsWeb. <http://uploads4.wikipaintings.org/im ages/igor-grabar/the-fat-women.jpg>. 45. Jean L Baptisteast. The birth of Venus. N.d. Painting. WikipediaWeb. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/File:Jean-Baptiste_Marie_Pierre_(attr)_The_Birth_of_Venus.jpg>. 46. Does Beauty Really Matter? Celebs with Ugly Looks. 2012. Ad. Odd Stuff magazineWeb. <http:// oddstuffmagazine.com/does-beauty-really-matter-celebs-with-ugly-looks.html>. 47. N.d. Ad. n.p. Web. <http://hollywoodite.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Adele-Vogue-Maga zine-Photo-March-2012-11.jpg>. 48. N.d. Ad. n.p. Web. <http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2561/3683772354_51a4d55061.jpg>. 49. N.d.Ad. n.p. Web. <http://i845.photobucket.com/albums/ab15/MedRen/Vintage Ads and Maga
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51. Dieting through the ages. 2012. Ad. Daily MailWeb. <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/art icle-2120163/Dieting-ages-Vintage-adverts-lotions-potions-promised-miracle-weight-loss.html>. 52. Men wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t look at me. N.d. Ad. Alligator SunglassesWeb. <http://alligator-sunglasses.com/ post/7937109755/men-wouldnt-look-at-me-advertisement>. 53. N.d. Ad. n.p. Web. <http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zHWJB-0JyoE/TpEC8iHFmLI/ AAAAAAAACw0/8a7_tpNQ5xM/s1600/Womens->.
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54. Laura Moncur. FTC Sues more weight loss pill manufacturers. 2008. Ad. Starling FitnessWeb. <http://www.starling-fitness.com/wp-content/uploads/zyladex-adv-bw.gif>. 55. Beware of celebrity endorsements. N.d.Ad. Get a 6 PacWeb. <http://www.geta6pac.com/wp- content/uploads/ronnie-jersey-shore-xenadrine.jpg>. 56. Another Reason not to believe weight loss ads. 2011. Ad. health KickerWeb. <http://x0b.xanga. com/cbaf970340c33277102569/m220772040.jpg>. 57. Publiart Ero Rscg. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Barbieâ&#x20AC;?. Ad for Egol Weight Loss Pills. 2000. Ad. ColoribusWeb. <http:// www.coloribus.com/adsarchive/prints/egol-weight-loss-pills-barbie-2171305/>. 58. N.d. Ad. n.p. Web. <http://i1178.photobucket.com/albums/x372/image_ads1/Fat Busters/Fat Busters_BC_AD.png>. 59. N.d. Ad. n.p. Web. <http://madamenoire.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/ASHLEY-MADISON- AD1.jpg>. 60. Alfonso Moretti. informercial Insanity: The Lipozene Fat Loss Pill. N.d. Ad.. Angry trainer Fitness
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65. N.d. Ad. n.p. Web. <http:/http://files.coloribus.com/files/adsarchive/part_1064/10647105/file/ celestial-seasonings-fat-small-43568.jpgwww.infomarketingblog.com/images/britney_spears_diet_ ad_01.jpg>. 66. N.d. Ad. n.p. Web. <http://media.markethealth.com/bannerServer.php?type=image&ad_ id=234&aid=196552>. 67. N.d. Ad. n.p. Web. <http://media.markethealth.com/bannerServer.php?type=image&ad_ id=2198&aid=182809>. 68. Ellen Killoran. Nancy Upton, Model Protestor, is Bigger than American Apparel’s ‘Next Big Thing’.
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98. Bonnie Faller. Kirstie Alley has lost 38 inches since starting ‘Dancing with the stars!’. 2011.
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105. U.S. Obesity Trends . 2011. Infographic. Centers for Disease Control and PreventionWeb. <http://www. cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html>. 106. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://29.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lwobu7DG2X1qd45ayo1_500.jpg>. 107. Beth Mazur. Obesity and Food Deserts. 2011. Map. Weight MavinWeb. <http://idblog.files.wordpress. com/2011/01/obesity.jpg>. 108. An Easy Way to Lose Weight Without Exercising . 2011. Photograph. Easy Weight LossWeb. <http:// www.easyweightlossproducts.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/lose-belly-fat.jpg>.
109. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200707/r163150_600877.jpg>. 110. John Keatley. Bill Gates & Dustin MosKovitz for Forbes. 2011. Photograph. KeatleyWeb. <http://www. keatleyphoto.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Bill_Gates_John_Keatley-500x375.jpg>. 111. A Bowlful. 2012. Photograph. Days at Foothills Animal HospitalWeb. <http://foothillsanimalhospital. blogspot.com/2012_01_01_archive.html>. 112. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://wouldliketoeat.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/whipped-cream.jpg>. 113. Union Part - First 60 members. 2011. Photograph. GameSpot UnionsWeb. <http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ cv1XZyn0FHM/TUHe-HxzLcI/AAAAAAAABGs/1BGBt7oZ4y4/s1600/chocolate-cake-sliced.jpg>. 114. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://purenaturalmom.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/2071538655_ faf13d6e85_b.jpg>. 115. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://www2.macleans.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/20100325_meat. jpg>. 116. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://innutrition.org/>. 117. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://john173.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/nuts3.jpg>. 118. National French Fries Day: Cook your own version today. 2011. Photograph. Chattering KitchenWeb. <http://chatteringkitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/McDonalds-French-Fries.jpeg>. 119. Baby Phat Designs are fascinating. N.d. Photograph. Simply fashionWeb. <http://www.student.ipfw. edu/~robig01/fashion.html>. 120. N.d. Album Cover. n.p. Web. <http://www.blackhealthzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Heavy-D- album-cover.jpg>.
Work Cited - Images
121. gallery. N.d.Album Cover. Big PunWeb. <http://www.cmgww.com/music/bigpun/gallery.htm>. 122. N.d. Album Cover. n.p. Web. <http://desmond.imageshack.us/Himg505/scaled.php?server=505&filenam e=booyaarumorswo7.jpg&res=landing>. 123. N.d. Album Cover. n.p. Web. <http://www.chartstats.com/images/artwork/>. 124. Fat Joe. N.d. Album Cover. Music Web NavigatorWeb. <http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/_/55776779/
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125. Obese Records Winter Block Party. 2011. Logo. UncoveredWeb. <http://li-lieproductions.com.au/ wp-content/uploads/2011/04/obese-e1303433310758.jpg>. 126 — 396. Screenshots of youtube video titles. 397. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://www.menshealth.com/mhlists/cms/uploads/1/fat-america_1.jpg>. 398. Grocery photos taken by me at Super Fresh. 399. Book spines taken by me at Barnes and Noble. 400. 2011. Photograph. 100 pounds and counting...Web. <http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iNeMoRGuw5k/TZX
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401. The Skinny on Diet Pills. 2007. Photograph. Canada.com Web. <http://media.canada.com/ff204c0a-f375- 4bc5-91b0-f6cc14acdaa1/DIETPILLS.jpg>. 402. P57 Hoodia Cactus Weight Loss Capsule Diet Pills. N.d. Photograph. Made-in-China.comWeb. <http://im
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404. Oxy Elite Pro Fat Burner Weight Loss Diet Pill. 2011. Photograph. Diet Pills PharmacyWeb. <http://3.
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409. Lily Slimming Diet Pills . 2012. Photograph. LilyWeb. <http://www.lida-diet-pills.com/upload file/200903/20090326174401854.jpg>. 410. Phentramin-d. 2011. Photograph. Best Diet PillsWeb. <http://www.dietpillrating.com/wp-content/up loads/2011/04/phentramin-d-3btl.jpg>. 411. Lipodrene Hi Tech Yellow Diet Pill. N.d. Photograph. Live Lean TodayWeb. <http://shop.liveleantoday.com/ media/images/lipodrene_yellow_ephedra_pill.jpg>. 412. Michael Swaim. Miracle Diet Pills Really Just Tapeworm Eggs. N.d. Photograph. The MQ, San Diego.
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413. 2012. Photograph. Made-In-China.comWeb. <http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00dvCtYEQhvkGV/ Natural-Slimming-Capsules-Diet-Pills-SCP001-.jpg>.
Work Cited - Images
414. Herbal Diet Pills. 2012. Photograph. Made-In-China.comWeb. <http://image.made-in-china. com/2f0j00bBzQsWrybCuI/Herbal-Diet-Pills-All-Natural-Acai-Chinese-Diet-Pills.jpg> 415. Josef Brandenburg. You really can eat what on thanksgiving without getting fatever you want . 2009.
Photograph. Josef Brandenburgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fitness BlogWeb. <http://josefbrandenburg.com/wp-content/up
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417. Weight Loss Pills. 2010. Photograph. Health PlusWeb. <http://healthplusrx.com/wp-content/plugins/wp shapeshiftr/images/weight-loss-pills2.jpeg>. 418. Venom Diet Pills. N.d. Photograph. Top Shape SupplementsWeb. <http://www.topshapesupplements. com/images/ALRI-venom-90-caps.jpg>. 419. Zantrex-3. N.d. Photograph. Buy Top Diet PillsWeb. <http://buytopdietpills.com/images/prodimg/zan trex3.jpg>. 420. Rapid wieght loss diet pills. N.d. Photograph. AlibabaWeb. <http://i00.i.aliimg.com/photo/v0/116344578/ Rapid_weight_loss_diet_pills.jpg>. 421. Hypothyroidism Diet Pills. 2011. Photograph. ifoodWeb. <http://thumbs.ifood.tv/files/images/editor/im
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422. David DiSalvo. Six of the Biggest Placebo Scams at Your Drugstore. 2011. Photograph. BRAINSPIN!Web. <http://brainspiner.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/firestarter-pills.jpg>. 423. 3X Weight Loss Japanese Diet Pill. 2010. Photograph. On Diet DayWeb. <http://ondietday.com/image/
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424. Diet Pills Xenadrine. N.d. Photograph. Weight Loss Diet PillsWeb. <http://www.weightlosedietpills.org/ wp-content/uploads/2011/02/xenadrine_efx.jpg>. 425. Meratol Diet Pills. N.d. Photograph. Best Diet PillsWeb. <http://dietpillsweight.co.uk/wp-content/up loads/2010/12/meratol.jpg>. 426. 72 Hour Diet Pill Review. N.d. Photograph. Best Diet PillsWeb. <http://www.rateddietpills.com/wp-con tent/uploads/2011/04/72hour-dietpill.jpg> 427. Apidexin Review. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://www.dietpillcritic.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/ apidexin.png>. 428.Buy Ephedra Diet PIlls. N.d. Photograph. Live Lean TodayWeb. <http://shop.liveleantoday.com/media/im
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429. Fat Magnet PLus Diet PIlls Superdrug. N.d. Photograph. Which Diet Pills WorkWeb. <http://www.dietpill reviewer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Fat-Magnets.jpg>. 430. Chromium Diet Supplements. N.d. Photograph. Diet Pills BlogWeb. <http://www.diet-pill-center.com/ diet-pills-blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/chromium.jpg> 431. Cayenne Pepper Diet Pills for Weight Loss. 2011. Photograph. SaxzillaWeb. <http://www.saxzilla.com/ wp-content/uploads/2011/03/dr.duncans.diet_350x350-300x300.jpg>. 432. Noxycut Review. N.d. Photograph. Diet Pills MDWeb. <http://www.dietpills.md/wp-content/up loads/2010/04/noxycut-138x300.jpg>. 433. Liporexall. N.d. Photograph. Buy Top Diet PillsWeb. <http://buytopdietpills.com/tools/timthumb.
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Work Cited - Images
434. African Mango Plus . 2011. Photograph. Diet Pills PharmacyWeb. <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_c1t1l
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jpg> 439. Obesity and the Fat Acceptance movement. 2007. Photograph. WikipediaWeb. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kira_Nerusskaya_2_by_ David_Shankbone.jpg/350px-Kira_Nerusskaya_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg>. 440. Tapeworm Diet. N.d. Photograph. Cracked.comWeb. <http://www.cracked.com/funny-3697-tapeworm- diet/>. 441. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vzEAuazt42w/TQPWH1_2gbI/AAAAAAAAA3U/ yRQ3ZmuxALg/s1600/fatpeople.jpg>. 442. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://desmond.imageshack.us/Himg573/scaled.php?server=573&filename =golffitnessseven3x01.jpg&res=landing>
443. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_DHznB4LJwHE/S8TLMD5m83I/AAAAAAAABkc/ JMEm2kcD2Kg/s1600/>. 444. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://content8.flixster.com/photo/10/68/94/10689434_sma.jpg>. 445. Obesity Related Statistics in America. N.d. Chart. Get America Fit FoundationWeb. <http://www.geta mericafit.org/images/cost-of-obesity-in-america.gif>. 446. SlimVox. N.d. Photograph. Diet Pills ReviewsWeb. <http://dietpills.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/ skinny-mini-diet-pills.jpg>. 447. Dietrine . 2011. Photograph. Cultura MixWeb. <http://www.culturamix.com/saude/dietrine>. 448 Beta burn fat Burner. N.d. Photograph. Get Diet SolutionsWeb. <http://getdietsolutions.com/beta-burn- fat-burner-clinical-fat-burning/>. 449. Lipo-6 and the Fat Loss Pill Hype. 2009. Photograph. BreakdanceWeb. <http://breakdancemagazine. com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/lipo6.jpg> 450. Is Hydroxycut Safe to Use For Weight Loss And Appetite Suppression?. 2012. Photograph. Hydroxycut
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451. Dr. Natasha Turner . Diet Dilemma: Low Carb or Low Fat?. 2011. Photograph. Bliss TreeWeb. <http://blis stree.com/eat/nutrition/diet-dilemma-low-carb-vs-low-fat/>. 452. About Us. N.d. Photograph. Elite podiatryWeb. <http://www.elitepodiatry.com/about-us/>. 453. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. <http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~wl318/counterstorm/CounterstormIntern. htm>.
Work Cited - Images
1. Brick, Emily. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 2. Shecora, Steven. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 3. Greener, Kate. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 4. Peterson, Erica. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 5. Iannarelli, Angela. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 6. Courtney, Jarrett. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 7. Divello, Austin. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 8. Granato, Joe. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 9. Monroe, Blaire. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 10. Kwon, Minji. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 11. Walsh, Caitlin. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 12. Jesionowski, Nancy. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 13.Allen, Cindy. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 14.Swain, Donald. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012. 15. Barnett, John. Personal Interview. 20/04/2012.
Work Cited - Interviews
This project was produced by Tina Mukherjee in partial fullfillment of the requirements of GDES 402, Design Studio, in the Graphic Design Department, The University of the Arts, Spring 2012. Jennifer Bernstein and Debra Leigh Scott, faculty advisors, David Comberg, critic. The type is set in Univers designed by Adrian Frutiger digital version by Adobe Systems. The book is printed on Hammermill 60# text ultimate white, printed on the laser printer, and perfect bound. Special thanks to my parents for always being there for me and taking care of the financial side of making this book.