ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE
ADSAIR 2012
TOM TUNG NGUYEN 355 912
CONTENTS 1. CASE FOR INNOVATION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
FEDERATION SQUARE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FENCE GALLERIA CENTERCITY DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF NATURE CORIAN SUPER-SURFACE SHOWROOM UAE GEOMETRIC FOREST BIONIC TOWER
2. RESEARCH PROJECT 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
MATRIX COMBINATION CASE STUDY- DIOR GINZA DEVELOPMENT EXPERIMENTATION
3. EOI CONCLUSION
3.1 GATEWAY PROPOSAL/INTERM
3 4 5 7 9 12 13
15 18 23 25
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PREFACE Wyndham Gateway Project: The growing city of Wyndham is looking to establish a third major gateway to provide focus to the western interchange entry to the city. The site is located near the edge of the Wyndham urban growth boundary where future residential and commerical developments will meet the undeveloped plains. Wyndham city for the past few years have been addressing the issue of its image, supporting its public art and sculptor. Art in Wyndham has become part of their everyday life and a central thread connecting people and place. The installation will be primarily viewed by motorist travelling on the freeway, connecting geelong and the south west coast to the CBD. “The Western Gateway installation should provide an entry statement and arrival experience and become a new identifier for the municapality. The installation should create a focal point of iconic scale and presence and encourage a sense of pride within the local community. The Western Gateway should propose new, inspiring and brave ideas, to generate a new dicourse.� Wyndham City, 2011. Focusing on Orginallity & Engaging in Form, Abstract and Daytime & Night time viewing, we developed design drivers of Illusion/Perception, Movement/Interaction and Light Experiental which we shall focus on in our design aproach.
CASE FOR INNOVATION
PERSONAL:
FEDERATION SQUARE Melbourne, Australia, 2002 LAB Architecture Studio
Known as Fed Square, this iconic public space has integrated itself into the lives of all Melbournians. Its distinctive “Fractal Facade” has always and maybe still, be under constant interpretations. It is this inital interpretations of the building that makes it what it is today, a public space that is enjoyed by the hundreds of users and visitors each day. It is somewhat become a cliche in its design, as the quote from Bates Smart; “difference and coherence” - the bringing together of cultures to create something unique. Bates Smart, 1997. A project so complex and ambitious at the time, was aimed at celebrating the growing city of Melbourne, drawing inspiration from the unique urban characterics. Represented in its form and facade, this fractal design incorporates the understanding of surface geometries, contrasting sandstone, zinc and glass, where normally its visual propertise would fail together has been able to maintain an overall coherence. The identity of the building to place that Fed Square has been able to create through endless interpretation, fits in well with our Gateway project for Wyndham city. The gateway in itself would have to become an identity/icon of Wyndam.
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CASE FOR INNOVATION
STATE OF THE ART:
THREE-DIMENSIONAL FENCE
SALLI ARCHITEKTEN
A parametrically altered design of a typical fence, this cocoon like structure accentuates the 3-dimenionality of space. The structure is fragmentized as thought the floor is being warped, creating a “spatial experience� of awe. The design helps to frames the view of its surrounding so that an awareness of space that reveals its true potenial. The design uses integrated panels which follows the form of the structure. The overall shell itself is not entirely covered in panels which recreates the fragmentising experience but in the form lighitng and shading. This affect is accenutated by allowing certian panels to be able to rotate around it axis. What this project does so successfully is that it has been able to give its users a spatial experience of illusion while giving emphasis to the surrounding in which it frames view.The interaction with light and shading, is something that i hope to experiment with in the Gateway project, be it with static exposed panels or kinetically interactive panels. Page 4.
CASE FOR INNOVATION
STATE OF THE ART:
GALLERIA CENTRECITY Cheonan, Korea, 2010 UNStudio architect’s
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CASE FOR INNOVATION
The main architectural theme for the Galleria Cheonan is that of dynamic flow which is expressed in the layout and optical illusion in its facade design. Featuring a double layered facade, the external layer incorporates aluminium extrusion profiles and the internal layer is printed aluminium cladding. The profiling of the of the external layer are vertically straight, with the back layer set to an angle, the result is a wave like appearance which changes depending on the viewpoint of the vistors. This Moire efftect creates an illusion of an extruding form on what is essentially a flat surface. The vertical lines on the facade also makes the building unreadable as Ben van Berkel describes. “The most interesting thing to me about the effect of the Galleria Cheonan is that, because of the organisation of the atrium and the moiré treatment of the facade, Illusions are created which result in the seeming alteration of scales and the creation of double images. No image is permanent in this building.” The facade also features an intergrated lighting design which acts as a media facade, at night projecting soft colour waves of light. The different types of experience during the day and night is something that could be explored in the gateway project. The moire affect of optical illusion is something i hope to incorporate in the design
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CASE FOR INNOVATION
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION:
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF NATURE EB Office
A wall installation in the leonardo Museum of Art, Science and technology in Salt Lake City, Utah. It aims to communicate the global environmental information through an interactive interface embedded in the material of the wall. Inspired by the concept that sustainability for the 21st century should be crafted to evolve beyond conventional application of green techniques into something alive and integrated with the environment. Using environmental sensor, data is feed to solar powered led embedded in the contours of the installation. Changes in temperature, wind, seismicity, and other factors are then represented in the installation lighting. The LEDs reflect these fluctuations with continuous spectral waves that represent minute shifts in the data feed from moment to moment. In relation to the Gateway of Wyndham, the extruded contoured panels creates a very strong sense of movement. Being extruded panels this will also affects how much the vistor can see through the wall changing depending on their viewpoint. This could create another dimension in the overall design of the moire pattern. Page 7.
CASE FOR INNOVATION
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RESEARCH PROJECT
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION:
CORIAN SUPER-SURFACES SHOWROOM Milan, 2009 Amanda Levete Architects
Amanda Levete Architects, based in London, won the Interiors and Fit-Out Prize awarded at WAF, 2009. “Transforming standard existing panel products the architect has demonstrated how to achieve a visually rich space with an economy of material and means.� The Corian lounge, architectural concept is about space that is animated by the movement of people. Inspired by the ripples of waters, which causes intricate moire patterns, the installation is about revealing the moment of change through visual complexity. Expressed in the twisting and extruding of geometry of the sheets, dynamic forms of movements are created. Light is again used to emphasis the voids between each panels and the visual movement of the installation. Digital technology was used as part of the process for generating the design as well as for the fabrication of the installation. Page 9.
RESEARCH PROJECT
This precedent exploration of movement using panels helps explores the different possiblities to a new dimensions in the way the panels are twisted to limit and create view points which in itself reflects a sense of movement. The way artifical lighting is used to help emphasis such movement can be axplored in the gateway project for possible night lighting. Page 10.
CASE FOR INNOVATION PARAMETRIC DESIGN:
There are many potential benefits of parametric modeling within architecture, it allowes an increase in complexity in design in a shorter period of time. It has enable architects to manipulate and rationalise design intent. Building design and construction solution can be developed using pre-rational process. Multiple design alternatives can be generated and evalutaed to provide the most efficient design, creating a bridge between different disciplines. “Parametric design has enabled the exploration of complex geometry and deeper exploration of tradition design methods.” Roy Hudson
Structures have always been dervived from nature, and with the advancements in digital technology, architects and engineers can explore natural structures even deeper. An interesting example is a lightweight structural system found in bone tissues, especiallu found in birds. Bird’s bone tissue structure are extraordinary impact-resistant and extremely light, this performance and physical property can be applied in structures and architectural design. With the avaiable parametric computation, digital represtenation of the biometic double layered structure can be created by studying and researching the organisation of the bone tissue cells into a developed algorithm equation. This sets up new paradigms and new concepts that would help construct a new architectural discourse, with parametric computation as the main tool. Page 11.
CASE FOR INNOVATION
PROGRAMMING & SCRIPTING:
UAE GEOMETRICAL FOREST Abu Dhabi, UAE, UNBUILT LAVA architect’s
UAE Geometrical Forest is an example of a nature inspired digital proposal. An architectural forest is created by integrating a lightweight membrane layer attached to a tree structure whose form is determined by the most efficient load path and distribution points. The result is 4 tree like structures, whose branches form a dome than spans the courtyard, seen in the image to the left. The membrane layer consist of a perforated pattern, which during the day provides a cool sheltered area, which also displays a shadow pattern, which represents the tree leaves shadow filtering through. Commputation has allow for new and unique interptations of ideas. Digital technology has allowed the architect to become the engineer to some aspects that new programming has allow for simulations for architectural design with incoporates the material propertises of the design. The result it a more efficient process for the architect where the engineer is consulted more efficiently.
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What this allows us to do in the Gateway project is to turn to the environment of Wyndham for inspiration, may it be the Werrible River which has had a vital role in the development of Wyndham. Using programming, a script can be created to help dictate the patterns or contours used in the design depending on the nature of the river.
CASE FOR INNOVATION STATE OF THE ART:
BIONIC TOWER
Abu Dhabi, UAE, UNBUILT LAVA architect’s
“Architecture has to perform as an ecosystem within the organic tissue of the city.” (LAVA, 2007) The Bionic Tower by LAVA is proposal in which advance computation helps create a new discourse of architectural buildings, in the way it is design, functions and adapts to it external environment. The design concept of the Bionic Tower is to explore the array of ways in which nature and architecture can emerge as one structure. It uses reference to the biological organisation of the ecosystem, achieving its intelligence from the overall system. By using parametric modeling of a behavioural logic the system is constantly adapting and optimizing it performance. Inspired by nature and using advanced computation, they were able to design a structure with great lightness, efficiency and elegance. In addition new materials and technologies have enable the design to be adaptable, responsive, environmental awareness and strength. The design proposes the importance of a smart intelligent system, which embodies the efficiencies found within natural structures and architectures. Relating back to the gateway project, we could explore the possiblities of incorporating the wyndham enironment and natural structures such as the werribe river into the deisgn or possibly turning to the environment for inspiration of the design form.
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CASE FOR INNOVATION
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RESEARCH PROJECT CUT DEVELOPMENT
RHINO & GRASSHOPPER MATRIX COMBINATION Inputs / Association / Output
The Matrix below is an introduction to the capabilities of parametric modelling with Grasshopper. Using simple scripts provided under “INPUTS”, “ASSOICATIONS” and “OUTPUT”, a variety of different combinations can be achieved to express different design ideas.
Attractor Point
Curve Attractor Image Sampler
Maths Function
Through this experiment are we able to understand some of the advantages of a scripted design, where a design can be manipulated in various ways to achieve the desire affect without have to start again.
Arbitary Points
Boolean Pattern
Curve Intersection
Explicit Grids (rec)
INPUTS Page 15.
Attractor Point Explicit Grids (hex)
Overlapping Pattern
Surface Grids
INPUTS Page 16.
Surface Normals
ASSOCIATION
Curve Attractor Image Sampler
Maths Function
Multi-Maths Fn.
Using Sets
RESEARCH PROJECT
RESEARCH PROJECT Explicit Grids (Square & Hexagon) Similar to the surface divide component, the Explicit Grid component provides the user with more control the gird design. Like when using the hexagonal grid which has a more interesting layout similar to the boolean pattern of “true false� but in both the x and y directions. This affects could be used in exploring the spacing of the screen for the moire pattern, so that it would be suitable for high speed interaction.
Square Grid
Hexagon Grid
Overlapping Patterns Overlapping Patterns invovles two sets of scripts for the same pattern where when combine produces a pattern of greater and interesting details. It may also be seen as hexagonal grid but with more control points. Attractor Curve Attractor curve is an assoication which allows for interesting patterns to form. It works like a radar, where the distance between the points from the curve, determines the size of the circles.
Using Sets An association which allows for controlled set of circle diameters, providing clearer patterns to form.
Image Sampler Image sampler was a interesting tool where images were used as the function for the script, where light and shade would ditact the sizes of the circles. This allows for faster exploration of patterns.
Conclusion Relating it back to the Gateway project, the scripts above were of great interest to our group as we believe we could further explore and create a design pattern that could provide the illusion of movement whilst having an interesting affect of lighting and shading. Page 17.
RESEARCH PROJECT
PRECEDENT CASE STUDY
DIOR GINZA by Office of Kumiko Inui, Tokyo, Japan, 2004.
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RESEARCH PROJECT
DIOR GINZA by Office of Kumiko Inui, Tokyo, Japan, 2004.
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RESEARCH PROJECT
PRECEDENT: CUT STUDY Our Group choose the Dior Ginza Facade for our Cut-Study, the reason being that we wanted to explore the possiblities of perforations and how it may be used to produce movement and form on a two-dimensional level. It was also interesting in that is also contributed to two of our other design drivers of light and illusions. In this case study we had desired to achieve a technical level in which we can use in our Gateway Project of Wyndham. The Dior Ginza facade is inspired from the cannage pattern found in their signature handbag design. The facade is created from a double layered skin, the external layer compromising of a 10mm thick aluminum panels, which are perforated with two set of diameter, which creates the cannage pattern. The second layer however is a printed silkscreen pattern, scaled down by 30%. The two skins are also separated by an airspace which is fiber optically illuminated. When all three components are put together at night, it produces a hazy and ghostly effect similar to the moire effect.
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RESEARCH PROJECT
The Dior Ginza uses a perforated external layer, which is said to replicate the cannage pattern from there handbag range. This pattern can be recreated by connecting together the larger circles. The cannage pattern then can also be broken down by applying a square grid over its pattern, the result is three different sets of square panels, with two panels just being rotated. This makes writing the scripts for each panel much simpler, and also the fabrication process is much more efficient.
Rotated panels - 2 sets of circle diameters used to create the pattern above.
Plain panels - perforated panel using one set circle diameter. (small circles)
The Panels are re-engineered in grasshopper using a “explicit grid:square” input with an “attractor curve” and “using set” association. The surface is broken down into square grids where circles would be created at the points. The attractor curve is used to re-create the pattern of the cannage design, along with the using sets, which set limits to the circle diameters depending on its distant from the attractor curves. Page 21.
RESEARCH PROJECT
The panel pattern is then fabricated to see if we achieve the same/similar affects of the Dior Ginza facade. The results we achieve were quite pleasing. We especially like how the perforation would line up at particular points which created stunning lighting images. We also found that the distant from the two panels also had a major affect depending on the angle at which it is being viewed at. We also then tried exploring perforations in a wavey curve with the back panel 30% smaller, however the affects weren’t that great as it should of required to sized perforations. But from that panels we can also see the sorts of affects that we can expect if we were to use circle strips for a patterned screen to achieve a kind of moire effect.
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RESEARCH PROJECT MOIRE PATTERN: ILLUSION Our interest in illusion and movement saw our group researching the effects of the Moire pattern. The illusion affect is achieve by the interference of patterns created when two screens are overlaid at an angle. The result is an entirely new pattern determined by the angle at with it is laid at. When the one screen is constantly moving over the other, the result was a moving pattern. The Moire effect can also be achieve using a variety of pattern either the same or in conjunction with a vertical strip screen as seen below which produces a more hazy and ghostly effect.
MOIRE MOVEMENT: Experimenting with the movement and form of the Galleria Centrecity moire pattern, which uses two vertical strip layers with the internal layer incoporating control angles at particular points which helps to create the the illusion of an extruding form on a two dimensional plane.
Our conclusion to this small experiment was that the illusion of form can be created with two static screens but then it was more effective when the front screen was moving across the other. The effects were all there but we needed to design a more dynamic pattern so that the two static screens could produce the same affect as if one screen was moving. Perspective was also and important factor in the kinds of forms that are produced. Page 23.
RESEARCH PROJECT MOVEMENT PATTERN
Our exploration of movement in patterns found us looking into sine wave patterns and curves. Our aim was to test the kind of affects that can be produced when placed behind a vertical screen, to produce the moire affect.
EXPERIMENTING with the MOIRE PATTERN
In grasshopper we set to produce the vertical moire screen, which started as our basic model. Then to create the desired curve we divide the surface into grids, where attractor curves were used to control the degree of curves. At this stage there wasn’t any conceptual theme driving the design of the screen but the aim of creating what we though could achieve our goal of movement in a 2D plane.
In our next experiment we want to produced extruding planes which would create some threshold on the visual affects of the moire pattern. This required thinner strips which would eventually be reproduced and stacked up to create the extruded planes. We also noticed that with thinner strips the level of dynamics in the pattern appeared greater. Page 24.
RESEARCH PROJECT EXPERIMENT ONE: Moire pattern
EXPERIMENT TWO: Reverse of Exp.1
EXPERIMENT THREE: Two patterned screen
EXPERIMENT FOUR: Contoured profiles
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RESEARCH PROJECT EXPERIMENT FIVE: Moire pattern 2
EXPERIMENT SIX: 3 Layered moire
EXPERIMENT SEVEN: Moire pattern with extruded screen
EXPERIMENT EIGHT: Reverse of Exp.8, illusion of form
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RESEARCH PROJECT EXPERIMENT NINE: Movement in Deep Contour by JAKE KELLY
DESIGN CONCEPT:
Comparing the affects of experiments, we particularly found experiment four interesting in how it could provide a third dimension into the whole design. The extruding contours provides a threshold in the perspective angle which would draw the attention of the viewers into the form/movement of the profiled contours like that od experiment nine. The moire pattern is still kept as it would provide the illusion of movement when viewed at a perpendicular angle.
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EOI CONCLUSION
EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
WESTERN GATEWAY CONCEPT
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EOI CONCLUSION DESIGN BRIEF & DESIGN IDEAS:
In addressing our clients the Wyndham city council’s design brief, three key design consideration seem to appeal to our group the most; they are Original & Engaging in Form, Abstract, Day & Night time viewing. It is within these three main consideration that we believe we can achieve an design that meets all of Wyndham requirements; in that it will become a place identifier, reflect the image of the local community, provide an arrival experience, inspire new and brave ideas, to generate a new discourse. From the three design considerations, we developed three design drivers: Illusion/Perspective, Movement/Interaction and Light/Experiential.
DESIGN PROPOSAL:
The main theme and connections of the installation are based on the Werribee River, one of the major attraction in Wyndham city. The Werribee river which aboriginal name translates into spine or backbone. The design proposal is a wall which runs along Site A and across and over the road into Site B is inspired from the backbone of the kangaroo seen in aboriginal painting where the backbone is greatly emphasised. The overall form of the wall is manipulated to maximise the optimal viewing period of the users while interacting with both direction of traffic. Page 29.
EOI CONCLUSION CONTOURED PROFILING: movement
The contoured profiling layer which is attached to the front of the Miore pattern will take inspiration from the Werribee River which has a major role in their local history and source of water. The river is a major attraction in Wyndham providing a variety of activities for local and visitors such as fishing, canoing, and hiking trails. The contours of the river will be adapted into the profiling of the panels, to reflect the rivers dimensions. Its winding form will create dynamic forms of movements which will be experienced by the users at an angle.
MOIRE PATTERN:illusion
Instead of having a patterns which just evoked movement by using curves we intend to create a series of flowing images that uses patterns inspired from the local aborginal paintings. But when viewed at highspeed it will create the illusion that the pattern is flowing you as you drive along the freeway.
DAY/NIGHT TIME EXPERIENCE:light
During the Day the experiences of the Moire effect will be manipulated depending on the period of the day, taking advantage of the morning sun, to reflect patterns of the moire onto the road, also protecting morning glare. At Night the installation will be lit up from behind to reflect the moire pattern onto the contoured panels and ground. Coloured lights are used and controlled depending on current humidity and temperature. Headlights from on coming traffic will also add to the affect adding flashes of light which will filter through the screen and be seen on the opposite side. Page 30.