The Automotive Industry in Germany – Driving Performance through Technology Industry Overview
The Automotive Industry in Germany
Germany is the Geographic and Economic Center of Europe If Germany is known for one thing, it’s the automotive industry. But we‘re not just sitting back and riding on the coattails of our reputation as the home of the automobile. Our automotive industry continues to operate at full throttle. Automotive is Germany‘s largest industry by turnover, accounting for more than a third of total domestic R&D spending. German car manufacturers
and suppliers are world leaders in innovation with more than 3,500 registered patents every year. With 47 OEM components and assembly plants, 32 industry-related innovative clusters, 3,600 tier 1, 2, and 3 suppliers and Europe’s most experienced workforce, Germany is the primary location for technologydriven companies active in all stages of the value chain.
Finland
Sweden
Norway
Estonia Moscow Latvia Denmark
Ireland
< 24 h by
truck
United Kingdom
30 h >
Lithuania RU
< 12 h
15 h >
Belarus
Netherlands
Belgium
Germany
Poland
Luxembourg
Ukraine
Czech Republic Slovakia
France Switzerland
Austria
Moldova
Hungary
1.5 h >
Slovenia Croatia
Romania
BosniaHerzegovina
Portugal
Serbia
Spain Montenegro
Italy
Bulgaria Macedonia
Albania
3h>
Greece
Turkey
Malta
Member States of the European Union
Cyprus
Passenger Car Production in Europe 2007 in Million Units
Industry in Numbers
6
4
- Over EUR 290 billion in annual combined revenues for manufacturers and suppliers in 2007 – seven percent growth compared to 2006
310
1.4 0.7 Poland
Others
0.8 Belgium
- A year-on-year increase of 310,000 units in passenger car production – by far the largest in Europe - Industry R&D expenditures in 2007 exceeding EUR 18 billion - more than a third of total R&D spending in the German industry
Fracne
Belgium
18
63
92
77
117
200
100
0.9
Source: ACEA, 2008
Change in Passenger Car Production in Europe 2006/2007 in Thousand Units
300
Italy
UK
- 25 passenger car assembly plants - more than one third of Europe’s installed capacity
Spain
0
0.9
1
Czech R.
1.5
2
2.2
2.6
3
France
- 5.7 million passenger cars and 500,000 trucks and buses produced at German plants in 2007
5
Germany
- Number one automotive market by production and sales: accounting for 34 percent of all passenger cars produced and 20 percent1 of all new registrations in Europe2
5.7
The German Automotive
- 745,000 people work directly in the automotive industr y - 43 percent of them employed at the supplier level
-83
Italy
Poland
Czech R.
UK
1
Source: ACEA, 2008
2
European Union 25 + EFTA 3 (Switzerland,
Norway and Iceland)
-169
-200
Spain
-100
Germany
0
Source: ACEA, 2008
Industry Overview 2008 www.invest-in-germany.com
3
The Automotive Industry in Germany
The Advantages of Germany as a Location for Automotive Investments Advantages abound across all segments within the automotive value chain. The leading role played by German manufacturers and suppliers in the international vehicle industr y further demonstrates Germany‘s competitive edge as an outstanding business location. Market Germany hosts the largest concentration of OEM plants in Europe - creating considerable production volume, client and product diversification advantages for suppliers. Established suppliers in Germany are able to access nine different OEMs and their respective decision centers, 25 assembly plants (an impressive one third of Europe‘s total installed capacity) as well as production facilities of almost all top 100 tier 1 suppliers.
Value Chain Activity
Development
Design
Manufacturing
Distribution
Type of Facility
R&D Center
Design Center
Production & Assembly Site
Logistics Center
No. of Automotive Locations in Germany
211
212
25 3
33 4
Germany’s Share of the European Total
42%
36%
20%
34%5
1: OEM R&D centers 2: OEM design centers 3: OEM final assembly plants for passenger vehicles; the total number of OEM production sites in Germany is 47 4: Automotive logistics center 5: Share of German companies among top 100 European logistics providers Source: Automotive News Europe, Nov. 2006; German Federal Logistics Association (Bundesvereinigung Logistik), 2006; Invest in Germany Research, 2008
Personnel Germany‘s excellent highly-skilled labor force has been the key to success for the German automotive industry. Benefiting from the country‘s unique education system geared to meet industry needs, the industry can count on a direct workforce of almost 750,000 highly-trained and experienced people. One in nine employees work in automotive-related R&D. The steady flow of mechanical engineers graduating from approaching 100 universities and colleges is helping to ensure continuity of German engineering excellence.
BMW Group, production plant, CO 2 -booth underframe
4 Industry Overview 2008
Automotive Industry-Related Networks of Competence in Germany DENMARK BALTIC SEA Kiel
BALTIC SEA
Schleswig-Holstein NORTH SEA
3
Schwerin
Hamburg
MecklenburgVorpommern
1
2
Micro and Nanotechnology
Adaptronics
2
Automotive
3
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Power Engineering
4
1
Magdeburg
1
Virtual Engineering
11
Fuel Cells/Hydrogen
5
Mechanical Engineering
2
Power Electronics
6
Process Technology
Potsdam
North RhineWestphalia
2 Saxony-Anhalt
4 2 1
5
Düsseldorf
4
Materials Science
Dresden
Erfurt
Saxony
Traffic and Transportation
1
Component Behavior (Modeling)
Automotive Engineering
2
Surface Engineering of Plastics
and Telematics
3
Lightweight Construction
4
Natural Fiber Composites
5
Textile Research
Hessen Thuringia
BELGIUM
Microelectronics
(Hybrid Engines)
2 5
Mechatronics
Berlin
THE NETHERLANDS
2
Industrial Manufacturing 1
POLAND
4
Hanover
Recycling Technology
Microsystems
4
Brandenburg
Lower Saxony
Environmental Technology
Engineering 1
3
Bremen
Mechatronics/Microsystems
1 3
Wiesbaden
Rheinland-Pfalz Mainz
LUXEMBURG
2
1
3
Information and
CZECH REPUBLIC
Saarland
Communication Tech.
Saarbrücken
3 1
6
Stuttgart
FRANCE
Bavaria
3 Baden-Württemberg
1
Munich
4
1
Navigation, Telematics
2
Traffic Systems
3
Software Engineering
4
Virtual and Augmented Reality
1 National Border (Federal) State Borders (Federal) State Capital
SWITZERLAND
R&D Germany is home to 42 percent of all European OEM and tier 0.5 supplier automotive R&D centers. This makes the country the most important automotive development activity location in Europe. Germanbased suppliers and ser vice providers profit from close interaction with their clients from the pre-development stage. They can take advantage of joint research activities with some of the world‘s leading automotive technology research institutes and universities. Numerous innovation clusters integrate industry, science and education in automotive-related areas including mechatronics, microelectronics, mechanical engineering, manufacturing processes, and material sciences.
Source: Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, 2007
City-State
Technology Leader From machine building to electronics, Germany is the technological leader in all automotive-related industries.
infrastructure which supports the continued success of the highly efficient and smooth operating automotive logistics environment.
Physical Infrastructure Located at the heart of Europe, Germany offers a sophisticated infrastructure that integrates state-of-the-ar t transpor tation networks with the most modern and cost efficient IT and telecommunications systems available today. Not for nothing is Germany Europe‘s number one in logistics. Germany‘s exceptional strength in this area has been underlined by the World Economic Forum‘s (WEF) Global Competitiveness Report 2008 in which the German economy took first place for infrastructure. It is this world class
Incentives Germany offers investment incentives of up to 50 percent of capital expenditure. In addition, extensive support is also provided for employment and R&D purposes. Stable Investment Environment Social, economic and political stability all provide a solid base for your corporate projects. Our judiciary and civil services are highly professional. Contractual agreements are secure and intellectual property is strictly protected in Germany.
Industry Overview 2008 www.invest-in-germany.com
5
The Automotive Industry in Germany
No. of New Programs
16
Accumulated Peak Volume in 100,000 Units
12
8
7
- Within the next five years, 16 new vehicle programs - representing an accumulated volume of more than two million units at peak - will be launched in Germany. This represents one third of all new program launches in Europe within 2008 and 2012.
5 3
3
Sweden 2.0
4
Portugal 3.0
4
UK 1.1
Poland 5.4
Belgium 8.3
Czech R. 9.1
Italy 15.3
Germany 20.4
1 Spain 10.8
No other country in Europe can boast a comparable concentration of automotiverelated R&D, design, supply, manufacturing, and assembly facilities. No other country in Europe provides the same new investment opportunities offered by the German industry.
New Vehicle Programs and Forecast Volumes in European OEM Plants (SOP 2008 -2012)
France 11.3
Opportunities
- German vehicle manufacturers are committed to delivering further CO 2 emission reductions. The goal for 2012 is clearly set by the European Commission - new Source: European Light Vehicle Industry Forecast, Global Insight, 2007 vehicles are to produce not more than 130 g/km by means of vehicle technology improvements and other contributory facThis approach translates into a strong - The industry is supported by an active tors. A further 10 g/km reduction is foredemand for innovative products that en- innovation policy and significant pubseen through other improvements and lic investments. A total of EUR 15 billion hance fuel economy and energy efficiency. increased use of bio-fuels. The industry has been made available by the German Powertrain solutions providers, battery is building on the country‘s longstanding manufacturers, advanced materials (includ- Federal Government for R&D projects experience in environmental technologies in cutting edge technologies. Applicable ing light metals and composites) suppliers, to secure a leading position in all fields of research fields in the automotive industry and electronics systems suppliers are all sustainable mobility. include: alternative fuels, fuel cell techfinding unique business opportunities in nology, alternative powertrain and energy Germany. storage systems, active safety, vehicle-toX communication and traffic management systems. All companies active in Germany (regardless of country of provenance) are eligible.
Mercedes-Benz Direct Hybrid concept vehicle
6 Industry Overview 2008
Incentives for Investments in the Automotive Industry Germany offers numerous incentives for all investors - regardless of whether they are from Germany or otherwise. There is a large selection of programs designed to support a wide variety of business activities at different stages of the investment process available. Support ranges from cash incentives for the reimbursement of direct investment costs to incentives for labor and R&D.
Types of Incentives Incentives
+
Investment Incentives Package
Cash Incentives Investment Grant Investment Allowance1
Reduced Interest Loans
Public Guarantees State
KfW Loans (National Level) State Development Banks
Combined State/ Federal
Operational Incentives Package
Labor-Related Incentives
R&D Incentives Grants
Recruitment Support
Loans Training Support Wage Subsidies
1)
only in eastern Germany
Silent/Direct Partnership
Source: Invest in Germany Research, 2008
The amount of these investment incentives generally depends on three factors: project scope, investor company size and the new investment location. Investment incentives can reach up to 50 percent of Investors’ production facility set-up costs eligible expenditures once these factors can be significantly reduced using a numhave been considered. ber of different measures from Germany’s extensive investment incentives package. The package consists of cash incentives, loan programs offering reduced interest rates and public guarantees at state and national level.
Germany’s Investment Incentives Package
BMW Leipzig plant, central building: Production BMW 3 Series Industry Overview 2008 www.invest-in-germany.com
7
The Automotive Industry in Germany
Cash Incentives The main instrument of Germany’s investment incentives package are cash incentives provided in the form of direct investment grants. Germany will make more than EUR 2.3 billion in cash incentives available in 2008. Investment grants are offered in several incentive regions in Germany. Eligible investment costs include the purchase or production costs of buildings, machinery and equipment. The purchasing costs of intangible assets are likewise eligible. In general, investment projects must create long-term jobs in order to benefit from investment grant provision. In eastern Germany, investment grants are complemented by the Investment Allowance (Investitionszulage IZ), which is usually provided in the form of a cash pay-
ment and/or tax credit. As with investment grants, eligible Investment Allowance costs include the purchase or production costs of buildings, machinery and equipment. Because the Investment Allowance is a tool specifically created to support the eastern parts of Germany, all equipment financed through the investment allowance must remain in eastern Germany for at least five years upon completion of the investment project. Interest-Reduced Loans Special loan programs make up a second component of Germany’s investment incentives package. They are offered by publicly organized financial institutions. These programs usually offer loans at below-market interest rates and subordinated loans similar to equity.
VW plant Wolfsburg – Golf GTI and Golf R32 production (body construction)
8 Industry Overview 2008
The provision of such loans makes it easier for investors to access additional funding from public banks. Public Guarantees The investment incentives package is completed by public guarantees. This tool is offered by the state and the federal government to help secure private bank loans.
Germany’s Operational Incentives Package Labor-Related Incentives Labor-related incentives are available throughout Germany. The Federal Employment Agency and all German states offer a range of different labor-related incentives programs. They can be divided into three main groups: programs focusing on recruitment support, training support, and wage subsidies respectively. Incentives for R&D Projects Germany offers several incentives programs targeted at reducing the operating costs of R&D projects. Programs operate at the regional and national level wholly independent from investment incentives.
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Automotive drive simulator
The High-Tech Strategy: Sectors with Relevant Budgets 2006-2009 in EUR Million At the national level, all R&D incentives programs are subsumed under the Federal Government’s four-year High-Tech Strategy. The High-Tech-Strategy defines specific sectors with a high dependency on new high-tech developments. Each sector comprises various R&D programs. More than EUR 770 million is available for R&D projects in the automotive and traffic technologies sector.
Most R&D projects related to the automotive industry are financed through programs focusing on automotive and traffic technologies providing an incentives budget of EUR 770 million. According to application focus, possibility exists to participate in other funding programs (e.g. materials, production, microsystems, et al.). Space technologies Energy technologies Information and communication tech. Health research and medical technology Automotive and traffic technologies Nanotechnologies Biotechnology Environmental technologies Materials technologies Optical technologies Plants Aviation and aeronautical technologies Production technologies Microsystems technology Maritime technologies Security research Services
3,650 2,000 1,180 800 770 640 430 420 420 310 300 270 250 220 150 80 50
Source: German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
Industry Overview 2008 www.invest-in-germany.com
9
The Automotive Industry in Germany
Invest in Germany Closely Supports Your Project Management Team throughout the Entire Investment Decision Process Investment Decision Process – Areas of Invest in Germany Support Investment Process Milestones Strategy
Evaluation
Decision and Investment
Invest in Germany Key Support Areas
- General market information Information
- Industry guides/reviews - Conditions for investment, e.g. economic data,labor market, incentive programs, and tax & legal framework
- Discussion of market entry strategies
- Support with final site decision
- Advice on project financing
- Selection of project partners and facilitators (service providers,financial partners)
- Model calculation of potential incentives Consulting and Project Coordination
- Proactive identification of business opportunities - Identification of projectspecific location factors
- Cost factor analysis - Identification of possibilities for cooperation with suppliers, R&D institutes, technology partners, etc. - Organization of site visits and fact finding missions - Contact with the economic development corporations of the German states
Invest in Germany Helps You Our teams of industry experts in the automotive and related industries will assist you in setting up your operations in Germany. From design and engineering centers to manufacturing and assembly plants, we can support your project management team from the earliest stages of your expansion strategy. We do this by providing you with all the industry insider information you need – covering ever y thing from automotive markets and segments to industry trends and the supplier landscape; automotive
10 Industry Overview 2008
technology R&D to industry regulation and the domestic labor market.
- Negotiations with relevant authorities - Assistance with the incentives application process - Seamless project handover to the economic development corporation in the selected state
to provide you with the relevant background information on Germany’s tax and legal system.
Profit from our experience and knowhow to identify the investment location Invest in Germany’s financial exper ts which meets your specific investment help you create the appropriate financial criteria. We help turn your requirements package for your investment and bring into concrete investment site proposals, you into contact with suitable financial providing free consultation ser vices to partners. Specialists provide you with ensure you make the right location deci- detailed information about available sion. We coordinate site visits, meetings incentives, support you with the applicawith potential suppliers, service provid- tion process, and arrange contacts with ers, technology par tners, universities local economic development corporations. and other institutes active in the automo- Take advantage of our range of free of tive field. Our team of experts is at hand charge services.
Picture credits
Cover Photograph: ©Daimler Page 2 Germany is the Geographic and Economic Center of Europe Graphic: ©www.typoly.de Page 4 The Advantages of Germany as a Location for Automotive Investments Photograph: ©BMW Group Page 6 Opportunities Photograph: ©Daimler Page 7 Incentives for Investments in the Automotive Industry Photograph: ©BMW Group Page 8 Incentives for Investments in the Automotive Industry Photograph: ©Volkswagen Page 9 Germany’s Operational Incentives Package Photograph: ©DLR – Institut für Verkehrssyteme
Imprint
Publisher & Editor Invest in Germany GmbH Friedrichstraße 60 10117 Berlin Germany T. +49 30 200 099-0 F. +49 30 200 099-111 office@invest-in-germany.com www.invest-in-germany.com Managing Director: Michael Pfeiffer Director Marketing Communications: Bettina Knape Contact Automotive Industry: automotive@invest-in-germany.com Conception, Layout, Text, Translations Invest in Germany Supported by Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology Note Invest in Germany, April 2008 All information provided by Invest in Germany is for informational purposes only and not legally binding. Invest in Germany does not accept liability for inaccuracies or errors in translation.
©
About Us Invest in Germany is the inward investment promotion agency of the Federal Republic of Germany. We assist and advise potential investors interested in Germany. Foreign enterprises planning to establish their business operations in Germany can ob-
Headquarters Invest in Germany GmbH Friedrichstraße 60 10117 Berlin Germany T. +49 30 200 099-0 F. +49 30 200 099-111 automotive@invest-in-germany.com www.invest-in-germany.com
tain information on the business environment, such as the corporate investment framework, tax regulations, and subsidies.
services from site selection to the final realization of the investment. All inquiries are kept confidential and our services are free of charge.
Our range of services includes strategic planning, market research and competitive analysis. Our experts provide comprehensive project management and support
We support investors from our headquarters in Berlin and from our offices in the US, China, and Japan.