code of civil procedure

Page 15

that in such case either the leave of the Court is given, or the defendants who do not reside, or carry on business, or personally works for gain, as aforesaid, acquiesce in such institution; or (c) The cause of action, wholly or in part, arises. 1

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[Explanation].—A corporation shall be deemed to carry on business at its sole or principal office in [India] or, in respect of any cause of action arising at any place where it has also a subordinate office, at such place. 3

Illustrations (a) A is a tradesman in Calcutta, B carries on business in Delhi. B, by his agent in Calcutta, buys goods of A and requests A to deliver them to the East Indian Railway Company. A delivers the goods accordingly in Calcutta. A may sue B for the price of the goods either in Calcutta, where the cause of action has arisen, or in Delhi, where B carries on business. (b) A resides at Simla, B at Calcutta and C at Delhi. A, B and C being together at Benaras, B and C make a joint promissory note payable on demand, and deliver it to A. A may sue B and C at Benaras, where the cause of action arose. He may also sue them at Calcutta, where B resides, or at Delhi, where C resides; but in each of these cases, if the non-resident defendant objects, the suit cannot proceed without the leave of the Court.

21. Objections to jurisdiction. —4[(1)] No objection as to the place of suing shall be allowed by any Appellate or Revisional Court unless such objection was taken in the Court of first instance at the earliest possible opportunity and in all cases where issues are settled at or before such settlement, and unless there has been a consequent failure of justice. 5

[(2) No objection as to the competence of a Court with reference to the pecuniary limits of its jurisdiction shall be allowed by any Appellate or Revisional Court unless such objection was taken in the Court of first instance at the earliest possible opportunity, and, in all cases where issues are settled, at or before such settlement, and unless there has been a consequent failure of justice. (3) No objection as to the competence of the executing Court with reference to the local limits of its jurisdiction shall be allowed by any Appellate or Revisional Court unless such objection was taken in the executing Court at the earliest possible opportunity, and unless there has been a consequent failure of justice.] 6

[21A. Bar on suit to set aside decree on objection as to place of suing.— No suit shall lie challenging the validity of a decree passed in a former suit between the same parties, or between the parties under whom they or any of them claim, litigating under the same title, on any ground based on an objection as to the place of suing. Explanation.—The expression “former suit” means a suit which has been decided prior to the decision in the suit in which the validity of the decree is questioned, whether or not the previously decided suit was instituted prior to the suit in which the validity of such decree is questioned.] 22. Power to transfer suits which may be instituted in more than one Court.—Where a suit may be instituted in any one of two or more Courts and is instituted in one of such Courts, any defendant, after notice to the other parties, may, at the earliest possible opportunity and in all cases where issues are settled at or before such settlement, apply to have the suit transferred to another Court, and the Court to which such application is made, after considering the objections of the other parties (if any), shall determine in which of the several Courts having jurisdiction the suit shall proceed.

1. Explanation 1 omitted by Act 104 of 1976, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). 2. Subs. by s. 7, ibid., for “Explanation II” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). 3. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3 for “the States”. 4. S. 21 renumbered as sub-section (1) by Act 104 of 1976, s. 8 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). 5. Ins. by s. 8, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). 6. Ins by s. 9, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).

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Articles inside

Public charities

3min
page 92

Supplemental proceedings

3min
page 94

Exercise of powers of Advocate-General outside presidency-towns

3min
page 93

Public nuisances and other wrongful acts affecting the public

3min
page 91

When foreign States may sue

4min
page 84

Suits against foreign Rulers, Ambassadors and Envoys

3min
page 86

Settlement of disputes outside the Court

3min
page 89

When aliens may sue

3min
page 83

Persons specially appointed by Government to prosecute or defend on behalf of foreign Rulers

4min
page 85

Style of foreign Rulers as parties to suits 87A. Definitions of “foreign State” and “Ruler”.

3min
page 87

Power to state case for opinion of Court

3min
page 90

Where interpleader-suit may be instituted

4min
page 88

Execution of decree

3min
page 82

Exemption from arrest and personal appearance

3min
page 81

Letter of request

3min
page 77

Commission to another Court

2min
page 76

Commissions issued by foreign Courts

4min
page 78

Suits by or against Government

7min
pages 79-80

Power of Court to issue commissions

3min
page 75

Legal representative

43min
pages 50-74

Precepts

3min
page 46

Questions to be determined by the Court executing decree

9min
pages 47-49

Execution of decrees passed by Revenue Courts in places to which this Code does not extend 44A. Execution of decrees passed by Courts in reciprocating territory.

2min
page 44

Execution of decrees outside India

4min
page 45

Execution of decrees passed by Civil Courts in places to which this Code does not extend

3min
page 43

Powers of Court in executing transferred decree

3min
page 42

Transfer of decree to Court in another State

3min
page 40

Transfer of decree

3min
page 39

Court by which decree may be executed

3min
page 38

Definition of Court which passed a decree

3min
page 37

Application to orders

3min
page 36

Interest

2min
page 34

Costs

3min
page 35

Judgment and decree

3min
page 33

Penalty for default

3min
page 32

Summons to witness

3min
page 31

Power to order discovery and the like

3min
page 30

Institution of suits

3min
page 26

Service of foreign summonses

4min
page 29

Summons to defendants

3min
page 27

Power of Supreme Court to transfer suits, etc

3min
page 25

Service of summons where defendant resides in another State

3min
page 28

General power of transfer and withdrawal

3min
page 24

To what Court application lies

2min
page 23

Place of institution of suit where local limits of jurisdiction of Courts are uncertain

3min
page 18

Objections to jurisdiction 21A. Bar on suit to set aside decree on objection as to place of suing.

3min
page 21

Suits for immovable property situate within jurisdiction of different Courts

3min
page 17

Suits for compensation for wrongs to person or movables

3min
page 19

Power to transfer suits which may be instituted in more than one Court

3min
page 22

Other suits to be instituted where defendants reside or cause of action arises

3min
page 20

Suits to be instituted where subject-matter situate

3min
page 16

R e s j u d i c at a

6min
pages 11-12

Court in which suits to be instituted

3min
page 15

Application of the Code to Revenue Courts

1min
page 5

Courts to try all civil suits unless barred

3min
page 9

When foreign judgment not conclusive

3min
page 13

Pecuniary jurisdiction

1min
page 6

Stay of suit

3min
page 10

Presumption as to foreign judgments

3min
page 14
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