LIGHTING CONTROL & DESIGN
速
ENERGY CODE SOLUTIONS
USING DIGITAL LIGHTING CONTROLS
INTRODUCTION
On average, 24% of a commercial building’s power consumption goes to lighting, so controlling that output makes sense as a starting point for energy-use reduction.This is the fundamental logic that has lighting controls mandated in over half of the country’s state energy code jurisdictions.*
Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The Basics: General Lighting Control Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The savings are worth the extra effort, but codes can be difficult to follow. Even the most seasoned design veteran can have trouble juggling all the various requirements.
!UTOMATIC 3HUT /FF of General Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
To help design professionals, the experts at LC&D have gone over the codes and broken down the facts in this easy-to-follow brochure. Furthermore, we offer:
Exterior Lighting Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
s %XPERT GUIDANCE IN DESIGNING YOUR PROJECTS s ! DEDICATED ONLINE DATABASE OF STATE ENERGY CODE requirements updated every quarter (www.lightingcontrols.com)
Lighting Controls IN %NCLOSED 3PACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 ,IGHTING ,EVEL 2EDUCTION #ONTROL . . . . . . .8 Daylight Harvesting Control . . . . . . . . . .10 Lighting Control FOR 3PECIl C ,IGHTING 4YPES . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Lighting Power Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Compliance at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
s 2EQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MAJOR CODES AS THEY PERTAIN to lighting controls. 2
*DOE Buildings Energy Databook, 2005
WA ME ND
MT
MN
OR ID
NY
WI
SD
MI
WY
PA
IA
NE
NV
IL
UT
OH
IN
WV
CO
KS
CA
MO
VA
KY
NH VT MA RI CT NJ DE MD DC
NC AZ
TN
OK
SC
AR
NM
MS TX AK
HI
The Basics: General Lighting Control Compliance !UTOMATIC LIGHTING CONTROLS ARE REQUIRED BY ENERGY codes in all but a few jurisdictions, affecting most projects on either the state, regional, or local level. With government incentives for green building, such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental $ESIGN AND THE %0!CT #OMMERCIAL "UILDING Tax Deduction, design teams are recognizing mandated energy efďŹ ciency as a business opportunity as well. Lighting Control Code Provisions at a Glance: !3(2!% !UTOMATED SHUT OFF 3PACE CONTROL Exterior lighting control IECC (2003) !3(2!% COMPLIANCE /2 !UTOMATED SHUT OFF 3PACE CONTROL Exterior lighting control Light level reduction control
AL
GA
LA California State New York State FL Oregon State Washington State No statewide code SigniďŹ cant adoptions in jurisdictions Adopted code meets or exceeds 2006 IECC / ASHRAE 90.1-2004 or equivalent Meets 2003 IECC / ASHRAE 90.1-2001 or equivalent Meets 2001 IECC / ASHRAE 90.1-1999 or equivalent (meets EPCA) Precedes ASHRAE 90.1-1999 or equivalent (does not meet EPCA)
California Title 24 (2005) !UTOMATED SHUT OFF 3PACE CONTROL Exterior lighting control Light level reduction control Daylight Harvesting .EW 9ORK 3TATE %NERGY #ODE !UTOMATED SHUT OFF 3PACE CONTROL Exterior lighting control Light level reduction control /REGON 3TATE %NERGY #ODE !UTOMATED SHUT OFF 3PACE CONTROL Exterior lighting control Daylight Harvesting 7ASHINGTON 3TATE %NERGY #ODE !UTOMATED SHUT OFF 3PACE CONTROL Exterior lighting control (incl. parking garages) Daylight Harvesting
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AUTOMATIC SHUT-OFF OF GENERAL LIGHTING
!UTOMATED LIGHTING SHUT OFF SATISl ES THE CORE RE QUIREMENTS FOR DIFFERENT ENERGY CODE STANDARDS !C ceptable methods for complying with automated shut-off requirements are: Scheduled Shut-Off !UTOMATE GENERAL FACILITY LIGHTING BY SCHEDULING LIGHTING to turn on and off based on normal business hours, with the option to override the system via switches. This way, users can adjust the lights regardless of the scheduled status. This is accomplished easily with a relay panel, while enabling code compliance. Products: s '2 2ELAY 0ANEL s 4HE "LUE "OX s MicroPanel "EST !PPLICATIONS High usage areas with regular schedules s /PEN OFl CES s 2ETAIL SALES m OOR s (ALLWAYS s #OMMON AREAS 4
Occupancy Based Shut-Off (Intermittently Used Spaces) With occupancy sensors, sensors signal lighting to turn off when an area becomes unoccupied. This is suitable for spaces that follow less predictable schedules or are intermittently occupied. These can be overridden by local switches connectED TO A '2 RELAY PANEL OR MicroPanel. Products: s '2 2ELAY 0ANEL s MicroPanel s /CCUPANCY SENSOR s $IGITAL OVERRIDE SWITCH "EST !PPLICATIONS High usage areas with irregular schedules s 0RIVATE OFl CES s #LASSROOMS s #ONFERENCE ROOMS s 2ESTROOMS s ,UNCH ROOMS s #OPY ROOMS
10,000 ft2 floor
Master Override
Storage Room
A D B E C F
ZONE D
ZONE E
ZONE A
ZONE F (Office) ZONE C
ZONE B
$dig
GR2400 Relay Panel
Distribution Panel
OS
Clock Zone A
A B
C Zone B C
Zone C
C
Zone D Zone E
Wallwashers Luminaires
A B
ZONE F (Office)
OS Master Override A
D
B
E
C
F
MicroPanel
Luminaire Storage Room: For small spaces such as closets & storage rooms use a wall-mounted Occupancy Sensor.
Line voltage wiring Low voltage wiring
Relay Panel
OS
Occupancy Sensor
Category 5 cable OS
Wall-mounted Occupancy Sensor
Occupancy sensors are ideal for intermittent use spaces (such as private offices) and comply with automated shut-off requirements in all energy codes. Manual overrides are enabled with digital wall switches. Occupancy sensors provide automatic shut-off in small, limited usage areas such as utility closets when unoccupied.
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LIGHTING CONTROLS IN ENCLOS ED SPACES Conference Room $dig
OS
S
B A
A B
3PACE CONTROL PROVISIONS !3(2!% )%## AND 4ITLE usually include a requirement that an override device, such as a switch, be readily accessible to occupants. Individual control devices are required in spaces ENCLOSED WITH m OOR TO CEILING HEIGHT PARTITIONS AND include individual rooms for partitioned open ofl CES 3WITCHES HOOKED UP TO A LIGHTING CONTROL PANEL or occupancy sensors with manual switches, enable occupants to override automated lighting if needed while meeting code.
$dig
C
Products: s '2 2ELAY 0ANEL s MicroPanel s $IGITAL OVERRIDE SWITCH s /CCUPANCY SENSOR "EST !PPLICATIONS For high use (common) areas such as open ofďŹ ces, hallways, and foyers, use centralized panels with digital override switches. For ofďŹ ces, conference rooms, and classrooms, use the MicroPanel with local switching or dimming control. 6
D
C
MicroPanel Breaker OS
Occupancy Sensor Category 5 cable
$dig
D
Line voltage wiring Low voltage wiring Digital switch Digital switch
Occupancy sensors satisfy both automatic shutoff and mandatory space control (requirements under ASHRAE).
EXTERIOR LIGHTING CONTROLS Building & Parking Lot Security Lighting = dusk to dawn Area Lighting = dusk to scheduled off time.
PCO: Mounted on roof facing north. LCP-1
Exterior lighting codes mandate astronomical time clocks or photocells to switch lights on when daylight is insufďŹ cient (dusk) and off when sufďŹ cient (dawn). The highest energy savings are achieved when both are used in conjunction. Here’s why. !STRONOMICAL TIME CLOCKS STORE LOCATION DATA SUCH AS LON GITUDE LATITUDE COORDINATES AND USE THAT INFORMATION FOR ON OFF SCHEDULES -ULTI SCHEDULE SWITCHING CAPABILITIES MAKE them ideal when lighting needs go beyond simple dusk-todawn switching. For instance, while security lighting needs to be on all night, area lighting (parking lots, walkways, etc.) usually does not need to be on for more than a few hours after dark. In this case, the astronomical time clock would simply shut off area lighting once it is no longer needed, while keeping security lights on until dawn.The astronomical clock does not have the ability to respond to light changes brought on by weather (such as heavy clouds blocking out the sun).That’s where the photocell comes in. By measuring available daylight, photocells switch electric lighting in response to existing daylight levels. This takes care of unpredictable levels brought on by weather. Products: s '2 2ELAY 0ANEL
Bldg security lighting
Canopy lighting
Parking lot area lighting
2400 Replay Panel Breaker Photocell (Outdoors)
(to loads)
Parking lot security lighting
Security Lighting Parking Lot Lighting Line voltage wiring Low voltage wiring
Photocells and astronomical time clocks (or a combination of both) are typical requirements in exterior lighting codes.
s 4HE "LUE "OX s /UTDOOR $IGITAL 0HOTOCELL "EST !PPLICATIONS s 0ARKING LOTS s 7ALKWAYS s "UILDING FACADES s 3ECURITY LIGHTING 7
LIGHTING LEVEL REDUCTION CONTROL
Mandatory in IECC Chapter 8,Title 24 Energy codes that mandate light level reduction control require simple switching strategies to reduce light levels by up to 50%. IECC includes an important exception for spaces controlled by occupancy sensors. Light levels can be reduced by: s #ONTROLLING ALL LAMPS s $UAL SWITCHING OF ALTERNATE ROW LUMINARIES OR LAMPS s 3WITCHING INDEPENDENT LAMPS WITHIN A LUMINAIRE s 3WITCHING EACH LUMINAIRE OR LAMP 3INCE AUTOMATIC SHUT OFF IS ALSO REQUIRED SCHEDULED OR OC cupant sensor), LC&D recommends that the wall switch combines local control, automatic shut-off and light reduction into a single wall switch or dimmer. This is best done with a MicroPanel and a local switch or slider dimmer (can include scene controls for conference rooms). Products: s MicroPanel s $IGITAL SWITCHES s 5NIVERSAL )NDOOR 0HOTOCELL s /CCUPANCY SENSOR 8
"EST !PPLICATIONS Daylight harvesting is ideal in applications where daylight is plentiful, usually with south-facing windows.When using the MicroPanel, one only need add a photocell (see chapter on “Daylight Harvesting Control�, page 10). Switching 3WITCHING INBOARD OUTBOARD LAMPS SEPARATELY IS THE most cost effective method of multi-level switching, also called “stepped dimming.� This creates four lighting levels in each zone. Dimming In some applications, dimming presents the best choice. Dimming is less impactful on room occupants than multi-level switching.
Digital dimmer switch
Digital a/b switch
Top-left: Bi-level switching in this conference room is achieved by combining wall switches with occupancy sensor control. This also provides compliance with the automatic shut-off and space control requirements.
$ab
Digital 2-Relay Controller
AB
0-10v Dimming New technology allows continuous dimming from 100% to 3% (1% T5 HO) Hi-Low Dimming HID Ballasts - Dimming to 70%
Digital 2-Relay Controller
AB
2R
AB
Top-right: Multi-zone automatic dimming daylight harvesting controls provide compliance with light level reduction requirements.
$dim
2D
AB
2X4 Luminaire
2X4 Luminaire OS
Occupancy Sensor
Occupancy Sensor
OS
Digital a/b switch $ab
Digital 2-Relay Controller
A B A
A B A
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
2R
Phase Dimming Continuous Dimming from 100% to 1%
A B A
A B A
2X4 Luminaire OS
Occupancy Sensor
9
DAYLIGHT HARVESTING CONTROL
4-zone switch
Digital Photosensor
Digital dimmer switch Digital Photosensor P Digital 2-Relay Controller
P $abcd
Mandatory in Title 24 5NDER #ALIFORNIA 4ITLE AREAS GREATER THAN FT2 receiving sufďŹ cient daylight are required to have at least half of the luminaires independently controlled by dayLIGHT HARVESTING CONTROLS !LSO MULTI LEVEL DAYLIGHT HAR vesting controls must control daylit areas greater than 2500 ft2 IN ENCLOSED SPACES UNDER SKYLIGHTS !UTOMATIC shut-off and space control requirements still apply. To comply with these provisions, a daylight harvesting controller such as a MicroPanel can be used to dim lighting continuously, based on the level of daylight contribution detected by a photocell.
Digital 4-Relay Controller
AB
$dim
CD
A
B
4R
AB
2D
CD
A
2X4 Luminaire
2X4 Luminaire OS
Occupancy Sensor
P
Digital 2-Relay Controller C D C
A B A
Occupancy Sensor
OS
4-zone switch Digital Photosensor $ab
B
High-Bay Luminaires C
D
C
Primary daylit zone D
A
B
Products: s MicroPanel s 5NIVERSAL )NDOOR 0HOTOSENSOR 10
C
B
A
D
D
C
D
C
2X4 Luminaire OS
Washington requires that daylit zones in certain spaces be automatically controlled with either a dimming or switching strategy for light reduction.
C D C
A B A
C
Skylight
4R
Oregon requires automatic daylighting controls in classrooms and atriums with a window to wall ratio greater than 50% or with skylights.
D
Secondary daylit zone
Occupancy Sensor
Title 24 compliance in this skylit ofďŹ ce building requires the use of a MicroPanel (dimming daylight harvesting controller and automatic shut-off) as well as the override switch.
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LIGHTING CONTROL FOR SPECIFIC LIGHTING TYPES
Display Lighting, Mandatory in ASHRAE 90.1,Title 24 5NDER !3(2!% DISPLAY LIGHTING MUST BE SEPA rately controlled.Title 24 requires separate controls for display lighting on circuits not exceeding 20 amps.
20 a
To other zones
20 a 20 a 20 a
,IGHTING CONTROL PANELS PROVIDE m EXIBLE METHODS OF controlling different types of lighting independently. For example, a relay panel can switch display lighting on a schedule independent of the schedule used for regular store operating hours. Lighting control panels can control display lighting separately, so that merchandise is only illuminated during store hours. Products: s '2 2ELAY 0ANEL s MicroPanel s 4HE "LUE "OX !PPLICATION $ISPLAY AND ACCENT LIGHTING IN RETAIL SALES m OORS 12
20 a Load Center
Track length determines VA calculation
Lighting Controls
Display Case Lighting
Lighting control panels must control display lighting separately, so that merchandise is only illuminated during store hours. Refer to your local energy codes for speciďŹ c requirements.
LIGHTING POWER DENSITY
In addition to independent control requirements, local energy codes sometimes limit the allowed lighting power density (LPD) of displays that are lit using track lighting. To prevent retail tenants from loading up tracks with high output lamps, a penalty is assigned based on the length of track (instead of actual output). In these cases, a circuit current limiter such as the 3ILVERBullet can be used to allow more track. The 3ILVERBullet limits the wattage of each length of track TO YOUR CODE REQUIREMENTS ALLOWING GREATER m EXIBIL ity in how much track lighting a space can use. Product: s 3ILVERBullet "EST !PPLICATION $ISPLAY AND ACCENT LIGHTING IN RETAIL SALES m OORS
Without the SilverBullet 20 a 20 a Load Center
Lighting Controls Track length determines VA calculation
With the SilverBullet 20 a 20 a Load Center
20 a 20 a SilverBullet VA (wattage) rating of SilverBullet supplementary breakers determines wattage calculation.
The SilverBullet allows for a more fair calculation of lighting power density for those applications using energy efďŹ cient track lighting ďŹ xtures.
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COMPLIANCE AT A GLANCE
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*Controlled area not to exceed 20,000 ft 2 in single tenant retail spaces and malls. 1Override time may not exceed 2 hours in single tenant retail spaces and malls.
15
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LIGHTING CONTROL & DESIGN 905 Allen Avenue Glendale, CA 91201 Tel: 800-345-4448 www.lightingcontrols.com
Â¥ ,IGHTING #ONTROL $ESIGN !LL 2IGHTS 2ESERVED