T H OMAS YO U N G AC ADEMIC PORTFOLIO T HE S IS M AST E R O F AR CHI T EC T U R E
U N I VE R SI T Y O F L IV ER P O O L
Sp a cePort UK Ll anbedr
Introduction Spaceflight became part of human achievement in the 20th century following theoretical and practical breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Robert H. Goddard. The Soviet Union took the lead in the post-war Space Race, launching the first satellite, the first man and the first woman into orbit. The United States caught up with their Soviet rivals, landing the first man on the Moon in 1969. Following the end of the Space Race, spaceflight has been characterised by greater international co-operation, cheaper access to low Earth orbit and an expansion of commercial ventures. Interplanetary probes have visited all of the planets in the Solar System, and humans have remained in orbit for long periods aboard space stations such as Mir and the ISS. Most recently, China has emerged as the third nation with a significant spaceflight capability, including manned missions. The most commonly used definition of outer space is everything beyond the Kármán line, which is 100 kilometres (62 mi) above the Earth’s surface, though the United States sometimes defines outer space as everything beyond 50 miles (80 km in altitude.) Rockets are the only current practical means of reaching space. Conventional aeroplane engines cannot reach space due to the lack of oxygen. Rocket engines expel propellant to provide forward thrust that generates enough velocity to reach orbit. Though these means of reaching orbit work, they are exceptionally expensive and require a number stages to the rocket to be discarded during the launch which are then unusable. Due to the expense of sending rockets into space,The United States decided to end the Shuttle Programme and retired their fleet of reusable spacecraft with the intention of creating a single stage aircraft to reach outer orbit. Whilst the United States concentrated on using SCRAM Jet systems, which have many downfalls, the UK were looking at using conventional air breathing jet systems. With this, the SABRE Enginewas developed by Reaction Engines, and the SKYLON Spacecraft was conceived. The UK government realised that this new means of transport, the largest advancement in propulsion since Whittle developed the jet engine, would have a significant economic opportunity for the country by creating new jobs and making sure that any future SKYLON development stays within the country. With this in mind they outlined the proposal of creating a spaceport for SKYLON to operate out of, with the intention that Virgin Galactic could also use it as a European base.
Site Occupiers
Lear Jets and other means of private transportation will be a staple of the site by being the main means of travel to and from the Hypersonic Passenger Terminal for the worlds wealthy.
Virgin Galactic’s Space tourism allows paying customers to experience true weightlessness and view the earth from space. Virgin Galactic’s sub-orbital and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) micro-satellite delivery project makes space more accessible and cheaper to smaller organisations.
SKYLON is used to deliver satellites as well as human and material payloads to the international space station. SKYLON reaches the earth’s orbit in one single stage vastly reducing the weight and cost and material waste.
The LAPCAT hypersonic airliner significantly reduces intercontinental travel times. Each plane seats 300 passengers and can reach Australia in two to four hours depending on the winds. Ticket prices will be high and aimed at business people and wealthy individuals.
Site Selection
Stornoway Kinloss Barracks RAF Lossiemouth Campbeltown Airport Glasgow Prestick Airport RAF Leuchars Llanbedr Newquay
With the CAA’s guidance, the government shortlisted eight suitable locations for the UK’s first spaceport. It was vital to analyse each of these sites in order to choose which location will provide the greatest opportunities for such a project. The UK Government, following guidance from the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), named eight suitable locations based around the UK, all of which would provide the necessary needs for the new Spaceport. Accompanying this, the CAA published both a technical report and an additional document consisting of the summary and its conclusions, both of which come under the title “U.K. Government Review of Commercial Space Plane Certification and Operations”. These reports outline the possible locations as well as the criteria used in order to select them. From the eight initial locations outlined by the authority, six are located in Scotland, one in England and one in Wales.
Runway Length
Population
For the spaceplane to be operational there needs to be a runway of at least 5.5km, or the necessary room to extend to this.
The site must be located away from densely populated areas to reduce any risk to the population if the spacecraft fails during flight.
Transportation
Air Space
Environmental Issues
Weather
Water
Good transport links to the site are essential, or the means and room for creating them available.
The site needs to be clear from as many existing flight paths as possible. This helps to reduce any inconvenience posed onto the existing paths during testing phases
Linked with the population stipulation, environmental issues have been considered, including noise pollution and the need to store vast amounts of fuel. For this reason it is necessary to distance the site away from densely populated areas.
The weather also has to be considered; prevailing winds will help with takeoff. Good weather will also be of benefit when launching the spacecraft.
The site needs to be next to or near to the sea. This allows for the craft to ditch at sea if there is a problem, without landing close to a town or city.
Chosen Site - Llanbedr, Wales
Bangor
Porthmadog Pwllheli Llanbedr Barmouth
Llanbedr is a small village located in the area of Gwynedd, North Wales on the edge of the Snowdonia National Park. It has strong connections to its neighbouring villages of Llanfair, Dyffyrn Ardudwy, Llanddwywe and Tal-y-bont. The A496 coastal road from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Llaneltyd, as well as a single-track rail line, which runs from Shrewsbury to Pwllheli, are the most direct means of access to Llanbedr and the surrounding area. The Welsh Assembly has highlighted a number of areas within Wales to be deemed as Enterprise Zones. These are geographical locations, which support new and expanding businesses by providing excellent business infrastructure and compelling incentives. One of these locations is the Snowdonia Enterprise Zone. This zone consists of two key locations, one being the decommissioned Nuclear Power Station, Trawsfyndd, and the second being Llanbedr Airfield itself. The nearest town is that of Barmouth, located 7 miles to the south from the center of Llanbedr, which lies on the estuary of the River Mawddatch and Cardigan Bay. Historically the town grew around the shipbuilding industry, and more recently as a seaside resort, which attracts many visitors during the summer months. Due to this a number of caravan parks have sprung up along the coastline between Barmouth and Llanbedr.
Population
158 0-15 Years
578 16-64 Years
362 65+ Years
Households
528 Total
134 With Children
212 65+ Years
Employment
Hire Me
44 Unemployed
136 Skilled Workers
136 Unskilled Workers
Education - 5 GCSEs A*- C A496
Llanbedr - 62.3%
Trainline Llanbedr Village SSSI
UK - 56%
Llanbedr Airfield
The Problem Llanbedr has always been a small and traditional village, and it is essential that it has links with neighbouring locations for needs such as jobs and various amenities. Grown around the slate mining industry, Llanbedr grew into the village it is today, and its population typically worked within the many mines located around the area. Needless to say, these mines eventually closed and many of its population were left without work. Fortunately, for the village, two areas of employment arose in the form of the local airfield, run by the RAF and the nearby Trawsfynydd Nuclear Power Station. These provided many skilled jobs for the residents of Llanbedr and the surrounding areas. However, upon the closure of these, the residents were again left without many skilled jobs within the area and the village was left to survive mainly through the tourism industry. The spaceport will bring many new skilled jobs to the area, however it is possible that some of the local residents will object to such major changes to their local community.
The Key Issues •Not enough skilled employment opportunities within the area •High levels of deprivation within the village •Ageing population due to lack of job opportunities •Lack of tourist attractions within the village of Llanbedr
• Lack of congregation spaces within the village • The challenge of creating and integrating a new high-tech complex against the backdrop of a rural and traditional Welsh village • Create an exciting and educational experience for enthusiasts and any newcomers
Response 1. Bring new employment and educational opportunities to the area through new industries. We propose that with the addition of a spaceport into the rural location of Llanbedr, many new job prospects will be created, not only benefitting the local village, but also the surrounding areas. From the highly qualified researchers and engineers of the space industry to the lower skilled cleaners and tour guides, many will prosper from such a project, and as such will offer many opportunities for the younger generations so they do not have to move away in order to find employment. 2. Provide a new means of tourist attraction specifically to Llanbedr. Whilst there are many attractions surrounding Llanbedr, the village cannot offer a truly unique experience. The UK’s first spaceport will entice many people from far and wide to visit Llanbedr. This will not just benefit the spaceport itself, but will also improve the existing businesses of the village such as the hotels, B&B’s, restaurants and local pubs and many will prosper from the new tourism generated from such a project.
3. Provide new community amenities for the existing village to benefit from. These include a village square, which has always been lacking from the heart of Llanbedr, as well as a new sports field and adjoining clubhouse. The addition of new shops and a community center will also benefit the existing local residents by bringing additional employment and enriching the heart of the village. 4. Bring together and harmonise the traditional vernacular of Llanbedr with the new Spaceport. This will include a combination of carefully selected materials, combined with the analysis of the existing vernacular in order to create a mediating typology to link the new and old together.
brief The proposal will look to harmonise and combine the existing traditional Welsh village of Llanbedr with the new high-tech functionality of a spaceport. Whilst providing new prospects and opportunities for both the local residents and those in surrounding villages the spaceport will also benefit the UK economy as a whole.
Site Users
TheTheStudent Student
The Visiting Family The Visiting Family
The Business Traveller The Business Traveller
He studies aerospace engineering at Liverpool with focus on robotics He and studies aerospace engineering at Liverpool with focus on and space space research. The University’s presence at robotics the National research. The University’s presence at the National Academic Research allows him to Academic Research allows him to gain practical experience from gain practicalSpaceport experience from Spaceport operations. operations.
The children have been obsessed with all thing space since Skylon The children have probes been obsessed with all thing space sincethe Skylon space launched space successfully manoeuvred firstlaunched asteroid into probes successfully manoeuvred the first asteroid into earth’s orbit for study. earth’s orbit for study.
His usually hectic schedule has received an unexpected break as his His usually has received an calm unexpected as his flight was earlyto flight was hectic early schedule into Spaceport UKs trafficbreak pattern. He decides into Spaceport UKs calm traffic pattern. He decides to explore the nearby village, explore the nearby village, stopping to admire the Skylon exhibit he stopping to admirepasses the Skylon exhibit he passes through. through.
He lives lives ininthe village area area and has enjoyed utilising many of themany local He theexpanded expanded village and has enjoyed utilising amenities and attractions with his friends. of the local amenities and attractions with his friends.
To To encourage their their enthusiasm they havethey takenhave a daytaken trip toa day the Spaceport and encourage enthusiasm trip to the enjoyed a nature walk while in the area. in the area. Spaceport and enjoyed a nature walk while
the village village hehe finds the the perfect gifts for his for family a local arts crafts InIn the finds perfect gifts hisinfamily in aand local artsshop and before returning to the terminal for his hypersonic flight. crafts shop before returning to the terminal for his hypersonic flight.
Visitor Centre Employee Visitor Centre Employee
VirginVirgin Galactic Customer Galactic Customer
Local Residents Local Residents
He lives locally and used to be employed at the airfield until it closed He livesmaking locally and used to be employedSince at thethe airfield until it closed down making down many redundant. redevelopment of the site many redundant. Since the redevelopment of the site occurred he and many others occurred he and many others found new work at the Spaceport.
She stays for a brief period in the village while preparing for her space She stays for flight a brief at period in the village while in preparing for herWhen space experience experience the training centre the village. not at the flight at the training centre in the village. When not at the facility she has time to enjoy facility she has time to enjoy the village, its amenities and stunning the village, its amenities and stunning surroundings. surroundings.
Though scale the of the development near theirand village they have villageapprehensive they have about comethe enjoy additional facilities amenities come enjoy the additional facilities and amenities constructed within the village constructed within the village and appreciate the Spaceport’sand appreciateemployment the Spaceport’sofemployment of local young workers. local young workers.
On of her she walks the pedestrian to the Spaceport... On the themorning morning of flight her flight sheover walks over thebridge pedestrian bridge to she will return as an astronaut. the Spaceport...she will return as an astronaut.
They the the return of highofskilled it was sorely missed Theywelcome welcome return highemployment, skilled employment, it wasfollowing sorely the closure of the nuclear power plant and airfield. missed following the closure of the nuclear power plant and airfield.
found new work at the Spaceport.
His fascination with the airfield’s history and enthusiasm for its
His fascination with thehim airfield’s and enthusiasm for its current use helped current use helped earnhistory a position in the museum section of the him earn a position in the museum section of the development informing development informing members of the public. members of the public.
Though apprehensive about the scale of the development near their
Masterplan Village Expansion and Campus 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Village Masterplan Entrance Point Village Square Community Centre Club House Community Event / Playing Field Riverside Walk Communal Landscape Ancient Standing Stones Landscape Technical Training College University Research Centre Centrefuge Virgin Galactic Astronaut Training Research & Development Facilities Visitor Parking
24 22
14
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Spaceport and Visitor Centre 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Raised Approach to Spaceport Railway Station Skylon Exhibition Hall History of Space Exhibition Virgin Galactic Terminal History of Llanbedr Airfield Exhibition History of Aviation Exhibition Global Travel Terminal Spacewalk Hypersonic Airliner Apron
20 16 23
19
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15
13
12
08 10
11
09
07
05 06 03 04
02
01
Concept Masterplan Section
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Spaceway/ Apron
Spaceport Complex
Road and Railway Footbridge
Approach Ramp (disabled access)
Village Community ‘Heart’
River Aarto Footbridge
Technology Campus
Village Masterplan
Existing High Street
Snowdonia Foothills
Spaceport UK Llanbedr
Phasing Phase 1 - Present 2020 Phase 1 - Present toto2020 This phase covers the earliest interventions This phase covers the earliest interventions at the site and at therepresent site and represent the government’s the government’s and Space Industry sector’s and initial Space sector’s ambitionsIndustry for a SpacePort. Primarily itinitial is intended provide for a base for Virgin GalacticPrimarily to operateittheir ambitions a SpacePort. is suborbital Space Tourism flights from and later conduct intended provide a base for Virgin Galactic micro-satellite deployments in two stage to orbit missions. to operate their sub-orbital Space Therefore at this phase the Virgin GalacticTourism terminal will be constructed part conduct of the primary complex along with flights from andaslater micro-satellite their servicing hangar elsewhere on the field. deployments in two stage to orbit missions. Therefore at this phase the Virgin Galactic In addition to that terminal, three of the exhibition halls terminal be constructed as part of ofthe will bewill constructed; History of Flight, History Llanbedr Airfield and History of Space Flight so as to raise primary complex along with their servicingfootfall and revenue in the early days of the SpacePort and begin hangar elsewhere on the field.
right away generating awareness and enthusiasm for the success of the UK Space Industry among the general public.
In addition to that terminal, three of the The village willwill also be see its first stage of development, exhibition halls constructed; History with Virgin Galactic’s pre- flight training facility and technical of Flight, History of Llanbedr Airfield and training college being constructed along with the first raft History of Space socommunity as to raise of housing and theFlight proposed facilities and shops. footfall and revenue in the early days of the SpacePort and begin right away generating awareness and enthusiasm for the success of the UK Space Industry among the general public. The village will also see its first stage of development, with Virgin Galactic’s preflight training facility and technical training college being constructed along with the first raft of housing and the proposed community facilities and shops.
Phasing
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be LON iew inal and le.
the will arch the nce hout be nies and heir rt.
Phasing
Phase 2 - 2020 to 2030 At this point in time the SKYLON aircraft is expected to be operational and conducting commercial operations from the SpacePort. To facilitate this the first of the commercial operator’s hangars for SKYLON will be constructed and the true ambition of the UK government will be in grasp as the nation directly benefits from the development and deployment of this revolutionary space access vehicle within the country. Advanced air traffic management facilities and upgraded fuelling stations are required along with security and general maintenance capabilities. An additional exhibition hall will be constructed to house a full scale SKYLON aircraft for members of the public to view in close proximity. It will be the original prototype Spacecraft used to develop and test the technology that made it possible. With the culmination of this phase the masterplan for the village expansion will be complete. A new University Research Centre will be constructed to further the work of rapidly expanding space science departments at universities throughout the country. A series of facilities will be constructed for Space Industry companies in the fields of Research, Development and Manufacture to occupy and conduct their work in close proximity to the SpacePort.
Spaceport UK Llanbedr
Phase - 2030 2040 Phase 3 - 32030 toto 2040 During this period the extent and value of During this period the extent and value of the UK Space the UK Space Industry is expected to have Industry is expected to have increased to match the increased toofmatch the projections theactivity projections the UK government and Space of launch at the SpacePortand will Space be very regular. commercial UK government launchNew activity operator hangars for SKYLON spacecraft are necessary at the SpacePort will be very regular. New to provide for the demand. commercial operator hangars for SKYLON spacecraft are necessary to provide for the demand.
Phasing
ons the raft the ing and orld eed of ers om ive the ers
Phasing
Phase 4 - 2040 Onwards With commercial spaceflight operations firmly established at the SpacePort the technology that made those spacecraft possible will have been applied to the propulsion of global airliners, pushing them to hypersonic cruising speeds and allowing travel to anywhere in the world within 4 hours. The facility will need upgrading to allow for the operation of such aircraft within a hub that passengers of this exclusive service transfer to from other flights or by car. A small executive terminal will form the final ‘finger’ of the primary complex servicing the passengers from all across the globe.
Village Concepts
Proposed village heart Live -work Landscaped courtyard Standing stones wood Existing village core Technology Campus
ZONE OF DEVELOPMENT Zone of Development
Open, flat, undeveloped area of the village that reaches its core Open, flat, undeveloped area of the village that reaches its core
GRADUATION OF DEVELOPMENT Graduation of Development
Housing becomes more dense towards the Technology Park Housing becomes more dense towards the Technology Park
ZONING Zoning
Variety of building types radiating from the village heart ďżź Variety of building types radiating from the village heart
Two bedroom afforable Three bedroom temporary Three bedroom family Four bedroom family
HOUSE TYPES
FLOOD RESPONSE Flood Response
CONNECTION TO SPACEPORT
Housewith Types Reflecting the local vernacular modern building techniques
Linear expansion and flood zone allocation
Connection to pedestrianised Spaceport walkway Fully accessible, landscaped
ďżź Reflecting the local vernacular with modern building techniques
Linear expansion and flood zone allocation
Fully accessible, landscaped pedestrianised walkway
Village Ground Condition
River Artro
Marsh Bank
River Walk
Stone and water plants
Existing trees retained
Resin bound gravel and stone block kerbing
Path
Sheltered Seat Slate and Walnut cladding
Path
Pond
Pond Bank
Path
Gardens
Front Gardens
Path
Road
Water planting
Reeds and long grass
Resin bound gravel
Lawn Grass
Lawn Grass and resin bound gravel paths
Resin bound gravel
Tarmac
Village Visualisations
COMMUNAL LANDSCAPE Temporary and Affordable Housing
PUBLIC LANDSCAPE
Ancient Standing Stones Featured
Masterplan Interventions Shelter and seating uniting entire scheme visually
Location of Interventions
MASTERPLAN INTERVENTIONS Shelter and seating uniting entire scheme visually
Bench and info slate in rear coutyard of
Bench and info slate in rear courtyard of temporary accommodation temporary accomodation
Wind shelter and info slate on Technology square
Wind shelter and info slate on Technology Campus square
shelter ramped approach to bridgeto bridge WindWind shelter ononramped approach
Scheme Serial Visions
Looking North-West from Llanbedr High Street
Looking North-West from Llanbedr High Street
Along river walk to the village heart
Along river walk to the village heart
ViewUniversity from University Building towards Centrifuge View from Building Towards Centrifuge
Along bridge towards SpacePort complex
Along bridge towards SpacePort complex
Ground Floor Plan
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3
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10
4
2
6 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Skylon Hall Shop History of Space Flight Exhibition Main Entrance Foyer Virgin Galactic ‘finger’ Cafe History of Llanbedr Exhibition Staff Office History of Flight Exhibition Global Travel Terminal
N
First & Ancillary Floor Plans
10
7
Second Floor 7
7 7
8 9
5
4
First Floor 6
2 1
3
Basement
3
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Parking Plant Room Store Planatarium Theatre Skylon Launch Simulator Viewing Gallery Virgin Galactic Staff Offices Restaurant & Bar Area Virgin Galactic Celebration Area
2015
2040
2039
2038
2038
2037
2036
PHASE THREE
2035
2034
2033
2032
2031
2030
2029
2028
2027
2026
PHASE TWO
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
PHASE ONE Construction of small terminal for the Virgin Galactic Spacecraft
Visitor centre and museum formed. Providing extra jobs and a larger footfall to the site
Education & Inspiration
Training facility created for the preparation of tourist flights
Large Payload Delivery Loading facility upgraded or new facility created to aid in the loading of larger payloads The preflight preparations of the first manned space flight using the Skylon Spacecraft will begin
Loading facility constructed to aid with the expansion of the services of which Virgin Galactic intend to create
Expansion to terminal building to manage the increasing number of passengers using the service
Manned Space Flight
Small Payload Delivery
Expanded Space Tourism
On site apartments for the mission team will be constructed
Accommodation
Expansion to the existing power supplies
Power Generation
Police and customs offices will be erected for the inclusion of international flights
Safety & Security
Staff training via local college partnership
Technical Training
Moderate parking structure to be constructed for the mission team
Expanded Parking
Lab and data facility created to aid with the scientific research being conducted on site
Scientific Research
Masterplan formed to engage the local community with the site
Local Masterplan
Aircraft assembly
On Site Production
Train station to be constructed to link the spaceport to existing transportation means
Passenger Arrival
Feasibility study and construction or on-site renewable energy sources
Power Generation
Management systems constructed via Control Tower and Mission Control
Flight Operation
Staff and visitor parking
Carpark
Construction of fire station
Safety & Security
Extension of existing runway to 3000m with addition of a taxiway
Aircraft Capacity
Aircraft component assembly
Storage and loading facilities
Tourist Flight
Research & Development
Virgin Galactic Fuelling
Ancillary
Primary Infrastructure
Space Tourism
PHASING STRATEGY
East Elevation
EAST ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION
Scale - 1:50
Scale - 1:200
East West Section
SECTION A-A Scale - 1:200
SECTION A-A
Scale - 1:200 Global Travel
ONWARDS
2055
2054
2053
2052
2051
2050
2049
Car rentals to be constructed on the site
Travel Services
Hotels to be implemented to the master for those travelling via Skylon or Virgin Galactic, as well as the enthusiasts and tourists wanting to visit the area
Hotels
Inclusion of high speed rail routes to the site. Connection to HS2
Overground Passenger Arrival
2048
Further Expanded Parking
2047
Construction of high capacity terminal upon the realisation of global travel using the Skylon Spacecraft
Lab and data facility created to aid with the scientific research being conducted on site
Scientific Research
Partnership with Universities will be struck up with the construction of educational buildings
Scientific Research
Satellite assembly will begin to take place on site
On Site Production
On site apartments for the mission team will be constructed
Accommodation
Further improvements and expansion of parking facilities for the increased customer demands and needs
2046
PHASE FOUR
2045
2044
2043
2042
2041
2040
2039
2038
EAST ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION Scale - 1:50
Scale - 1:200
Terminal Section
SECTION C-C
SECTION C-C
scape
Skylon Hall The SKYLON Hall is a bookend at the south side of the Spaceport Complex and completes the exhibition as an example of the most recent space technology. Visitors are able to catch glimpses of the SKYLON through the narrow glazed fins of the north elevation and enter the hall behind display boards that shield the SKYLON, adding to the mystery of the object. The entrance area outlines the development process of the SABRE engine that powers the SKYLON to help convey the challenges faced and level of accomplishment.
Chance views of SKYLON from other exhibition ‘fingers’ Low profile in landscape Active face to circulation Low profile in landscape
Low profile in landscape
Low profile in landscape
Chance Large stairs under SKYLON to form casual Informed theexhibition angular, mountainous Welshviews of SKYLON from other exhibition An interpretation of a portal frame with a wider Chance views of SKYLON from by other ‘fingers’ from other ChanceChance views ofviews SKYLON from other exhibition Chance exhibitionon one side to deal with the rotation of SKYLON from other exhibition ‘fingers’ seating and viewing oportunities landscape. Sloped walls reduce visual mass. views of SKYLON foundation Large stairs under SKYLON Chance views of SKYLON ‘fingers’ ‘fingers’ ‘fingers’ forces acting on these members to form casual seating and from other exhibition ‘fingers’
ews out towards o the SKYLON
KYLON without YLON without
YLON
without Y
Low profile in landscape Low profile in landscape
viewing opportunities Active face to circulation
VIEWS
Active face to circulation Active face to circulation
Chance views of SKYLON from other exhibition Active face to circulation ‘fingers’
Active face to circulation
First floor gallery providing views out towards Large stairs under SKYLON to form casual airfield and back down onto the SKYLON seating and viewing oportunities floor gallery providing views out towards First floor gallery providing views out Large stairs under SKYLON to form casual The form allows the entire First SKYLON towards First floor gallery providing views out towards Large stairs under SKYLON to form casual seating and viewing oportunities to be seen and appreciated airfield withoutand back down onto the SKYLON airfield and back down onto the SKYLON
The form allows the entire and SKYLON back down onto the SKYLON The airfield Totality First floor gallery providing views out towards an excessive footprint to be seen and appreciated without airfield and back down onto the SKYLON an excessive footprint The form allows the entire SKYLON
to be seen appreciated without THEand TOTALITY an excessive footprint
THE TOTALITY
First floor gallery providing out towards seating and viewing oportunities Viewsviews Large stairs under SKYLON to form casual airfield and back down onto the SKYLON
VIEWS
seating and viewing oportunities
First floor gallery providing views VIEWS airfield and back down VIEWS out towards onto the SKYLON
VIEWS
STRUCTURE
FORM
Active face to circulation
VIEWS VIEWS
Informed by the angular, mountainous Welsh landscape. Sloped walls reduce visual mass. Informed by SKYLON the angular, Large stairs under to mountainous form casualWelsh Informed by theSloped angular, mountainous Welsh landscape. walls reduce visual mass. seating and viewing oportunities
Large stairs under to form casual landscape. SlopedSKYLON walls reduce visual mass. Form Informed by the angular, mountainous Welsh seating and viewing oportunities
landscape. Sloped walls reduce visual mass.
FORM Informed by the angular, mountainous Welsh landscape. FORM Sloped walls
FORM reduce visual mass FORM
An interpretation of a portal frame with a wider foundation on one side to deal with the rotation An interpretation a portal frame with a wider Informed by acting the angular, mountainous Welsh forces on theseof members An interpretation of a portal with a wider foundation on onereduce side to visual dealframe with the rotation landscape. Sloped walls mass. Informed by the angular, mountainous Welsh foundation on one side to deal with the rotation Structure forces acting these members An interpretation of aon portal frame with a wider
landscape. Sloped visual mass. forceswalls actingreduce on these members
foundation on one side to deal with the rotation STRUCTURE forces acting on these An interpretation of amembers portal frame
with a STRUCTURE wider foundation on one STRUCTURE sideFORM to deal with the rotation forces STRUCTURE FORM acting on these members
An in found A fo
AREA OUTSIDE GU
SKYLON EXHIBIT
Exhibition ‘Fingers’ The exhibition ‘fingers’ provide an idea of how the development of flight has progressed to enable the current technological advances that allow single stage to orbit space flight and hypersonic travel. The three exhibitions are: • History of Flight • History of Llanbedr Airfield • History of Spaceflight
ntion
ers’
HISTORY OF HISTORY FLIGHT
HISTORY HISTORY OF Chance views between exhibiton OF LLANBEDR OF ‘fingers’ through vertical strips of glazing FLIGHT AIRFIELD HISTORY SPACE TRAVEL Outline of the history of travel OFbetween HISTORY Free movement around the HISTORY Chance views exhibiton
HISTORY OF LLANBEDR HISTORY HISTORY AIRFIELD
OF OF FLIGHT FLIGHT
e an idea of how The major use of the airfield since s progressed to Chance views between exhibiton Chance views between exhibiton from the first successful flight by around the time of World War Two Free movement around the Chance views between exhibition exhibits with a suggested route gical advances OF LLANBEDR OF ‘fingers’ through vertical thestrips Wright brothers, to Whittle’s has been target practice, using ‘fingers’ through vertical strips of exhibits with a suggested route ‘fingers’ through vertical strips of of space flight and breakthrough jet engine and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that how glazing FLIGHT AIRFIELD SPACE TRAVEL how glazing glazing exhibitions ance views are: between exhibiton ending with supersonic jets and towed targets for other planes to Outline of the history of travel The major use of the airfield since This exhibition displays a number Outline of history d to Outline of the the history of of travel travel segments of Concorde. destroy. strips of Free movement around the dgers’ to through vertical from the first successful flight by the around the time of World War Two of scale models of space rockets, Free movement around from the first successful flight glazing htes from the first successful flight by by exhibits with the Wright brothers, tosuggested Whittle’s route has been target practice, using lunar modules and satellites exhibits with a a suggested route es This context gives an A number of other planes were Outline of the history of travel The major use of the airfield since This exhibition displays athe number Wright brothers, to Whittle’s Airfield the Wright brothers, to Whittle’s appreciation for the adapted from their original use to breakthrough jet engine and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that to convey the difficulties of and from the first successful flight by around the time of World War Two of scale models of space rockets, and ight breakthrough jet and technological leap that has been become UAVs, including supersonic Mass rises tojets the public Panoramic views across entire breakthrough jet engine engine and ending with supersonic and towed targets for other planes to accessing space throughout the Wright brothers, to Whittle’s has been target practice, using lunar modulesand and satellites are: made with the SKYLON planes, while others were used forand circulation and blends with the spaceport from first floor gallery ending with supersonic jets are: ending with supersonic jets and segments of Concorde. destroy. history. breakthrough jet engine and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that to convey LAPCAT crafts.the difficulties of shepherding UAVs. landscape towards the airfield segments of Concorde. segments of Concorde. ending with supersonic jets and towed targets for other planes to accessing space throughout avel The major use of the airfield since This exhibition displays a number segments of Concorde. history. This context gives an A number of other planes were destroy. This knowledge helps visitors to
HISTORY OF LLANBEDR AIRFIELD
HISTORY OF SPACE TRAVEL
HISTORY OF HISTORY HISTORY OF OF SPACE TRAVEL
LLANBEDR LLANBEDR This exhibition displays a number AIRFIELD AIRFIELD of scale models of space rockets,
Ha-ha walls as a low impact security method to stop visitors HISTORY HISTORY accessing the hazardous runway OF apron Ha-ha walls as a low OF impact
Ha-ha walls as a low impa security method to stop visi accessing the hazardous run apron
SPACE SPACE TRAVEL TRAVEL
security method to stop visitors
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Steel long-span Structure centres, hidden within irre arrangement of vertical s clad piers
ght by around the time of World War Two of scale models FORM VIEWS of space rockets, CURATION This gives an A This knowledge helps visitors This context context givesroofs an to attenuate water A number number of of other other planes planes were were SUSTAINABILITY knowledge helps visitors to to STRUCTURE AND SEC appreciation for the adapted from their original use to appreciate current developments, Sedum Steel This long-span Structure at 5m hittle’s has been target practice, using lunarA number modules and satellites This context gives an of other planes were This knowledge helps visitors to appreciation for the adapted from their original use to appreciate current developments, Sed appreciationand for the adapted from their original use to appreciate developments, technological leap that has been become UAVs, including supersonic with lower costs and less Sed provide biodiversity. centres, hidden current within irregular appreciation for the adapted from their original useof to appreciate current developments, Sedum roofs to attenuate water Steel long-span Structure atand 5m less and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that to convey the difficulties technological leap that has been become UAVs, including supersonic with lower costs Mass rises to the public Panoramic views across entire made with the SKYLON and planes, while others were used for waste, that makes space more technological leap that has been become UAVs, including supersonic with lower costs and less to the public leap that has been Panoramic views across entire with lower costs and less Ground source heat pumps in arrangement of vertical slate Views Sustainability Structure and Security technological become UAVs, including supersonic noramic views across entireMass risesForm and provide biodiversity. centres, hidden within irregular made with the SKYLON and planes, while others waste, that makes space circulation and blends with the spaceport from first gallery Gr s andfrom first floortowed targets other planes to shepherding accessing space LAPCAT crafts. UAVs. accessible. and source planes, others were were used used for for waste, that makesslate space more more circulation andfor blends with the spaceport from firstforfloor floor gallery mounded earth heat clad piers Gr made with the SKYLON and planes, while others throughout were used waste, that makes spacemade more with the SKYLON aceport gallery Ground pumpswhile in arrangement of vertical LAPCAT crafts. shepherding UAVs. accessible. landscape towards the airfield LAPCAT crafts. shepherding accessible. LAPCATSedum crafts.roofs to attenuate accessible. e. destroy. history. UAVs. landscape towards the airfield mounded earth clad piers Mass rises to the public Panoramic views across entire water shepherding UAVs. Steel long-span structure at 5m
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VIEWS
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circulation and blends with the landscapeoftowards airfieldwere A number other the planes
FORM
FORM adapted from their original use to become UAVs, including supersonic planes, while others were used for shepherding UAVs.
CURATION
spaceport from first floor gallery
CURATION This knowledge helps visitors to CURATION VIEWS VIEWS appreciate current developments, with lower costs and less waste, that makes space more accessible.
and provide biodiversity. Ground SUSTAINABILITY source heat pumps in mounded SUSTAINABILITY CURATION earth CURATION
Sedum roofs to attenuate water and provide biodiversity. Ground source heat pumps in mounded earth
SUSTAINABILITY
centres, hidden within irregular
STRUCTURE AND slate SECURITY arrangement of vertical clad STRUCTURE AND SECURITY piers
Steel long-span Structure at 5m centres, hidden within irregular arrangement of vertical slate clad piers
STRUCTURE AND SECURITY
S S
AREA OUTSIDE GUIDES WILL NOT PRINT
HISTORY OF FLIGHT EXHIBITION
directly to the runway and flight
flight, and made Virgin
6 After the flight, there is a 5 The journey lasts for two and private viewing gallery and a half hours with six minutes 4 Two pilots then greet bar to celebrate with friends of weightlessness in space Virgin Galactic Terminal astronauts, before escorting and family who have been and fantastic views of earth them out onto the runway Virgin Galactic is located within the Spaceport Complex as an advert to visitors to excite and entice them to buying intothe the experience. watching below. apron where SpaceShipTwo experience. Views through the building allow visitors a glimpse of the experience with an element of mystery and intrigue. will be ready prepared and mated to WhiteKnightTwo. 3 Briefing
6
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VIRGIN GALACTIC EXPERIENCE
Mass rise giving visi demonstratin de directly to
sed thin aceport located within the Spaceport within the Spaceport the Spaceport sitors advert cite to visitors and totoexcite visitors to excite and to excite and and gence. buying the intoexperience. the into experience. the experience. 65 and After the 6 for flight, After there 6flight, After isand 6athere After the flight, 6is the After a flight, there the there flight, is a is there a is a 1 Pre-flight1 Pre-flight training 1intraining Pre-flight the 1 Pre-flight in1training 2 Pre-flight the On training the inday 2 training On the of inthe the the day flight, in 2 On of thethe 2theOn flight, day the 2 of On day the the day the of flight, the 3 Briefing 3offlight, Briefing 3 flight, Briefing 3 Briefing 53 The Briefing journey 5 The lasts journey for two 5 lasts The and 5journey for The two journey lasts The for journey lasts two and lasts twothe for andtwo 1. Pre-flight 2. On the day of the flight, astronauts check 3. Briefing 5 The journey lasts for two and a half hours 6 After the flight, there is a private viewing uilding gtors the allow building a allow visitors visitors allow a training visitors a in the a Virgin training Virgin centre training Virgin in centre Virgin training Virgin astronauts training in centre astronauts check in their centre incustom and check astronauts inmade astronauts in spacesuit and check astronauts check in andcheck in and in and private viewing private gallery viewing private andgallery private viewing and private viewing viewing gallery and gallery andfriends and a half hoursa with half hours six minutes a with half six hours aminutes half minutes hours with aof half six with hours minutes six with minutes six minutes centre in training theVirgin village masterplan temporary in training andcentre collect with six weightlessness in space gallery andgallery bar to celebrate with pilots Two greet Two pilots Two pilots then pilots then greet then greet greet 4 Two pilots 4 Two then 4pilots 4then 4greet with ment xperience ncean with ofelement an with element an of element of for space of tourists. accommodation from the Virgin Galactic reception. 4. Two then greet astronauts, before and fantastic views of earth below. and family who have been watching the the village the masterplan village the masterplan the villagevillage the collect masterplan village their masterplan collect custom masterplan their made custom collectcollect their made custom collect their custom made their custom made made bar to in celebrate bar with celebrate bar to with bar celebrate friends to celebrate bar with to celebrate friends with friends with friends of weightlessness of weightlessness in space of weightlessness ofin weightlessness space of weightlessness space in to space in friends space escorting them out onto before the runway apronbefore experience. astronauts,astronauts, before escorting before astronauts, astronauts, escorting astronauts, before escorting escorting escorting nd rigue. teryintrigue. and intrigue.
temporary temporary accommodation accommodation temporary temporary accommodation temporary spacesuit accommodation from spacesuit accommodation the Virgin from spacesuit thespacesuit Virgin from spacesuit the from Virgin the from Virgin theSpaceShipTwo Virgin and family and who family have and been family and been family who and have who familybeen have whobeen have been and fantastic andviews fantastic of and earth views fantastic and of fantastic earth and views fantastic views of earth of views earth of who earthhave where will be ready prepared them out them onto the out and runway onto them the them out runway onto out them the onto out runway the ontorunway the runway mated to WhiteKnightTwo 6 for space tourists. for space tourists. for space for space tourists. for Galactic tourists. space reception. tourists. Galactic reception. Galactic Galactic reception. Galactic reception. reception. watching experience. thewatching experience. watching the watching experience. the experience. the6experience. below. below. below.below. watching below. the apron where apron SpaceShipTwo whereapron SpaceShipTwo apron wherewhere apron SpaceShipTwo SpaceShipTwo where SpaceShipTwo will be ready will prepared be ready will and prepared bewill ready beand will ready prepared be prepared ready and prepared and and 45 4 35 5 5 mated to WhiteKnightTwo. mated to WhiteKnightTwo. matedmated to WhiteKnightTwo. mated to WhiteKnightTwo. to WhiteKnightTwo.
THE VIRGIN THE VIRGIN GALACTIC THETHE VIRGIN GALACTIC THE EXPERIENCE VIRGIN GALACTIC VIRGIN EXPERIENCE GALACTIC GALACTIC EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE
6
43 5
VIRGIN GALACTIC RECEPTION
Global Travel Terminal The Global Travel Terminal acts as an international hub for hypersonic flights around the world.With a low capacity compared to other international airports such as London Stansted, the Global Travel Terminal caters for a specific demographic of customer. The functions are simple and efficient whilst the atmosphere is luxurious and relaxed.
Major local airports
Spaceport UK: Llanbedr
Rest of the world
Major local airports Arrivals
Publi
Security
c Co
ee air movement across the of security to transfer sounds of activity and excitement throughout the building
elationship between building nd vehicles - low to cars and people, high to airliners
FORM
Spacep Llanb
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rses
Staff
Major local airports
Departures
Spaceport UK: Llanbedr
Arrivals
Publi
Free air movement across the top of security to transfer sounds of activity and excitement throughout the building
Private spaces at first floor overlooking restaurant and bar, for business and seclusion
Form
Free air movement across the top of security to transfer sounds Free air movement across the top of security of activity and excitement Relationship between building throughout buildingand excitement to transfer sounds of the activity
and vehicles - low to cars and throughout the building people, high to airliners
Relationship between building Relationship between building and vehicles and vehicles - low to cars and cars people, and people, high to airliners high to airliners
FORM
FORM
- low to
c Co
Scissor busses transport travellers without the need to go outside for any length of time
Arrivals
Thresholds (A,B,C and D), Arrivals, departures and public zones
FUNCTION Private spacesFunction at first floor
Publi
c Co
overlooking restaurant and bar,
Private spaces at first floor overlooking restaurant for business and seclusion and bar, for business and seclusion Private spaces at first floor overlooking restaurant and bar, for business and seclusion
FUNCTION FUNCTION
Scissor busses transport travellers without the need to go outside for any length of time
and public zones
rs
ncou
rses
Arrangement
Scissor bussesARRANGEMENT transport travellers without the need to go Thresholds (A,B,C and D), Arrivals, departures outside for any length of time
ncou
Staff
Thresholds (A,B,C and D), Arri departures and public zones
Thresholds (A,B,C and D), Arrivals, departures and public zones
ARRANGEMENT
A
AREA OUTSIDE G
TERMINAL DEPARTURE LOUNGE
Detailed Perspective Section
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PERSPECTIVE SECTION B Scale - 1:50
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ERSPECTIVE SECTION B-B Scale - 1:50
The Circulation Spine
THE CIRCULATION SPINE
ES WILL NOT PRINT
Museum Viewing Gallery
MUSEUM VIEWING GALLERY
Museum Cafe
MUSEUM CAFE
Terminal Entrance Hall
TERMINAL ENTRANCE HALL
External View of Museum Entrance
EXTERNAL VIEW OF ENTRANCE
History of Space Flight Exhibition from Viewing Gallery
Aerial Night Perspective