Penumbra by Shelby Doyle

A ub l R C B l ia UM c o N S E P es n i ity o s r M e s iv n De U e tat S a Iow

Forward

6 - 11

Part One | Research

12 - 25

Part Two | Development

26 - 73

Part Three | Final Design

74 - 87

Part Four | Construction

88 - 105

Afterward

106 - 117

PART 1 Research

4 | Des Moines Social Club

Iowa State University | 5

PENUMBRA Forward

A PENUMBRA is the partially shaded outer region of the shadow cast by an opaque object and PENUMBRA is the name given to an 850 SF structure designed and constructed by twelve Iowa State University students on the roof of the Des Moines Social Club (DMSC) Kum & Go Theater. The project leveraged architectural design as a tool for community engagement and succeeded in expanding the usability of the rooftop - thus allowing the DMSC to enhance their potential for outdoor community activities. The DMSC is a non-profit organization which aims “to use the arts as a catalyst to create unprecedented community engagement” in Des Moines. The organization welcomes 25,000 visitors each month with a yearly revenue of $1.5 million for events ranging from gallery openings to rooftop theater performances and concerts. In 2013, the organization worked with Slingshot Architecture to renovate the historic art deco Des Moines Firehouse Number One, creating a campus of 30,000 square feet for performances and events to take place within the urban fabric of downtown Des Moines. Among such spaces is the 1800 SF Kum & Go Rooftop, which provided desirable outdoor space, but faced the issue of not providing shade during its time of most frequent use: April-October. The DMSC received a grant to provide a shade structure in collaboration with the ISU Computation & Construction Lab. Led by Assistant Professor Shelby Doyle, AIA, twelve ISU Department of Architecture students worked to design and build a structure that would allow the organization to further their mission. The students had only eight weeks to take their design from an idea to construction. This process encountered all of the constraints and conversations necessary to bring any architectural project to fruition. The class met with Des Moines City Zoning & Planning commission to seek approval for a nonpermitted ‘pergola’ designation. Then, as the site is listed on the National Registry of Historic Places, the project was reviewed, adapted, and approved by SHPO (State Historic Preservation Office). Finally, local firm Raker Rhodes provided structural engineering calculations to help ensure structural integrity. Each step required quick, iterative, reworking of the design. While the design went through nearly fifty iterations, the final design and build conveys the intent of the design team: to use the sun as a design tool, to create an open and flexible design, and to reflect the goals of the DMSC. The project relied upon an underlying grid of 42” drawn from the railing of the existing deck. This allowed the project to be easily constructed and maintained and allowed for flexibility. Constructed of wood and exterior grade shade cloth the project layers together solidity and softness of the fabric to create a layered shadow or PENUMBRA. After assembling all of the necessary parts in Ames, the pieces were relocated to Des Moines for installation. The project shades over half of the 1800 square feet of the rooftop and provides the DMSC with a space that can be comfortably occupied and utilized to its fullest potential. PENUMBRA simultaneously enriches and enlivens the space of the rooftop by providing the organization the opportunity to expand their client base and offer more enjoyable events during the spring, fall, and summer months, as the panels are easily designed and constructed to be removed and stored in the winter. By becoming a part of the urban fabric of downtown Des Moines, PENUMBRA lends itself as an adaptable and functional structure for the organization and community as a whole. As the organization continues to grow and impact Des Moines, PENUMBRA will offer an enjoyable and welcoming space which catalyzes and magnifies the impact of the DMSC’s mission of providing usable space for the arts to bring together the community of Des Moines.

PART 1 Research

PENUMBRA Team

INSTRUCTOR Shelby Doyle, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP Assistant Professor of Architecture STUDENTS Master of Architecture: Erin Copeland Jennifer Hakala Chirag Khurana Raymond Nurse Christopher Perez Wade Vollink Tianling Xu Bachelor of Architecture: Jiayu Dong Olivia Finan Nicholas Loughrey Caleb Scherf Shelby Worth

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to the Des Moines City Development Center for their help in navigating zoning and permitting, the Des Moines Fire Department Fire Prevention Bureau for meeting with us regarding fire safety, and the State Historic Preservation Office of Iowa for their review of the project for historic tax credit approval. Thank you also to the Raker Rhodes for their collaboration and structural engineering calculations. Â Thank you to the Des Moines Social Club for the opportunity to bring this project to fruition. Thank your to our design reviewers for their feedback: BNIM Architects, Des Moines, IA, Leslie Forehand, Lecturer, ISU, Andrew Gleeson, Lecturer, ISU, Thomas Leslie, AIA, Director of Graduate Education for ISU Architecture. FUNDING The project was funded by the Des Moines Social Club and supported by: the ISU Department of Architecture, Â ISU Office of the Vice Provost for Research and the Stan G. Thurston Professorship in Design Build.

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ISU CCL PENUMRA was a project of the ISU Computation & Construction Lab (CCL), a research group established to connect developments in computation to the challenges of construction and to leverage these tools for public engagement with nonprofits and cities. ONLINE Additional information and videos of the project and previous work of the CCL can be found at: ccl.design.iastate.edu

STATS OPERATING REVENUE OPERATING $1.5m

REVENUE $1.5m

STATS

260,000+

ARTIST PAYMENTS ARTIST $250,000

PAYMENTS $250,000

Artistic disciplines represented at the Des Moines Social Club:

DISCIPLINES MUSIC COMEDY THEATER

Artistic disciplines represented at the Des Moines Social Club:

LITERARY VISUAL CULINARY

MUSIC THEATER FILM COMEDY DANCE MOVEMENT

LITERARY VISUAL CULINARY

STAFFING FILM DANCE MOVEMENT 8 500+ 11 28 Part time

Full time

VISITORS

8,500+

STUDENTS

DISCIPLINES

STAFFING

VISITORS 260,000+

Part time

Interns

Volunteers and special event staff

500+

Volunteers and special event staff

STUDENTS 650+

SUPPORTED ARTISTS

650+

SUPPORTED ARTISTS

600+ EVENTS

600+

300+ EVENTS

CLASSES

300+

CLASSES desmoinessocialclub.org

Iowa State University | 9

A satellite image showing Ames, IA (above), where Iowa State University is located, and Des Moines, IA, where the Des Moines Social Club is located. (below), 2017.

PENUMBRA

Part One | Research

A major aspect of the design process is to conduct research in a manner that aids in the development of the final design. At the beginning of this intensive, eight week design-build, we were tasked to individually look into the Future of Shade competition in order to gather precedents on how others have used shade as an essential component to architecture. The advent of cutting-edge technologies has enabled new building typologies. Just as steel elevators and air conditioning have changed the built environment, fabricâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s versatility opens up new opportunities for aesthetically pleasing shade structures that take building design and function to a new level.

The Future of Shade is an annual competition that brings together architects and designers to crowd source the latest thinking on shade innovation. The Future of Shade competition called on designers and architects to create new conceptual visions in shade design using Sunbrella fabric for three categories: building shade, wellness gardens and humanitarian. The intense research onto the various proposals ultimately inspired the developmental thinking in terms of using sunlight to enliven the Rooftop of the Des Moines Social Club.

Playing Canopies

PART 1 Research

act LAB

Playing Canopies was entered in the 2016 entries for the Future of Shade competition. The design is a series of shading devices in between buildings that can serve multiple purposes for the pedestrians that use the space. Moreover, the canopy itself acts as a piece of art for the community members to interact with on the street. The goal of this project was to create a feeling of walking through a forest with the different levels of diffused light. In order to achieve this lighting effect, there are cuts in the different types of canopies that allow light to pass through them and some types allow more sun through them than others. The change in the environment over the street creates a difference from the fast paced street to the pedestrian walkway for the shops and restaurants. The flow of the space is interrupted by canopies that lower down to create seating and kiosks. These different canopies are made of the same material and overall shape but they come down to street level so that the pedestrians can utilize them for the different purposes.

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Bring in the Wave SXArchitects

This project was designed to provide shade for an outdoor shopping mall, while creating interesting light shadows on the walking paths from the sunlight shining through the pattern. The use of the color blue was used for the fabric of the shading device in order to add a visual effect to the idea of cooling. The design was able to incorporate both a lightweight structure and fabric, with mostly the sun and rain as the weather factors to consider. They used a thin wire to create a grid between the two buildings and then using metal circles at the intersection of the grid lines, they wove a fabric through to create a wave pattern. This design also does a nice job of providing shade while not blocking any views or creating major obstructions.

Plan

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Melody of Shadows

PART 1 Research

Zejd Kobilica | Jasmin Sirčo | Gorica Mehić | Ilma Kobilica This musically inspired entrant is designed as a covering for an exterior section of a beach spa and relaxation center. The structure is made by hanging a series of narrow fabric triangles between two parallel frames that span from the side of the spa building to two support columns, one of which is bent like a backwards S. Each of these two frames is made up of five horizontal members and ten vertical members. The triangular fabric shades are hung between the frames with the three points of each connected at the intersections of the horizontal and vertical members of the frames. The project draws inspiration from Claude Debussy’s “Clair de Lune” and aims to create a similar feeling of calm and relaxation as the classic piece. In addition to the simplicity and tranquility of the project, its visual form is also inspired by the song. When viewed in elevation the supporting columns line up to create a simplified treble clef and the grid made by the frames and their intersection with the points of the triangle resemble a piece of sheet music.

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Draping Scenery Hyungeong Kim

This project by German product design student Hyungeon Kim was the grand prize winning entry in the wellness garden category of the 2017 Future of Shade competition. The project aims to be more than a shading device and becomes a way of dividing and organizing space, as well as incorporating furniture into its structure. The project is made by draping a continuous fabric sheet between a series of frames in such a way that the hanging folds of fabric become spatial dividers that define the space it shades. The light metal frame is the only permanently fixed portion of the structure while the actual fabric shade is draped loosely overtop. This allows users to adjust the spaces under the shade by simply pulling and adjusting where the low hanging sections of the fabric fall. The fabric surface has also been perforated throughout with varying sized holes. These perforations serve several purposes in the project: creating atmospheric shadow patterns, allowing some breeze to pass through, and the larger of the holes can be used as seating in the low hanging sections dividing the space.

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Flagship

PART 1 Research

JJs Arquitectura

This project was completed by João Araújo Sousa & Joana Correia Silva; an architectural practice based in Porto, Portugal. By challenging the idea that shading can only be provided by trees, the proposal strives to push forth an option that blends in with the urban fabric. Inspired by the relationship that the city has with the water and an “overexposure” to the elements, the partners wanted to create a shading device that would pay homage to the seaport nearby. This was accomplished by designing a structure that seems as if a building has been carved out and the only thing left is the tensile material - which is the Marine 60” natural Sunbrella material used in ships - that provides shade to the user below. Because of the harsh elements and exposure to such intense amounts of sunlight, the fabric that was chosen helps fight against this and provides ample shading. Not only this, but also the structural glass that was used in the overall design is 100% recyclable, allowing for all of the materials to become recycled. In creating a beautiful design that gives an appearance of floating fabric in the mix of a disappearing facade, the shading structure is truly innovative in its use of structural glass and material pallet that creates the overall structure.

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The Stripe

XA (X-Architecture)

This project was completed by an architectural collective by the name of XA (X-Architecture) in London, UK. The people behind the project are Dimitri Chaava, Stelios Psaltis, Ivane Ksnelashvili, Soso Eliava, and Basil Argylopoulos. In focusing on a minimalist design goal, this entry combined lightweight materials and calming colors to provide an engaging atmosphere for the community. The proposal uses aluminum rods that hold the fabric up. These rods are able to be extremely lightweight and easy to construct. It also provides the ability for the structure to span a far distance, as the only thing required would to be to add the module and keep lengthening it. The fabric that was used in this design provides lighting where it folds over the aluminum rods, as well as seating where the fabric drapes down further than the pattern displayed. While the shading device drapes down and is able to provide a resting area for community members, it still allows for plenty of circulation to happen within each module so that users are able to interact with one another, as well as provide space for other furniture.

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Twisty

PART 1 Research

Kevin Chu

This project took inspiration from elements of movement, such as shifting and changing. The device itself is composed of fabric strips and a metal frame. The device can shift according to different needs and shading conditions. By twisting the fabric, the device allows more sunlight to go through and enables natural ventilation. The fabric is colored on one side, while the opposite side is white. The white reduces the heat absorption, while the other side simultaneously makes the device very delightful. This design offers the advantage of having a semi-covered interior space, it is helpful to control the interior condition. By simplifying the structure, we can make the framework portable, the hardware can be simplified and allow the natural wind to control fabric strips. The design components can be designed uniformly in order to make the construction easier and maintenance easier. In addition, the original design is rectangular, by creating more flexible metal frame, this allows larger interior space. The fabric strips in the original design is very clean and neat, but at also allows artists to do creative work on it. The movement of the fabric allows the visual arts able to change with the movement of wind.

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Mosque of the Light Nick Karintzaidis

Nick Karintzaidis used a simple form and materials, albeit in a contemporary way. The roof of the structure is divided into different bays and the peripheral bays are covered with circular rods while the central bays are draped with strips of fabric. This clearly indicates that zones are created within the structure to block hot wind and sun. Peripheral spaces create a buffer space which keeps the inner areas cool. Similarly, the design encloses all the four sides with narrow strips of fabric running from top to bottom. This strips block the incoming hot wind and thus ensures a soothing and calming environment in the interiors. Adding to the human comfort, a water sprinkler system on the periphery of the structure has been included in the design. This humidifies and cools down incoming hot and dry winds. The sprinkler system or the mist uses less amount of water to humidify the air and therefore it is an effective strategy at places where there is a scarcity of water.

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Woporo

PART 1 Research

Ekachai Pattamasattayashonthi

This pool pavilion engages perforated Sunbrella fabric as a series of floating screens on tracks and shades installed on roof frames. The patterned floating screens connects indoors and outdoors and can be closed to increase privacy or opened to reveal the surrounding views. While the patterned fabric shines during the day, at night the interior glows and becomes visible through the pattern. Without compromising its baseline quality, this design aims to introduce translucency to Sunbrella fabric to promote its use as a connector between indoors and the outdoors through the use of laser cutter patterns. The project is inspired by woven grid patterns which exist all over the world. Images of geometric patterns are manipulated digitally to create pixilated patterns which will be laser-cut onto the Sunbrella fabric. Testing the concept of this design started with weaving cut paper strips together to demonstrate the potential of creating different levels of porosity by loosening up the grid spaces. This initial idea is then translated into a series of woven grid patterns which have different levels of porosity. These patterns are digitally blurred and pixilated to define the sizes and locations of apertures to be lasercut onto the fabric. The differently sized perforated grid patterns, when placed together, produce gradually varying visual obscurity.

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Bubble Canopy Ben Krone

Originally conceived as a flexible market and event space for a site in Washington D.C., the Bubble Canopy has evolved into a system which can be deployed in any number of sites. The covered area is intended to serve multiple outdoor functions including a market, private event space, and a public use garden. The result is a parametrically driven geometry that can be adapted for an unlimited number of configurations, scales, and contexts. Each pairing of the canopy units is driven by its intended programmatic use. Small clustered groupings are geared toward markets and more intimate gardens, where larger canopies provide clear spans capable of housing public and private events. The form of the canopy serves as a funnel diverting the path of rain water in a way that celebrates its use as a high performance rain shed. At the base of the funnel, water is released from a short distance above the ground into a drain grating creating the sounds of falling water and feeding the garden plants which surround the base of each canopy unit. Bubble canopy has evolved into a highly adaptable urban cover system that is capable of activating under-utilized plazas into unique programmed public and private use event spaces and gardens.

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A satellite image showing the metropolitan area of Des Moines, IA with the DMSC highlighted in pink, 2017.

PENUMBRA

Part Two | Development

The research process ultimately culminated in the design team realizing the potential that fabric and other various materials have in designing a pergola for the Des Moines Social Club. The following iterations showcase the diverse thought and rigorous iterative processes that drove the design-build. Each project has its own unique aspect that was carried on to the next iteration in the design process. Beginning in groups of two, the studio began to work its way into a larger, more cohesive whole that aimed to realize the overall potential

of the project and its impact on the Des Moines Social Club. The initial iterations were all exploratory, meaning that our imaginations got the best of us in most cases. Each project is representative of the conversation that we had with not only one another, but also the other players in the process of an architectural project coming to life. After numerous client, permitting, structural, and design meetings, a final iteration was realized that reflected the design of not just one person, but of a collective group of people who all wanted the same for the client.

Iteration One

Parallel Projection

Detail

#parallelogramparty

PART 2 Development

Research Question What opportunities and constraints does a modular paneled system, connecting a series of semipermeable fabric parallelogram, present us in the task of creating a shaded roof system? Keywords Parallelogram, System, Overlap, Shade, Diffuse, Panel, Offset, Model,

Plan

Position Parallel Projection is an exploration of shade through diffusion of natural light, as determined by the overlapping of semi-translucent parallelogram, to shade the rooftop space. Program 1,500 sf of shaded space

Section

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Isometric

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Weave

Detail

#unbeWEAVEable

PART 2 Development

Research Question To what extent can we achieve aesthetic variation with a static lattice grid and flexible textiles without compromising shade or functionality? Keywords Flexibility, modular unit, ribbon, weave and weft, tessellation

Plan 0

Position Weave creates an open ended structure apt for weaving fabrics and creating colorful and playfully repetitive spaces. The standardization of components also makes for a very adaptable and low maintenance structure that can be quickly assembled in a variety of configurations while maintaining visual unity.

Heavy Overpass Traffic

Mechanical Equipment

Program 1440 sf of covered area with changing levels of shading.

Fabric Diagram

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Downtown and Lower Stage Views

20 ft

Above Kum & Go Sign Location

Isometric

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Iteration Two

Panelrama

Detail

#panelrama

PART 2 Development

Research Question How can we address the weather projection qualities of a space, that is closed on three sides, along with the flexibility that is necessary for the multitude of events that could be held on the roof? Keywords Panels, Frame, Cantilever, Movable, Flexible

Plan

Position This project focuses on the flexibility of the space, utilizing an over arching frame that supports a track system for the panels, and provides a framework for the centerpiece to be attached to and continued on. Program 288 SF of fully covered space 160 SF of framed cantilevered space

Section

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Isometric

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Wood Shade

Detail

PART 2 Development

#WoodYouLikeSomeShade?

Research Question How can we use wood and steel as materials, while creating an intricate design that represents movement, to create a shading structure for the ends of the rooftop while providing sufficient protection from the elements?

Plan

Keywords Wood, steel, movement, minimal, panels, intricate, flexible Position Wood you like some shade has the aim of providing shade for the Rooftop of the Des Moines Social Club on both ends of the rooftop. In sticking to two main materials, the goal is to provide enough shade for the users on the end caps of the roof. Program 576 SF of Covering Sound Barrier and Visual Wall

Section

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Isometric

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Layering Shade

Detail

#TriangleTrellis

Research Question How can multiple layers of fabric provide adjustable shade for a multipurpose rooftop patio

PART 2 Development

Keywords Adjustable, Triangular, Flexible, Position Layering Shade uses stacked grids to hold reconfigured fabric triangles to create dynamic shade for a wide variety of events held on the rooftop

Plan

Program 1,150 sf of shaded patio space

Section

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Fabric Panel Connection

Solid Panel Connection

Isometric

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Iteration Three

Wood You Beweave

Detail

#WoodYouBeweaveThisShade

Research Question How can we combine three elements to make a holistic shading device.

PART 2 Development

Keywords End caps, pavilion, shade, fabric, wood, steel, community, versatile Position The position of this project is to provide three different structures that create a shaded rooftop, which becomes more comfortable for users while they visit this space.

Plan

Program Two Permanent End Caps Middle Shading Device Fabric

Section

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Total Shade

Detail

#shadefordayzz

PART 2 Development

Research Question How can we span the entire rooftop with the least amount of columns intruding into the space, while still creating interesting plays with light and shadow? Keywords Open, Flexible, Weave, Coverage

Plan

Position Total Shade aims at having an entirely shaded rooftop at the Des Moines Social Club while using the least amount of columns interrupting the space. Program 360 SF Complete Covering 1440 SF Shade 1800 Total SF

Section

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Isometric

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A satellite image showing the downtown area of Des Moines, IA with the DMSC highlighted in pink, 2017.

Date June 6th, 2017 Position & Changes After many small-group iterations, the studio came together to formulate one, cohesive design idea to present to the Des Moines Social Club. As the smaller iterations became one, many ideas that begun in the earliest stages carried through to the end. The first iteration of PENUMBRA reflects the combined effort to merge all ideas into one. By maintaining key elements that came from each group, the end caps became a staple of the first iteration in hopes to provide barriers to the neighboring elements. Moreover, the middle portion of the deck showcases the continued push for a modular system that integrates fabric to a certain capacity.

PENUMBRA Iteration One

PART 2 Development

Before

After

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Before

After

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Plan

PART 2 Development

Section AA’

Section BB’

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A’

B’

End Cap Detail

End Cap

Side Detail

Trim & Supports

Fabric Panel Detail

Top Panel

Bottom Panel

Panel Module

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Date June 14th, 2017 Position The second iteration of PENUMBRA strives to cover as much square footage of the rooftop as possible, while reducing the number of end caps from two to one due to budgetary constraints. This required funds to go towards the materials and design of the structural system of the pergola itself. This can be seen by the cables on top of the pergola, as well as the added cross bracing in between columns. After an internal design review and consulting with the client, the East end cap was removed, while the West one remained to provide a stage and backdrop to obscure from the apartment building nearby. This end cap was also pushed further to the East so that there would be space for circulation behind the end cap. The other major change came in the end cap reflecting the modular panel system, which remained from the previous iteration but became much more intentional. However, the panels were also adapted to now be one panel per square. Key Changes Cross bracing added Cables added for support East end cap removed West end cap pushed out to the East Circulation added behind end cap Tight budget constraints

PENUMBRA Iteration Two

PART 2 Development

Before

After

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Before

After

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Plan

PART 2 Development

A’

Rooftop Deck

Top Layer of Fabric

Bottom Layer of Fabric

B’

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Section AA’

Section BB’

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PART 2 Development

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Date June 22nd, 2017 Position The third iteration of PENUMBRA comes after meeting with both the Des Moines City Zoning & Planning commission, Des Moines Fire Department Fire Prevention Bureau, and BNIM Architects. Following the meeting with the city, the conclusion was made that each panel must be 25% open due to air flow issues in relation to fire code and safety. This ultimately led to the development of the fabric pattern reflected in the final design. Another decision that was made following the two meetings was to get rid of the end cap system all together. This came as a result to ADA code requirements and more budgetary constraints after realizing the need to structurally reinforce the decking the structure sits on. The other major change that can be seen is the additional cross bracing system, which came as a need for even more structural integrity. Key Changes Cross bracing added End caps removed Tight budget constraints Structural reinforment under deck Panel system for air flow ADA constraints

PENUMBRA Iteration Three

PART 2 Development

Before

After

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Before

After

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Plan

PART 2 Development

A’

B’

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Section AA’

Section BB’

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PART 2 Development

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A satellite image showing the Des Moines Social Club campus, highlighted in pink, in context with downtown Des Moines, IA, 2017.

PENUMBRA

Part Three | Final Design

The final design reflects a total of around fifty iterations, meetings with zoning and permitting, structural engineers, and historic preservation. Shortly after the third iteration, the issue of historical tax credits arose and led to the height of the structure reducing significantly, as well as determining where it resides on the rooftop. Moreover, sun analyses were conducted in order to justify the need for a pergola. After talks about how to insure structural integrity, it was discovered that the cables originally drawn up were no longer needed. Another element that was able to go was the cross bracing system. Instead, knee bracing was introduced in order to free up space and circulation throughout the structure as a whole. The other major change can be seen in the span in between columns, allowing for a patterning of width as well as freeing up as much space as possible with structural constraints in mind. Ultimately the studio reached

a design that reflected the goals and ambitions of everyone in the studio, as well as the organization itself. The Des Moines Social Club prides itself as an organization that seeks to use art as a catalyst that brings the community closer together. Through the many concerts, weddings, art installations, and other various events that take place at the Des Moines Social Club, the pergola that we designed allows the organization to further its mission. By providing more usable square footage on the rooftop, we have increased the overall potential for the DMSC to succeed. This final design reflects the hard work of the twelve-person studio. PENUMBRA seeks to not only provide enough shade for the users on the rooftop, but also create playful shadows that make the space all the more welcoming. This space ultimately is now more welcoming, open, and inviting to the people of Des Moines.

Date June 27th, 2017 Key Changes Cross bracing removed Cables removed Modular spanning system Knee bracing introduced Height reduced per SHPO Placement adjusted per SHPO Fabric system per 25% open constraint

Before

PART 3 Final Design

After

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Before

After

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Before

PART 3 Final Design

After

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Before

After

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Plan

PART 3 Final Design

A’

B’

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Section AA’

Section BB’

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Isometric

1 5 3

PART 3 Final Design

1: Joist and column connection 2: Panel connection 3: Knee brace connection 4: Column to deck connection 5: Cantilevered edge connection

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A drone image of the rooftop of the Des Moines Social Club and PENUMBRA Des Moines, IA, 2017. Photo courtesy of Dronography Iowa.

PENUMBRA Part Four | Construction

The construction process was a combination of not only physically constructing the various components on site, but also assembling the materials on location in Ames. Having only a little over two weeks to cut, sand, stain, and construct all of our materials, work began right away after the final approval was given.

Overall, the process of construction on site was a demanding four days of work. While many of us, as well as others, thought that we would be pushing to meet our deadline, we were able to finish the construction a few days early, leaving enough time to celebrate under our completed structure.

Construction not only meant having to cut the wood at specific lengths and dimensions, but also staining and painting all of the hardware. Another aspect of the process was having to structurally reinforce the decking that was on the rooftop. This meant having to crawl below in order to sister the boards beneath, as well as adding blocking to ensure that the columns would remain secure.

The construction and design process was a meaningful experience that taught us all the important, defining fact of architecture that is it being a conversation. When the going gets rough, we kept going and the result was a structure we all were proud of.

Step One • • • •

Cut treated wood for sistering underneath the deck. Screw the sister boards on opposite sides of the boards where columns are going to be placed. Cut blocking from treated wood. Place blocking and screw with joist hangers at each column location in between the sistered boards.

PART 4 Construction

Isometric

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Step Two â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

Add the column bases and secure with lag bolt at location of the blocking. Place columns in each column base and secure the column bases.

Isometric

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Step Three • • •

Place the tapered joist on either side of the column. Screw into place with five deck screws. Drill holes for the threaded rods where fabric panels will sit.

PART 4 Construction

Isometric

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Step Four â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

Add the modular framing for the panels. Place joist hangers and secure the framing to the tapered joists with the hangers.

Isometric

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Step Five • • •

Nail the concealed joist hangers on the columns. Place the knee braces in the concealed joist hangers. Add the blocking in between each tapered joist for lateral strength.

PART 4 Construction

Isometric

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Step Six • • • •

Add threaded rods in pre-drilled holes. Screw mending plates on top of the frames to ensure panel integrity during uplift. Place tapered cantilevers in joist hangers. Use steel straps to reinforce cantilevers and straighten the system.

Isometric

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Step Seven â&#x20AC;˘

Place the panels in desired orientation beneath the mending plates and on resting on top of threaded rods.

PART 4 Construction

Isometric

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Step Eight â&#x20AC;˘

Add the trim around the outer edge of the panels.

Isometric

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