Non-Human Social Networking The anchor to tangible social networking with re- and upcycling materials.
Yvonne Tan Jie Yong
DIA 2018/2019 1st supervisor. Prof. Antje Buchholz + Jürgen Patzak-Poor 2nd supervisor. Prof. Sebastian Felix Ernst SUPPORT STRUCTURES 1 Master Thesis
acknowledgement
I would like to specifically thank these lovely people for their support throughout this journey; Prof. Antje Buchholz + Jürgen Patzak-Poor - for guiding me to think in broader perspectives and never lose sight of the true value of an architectural project, as it isnt about the size but the project itself. Prof. Sebastian Felix Ernst - always inspiring and providing me great insights of how far and fun my project can go. People from Moabit car workshops - for giving great input and value to my thesis despite their busy schedule and tolerated my broken german. Sarah, Daphne, Paula - for providing special bestfriends support Tan’s family - for being the pillar of support. All of this wouldn’t be possible without them. Structure support studio mates - for being the best shoulders of support
01 abstract
02
research - Nest We Grow
03
research - Moabit findings research - design
04
site strategy design proposal
05
conclusion & bibliography
1
abstract
abstract
The starting point of this research is an experimental building project features a food pavilion developed by Berkeley University students and led by Kengo Kuma in Hokkaido, Japan. The building aims to interlock locally grown products, the processing, as well as cooking and eating as a collective experience. By that the building manifests a complex network of social and material relationships. This network can be described with the ANT (Actor-Network-Theory), which was developed by Bruno Latour and others. With personal interest to explore the potential outcomes from current industrial by-products which can be creatively repurposed by local communities. The project aims to form a network using recycling and upcycling materials.
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01 abstract
02
research - Nest We Grow
03
research - Moabit findings research - design
04
site strategy design proposal
05
conclusion & bibliography
3
research - Nest We Grow
CONTEXT
NEST WE GROW, JAPAN
The Nest We Grow is an experimental project chosen to be built in conjunction to the theme of ‘Productive Garden - A space for enjoying Hokkaido with 5 senses’ in Japan. The Nest is an open public structure that intents to bring people in Taiki-cho community together with activities revolving life cycle of food. Their natural environment made up of expansive grasslands, forest and wetlands shaping villagers’ main activities like farming, fishing and other activities related to nature and the seasons. Through local produced food as non-human artefact social anchor, different actors are mobilized in and around the Nest.
research - Nest We Grow
HOKKAIDO
JAPAN
TAIKI
Fig.1: Geographical features of Taiki.
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research - Nest We Grow
CONTEXT
oce
an
memu
ne ifu
pac ific
ek
r
LEGEND
Main Road
no
r
r th
ive r
Forest
Pastures
Water
Fig.2: Natural and build environment of Taiki.
Taiki-cho is a small town located in the North East of Hokkaido, Japan. The surrounding consist of single crops farms and barn houses. The Nest is located in Memu Meadow facility, a former race horse farm turned into a research facility and holy ground for experimental houses. In the open field of green field, the Nest acts as a landmark to the farmers and villagers.
research - Nest We Grow
Fig.3 & 4: Location of Nest We Grow in Memu Facility. 1. Nest We Grow 2. Memu facility residence 3. Horse stable 4. Experimental houses 5. Tents hotel 6. Restaurants & facility farm
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1
6 3
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research - Nest We Grow
UNDERLYING NETWORK
re kif
un
e
rive r
Taiki Town
re k if u ne
r
ri
ve
South of Memu
Memu Districts
Fig.5: Map of actors of a network in Nest We Grow.
The mapping of underlying network affiliated to the Nest showed the origins of the actants involved and the area of influence. The nature of the project is dependent on its’ context.
no r th
pac i
fic oce an
research - Nest We Grow
LEGEND Nest We Grow
Villagers
Farm
Fishing Port
Farmers
Smelt
Contractor
Salmon
Forest
Main Road Forest Pastures Water
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research - Nest We Grow
ANT STUDY ON NEST WE GROW
Taiki
contractor Experimental houses
larch forest architect su
LIXIL of
fun
salmon smelt
gro w
jury
n desig
rt
Food
al
co
construct
ed
nd
fu
n
itio
et mp
pa
students
lt
de
d
farm
grow
co n
fishing port fishing
ed
materi
consult
Memu Facility
fund
fishermen
villagers
other greens radish carrot wheat
Nest We Grow potatoes
Fig.6: ANT mapping diagram of Nest We Grow
Using Actor -Network theory to understand; 1. the actors involved in the making of ‘Nest We Grow’ project (before and after completion) 2. local participation through non human actants and the question of permanence 3. local - context - identity 4. active participation in visitor center NWG in relation to local nnetwork
farmers
research - Nest We Grow
Borrowing the lens of ANT (Actor-Network Theory)1, we able to inquire the relationships that exist within Nest we Grow. 1. The actants3 involved (before completion and after completion) of the project. 2. The origins of the local produced food and locals activities. 3. Local produced food as non-human social anchor draws active participation from the village. 4. The integration of new network based on the existing actors2 found in the local context. 5. The design of the structure is inspired by the environment and locals skills. 6. It requires a constants participation of human actants contributing non-human actants to maintain the function of the building.
1. Actor Network Theory: A sociology methodology introduced by Bruno Latour. He describes a network is a framework constitutes of human and non-human actors 2. Actors: An entity that is yet/not contributing or modify other entities. 3. Actants: An entity that is contributing or modify other entities.
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research - Nest We Grow
INVOLVED twork ACTANTS Underlying Network Underlying Network Underlying Network Actants Actants Actants
mon elt
Ex carr carr carr
carrot radish radish radish
non human actants
radish wheat smelt smelt smelt
Experimental radish larch forest potatoes houses potatoes potatoes
salmon carrot potatoes wheat wheat wheat
carr larch f larch larch ff Memu Facility
fund
ed
ed
nd
pa
rt
smelt potatoes port farm carrot farm farm
Experimental wheat larch forest experimental port port houses port houses fund
consult
potatoes Memu facility experimental experimental experimental houses houses houses architect Memu Facility
contractor larch ff Memu Memu Memu
of
ed
co n
su
port Memu facility Architect LIXL group LIXL LIXL group group
Fig.7: Non-Human Actants
rt
gn desi
pa
farm experimental larch forest LIXL group houses
n
itio
pet
com
js foundation js js foundation foundation LIXIL of
experimental competition houses Architect Architect Architect students
fun
de
d
construct
human human human actants actants jsactants foundation
students
lt
d
rt toes
radish salmon salmon salmon
e nd fu
man ants
Underlyingsalmon Network Actants
fu
eat m ish
non human non human non human actants actants actants
jury
uman nts
Memu compe compe compe stude stude stude
Nest We
radish wheat
salmon carrot smelt potatoes farm
p
ar Grow 12 Experimental research - Nest Wecarrot radish wheat potatoes houses larchport forest experimental houses architect Memu Facility fund
ed
nd fu
ju r y
co n
ed
human actants
p
com
js foundation
pa
rt
potatoes smelt port
wheat larch forest farm experimental houses
human actants js foundation experimental farm houses LIXL group
human actants
Memu port facility Architect contractor
js foundation
Architect villagers
LIXL group competition contractor fishermen students
contractor fishermen
villagers farmers Fig.8: Human Actants
potatoes port Memu facility LIXL group
js foundation
experimental LIXL group houses competition villagers students
LIXIL of
larch forest experimental houses Architect
fun
Using Acto 1. the acto 2. local par 3. local - co 4. active pa Memu facility Architect NWG in rel fishermen
Using Actor -Network theory to und 1. the actors involved in the making 2. local participation through non hu 3. local - context - identity 4. active participation in visitor cente NWG in relation tocompetition local nnetwork Architect villagers farmers
fishermen students
fishermen
farmers
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research - Nest We Grow
SPATIAL FORM & PROGRAM
Non-human local produced food influenced the spatial form of Nest. The spaces are organized based on the life cycle of local produced food; Growing, Harvest, Dining, Cooking and Composting. Each activity spaces are interconnected. Ground floor and tea platform at the centre served as communal spaces. While the inter-lattice form supports structurally, it also becomes the space to grow crops and dry fish. The overall form is almost covered in order to protect and extend life shelf of food from extreme weather in Hokkaido.
research - Nest We Grow
STRUCTURE Fig.9-13: Axonometry view of Nest We Grow
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SPATIAL FORM & PROGRAM
GROWING & HARVEST
COOKING & DINING
research - Nest We Grow
DRYING & STORING
RAINHARVESTING & COMPOSITING
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research - Nest We Grow
IN SUPPORT OF
FUTURE HOUSE INNOVATION
JS Group funds to build experimental houses every year
Students from UC Berkerly college won the competition
Larch trees are abundant in Hokkaido
Timber are used for construction
LOCAL MATERIALS & TECHNIQUES
A team of students from UC Berkerly college won the competition
Adapting local techniques
research - Nest We Grow
LOCAL FISHING & FARMING ACTIVITIES
Fishing is the main activity in Taiki’s port
Locals enjoys fishing salmon as sport
Locals fish for smelts at river
Single crop farming in Taiki
Former race horse stable turned into farm by the facility
Farmer transplants crops from farm and grow them in Nest
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research - Nest We Grow
IN SUPPORT OF
LOCAL FOOD TRADITION
Fishermen prepping salmon by removing guts
Salmon are preserved by hanging to dry
Smelt fishes are preserved in a net to dry
Farmer clean carrots and tied them in string
Farmer preserve carrots by hanging them to dry
Villagers gather to cook the food they have grown in Nest
research - Nest We Grow 20
LOCAL IDENTITY
Delicacies from local produced food in Taiki
Tour bus visit Memu facility to experience Taiki
People learn about Taiki and ideas about experimental houses
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research - Nest We Grow
NEST WE GROW A
A LOCAL PRODUCED FOOD NETWORK Due to the harsh weather in Hokkaido, the structure serves as an alternative garden for the locals to extend life of their crops. In addition to that, farmers that grow singe type crops able to share their products with others. While fishermen who had caught some fishes able to prep their fishes to preserve them in the Nest. Eventually, the Nest manifest a place of exchange and interaction from growing and sharing food.
Good catch! We can preserve it in Nest later!
We are doin Architectu tour!
This area used to be race horse stable.
Let’s preserve our harvested radishes here.
I caught some smelt!
I think Taiki is famous for radish, salmon,...
Winter is coming! We are planting these in the Nest.
Fig.14: The units of the network gravitating around Nest.
I think our food are ripe. Let’s have dinner together
research - Nest We Grow 22
AT MEMU FACILITY
ng ure
We are carrot farm!
We are potatoes farm! We are tourists visiting Taiki for the first time!
We are radish farm!
23 research - Nest We Grow
Fig.15: Exterior view of Nest We Grow.
Fig.16: Interior view of Nest We Grow.
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01 abstract
02
research - Nest We Grow
03
research - Moabit findings research - design
04
site strategy design proposal
05
conclusion & bibliography
25 research - Moabit findings
CONTEXT
MOABIT, BERLIN
Nest We Grow used local food produced to form a cohesive network with human actors. In Moabit, the concept of network is the elementary component of the development of an architectural project. Given a complete different context from that of case study, a potential material actor could be identified to start of a new network.
research - Moabit findings 26
GERMANY
BERLIN
Fig.17: Location map of Moabit
27 research - Moabit findings
CONTEXT
BeusselstraĂ&#x;e
REE SP
SPREE
Industrial
Residential
Speciality
Fig.18: Type of land use in Moabit. Fig.19 (on the right) : Social background of Moabit.
Playground
Private Garden
Park
research - Moabit findings 28
Divided Neighborhood Divided Neighborhood
Di
Disconnected Built Environment
Local Local
Non Local Non Local 54% Migration Background Divided Neighborhood 54% Migration Background Divided Neighborhood
Disconnected Built Environment Berlin Senatsverwaltung take action to improve social structures in 33 Quarters. Disconnected Built Environment
Local Local SHOP
SHOP
Non Local Non Local
Industrial District
54% Migration Background Industrial District 54% Migration Background
Berlin Senatsverwaltung take action Educational District to improve social structures in 33 Quarters. take action Berlin Senatsverwaltung
to improve social structures in 33 Quarters. The area of study is a puzzle piece of Charlottenburg Nord, West Moabit and Charlottenburg
which consists a mixed of high density industrial and commercial buildings, with Wilhelminian residential building interspersed in between. There are many different trades in the districts ranging from beer factory, It warehouse to car automotive industry. This offers a wide range of potential industry by-products which could be used to develop a reuse network. In recent events, Moabit is campaigning ‘ Green Moabit’ to the local community. The project could receive supports from local community. SHOP
SHOP
Industrial District
Educational District
Berl to
29 research - Moabit findings
UNDISCOVERED INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS
truction Waste
e
Construction Waste
Used Wood Glass Bottles
Used Wood
Glass
Packaging waste
Electronics
Clothes
AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP
Bicycle Parts
Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, AUTOMOTIVE oil, glass, metal scraps WORKSHOP
Bicycle Parts
Type: Services
BICYCLE Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps WORKSHOP Type: Services BICYCLE Waste: Tires, tubes, WORKSHOP metal scraps, cardboard Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes,
GLASS metal scraps, cardboard WORKSHOP GLASS WORKSHOP
Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium Type: Specialist
Waste: Glass, aluminium BEER BREWERY BEER
Type: Production BREWERY Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates
WINE LOGISTIC
WINE LOGISTIC
Type: Logistic Waste: Wine bottles, plastic, cardboard, wooden crates Type: Logistic 4/28/2019
Waste: Wine bottles, plastic, cardboard, wooden crates
Caseking - Google Maps
Caseking Caseking 4/28/2019
COMPUTER WAREHOUSE
Caseking - Google Maps
Caseking Caseking
COMPUTER WAREHOUSE
Type: Sales & Service Waste: Electronic parts Type: Sales & Service Image captur e: Dec 2014
4/28/2019 Caseking
Phot o - Dec 2014
Waste: Electronic parts
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps
4/28/2019 Caseking
Phot o - Dec 2014
Berliner Gr oßmarkt
Image captur e: Dec 2014
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps
BERLIN BERLIN GROßMARKT
Berliner Gr oßmarkt
GROßMARKT
Fig.20 (above) : Undiscovered industry by-products in Moabit
https://www.google.de/maps/place/Caseking/@52.5299027,13.3120386,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMo8DB3TJc8B-eWH7InuDqp3AXZfj7Rh2iQufyn!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googl…
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Fig.21 (below): Potential outcome from re-purposing industry by-products. Type: Type:Sales Sales&&Service Service
Waste: waste Waste:Food, Food,packaging packaging waste
Image captur e: A ug 2018
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Image captur e: A ug 2018
Philipp Klöckner Philipp Klöckner
Glass Bottles
Construction Waste
Glass Bottles
Used Wood
Used Wood
AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP
Type: Services Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, Waste: tubes, battery, oil, glass,Tires, metal scraps oil, glass, metal scraps
BICYCLE BICYCLE WORKSHOP WORKSHOP Type: Type:Services Services Waste: Waste:Tires, Tires, tubes, tubes, metalscraps, scraps, cardboard cardboard metal
Bicycle Parts
Bicycle Parts
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP FURNITURE FURNITURE
Hidden Industrial By-Products Phot o - AugPhot 2018o - Aug 2018
struction Waste
e
Glass Bottles
Auto parts
AUTOMOTIVE MAKER MAKER WORKSHOP
https://www.google.de/maps/place/Berliner+Großmarkt/@52.5349233,13.3216739,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMLFqunj7AzOG_I5_cMOnfpGwSiYISRIhEex3Y6!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%…
https://www.google.de/maps/place/Berliner+Großmarkt/@52.5349233,13.3216739,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMLFqunj7AzOG_I5_cMOnfpGwSiYISRIhEex3Y6!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%…
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Services The research aimsType: to explores the potential outcomes from current industrial by-products Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, which can be creatively by local communities. By-products or waste don't necessarType: Services oil, glass, metal scraps Type: repurposed Making and sales Type: Making and Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, ily end up in recycling facilities orsales landfills as they have the potential to be reconditioned and Waste: Leftover wood oil, glass, metal wood scraps Waste: Leftover repurposed into new products. Every trade produce a consistent types of by-products which can be turned into new resources to fulfill local needs without wasting on logistic cost and BICYCLE energy to processWORKSHOP them. In numerous interviews, locals have little interest and awareness towards this topic. BICYCLE How can we inspire people to take more active role in their community’s WORKSHOP future? Type: Services Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, Waste:scraps, Tires, tubes, metal cardboard metal scraps, cardboard
GLASS GLASS WORKSHOP WORKSHOP
research - Moabit findings 30
Used tires
Furniture
Construction Waste
Glass Bottles
Used Wood
AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP
Bicycle Parts
Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps
BICYCLE WORKSHOP Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, metal scraps, cardboard
GLASS WORKSHOP AUTOMOTIVE AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP WORKSHOP
Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium
Type: Services Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, battery,
AUTOMOTIVE Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps WORKSHOP oil, glass, metal scraps
BEER BREWERY
Type: Services BICYCLE Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, WORKSHOP oil, BICYCLE glass, metal scraps
Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates
WORKSHOP
Type: Services
BICYCLE Type: Waste:Services Tires, tubes, WORKSHOP Waste: Tires, tubes,
WINE LOGISTIC
metal scraps, cardboard metal scraps, cardboard
Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, GLASS metal scraps, cardboard
Type: Logistic Waste: Wine bottles, plastic, cardboard, wooden crates
GLASS WORKSHOP WORKSHOP
GLASS WORKSHOP
4/28/2019
Caseking - Google Maps
Type: Specialist Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium Waste: Glass, aluminium
Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium BEER
BEER ConstructionBREWERY Glass Construction Glass Waste BREWERYBottles BEER Waste Bottles
Caseking Caseking
COMPUTER WAREHOUSE
Used Used Wood Wood
Type: Production BREWERY Construction Glass Used Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, Waste crates Bottles Waste: Beer bottles, caps, Wood Type: Production crates Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates
WINE WINE LOGISTIC LOGISTIC
WINE LOGISTIC
Type: Logistic Type: Waste:Logistic Wine bottles, plastic, Waste: Winewooden bottles,crates plastic, cardboard, Type: Logistic cardboard, wooden crates Waste: Wine bottles, plastic, cardboard, wooden crates
Caseking - Google Maps Caseking - Google Maps
COMPUTER COMPUTER WAREHOUSE COMPUTER WAREHOUSE
Caseking - Google Maps
WAREHOUSE
Type: Sales & Service
Type: Sales & Service Waste: Electronic parts Type: Sales & Service Waste: Electronic Waste: Electronic partsparts
Image captur e: Dec 2014
Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps
Image captur e: Dec 2014 Image- captur e: Dec 2014 Berliner Großmarkt Google Maps
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Bicycle Bicycle Parts Parts
Bicycle Parts
AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP
Type: Sales & Service Waste: Electronic parts
AUTOMOTIVE Type: Services WORKSHOP
Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, Type: Services oil, glass, metal scraps Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps Type: Services 4/28/2019 Caseking
Phot o - Dec 2014
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BICYCLE WORKSHOP BICYCLE WORKSHOP
Type: Services Waste:Services Tires, tubes, Type: metal cardboard Waste:scraps, Tires, tubes, Type: Services metal scraps, cardboard Waste: Tires, tubes, metal scraps, cardboard
GLASS WORKSHOP GLASS GLASS WORKSHOP
Image captur e: A ug 2018
Image captur e: A ug 2018
Waste: Food, packaging waste Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Philipp Klöckner
Philipp Klöckner
Image captur e: A ug 2018
WORKSHOP
Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium
Type: Specialist Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium Waste: Glass, aluminium BEER
BEER BREWERY BEER BREWERY BREWERY Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates
crates
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Phot o - Aug 2018 Philipp Klöckner
FURNITURE FURNITURE FURNITURE MAKER MAKER
MAKER
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Image captur e: A ug 2018
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Philipp Klöckner Phot o - Aug 2018
FURNITURE MAKER
https://www.google.de/maps/place/Berliner+Großmarkt/@52.5349233,13.3216739,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMLFqunj7AzOG_I5_cMOnfpGwSiYISRIhEex3Y6!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%…
Phot o - Aug 2018
Phot o - Aug 2018
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Type: Sales & Service Waste: Food, packaging waste
BICYCLE WORKSHOP
Type: Production
Type: Sales & Service Type: Sales & Service Type: Sales & packaging Service Waste: Food, Waste: Food, packaging wastewaste
BERLIN GROßMARKT
https://www.google.de/maps/place/Caseking/@52.5299027,13.3120386,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMo8DB3TJc8B-eWH7InuDqp3AXZfj7Rh2iQufyn!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googl…
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
BERLIN
Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps
Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
BERLIN BERLIN GROßMARKT GROßMARKT GROßMARKT
Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.
Berliner Gr oßmarkt
Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps
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Image captur e: Dec 2014
WINE
WINE LOGISTIC WINE LOGISTIC
LOGISTIC
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Type: Making and sales Waste: Leftover wood
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research - Moabit findings
By-products or waste don’t necessarily end up in recycling facilities or landfills as they have the potential to be reconditioned and repurposed into new products. Every trade produce consistent types of by-products which can be turned into new resources to fulfil local needs without wasting on logistic cost and energy to process them.
AUTOMOTIVE TRADES IN MOABIT One of the popular trades in Moabit is automotive trade which includes car repair, reselling parts and tire change. Car batteries, windshield, tires, oil and steel parts are example of the by-products. Fig.22 showed how are each of these by-products are disposed. Among them, tire is one of the highest waste produced in Moabit. The next part of research will tap onto the material and social relationship involving tires.
research - Moabit findings 32
Automotive trade waste in Moabit Municipal Waste Recycler (BSR)
Specialized Recycler
Manufacturer
Recycling agents
e
ke ta
Reuse (tons)
https://www.bsr.de/recyclinghoefe-20503.php
Fig.22: Examples of by-products produced from automotive trade.
e
Recycling (tons)
fre
Car Workshops
/pie
/kg
€ 1.3
By-products
€ 2.6 ce
free
ba
ck
fre
33 research - Moabit findings
EXISTING USED TIRES NETWORK IN MOABIT
Household waste only
In Berlin, industrial waste are separated from household waste. BSR in general does not offer collection service for used tires. Repair car workshop owners has to hire a third party bodies to collect their used tires and sent to recycling yard who accepts them. Some of these workshops aren’t able to keep up with the constant growing load of tires and face overcrowding problems within their premises. In other part of Moabit, tires were found disposed illegally. Used tires represent a huge waste problem in the area. On the other hand, there are community who uses tires in their creative projects as furniture, planting pot and even as playground elements in kindergarten.
Green thumbs
Upcycling youth Illegal disposal Overcrowding of tires
Fig.23: Focus map showing how local utilize used tires in Moabit.
research - Moabit findings 34
Playground elements
Upcycling artist
Upcycler enthusiast
To tires recycling yard
35 research - Moabit findings
EXISTING CAR WORKSHOPS Workshop A: Automobile Lackiererei CAR REPAIR WORKSHOP
Workshop B: KFZ Meisterbetriebe MOTOR SPECIALISTS Alexatos
- Hidden from street - No waiting area - Quiet area
-
Mixed car specialization A lot of litter Limited storage space Poor work relationship No toilets No waiting area
USED TIRES There are many car workshops in Moabit, which also means a lot of used tires are produced everyday. Few car workshop are facing overcrowding tires problem as it has grown over their storage capacity. There is no doubt that other workshop’s storage will soon be facing the same problems. Therefore, used tires will be the material of focus of the new network.
relative quantity of used tires per week
CAR WORKSHOP Car workshop customers leave their used tires in car workshop after purchasing a new one. Hence, it is an ideal location to test out the new reuse network as there exist a consistent source of material to the new network. Spaces within car workshop premise will be the area of intervention to serve other car workshops. Different conditions of workshops are examined to scale the demand of the new network.
SIte
Fig.24: Focus map showing location of existing car workshops.
research - Moabit findings 36
Workshops C: Becker & Beckmann GmbH CAR SPECIALISTS
Workshops D: Atelier GmbH VINTAGEAutomobile CAR WORKSHOPS
Workshop E: HCD Hybrid &Car Service CAR SERVICE REPAIR WORKSHOP Gmbh
-
-
- Hidden from street - Small waiting area - Underground workshop
Multiple car service workshops Many carpark bays Busy operation No waiting area
& GALLERY
Multiple car brands workshops Busy public space Integrate with cafe Near playground and kindergarten
37 research - Moabit findings Fig.25: Spatial analysis of different workshops and its storage
WORKSHOP WORKSHOPS
PLAN PLAN
ACCES ACCES
Workshop D Atelier Automobile GmbH
Trade: Alfa Romeo car specialist
x occasional x3
3m 2
Workshop E Name: HCS Hybrid Car Service GmbH
b
Trade : Car Workshop
x 16/day x6
25m 2
Workshop B Name: KFZ Meisterbetriebe Alexatos
workshop
Trade: Mixed car specialist
x 5/day x2
18m 2 18m 2 18m 2
Workshop B
office
Name: Willi KrĂźger GmbH Trade: Tires specialist
storage x 30/day
x 20 230m
2
storage
research - Moabit findings 38
SSIBILITY SSIBILITY
CONFIGURATION CONFIGURATION
ARRANGEMENT ARRANGEMENT
workshop
basement workshop
office
basement workshop
workshop
workshop
p
worksho
office workshop
workshop
39 research - Moabit findings
Different workshops are studied in terms of its accessibility, storage location, configuration and different ways of tire arrangement. Tires are usually stored inside of a car workshop or in an outdoor shed for a minimum of 2 weeks. Depending on available storage spaces and quantity of tires produced in each workshop, they could be stored on a shelf till its due. However, in some other workshops where storage size are limited, tires are left stacking on the floor and eventually blocked its circulation access. In one of the workshop, tires were even found filling in the gap between walls. Due to poor management and overcrowding of tires, the relationship between workers in the area were threatened as well.
Storing conditions of tires
AGE CAR WORKSHOPS LLERY
Storing conditions of tires
TIRE STORAGE CONDITIONS Fig.26: Different storing condition of tires in car workshops.
CAR SERVICE & REPAIR WORKSHOP
iple car brands workshops public space grate with cafe r playground and kindergarten
- Hidden from street - Small waiting area - Underground workshop
Workshop E Storing conditions of tires
CAR SPECIALISTS -
Multiple car service workshops Many carpark bays Busy operation No waiting area
VINTAGE CAR WORKSHOPS & GALLERY -
Multiple car brands workshops Busy public space Integrate with cafe Near playground and kindergarten
Workshop D
Workshop B
Workshop B
research - Moabit findings 40
CAR SERVICE & REPAIR WORKSHOP - Hidden from street - Small waiting area - Underground workshop
41
research - Moabit findings
PROGRAM
Illegal disposal
tire manufacturer
car workshops
consumer
12 weeks of storage
recycling
Inspire community project
$
resale to secondhand users
Repurpose customers old tires into new products
storing tires for next season use
playgroun rubber
Fig.27: The trail of used tires in Moabit and the new proposed network..
nd
research - Moabit findings 42
landfill
hired tire collector
recycling yard in Berlin
re-use
recycling plant
retreading
chips
powder
steel wire
fuel for cement kiln
crumbling process
tire mat
new tire
road additive
used tires export to other countries
43 research - Moabit findings
PROGRAM
REUSE TIRE NETWORK
Fig.27 illustrates the journey of used tires leaving the car workshop to be recycled or exported which involved many actors and a lot of energy to recycle them. Although there are locals and resident artist in the area have shown interest in re-purposing by-products, the up-cycling concept and process still requires time, energy and attention that still isn’t as prevalent in local societies today. Therefore, the project aims to create a Reuse Tire Network (RTN) as part of a car workshop to reuse and recycle used tires. RTN connects used tires in the area to local community of creative and enthusiasts who share the same passions and interests in the concept and practice of upcycling to start a social enterprise which aims to make a business out by collecting tires, second-hand tire resale and recycling in order to support the craft of re-purposing tires.
research - Moabit findings 44
CAR ENTERPRISES & WORKERS - Car workshop owner who are interested in tire resale business - Car enterprises who want to dispose their used tires - Workers who need social space outside working hours
REUSE TIRE NETWORK
WORKSHOP CUSTOMERS - Car workshop is a busy place with a lot of customers waiting for their cars to be repaired.
SOCIAL ENTERPRISE - local community of artist, makers, refugee and teacher who are interested to make a business from collecting tires, making tire craft and recycling tires.
Fig.28: Different user groups in Reuse Tire Network.
45 research - design
CASE STUDY
BALI & BEYOND, INDONESIA
While there are thousand of used tires produced everyday, there are some entrepreneurs that turn waste into re-usable goods. Bali & Beyond is an online shopping platform that sell local craft products made in Indonesia. One of their craft are furniture made from collected used tires in Bali. The process of turning these tires into craft took place in a small hut with 2-3 workers. This case study examine the process of upcycling and its spatial requirements of an upcycling craft workshop.
research - design 46
Fig.29: A affiliated tire craft factory in Java, Indonesia
Fig.30: Re-purposing tires in different complexity
47 research - design
1 2
ACP
4 7 6
5
ACP
Fig. 31 & 32: Example of upcycling craft production layout of a craft factory in Java, Indonesia.
1. Raw material storage 2. Processed material storage 3. Cleaning station 4. Workspaces 5. Surface treatment 6. Toilet 7. Drying area
Workshop
3
1. 2. 3. 4.
Raw material storage Processed material storage Cleaning station Workspaces
5. 6. 7.
Surface Treatment Toilet Drying
research - design 48
1 2
4 7 6
3
5
Note: Linear assembly The spaces within the workshop are planned based on a linear process which is parallel to material flow starting from collection, storage, production, post production to delivery. Loading bay in the 1. Raw material storage Pre-finished storage consisting only workshop is always accessible to the storage. Inside5. the workshop, the workspaces 2. Processed material storage 6. Finished product storage partially enclosed partitioning which allows unobstructed flow of material between storage, producCleaning station 7. Resting area tion3.workshop and post production spaces.
4.
Workspace
6
1 4
4
2
8
49 research - design
MATERIAL FLOW
COLLECT
STORING
PRODUCTION
POST PRODUCTION
DELIVERY
Fig. 33: Basic structure of production process in an upcycling workshop.
RECYCLING
RE-SALE
UPCYCLING
cleaning
storing
craft making (production)
recycling (production)
post production
post production
storing
collection
sorting
storing
delivery
material flow Fig. 34: New structure of combined processes in RTN..
Reuse tire network (RTN) consists of 3 main processes; tire recycling, tire re-selling, and tire upcycling which shares the same material source. Therefore, the new structure of RTN is a combined processes in parallel to material flow. The final structure of RTN showed above will be used as a guide for spatial planning.
50
01 abstract
02
research - Nest We Grow
03
research - Moabit findings research - design
04
site strategy design proposal
05
conclusion & bibliography
51
design proposal
SITE CONTEXT
car workshops
car tire
car repair workshops mixed car workshops
sex kino
sex kino
Fig. 35: SIte plan with existing local car workshops
CAR WORKSHOPS COMMUNITY This selected workshop for the new area consist a clustered of car workshops including few specialized car workshop, tire retail shop, car repair shops and other businesses like Sex kino and Imbiss. The workers in the area are pressured as the spaces are occupied by used tires and the premise are devaluing due to overcrowding of tires. This calls for a network to connect the demand to rid of the used tires and a platform for upcycling industries.
design proposal 52
e workshop
hop
orks
car w
imbiss
RE-ESTABLISHING CORNER To reveal the new network , the corner in this area is chosen as it is strategically located opposite of the beautiful Spree canal and the promenade. The location is easily noticed by passerby. Currently, the corner is occupied by a single storey car repair workshop which has been a weak link to the other corner buildings. The new network will re-establish itself as the new link to the area and with stronger networking to the neighborhood.
53 design proposal
SITE QUALITIES
Large & bold signage
Stand out roof shape
design proposal 54
REUSE TIRE NETWORK
Large & bold signage
Graphical billboard
Fig. 36: DIfferent form of advertisements along Quedinburgerstrasse.
Fig. 37: SIte surroundings.
55 design proposal
MASSING
Hidden corner
Weak link
Stronger link
Fig. 38: Re-establish corner link
design proposal 56
Site buildings roof profile
Fig. 39: Massing development
condensed
tapered 1
reveal process
tapered 2
uniform
tapered 3
tapered 1
tapered 4
57 design proposal
4
3
1
Fig 40. : Immediate surrounding of the new network 1. REUSE TIRE NETWORK (RTN) 2. Tire shop 3. Specialized car workshops 4. Car repair workshop
2
design proposal 58
REUSE TIRE NETWORK Reuse tire network is part of the car workshop to reuse and recycle used tires from workshop customers , connecting locals needs to overcrowding tires. The project aims to create a visible network of material (tires) by revealing the processes and inclusive of collective activities revolving tires. RTN is designed as an elongated body sits along the perimeter of the corner with the facade facing the street, road junction and the canal, exhibiting the recycling process and sorting to the street. Meanwhile, the logistics and services spaces are facing the workshops area. To adapt, the envelope of the building referencing from the surrounding roof pitches. The pitch of the roof is lower at both ends and gradually ascends towards the centre. The final form of the building is a unique landscape element that looks like part of the canal and surrounding building.
59 design proposal
residential
Fig.41: Overall site elevation along Quedinburgerstrasse.
Fig. 42: Site elevation in relation to the canal.
car repair workshop
specialized car workshop
design proposal 60
reuse tire network
spree canal
One of strategy to inform the public the identity of a building as seen on Quedinburgerstrasse is through the process of recycling and tire as building material on the facade. The building attracts the attention of onlookers from the street and the canal with its moving process of recycling and people dropping the tires on or into the facade.
61
design proposal
STRUCTURE & MATERIALITY
aluminium metal seam roof
steel truss
steel skeleton
tire chips concrete panels
overall structure
cconcrete foundation
Fig. 43: Axonometry of RTN structure.
design proposal 62
RTN consist of a partially sunken concrete foundation with steel structure as skeleton. Steel framing is a structure of choice as it allows long spanning distance and free up the space below for large recycling machines. The frame is cladded with special lightweight tire chips concrete panels as a feature where tire chips are visible on the skin of the building.
63 design proposal
Fig. 44: Impression image of concrete tire chips.
TIRE CHIPS CONCRETE Many researches has proven that replacing aggregates with tire chips in concrete reduced its weight and better workability than normal concrete (Chandra Bora, 2010). Due to its low compression strength, hence it is more suitable to be used as lightweight element and foundation. The facade of the RTN features lightweight concrete panels that are made from tire recycled in RTN itself. This also promotes sustainability where used tires are crushed to be used as building material. The quality of the mixed offers a unique appearance on the facade.
design proposal 64
tire chips concrete panel rigid insulation gypsum board
composite concrete deck
Halfen channel cast in concrete panel
metal pin
steel column and beams
Fig. 45: General section of facade cladding using tire chips concrete panels
65 design proposal
PROGRAM & PROCESS
furniture
pet’s bed
rubber chips Kitchen
powder
Upcycle workshop
Recycling Street
steel wire
Fig. 46: A sectional view of RTN showing process derivated spaces.
Lounge
Second-hand shop
design proposal 66
Collect > Reuse > Recycle > Upcycle > Connect The network consists of 3 main processes; recycling, upcycling and reselling of used tires. The combined processes requires spaces for drop off/collection, sorting, storing, production, post production and delivery. These spaces are planned in parallel to the material flow. As each processes have different spatial requirements, they are separated on different levels but also share common spaces like material station, goods lift and social spaces.
Teaching workshop
Drop-off
Sorting
Existing car workshop
67 design proposal
Fig.47 : Material actors and human actors
from other car workshops
design proposal 68
car workshops workers used tires
pedestrians
69 design proposal
FLOOR PLANS freights lift (transporting goods to loading bay) media explaining ‘how tires are re-use’
9
tire re-selling retail
8
gallery of upcycled products
10
1
freights lift (transporting used tires for re-selling and upcycling)
Fig. 49 a: First floor mezzanine floor plan
freights lift (transporting goods to loading bay)
1
drop off station 2
automatic recycling activity
8
manual recycling activity
sorting
3 6
7 5
Fig. 48 a: Ground floor plan
4
freights lift (transporting used tires for re-selling and upcycling)
design proposal 70
legend 1. lobby 2. tires pit 3. sorting area 4. manual recycling 5. automatic recycling 6. storage 7. toilet 8. loading bay & parking spaces 9. secondhand tire retail/ gallery/media corner 10. reception
Fig. 49 b: First floor mezzanine floor plan
Fig.48 b : First floor mezzanine floor plan
71
design proposal
9 6
social activites
11 10
8
Fig 51a: Third floor plan
freights lift (transporting goods to loading bay)
public upcycling workshop
6
5
4
6
7
3 1
2
Fig. 50 a: Second floor plan
upcycling activity
freights lift (transporting used tires for re-selling and upcycling)
design proposal 72
legend 1. material station 2. upcycle workshop 3. office 4. wet room 5. post produaction storage 6. toilet 7. teaching workshop 8. lounge 9. meeting room 10. kitchen 11. patio
Fig.51 b: Third floor plan
Fig.50 b: Second floor plan
73 design proposal
SPATIAL
Fig.52: Drop off area at the entrance.
TIRE DROP-OFF
Fig.53: Main group sizes of tires..
d: 850mm
d: 750mm
d: 650mm
d: 550mm
The facade of the building features of vary sizes of slots for the locals and the enterprise to drop off used tires. The collection was is made accessible from pedestrians level and it continues to the lobby area. The openings on the walls are adapted from usual habits of locals sliding in tires in between the walls.
design proposal 74
Fig.54: Visitor watching the process from the lobby
SORTING STATION As tires passing through the wall, it will fall into the pit through a roller surface. The staff will then sort the tires and delegate the tires to be delivered to different area according to usage; recycling, second-hand resale or upcycling.
75 design proposal
Fig.55: Visitor watching the process from the street level.
RECYCLING GALLERY The process of recycling area is showcased as continuous street gallery showing in sequence from a whole tire block to powdery form. The production area is lower than street level which enable pedestrians to have an overall view of the process.
design proposal 76
77 design proposal
lounge
tire info corner
teaching workshop
second-hand tire reception
Fig.56: New hangout area for workers from nearby workshop.
COLLECTIVE ACTIVITIES The mezzanine level is an hangout area where locals are socially connected while performing activities such as purchasing second-hand tires, dropping off used tires, buying tire craft products or on the way attending upcycling workshop.
shared parking spaces
design proposal 78
Fig.57: Flexible production configuration with slide-able shelf.
UPCYCLING WORKSHOP On upcycling production floor, the workspaces are separated from other service spaces to free up the floor for production line. In order to cater for ever-changing operation, the floor is equipped with movable wall shelf which allow assembly line to be reconfigured based on their needs. possible workspace layout
79 design proposal
REUSE TIRE NETWORK The project sits on the corner of a block next to the river Spree. It stands out because of its unusual facade. The facade is made of concrete mixed with tire chips that are produced in RTN itself. At the same time, the facade provides insights into the process of the recycling process. Even when the night falls, RTN continues to operate as a gallery showcasing the machines, and locals are seen to drop off their used tires through the walls. Through this project the recycling process and products become a visble and integral part of the city.
design proposal 80
81
82
CONCLUSION
Throughout the thesis, I have learned how non-human material could set a base for an architectural project. Almost all material around us are possibly connected to a larger network. The initial point of interest was due to a series of unpretty sights at Moabit street where waste could be found in every corner. This has motivates me to investigate the underlying network of the waste. Eventually, this led to the start of Reuse Tire Network. While most architectural focus are people, it is interesting to see that how non-human material could manifest spatial and social relationships
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
L, D. (2007, March 23). Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Retrieved from https://www.learning-theories. com/actor-network-theory-ant.html Yaneva, A. (2009). Making the social hold: Towards an Actor-Network Theory of Design. Design and Culture . Yaneva, A. (2016). Mapping controvesies in architecture. London: Routledge. Bruno Latour, A. Y. (2018). Give a gun and I will make all buildings move. Ardeth, 102-111. Stadtentwicklung, S. f. (2004). The neighborhood fund. Berlin: Sauer Druck und Werbung. Stadtentwicklung, S. f. (2006). Neue Chancen für 33 Kieze - Quartiersmanagement in Berlin. Retrieved from https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/wohnen/quartiersmanagement/download/flyer_qm_100706_teil1.pdf Berlin, Q. (2019). Moabit West/ Beusselstraße. Retrieved from https://www.quartiersmanagement-berlin.de/quartiere/moabit-west-beusselstrasse/print.html Chandra Bora, M. (2010, December). Sustainable Concrete with Scrap Tyre Aggregate. Retrieved from NBM&CW: https://www.nbmcw.com/tech-articles/concrete/20090-sustainable-concrete-with-scrap-tyre-aggregate.html Recyclinghöfe. (2019). Retrieved from BSR: https://www.bsr.de/recyclinghoefe-20503.php