Issue 157- Dr. John Sirak

-William Shakespeare’s Othello

“Our bodies are our gardens, to which our wills are gardeners.”

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MICROVASCULAR TESTING SYSTEM

• Early Detection of Chronic Disease in Asymptomatic Patients

• Diagnose Complex Symptoms

• Increase Patient Compliance with Treatments

TopDocDX presents a real-life picture to the patient, with all its positive and negative influences. Therefore, physicians will have an enhanced understanding of the patient’s overall health. This clinically powerful and non-invasive testing system for hidden diseases in asymptomatic patients provides the patient with an inside-out look on their health.

15-MINUTE NONINVASIVE ON-SITE DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

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TEAM

EDITOR IN CHIEF Brianna Connors

DIRECTOR Derek Archer

EDITOR Riley George CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER Hannah Townes

MEDIA SPECIALIST Lauren Rider

DESIGNER Sarah Cook

CONTRIBUTORS

Adreana

Leading a healthy, well-balanced life is a challenging undertaking for many of us. New advancements in lifestyle or nutrition come to life daily, and the busy rhythm of our lives often prevents us from keeping up with what’s fun and fresh.

Here at Top Doctor Magazine, we are on a mission to bring these advancements to your attention and become a source of inspiration for those who want to live their lives to the fullest. Our contributors will constantly keep you up to speed with fresh, entertaining, and reliable content, from nutrition and travel to lifestyle choices!

We hope that our handpicked ideas will guide you towards self-realization, selfimprovement, and willingness to help those around you better themselves.

A WORD

What are the Most Common Intermittent Fasting Types?

Where Do Food Allergies Come From?

Can You Train Your Memory to Be Better?

Detoxing Your Body Good for You?

The Health Risks of Nanoplastics in Food

What are the Health Risks of Tattoos?

What You Need to Know About Carpal Tunnel

Healthier Fall Drinks at Starbucks

A Minimally Invasive Solution for Atrial Fibrillation: An Interview with Dr. John Sirak

Stepping into the Role of a Dentist: An Interview with Dr. Simi Silver

What Youthful Individuals Should Know about Stroke

WHERE DO Food Allergies COME FROM?

WORDS BY PETER C.

Have you ever wondered where food allergies come from? Allergies are an immune response to a stimulus that is usually harmless. They result from an overreaction of your body’s immune system, producing antibodies to fight off the allergen.

A food allergy is an immune reaction to a food protein, which the body mistakes for a harmful substance and produces antibodies to attack it. When a person with a food allergy eats even a tiny amount of the offending food, they may have a severe, sometimes life-threatening reaction.

Most people with food allergies are allergic to more than one food. The most common allergens are milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish and shellfish.

Many allergies are caused by a cross-reaction to another substance. For example, someone allergic to ragweed may also be allergic to melons. This happens because the proteins in ragweed are similar to the proteins in melons. Therefore, when the body comes into contact with ragweed, it mistakenly identifies the protein as a threat and produces an immune response.

Unfortunately, there is no cure for food allergies, and avoiding the offending foods is the only way to prevent allergic reactions. This avoidance can be challenging as people with severe allergies must be constantly vigilant about what they eat. Even trace amounts of the allergen can trigger a reaction!

FOOD ALLERGY ORIGINS

There is no one definitive answer to the question of where food allergies come from. But the scientific field has developed several theories about what may contribute to the development of food allergies.

The first theory states that genetics and environmental factors cause allergies. Therefore, some people may be more likely to develop allergies because of their genes, but they may only develop symptoms if exposed to specific allergens.

The second theory states that allergies are caused by changes in the gut microbiome, the community of bacteria living in the gut, and it’s thought that allergies may develop when the balance of bacteria in the microbiome is disrupted. This theory is supported by the fact that allergies are more common in industrialized countries, where the microbiome is often less diverse.

Finally, it’s also possible that allergies are simply a result of repeated exposure to an allergen.

When someone is repeatedly exposed to an allergen, they may become more sensitive to it and eventually develop an allergy.

INCREASE IN FOOD ALLERGIES

Food allergies have become more prevalent in recent years. One theory suggests that the increase in food allergies may be due to the ‘hygiene hypothesis.’ This theory posits that we are too clean, and our immune systems are not being challenged enough. In the past, people were exposed to more bacteria and other microorganisms, which helped build up their immunity. Nowadays, we live in a much cleaner environment, and our immune systems may not be as strong as they once were.

Another theory blames the overuse of antibiotics for the increase in food allergies. Antibiotics kill both good and bad bacteria in the gut. Some researchers believe that this can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria and lead to allergies.

Still, other experts believe that food allergies are simply due to genetic changes. Allergies tend to run in families, so certain genes may make people more susceptible to developing allergies.

A PARTING REMINDER

Whatever the reason for the increase in food allergies, it’s clear that they are a serious problem for many people. With no cure available, avoidance is the only way to prevent reactions. This can be difficult and require a lot of vigilance, but it is the best way to keep allergies under control.

the health risksnano cs in food

WORDS BY DREW B.

we are aware that the world is suffering from pollution, and numerous organizations are doing everything they can to make the world a better place for the next generation. Unfortunately, the most common material found in landfills is the one we use in virtually everything: plastic.

From containers to candy wrappers, these plastic materials are very slow to degrade. Instead of complete degradation, a tiny portion of the plastic chips away and turns into particles invisible to the naked eye, called nanoplastics.

what are nanoplastics?

Nanoplastics are tiny plastic particles that measure less than 100 nanometers in diameter. They can enter the environment through a variety of sources, including the breakdown of plastic items, the release of microbeads from personal care products and the shedding of synthetic fibers from clothing. Once in the environment, nanoplastics can be ingested by plants and animals, which could end up harming our food supply.

A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to nanoplastics negatively impacts human health. Studies have shown that nanoplastics can cause inflammation and oxidative stress and damage the DNA. In addition, nanoplastics can accumulate in organs and tissue and could even cross the blood-brain barrier. As a result, some researchers believe that the health effects of nanoplastics may be similar to those of other types of air pollution.

There is no current regulation of nanoplastics in the U.S., and little is known about their potential health risks. Given the widespread use of plastics and the growing evidence of

their harmful effects, it is vital to learn more about the health risks of nanoplastics and take steps to reduce exposure.

effects of nanoplastics on the human body

While nanoplastics are not considered harmful in and of themselves, they can absorb toxins from the environment and accumulate in the body. This process can lead to a toxin build-up in the bloodstream and cause various health problems.

There is currently scarce data on the longterm effects of nanoplastics on human health, but some studies have suggested that they may contribute to cancer, reproductive problems and developmental issues. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential health risks.

It is advisable to limit your exposure to nanoplastics as much as possible. This means avoiding cosmetics and food packaging that contain them and choosing fresh over processed foods where possible. You should also make sure to properly clean any plastic products you use to reduce your risk of exposure.

how nanoplastics reach the environment

Nanoplastics can enter the environment in a variety of ways. One way involves plastic products being discarded and ending up in landfills. Of all the plastics in the world, only 9% are recycled, 12% are burned (which shifts the topic to air pollution) and 79% end up in landfills.

Nanoplastics can also be released into the air, water and soil during the manufacturing

process of some products. Additionally, they can be released into the environment when we wash clothes or other items that contain them.

how to avoid ingesting nanoplastics

Avoid extra harmful plastics: Plastic products with recycling codes 3, 6 and 7 are damaging as they contain polyvinyl chloride (PVC), styrene and bisphenol, an industrial chemical. These chemicals can leach into your food easily when heated. It’s better to use ceramic or glass containers instead.

Drink filtered tap water: According to a 2018 study, bottled water contains more plastics than filtered tap water. It is best to use a reusable water container made of stainless steel, glass or silicone. Using a filter for your drinking water is advisable, such as a carbon block or distillation filter.

Vacuum and dust regularly: Nanoplastics are so small that they make their way into the air, where it is often mixed up in the dust around the house. Regular dusting and vacuuming can minimize the accumulation of these particles.

a parting reminder

It is impossible to avoid nanoplastics entirely, but that doesn’t mean we can’t do anything about it. There are many alternatives we can use to replace plastic, and most of them are reusable, such as glass or aluminum. It’s not too late to change how we consume products, what we use and how we dispose of them.

eczema what is it?

BY M Ă LINA O. R.

The most significant organ of the human body is the skin, and we have to keep it healthy and clean as it represents a massive part of us. However, as with any other body part, the skin can encounter medical issues, such as eczema.

ECZEMA: WHAT IS IT?

Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a condition that causes your skin to blister and become itchy, dry and full of rashes. The symptoms depend on the type of eczema you are experiencing. This skin infection is widespread in children (i.e., infantile eczema and childhood eczema), especially those going through puberty. But this does not mean adults are safe from eczema.

An important detail of eczema is that it is chronic, meaning it can last for lengthy periods. In addition, eczema can have different stages of magnitude, named by the people with this skin condition as ‘flare-ups.’ Usually, flare-ups erupt in unexpected

moments, but specific triggers can speed it up.

TYPES OF ECZEMA

Eczema is very well known for the variety of types it presents. Each eczema type comes with a set of symptoms to help you identify it.

Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of eczema. It is mainly seen in children and can be mild or severe. Parents can hand down atopic dermatitis to children through DNA. Children with atopic dermatitis are more likely to develop food sensitivity, hay fever or asthma.

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis include itchy and inflamed skin and redness. This type of eczema usually appears on the knees, neck, creases of the elbows, wrists and facial skin.

Cold weather, low humidity, detergents, soaps, perfume, animal hair or saliva, scabies, dust, wool, synthetics, food allergies and hormonal changes can trigger severe atopic dermatitis flare-ups.

Contact Dermatitis

Contact dermatitis appears when your skin comes in contact with certain substances. As a result, the skin patch becomes red, dry and itchy. It can also blister very quickly and turn into a hive, a type of rash resembling small red bumps.

This type of eczema increases its chance of appearing if you already suffer from atopic dermatitis. Contact dermatitis can either be irritant or allergic. Irritant contact dermatitis appears when your skin comes in contact with substances that irritate the skin, such as:

Solvents; Cement; Weed killers; Acids and alkalis; Hair dyes; Different types of shampoo; Fabric softeners and harsh detergents.

Allergic contact dermatitis develops when a person’s immune system considers particular substances as allergens. Usually, once the body deems a substance an allergen, you will be allergic to it. Examples of possible allergens are:

Latex; Fabrics and clothing dyes; Glue and adhesive; Plants like sumac, poison oak and poison ivy; Medications such as oral antibiotics and topical; Makeup and different cosmetics; Nail polish.

Neurodermatitis

Neurodermatitis is a more severe eczema type. It manifests itself by developing itchy patches on your skin

that become itchier and itchier with each scratch. Repeatedly scratching the skin patch causes it to become thick and leathery. The scratching cycle can disrupt your sleep schedule, sexual drive and general quality of life. Neurodermatitis usually develops on the wrists, legs, neck, forearms and anal region.

Dyshidrotic Eczema

Dyshidrotic eczema, also known as pompholyx eczema, is a skin condition that usually appears in people under 40 years old. It manifests itself by spreading small blisters all over the hands and feet, becoming incredibly itchy, filling with liquid and turning infectious. In addition, the blisters can become very painful as they swell up and ooze pus.

It has not been discovered what causes dyshidrotic eczema to develop, but it is more common in people experiencing hay fever, fungal skin infections and atopic dermatitis. In addition, it can sometimes be triggered by emotional stress and drastic weather changes.

Nummular Eczema

Nummular eczema, also known as discoid eczema, is easily recognized because of the circular-shaped patches of itchy, red and swollen skin that it causes. This type of eczema usually affects the lower legs, forearms and torso. Nummular eczema can be triggered by:

Cold weather;

Bacterial skin infections; Insect bites;

Dry skin; Injuries such as burns, friction and slashes;

Certain medication; Atopic dermatitis.

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is the only type of eczema that mainly affects your scalp. It manifests itself through scaly patches, red skin and dandruff spreading on your scalp and face. It can also affect oily parts of the body such as the sides of the nose, eyebrows, eyelids, ears and chest. The main seborrheic dermatitis triggers are:

Certain medications; Weak immune system; Illnesses such as HIV, AIDS, and cancer and alcoholic pancreatitis; Going through an arduous recovery, especially from a heart attack.

Stasis Dermatitis

Stasis dermatitis is the type of eczema that usually spreads around the lower legs. The main cause of stasis dermatitis is a condition called chronic edema. Chronic edema is the swelling caused by excess fluid in the body tissue. Stasis dermatitis turns the skin around your lower leg red and very itchy. It can also

lead to more dangerous symptoms such as hyperpigmentation, pus and lichenification.

ECZEMA SYMPTOMS

Eczema varies in the types and symptoms you can experience. Usually, each type of eczema has different symptoms to help you identify it. But, even with all of these types, there are a few symptoms of eczema experienced through each of them, such as:

Itching; Dry skin; Sensitive skin; Swelling; Oozing; Crusting of the skin; Inflammation; Discoloration of the skin patch; Lathery or scaly skin patches.

BODY AREAS PREDISPOSED TO ECZEMA

The affected skin areas vary because so many types of eczema are different in how they manifest and the areas they affect. Most types of eczema affect the face, neck, wrists and hands, but they can also spread on your legs, feet, scalp and anal region.

HOW OFTEN DOES ECZEMA FLARE UP?

Three things can be said about eczema flare-ups: they are occasional, chaotic and triggered by different factors. If you think you have figured out what causes your eczema flare-ups, you can diminish them by keeping your distance from triggers.

Eczema Versus Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a skin disease that manifests itself similarly to eczema. However, there are ways to tell them apart. Eczema causes such intense itchiness that you can start bleeding if you can’t avoid scratching. The skin patch turns red, inflamed, crusty and can scale and ooze.

On the other hand, psoriasis also causes itchy skin, but the skin also stings and burns. Psoriasis also causes red patches of skin, but the patches are much thicker and more

inflamed than eczema.

Eczema Versus Hives

Hives, also known as urticaria, are an allergic reaction to factors your body considers allergens. A significant difference between eczema and hives is that eczema turns the patch of skin very dry and leathery, while hives only cause large bumps to appear without any fluid.

Eczema Versus Rosacea

Rosacea is a skin condition that also causes redness, itching and bumps to appear on the skin. It’s challenging to tell eczema and rosacea apart, but you will find differences if you pay close attention to the details. For example, eczema does not cause flushing of the skin or make your blood vessels more visible, such as rosacea.

Eczema Versus Shingles

Both skin conditions cause the skin to become inflamed, itchy and somewhat painful. Shingles are considered to be herpes caused by a virus named varicella-zoster virus. Specific differences between the

two conditions are:

Rashes caused by shingles appear on only one side of the body, while the rash caused by eczema spreads on both sides.

Shingles cause burning and tingling before the rash appears;

Shingles cause fatigue;

Shingles usually disappear after a few weeks, while eczema is chronic.

ECZEMA DURING PREGNANCY

Experiencing eczema during pregnancy will not put a pregnant woman or her fetus in danger. But, because it’s a chronic condition, eczema can continue even after pregnancy. So, if you would like to follow up on treatment for eczema during pregnancy, talk to your doctor first, as they can prescribe you a treatment that won’t put you or the child in danger.

will genuinely disappear and that the flareups will stop. The most common treatment modalities are:

Topical treatments such as creams and mild soaps to stop the itching and repair the skin;

Prescription medications that fight the infection and control the inflammation;

Therapies such as wet dressings, counseling and light therapy;

Behavior modification to stop scratching yourself.

ECZEMA FOODS TO AVOID

CAN ECZEMA CAUSE HAIR LOSS?

Only seborrheic dermatitis can cause hair loss if left untreated. This happens because the hair finds it difficult to grow through an unhealthy and inflamed scalp. Also, people with seborrheic dermatitis tend to scratch their scalp, leading to hair loss.

FACIAL ECZEMA TREATMENTS

Because eczema is persistent, you may need to try various treatments over a long period until you find something that genuinely controls the skin condition. But this does not mean that it

Since people with eczema have different triggers and allergens, it’s hard to put your finger on eczema-related foods. You first have to determine which foods are causing the skin reaction and flare-ups. When you find that the eczema symptoms worsen after eating a particular type of food, it’s time to remove it from your diet. The most common foods that trigger eczema and eczema flare-up are: Dairy;

Eggs; Soy; Gluten; Wealth; Citrus fruits; Nuts; Spices; Tomatoes; Pears.

CAN ECZEMA BE CURED?

Unfortunately, there is no absolute cure for this skin condition because eczema is chronic. Some treatments can diminish the eczema symptoms and even stop them for weeks, but there is no cure.

A PARTING REMINDER

If you think you may suffer from eczema, it’s essential to consult a doctor or dermatologist since this condition can become dangerous if left untreated. However, you can live a happy and healthy life with proper treatment modalities, even if your eczema will never truly vanish.

is

detoxing your body good for you?

WRITTEN BY PETER C.

Detoxing is the process of cleansing your body of toxins — those harmful substances that can build up in your body and cause severe health issues.

There are many different ways to detox your body, including diet, supplements and detox baths. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any detox program, as some detox methods can be dangerous if not done properly.

What are Detox Diets?

Detox diets are all the rage these days, with celebrities and health gurus touting their benefits left and right. But what exactly are detox diets, and are they actually good for you?

Detoxes, sometimes called cleanses, are dietary plans that aim to rid your body of toxins. These toxins are found in the food you eat, the air you breathe and even your skin products. While our bodies do have systems in place to detoxify themselves, some people believe that we’re overloaded with toxins and that a detox diet can help support our body’s natural detoxification process.

There are many different types of detox diets, although they all follow the same tenet: the consumption of detoxifying foods and drinks and the avoidance of hightoxin foods. Some common detoxifying foods and drinks include fresh fruits and vegetables, herbal teas, water and green juice. Foods to avoid on a detox diet include

sugar, caffeine, alcohol, processed foods and red meat.

However, the big question is: do detox diets actually work? There isn’t a whole lot of scientific evidence to support the claims made by detox diet proponents. However, some people do report feeling more energetic after following a detox diet plan. What works for you might be resultless in others.

Concerns About Detox Diets

Detox diets have become increasingly popular in recent years, with people looking for ways to cleanse their bodies of toxins and improve their overall health. However, there are some concerns with detoxing that you should be aware of before you start any detox diet.

First, don’t forget that our bodies are designed to detox naturally. We have organs like the liver and kidneys that help remove toxins from our bodies daily.

Additionally, many detoxes involve cutting out certain foods or food groups, potentially leading to nutritional deficiencies. What started as a step in the right direction may take you down the path of nutritional imbalances and health issues. Make sure you get all the nutrients you need by eating a varied and balanced diet.

Finally, detoxes can sometimes be extreme and unrealistic, making them difficult to stick to long-term. So, if you’re considering starting a detox diet, talk to your doctor first to ensure it’s right for you. And remember, moderation is key!

How Does Detoxing Work?

The body is constantly detoxifying itself, but sometimes it needs a little help. That’s where detoxing, with its different forms (e.g., drinking more water or cutting out processed foods), comes in handy. Of course, you can choose more thorough approaches to detoxing, such as fasting or cleansing. It’s all about finding what works best for you!

Detoxing is thought to help the body rid itself of toxins and waste products that build up and cause health problems. Some people believe that detoxing can also help boost energy levels, improve digestion and promote weight loss.

Pros and Cons of Detoxing

From improved digestion and better skin to more energy and better overall health, detoxing can help you feel your best. But is detoxing as good for you as celebrities and health gurus boast online?

Pros of Detoxing

Improved Digestion

One of the most common benefits of detoxing is improved digestion, as removing toxins from your body can help improve your overall digestive system. With a healthier digestive system, better nutrient absorption and less bloating and gas are sure to follow!

More Energy

Do you miss the old, more energetic you? Toxins could be to blame, as their presence upsets the body’s energy levels. Allow your body to detox, and you might rediscover already forgotten levels of energy and productivity!

Better Overall Health

Detoxing can also lead to better overall health. By cleansing your body of toxins, you can improve your immune system and reduce your risk of developing chronic diseases.

Cons of Detoxing

Detoxing Can Be Hard on Your Body

Detoxing can be hard on your body, especially if you do it too often or without the supervision of a healthcare professional. Some detox methods can cause overhydration, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and other health issues. Therefore, it is important to be careful when detoxing and make sure that you are not doing anything that could be harmful to your health.

It Can Be Expensive

Detoxing can also be expensive, especially if you choose to do it at a spa or through a professional detox program. If you are on a budget, there are many ways to detox at home that can be just as effective but much less expensive, such as fasting, avoiding sugary drinks and drinking lemon water.

Detoxing Requires Commitment

Detoxing requires commitment and discipline — you will need to stick to the detox plan in order to see results. This can be difficult for some people, primarily if they are not used to following a strict plan. However, detox diet plans that don’t involve high commitment, such as detox teas and juices, can easily be incorporated into your daily routine.

It May Not Be Necessary

For some people, detoxing may not be necessary. If you eat a healthy diet and live a healthy lifestyle, your body may already be doing an excellent job of detoxing itself! However, eating a healthy diet free of toxins does not hurt and can only be beneficial.

A Parting Reminder

There is not much scientific evidence to support the claims that detoxes improve health. In fact, some of these detoxes can actually be harmful unless performed under the guidance of an expert.

So, if you’re considering a detox, do your research and talk to your doctor first. And remember, the best way to detox is to eat healthily, exercise regularly and get plenty of rest.

Stepping into the Role of a Dentist

An Interview with Dr. Simi Silver

BY GAYE NEWTON

Iwanted to be a dancer. Yes, I really wanted to be on stage in musical theater,” said Dr. Simi Silver.

However, after pain ended her dreams of dance, a series of unchoreographed yet focused steps led Dr. Simi Silver, DDS, into dentistry.

“I went to college and earned a degree in biotechnology after realizing how much I loved biology. I graduated at the top of the school of engineering technology,” she explained.

On her own, by age 17, Dr. Silver took on temporary jobs to keep herself in school. Upon graduation, someone asked her if she would consider medical or dental school. She chose dentistry.

“I like being active and doing procedures, so I applied to dental school at Toronto University and got in after my second year at university. Now I’ve been practicing for 26 years, for 20 years in Ottawa alone,” she shared.

Dr. Silver & Son

Dr. Silver runs Silver Dental Centre, her own practice in Ottawa. She offers her patients various preventive and cosmetic services, including standard dental procedures, implants, prosthodontics and the Wand (i.e., an anesthetic).

Dr. Silver is active in several professional dental organizations. She is also the single

mom of five children. One highlight she is looking forward to is that her son Maxwell may join her practice. He is currently completing a residency in Edmonton, having just graduated dental school.

“He always wanted to be a dentist, so I must have inspired him. He will be joining me in a year,” she shared.

Sleep, Airways and Dentistry

Dr. Silver enjoys owning her practice.

“You get to call your own shots. I get to decide what I’m going to do. I wouldn’t have that flexibility in someone else’s practice,” she explained.

What Dr. Silver decided to take on is sleep apnea and other airway issues related to dentistry. She found inspiration within her own family, namely in her son Maxwell.

“He’s 26 and fit as a fiddle. And yet, he was just diagnosed with sleep apnea. It is an epidemic, and we need to screen people,” she said.

Dr. Silver is spreading the word to promote screening. For her, this has been fun, knowing that she is helping and addressing such an important issue.

“It’s exciting even just to screen. I’m getting

together a little airway presentation for local dentists emphasizing the importance of screening both kids and adults,” she shared.

Dr. Silver points out that patients need information and to be educated about their health. This way, they can participate in their own healthcare.

“I have an older patient, for example, who has sleep apnea,” Dr. Silver recalled. “I started screening and asking these questions. He was a particularly fussy man — very educated, had grandkids — and became highly educated about his health.”

Dr. Silver is active in Airway Circle, an organization that maintains a free directory of providers who promote airway health. It makes important information and links to healthcare providers available and connects providers through a platform where they can discuss and learn more about breathing, craniofacial growth and myofunctional disorders.

The Mouth and Body Connection

Dr. Silver stresses that the mouth is a big part of the body and its overall health.

“I always try to remind people that the mouth is connected to their body,” she

“I always try to remind people that the mouth is connected to their body. Oral health is part of general health, and learning about the oral complex is important”

- Dr. Simi Silver

explained. “Oral health is part of general health, and learning about the oral complex is important.”

Some mouth bacteria can bring about disease. If a patient neglects good oral hygiene, tooth decay and gum disease quickly follow. The resulting infections can spread to other body parts and promote other diseases.

Laser Treatments

Dr. Silver uses laser treatments on some of her patients. For example, a cold laser is an ideal tool to release tongue and lip ties in babies. She uses the Waterlase cold laser, which combines the laser energy with water spray to carry out dental procedures more comfortably.

“I love lasers and encourage other dentists to look into them. It’s a worthwhile investment if you know how to use it well,” she shared.

The People She Treats

Dr. Silver values the people she treats and the interesting lives they lead. And she is willing to reach out when needed.

“I had one man whom I’d been seeing for years,” she recalled. “A super quiet man. And I could tell something wasn’t right. He started crying in my chair and said he hadn’t been out in months since his dad died. He was in a deep depression. So I decided to support and follow him, give him a shout. This was an exceptional circumstance.”

Another patient worked for the Canadian version of the CIA.

“It was cool finding out all the countries

they’d been in,” she recalled. “They wouldn’t tell me about some of the places, though.

The interesting things people did over the years also would inspire me. It’s always fascinating and a real privilege to have these people trust me.”

For Dr. Silver, part of the privilege of her job is getting to know all these really cool people.

Dancing to the Music of Your Own Journey

Dr. Silver found her way to dentistry along a winding path, successfully connecting with each patient while providing excellent service.

“I try to live by good values, by integrity,” she shared. “Nobody wakes up in the morning saying, ‘Woohoo! I’m going to the dentist!’

So I try to make them as comfortable as possible. That’s the biggest part of it. They’re given good service and accurate information. They trust me. So I go to a lot of continuing education programs to stay up to date.”

Each day, Dr. Silver performs for each patient a dance that balances science and humanity. Every step completes a choreography designed to restore full function and excellent health.

“I believe every human has a finite number of heartbeats. I don’t intend to waste any of mine.” - Neil Armstrong.

A Minimally Invasive Solution for Atrial Fibrillation

An Interview with Dr. John Sirak

BY GAYE NEWTON

Throughout our lives, we rely on our hearts to maintain a steady rhythm to keep us alive and healthy. Unfortunately, for about 33 million people worldwide, that rhythm is interrupted by a condition called atrial fibrillation (AFib), where the heart's electrical impulses create an irregular, too-fast heartbeat.

AFib is often treated with major, invasive heart surgery called the Cox-maze procedure. But several years ago, Dr. John Sirak developed a new, less invasive version of that surgery — the 5-box thoracoscopic maze! This revolutionary technique allows patients the benefits of the original Cox-maze procedure with fewer risks and less recovery time.

From Dr. Zhivago to Dr. Sirak

Dr. Sirak is a cardiothoracic surgeon practicing in Lima, Ohio. He arrived at a medical career through a most unusual route, which began during the Russian Revolution of the early 1900s! Decades later, his plan to become a political science professor suddenly took a sharp detour.

"I happened to see the 1963 movie, 'Dr. Zhivago,' starring Omar Sharif. It takes place just before the Russian Revolution in 1917. The movie depicts his character as needed by both sides of the revolution because of his medical talent. The universalism of medicine as a calling

appealed to me, plus Omar Sharif was a very romantic figure," Dr. Sirak shared.

The former political science major now had a lot of catching up to do.

"To make up for the science prerequisites for medical school that I had not taken in undergrad, I attended an intensive premedical program and compressed an entire curriculum into about 15 months," he explained.

The hard work paid off, and he completed medical school at Case Western Reserve University, residencies at the Ohio State University and a Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Fellowship. His career focus was drawn to atrial fibrillation.

About Atrial Fibrillation

What is Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation, or AFib, is an irregular heartbeat originating in the atria (i.e., the upper heart chambers). It interferes with the heart's electrical impulses, increasing the heartbeat speed and making it hard for the blood to move to the lower ventricles. AFib can cause severe conditions such as blood clots, heart failure and stroke.

Symptoms

In addition to the irregular heart rhythm, symptoms include:

Extreme fatigue; Heart palpitations;

A fluttering feeling in the chest; Dizziness or lightheadedness; Fainting; Shortness of breath;

Chest pain.

Treatments

Various medications and procedures can help alleviate the effects of AFib. These include medications to control the heart's rate and rhythm and blood thinners to reduce blood clots. Procedures use mild electrical shocks to reset the rhythm, pulmonary vein ablations (small scarring), pacemakers and atrial appendage closure.

The Cox-maze is a major surgical procedure for AFib. It creates scar tissue (i.e., ablations) in a maze-like pattern to block the signals that bring about AFib and promote a normal heart rhythm.

"The Cox-maze procedures have an anatomically defined set of ablations," Dr. Sirak explained. "The objective is to isolate affected areas to prevent the spread of arrhythmia. This was open heart surgery, so the sternum was fully divided, the patient was on the heart-lung machine and the heart was arrested."

But what if you could treat AFib without the risks and lengthy recovery time of open heart surgery?

The 5-Box Thoracoscopic Maze: A Minimally Invasive Alternative

"Particularly patients with persistent atrial fibrillation are often not effectively treated with catheter ablation, but rather need an extensive isolation of the substrate responsible for the arrhythmia," Dr. Sirak said. "But they don't want to undergo open heart surgery just for atrial fibrillation. This spawned the desire to develop a less invasive form of the same operation without sacrificing the principles and efficacy of the Cox maze.”

Early iterations of minimally invasive maze surgery omitted key components of the Cox maze for lack of ability to access the key anatomy.

"The early mini-maze operations were not something that was, at least in academic circles, accepted as a legitimate treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation," he explained.

Dr. Sirak and colleagues worked to improve the procedure. In 2008, he first performed a completely thoracoscopic maze procedure which achieved equivalence in the key technical objectives of a Cox maze, and which allowed unambiguous verification in real time of all the ablations.

“All of the ablations are enclosed in boxes, allowing us to confirm that each portion of the anatomy is truly isolated at each step. In fact, the operation is designed such that one cannot proceed to the next step without having demonstrated electrical block in the previous,” he said. "We're basically just making incisions large enough to accommodate a 10-millimeter port. It's a tube inserted through this very small incision, about 1 inch long.”

The ablations include all potential sources of AFib to ensure an effective cure for persistent atrial fibrillation.

Dr. Sirak created the 5-box thoracoscopic maze, a minimally invasive operation that duplicates the effects of the more complicated Cox-maze procedure. This procedure is performed with a closed chest and on the beating heart, without a heart-lung machine.

In an interview with StopAfib.org, Dr. Sirak summarized the procedure. A combination of radiofrequency (heat-based) and cryothermic ablations act synergistically to electrically isolate the areas responsible for AFib. Every patient, no matter how advanced his/her atrial fibrillation may be, receives the same set of ablations. Enclosing the ablation in 'boxes' allows verification that each ablation line is intact, as even a gap of 1 mm may cause a difficult-to-treat atrial flutter. Instead of opening the sternum, the approach uses four pencil-sized incisions on each side of the chest, allowing for less discomfort and faster recovery. All patients undergo one week of continuous rhythm monitoring at 3, 6, 13 and 24 months post-surgery. The success rate is 95%, even in persistent atrial fibrillation.

Faster Recovery Times

Recovery times from this procedure vary according to any complications the patient may have. But for those with AFib but otherwise in good health, they can get on with their lives almost immediately,

"One patient was skiing with his family on postop day six. Another was installing a bathtub on post-op day five," Dr. Sirak shared. "Patients who tend to have a more vigorous, inflammatory response simply take longer to recover. But when patients go home, they're not restricted from doing anything. They could run a marathon or go skydiving."

Following a Calling

Doctors are using minimally invasive procedures on a much more regular basis, as they provide positive outcomes with less stress on the body, less recovery time and less pain and medication. As a result, patients can get back to their everyday lives sooner and enjoy the same benefits gained only after extensive surgical procedures.

Dr. Sirak is one doctor making these benefits possible for millions of people affected by AFib.

"It's all about the universal appeal of medicine as a life calling. Treating patients is one of the most immediate human-to-human contacts that one can encounter. So, seeing them through the entire heart surgery experience is most gratifying. It has totally transformed my perspective on life and my value system," he concluded.

Thanks to a trip to the past world of "Dr. Zhivago," AFib patients are benefitting from the insights and expertise of Dr. Sirak.

“It’s all about the universal appeal of medicine as a life calling.” - Dr. John Sirak

WHAT ARETHE

MOST COMMON TYPES OF

FASTING?

WORDS BY PETER C.

Intermittent fasting has become a popular way to lose weight, feel better and improve overall health. It involves periods of fasting followed by periods of eating. There are many different types of intermittent fasting, each with its own set of rules and benefits.

Intermittent fasting comes with its own vast array of benefits, such as reducing your risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Fasting also helps to boost your metabolism and burn fat more effectively. When you fast, your body is forced to rely on stored energy, which means it will start to break down fat cells for fuel. This process can help you lose weight quickly and effectively. Intermittent fasting is a great way to kickstart your weight loss journey!

WHAT IS INTERMITTENT FASTING?

Intermittent fasting is a dietary pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and non-fasting.

The idea behind intermittent fasting is that we should not eat for a certain period of time, usually 12-24 hours, in order to give our bodies a break from digesting food. Depending on what works best for you, you can resort to fasting daily or weekly.

Intermittent fasting has been shown to improve blood sugar control and reduce insulin resistance, leading to weight loss. It can also help lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

INTERMITTENT FASTING INTERVALS

The most common fasting protocols are 16/8, 18/6, and 20/4—all referring to fasting for a certain number of hours per day and then eating within an 8-hour window.

For example, with the 16/8 protocol, you would fast for 16 hours each day and eat only during an 8-hour window.

Other less common fasting protocols include the 5:2 diet, which involves fasting for two days each week and eating normally the other five days.

The 16/8 Method or Leangains Protocol

The 16/8 method involves fasting for 16 hours and eating only during an 8-hour window. Also called the Leangains protocol, this fasting method was popularized by fitness expert Martin Berkhan. It is the most popular type of intermittent fasting as it is the easiest to stick to.

For example, let’s say you finish your last meal at 8 p.m. and don’t eat again until noon the next day—you are fasting for 16 hours every day. You can drink water,

black coffee, tea and other zero-calorie beverages during the fasting period.

18/6 Interval

18/6 fasting is a protocol where you fast for 18 hours out of the day and eat only during a 6-hour window. This fasting protocol, having a more extended time window than the 16/8 interval, is popular among people trying to lose weight.

Warrior Diet (20/4 Interval)

The Warrior Diet is a type of intermittent fasting that involves eating small amounts of raw fruits and vegetables during the day and then eating one large meal at night. Typically the interval is 20 hours of small amounts of food and 4 hours of eating a large meal. This diet is based on the belief that our ancestors ate this way and that it’s more appropriate for food digestion.

However, there is no scientific evidence to support this claim, making the Warrior Diet quite dangerous to your overall health. Because you’re not eating enough calories during the day, you may feel weak and dizzy, and even faint. Be sure to speak with your doctor first if you decide to try the Warrior Diet.

OMAD Diet

The OMAD diet, or “one meal a day,” is a type of fasting in which you eat only one meal per day, typically for a 23-hour period. It is the most extreme form of a daily intermittent fasting protocol, as the OMAD diet’s fasting period is much longer than with other fasting protocols.

Some evidence suggests that the OMAD diet can help with weight loss. A small study found that people who followed the diet for eight weeks lost more weight than those with more meals with the same caloric intake.

However, there are also risks associated with this diet, as fasting for such a long period of time can

lead to dehydration, dizziness and hunger pangs. Be sure to speak with your doctor first if you’re considering trying the OMAD diet.

INTERMITTENT FASTING RISKS

If you’re considering intermittent fasting, it’s important to understand the different types of fasting and the potential health risks associated with each one. Fasting can be a great way to improve your health, but it’s not for everyone.

Here’s what you need to know about the risks of fasting before you decide to try it.

The risks of intermittent fasting are minimal but can include headaches, dizziness, stomach cramps or nausea, low blood sugar level, dehydration and low energy levels. However, if fasting is not done correctly, it can lead to more severe health problems such as electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition.

When done correctly, intermittent fasting is a safe and effective way to improve your health. However, it’s important to understand the risks before you start. Talk to your doctor if you have any concerns about fasting or your health.

INTERMITTENT FASTING WHILE BREASTFEEDING

When you are fasting, your body goes into a state of ketosis where it starts to burn fat for energy. This process can help you lose weight and improve your overall health.

However, if you are breastfeeding, you must ensure that you are still getting enough calories and nutrients while fasting. Failure to consume enough nutrients may result in adverse side effects such as low energy levels, headaches and dizziness. It is also essential to drink plenty of fluids while fasting to prevent dehydration.

A PARTING REMINDER

Consult with your doctor first if you’re thinking about trying intermittent fasting to ensure it’s right for you. Then, once you’ve decided to give it a try, be sure to start slowly and gradually increase the fasting intervals. For example, if you’re new to fasting, you might want to start with a 16/8 fasting protocol and then move on to longer fasting intervals like 18/6 or 20/4. Remember that intermittent fasting is not for everyone, so don’t let fasting slow you down!

Can You Train Your Memory to Be Better?

WORDS BY PETER C.

As we age, our memory starts to decline. This natural process can be frustrating and even scary, especially if we rely on our memory for essential things like jobs or taking care of our families.

But don’t despair! There are things you can do to help improve your memory, even as you age. Diet, repetition, looking at visual imagery, sleep and emotions all contribute to a young, sharper memory.

What is Memory?

Memory is the mental faculty of retaining and reviving facts, events, impressions and thoughts. Although we believe that our memory can never fail us and that our precious memories will always stay intact, memory loss is a normal but unavoidable part of aging. Although the process cannot be brought to a halt, you can slow down memory loss with dedication and the proper methods.

Repetition

The most productive tool to improve memory is simple repetition. The more you repeat something, the more likely you will remember it. This is because repetition creates neural pathways in the brain that make information more accessible.

So, if you want to remember something, say it out loud, write it down or find another way to repeat it several times.

The “spaced repetition” technique is one way to improve your memory. This method involves reviewing information at increasingly longer intervals. For example, if you’re trying to remember a list of vocabulary words, start reviewing the words after an hour, then a day, then a week and so on. Spaced repetition helps your brain store the information in long-term memory so that you can recall it more easily later on.

Emotion and Memory

One memory trick you can try is associating whatever it is you’re trying to remember with an emotion. It could be a happy memory or something that made you feel scared or anxious. The more intense the emotion is, the more likely you will remember what you’re trying to associate it with.

So if you’re trying to remember to buy milk on the way home from work, you could think of a time when you were angry and yelled at someone. The strong emotional reaction will help anchor the memory of needing to buy milk to the feeling, making it more likely that you’ll remember when you’re at the store.

Of course, not every memory must be associated with negative emotion to be effective. If you’re trying to remember your anniversary, for example, you might try to think of a time when you were at your happiest, like the moment when you got engaged or married.

The emotion must be intense enough to help you remember what you’re trying to associate it with. So if you’re having a hard time remembering something, try thinking of a time when you felt a strong emotion around it and see if that helps jog your memory.

Adrenaline

The mechanism by which emotions can help with memory is through adrenaline. Adrenaline is secreted in the brain and body in response to physical and emotional stressors. This “fight-or-flight” hormone can help you out in a real-life emergency, but it can also give your memory a boost.

According to research, people who were shown emotionally arousing images had better explicit memory recall than those who viewed neutral images. In addition, the adrenaline released during periods of stress can improve memory encoding, which is the process of getting information into your memory. So if you want to remember something important, try associating it with an emotion.

Sleep

Sleep is one of the greatest assets in your fight against memory loss. When you sleep, your brain is more efficient at processing and storing information. So, if you’re looking to give your memory a boost, make sure you’re getting enough shut-eye.

Meditation Meditation is often thought of as relaxing, de-stressing and focusing. But did you know that meditation can also help improve your memory? A study showed that meditation can improve the subjects’ attention and memory better than, for example, listening to a podcast. So, meditation could be a helpful tool to consider if you’re looking for ways to boost your memory.

Exercise Exercise has been found to help with memory recall, so if you’re looking for ways to better your memory, working out may be a splendid option!

There are a few different ways exercise can help improve your memory:

It increases the amount of oxygen that flows to your brain to keep your brain cells healthy and functioning properly.

It can help reduce stress and anxiety, leading to better memory function.

It can improve your sleep quality, which is essential for healthy brain function.

So if you’re looking for ways to boost your memory power, hit the gym or go for a run!

Visual Imagery for Recall

Just like any other skill, you can improve your ability to remember things with practice.

Many different techniques can help you boost your memory power. One simple way to do this is by using visual images. For example, real photographs and mental images can both help lay down memories. So next time you want to remember something, try picturing it in your mind. You may be surprised at how well it works.

Diet

Your memory needs a healthy diet if it wants to stay in top-notch shape. Foods such as fish, nuts and leafy greens are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been linked to better cognitive function. Antioxidant-rich food, fruits and vegetables, such as blueberries and tomatoes, can also help keep your memory sharp. If you’re looking to improve your memory, start by eating healthy.

A Parting Reminder

There’s not just one perfect way to improve your memory. The best approach is to experiment with different techniques and find the ones that work best for you. With a little effort, you can train your memory to be better and sharper than ever!

TATTOOS?

WORDS BY PETER C.

What are the Health Risks of

TATTOOS?

While tattoos and piercings can be safe when done properly, there are some health risks that you should be aware of when you start your journey into body art.

First of all, when you get a tattoo, you’re essentially creating an open wound on your skin; therefore, there is a risk of infection and irritation anytime you get a tattoo.

Skin Allergies from Tattoos

Skin allergies are the most common type of reaction to tattoos. The inks used in tattoos can contain various metals, such as nickel, copper and cobalt, which can cause skin irritation and lead to an allergic reaction. Symptoms of a skin allergy from a tattoo could include redness, itching, swelling and blistering at the tattoo site. In severe cases, an allergic reaction to a tattoo can cause anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is vital to see a physician as soon as possible.

In addition, tattoo ink can be toxic. Some inks have been

known to contain heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and lead. These toxins could enter your bloodstream and cause various health problems.

Skin Infection from Tattoos

Tattoos can also cause skin infections, such as abscesses, cellulitis and granulomas. Granulomas are raised bumps that form around materials the body perceives as foreign, such as tattoo pigments. Cellulitis is a skin infection occurring when bacteria enter the skin through a crack or break. Skin abscesses are pus-filled bumps that occur when bacteria invade an area of skin.

Other skin infections that may occur from tattoos include staph infection and MRSA infection. These infections can be severe and even life-threatening if they are not treated promptly. It is crucial to make sure that your artist uses sterile needles and clean equipment to reduce your risk of infection. If you have any health concerns, it is always best to consult with a doctor before getting a tattoo.

Skin Cancer from Tattoos

If you wonder if getting a tattoo might give you skin cancer, the simple answer is no. There is no definitive evidence linking tattoos with cancer. While specific tattoo ink components may be classified as carcinogenic, there is still a lack of evidence showing a connection between them and skin cancer. However, there may be some concern with black tattoos because black inks contain a very high level of benzo(a)pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon classified as a skin carcinogen.

Blackout tattoos may increase the skin cancer risk because of the amount of ink required for such tattoos. However, no available studies show a correlation between these types of tattoos and cancer. Even a mice study shows that black ink tattoos might protect the skin from skin cancer by blocking UVB light.

Does a Tattoo Affect MRI?

There is a small risk of tattoos interfering with MRI scans. MRI machines use strong magnetic fields to produce images, and, in rare cases, tattoo ink may cause burns or skin irritation during an MRI scan.

A study from University College London has shown various reactions from tattoos during an MRI scan. Researchers reported that adverse effects include a pulling sensation on tattooed skin due to tattoo ink containing magnetic pigments that interact with the MRI’s powerful magnetic fields. Tattoos may also absorb energy that would otherwise be dispersed, increasing burn risk.

Despite these risks, the long-term effects of MRI on skin with tattoos remain unclear. Some studies have found that skin cells can become damaged after exposure to high doses of energy in MRIs, potentially resulting in skin cancer. However, further research is needed to determine whether this effect is limited only to skin cells directly exposed to the magnetic field during an MRI or if it could affect skin cells throughout the body.

Given these potential health risks, people who get tattoos should consult their doctors before undergoing

an MRI. Although the risk is generally considered low, if you have a tattoo, it’s important to let your doctor know before having an MRI scan.

If you decide to go ahead with an MRI scan, staying still and speaking as little as possible during your procedure will help minimize any adverse effects. Additionally, always follow your doctor’s recommendations for pre and post-scan care.

Tattoos and Bloodborne Pathogens

Another risk involved in tattooing is the transmission of bloodborne pathogens like tetanus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and even HIV. These diseases can be contracted if the needles or other instruments are not properly sterilized. In addition, contaminated inks can also lead to infection.

These infections may also occur if the skin is not adequately sterilized prior to getting a tattoo or if proper precautions are not taken during the tattooing process. Choose a reputable, clean tattoo parlor that adheres to strict safety standards when performing your tattoo to reduce your risk of infection and exposure to dangerous bloodborne pathogens. Additionally, always follow any aftercare instructions provided by your tattoo artist to ensure proper skin healing following the procedure.

A Parting Reminder

In general, the risks of tattoos are relatively low, but it’s important to be aware of the potential risks and take precautions to minimize them. Be sure to research and choose a reputable tattoo artist who uses sterile equipment and safe inks.

If you have questions about the health risks associated with tattoos, consult a healthcare professional for advice on best protecting yourself during and after this procedure.

Fall Drinks at

WORDS BY ADREANA M

The leaves are starting to fall, the crisp autumn breeze is slowly returning, and Starbucks fall drinks are coming back in season. It’s time to welcome the Pumpkin Spice Lattes at Starbucks, pumpkin patch Instagram pictures and plaid-colored scarves! Fall drinks are delicious, but perhaps the sugar content or thought of consuming too many calories is a deterring factor from partaking in this fall staple. Well, here’s some good news — there is such a thing as healthy fall Starbuck drinks!

HEALTHY FALL STARBUCKS DRINKS

This may sound too good to be true, but here are the best healthy drinks at Starbucks. There are several tips to decrease calorie count but still enjoy the taste of fall!

PUMPKIN SPICE LATTE

One of the essential fall drinks, the one that conjures up images of fuzzy blankets, candles and falling leaves, contains quite a few calories. It’s hard to pass

up, though, considering how delicious it is. However, there are great ways to cut some calories and still enjoy this tasty treat.

One of the best ways to decrease calorie counts when drinking Pumpkin Spice Lattes is to order a Short rather than a Grande. Ordering this drink saves 180 calories from the usual 380 calories. Likewise, ordering a Tall Pumpkin Spice Latte instead of a Grande or ordering a Grande with almond milk saves 80 calories.

Additionally, ordering a Grande but skipping the whipped cream reduces 70 calories, while ordering a Grande with non-fat milk saves 50 calories, and ordering one with coconut milk saves 40 calories.

Most of the calories and sugar, however, come from the pumpkin syrup, with one pump adding about 30 calories and 7.5 grams of sugar to the mix. A Grande has four pumps of pumpkin spice syrup, and ordering half the pumps will save 60 calories and 15 grams of sugar.

There are countless recipes to make this delicious drink at home, with the same taste but fewer calories. This version of a healthy Pumpkin Spice Latte uses five simple ingredients:

Pumpkin Puree; Brewed Coffee; Milk (of choice); Pumpkin pie spice; Maple Syrup.

To make the pumpkin spice, simply combine:

1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon; 1/8 teaspoon ground ginger;

A pinch of ground nutmeg;

A pinch of ground cloves or allspice;

You'll only need a 1/4 teaspoon of this mix for the recipe.

There are only three steps to making this drink:

Stir the ingredients together. Warm the ingredients up by bringing the mixture to a gentle simmer over mediumhigh heat.

Lastly, garnish your latte with whipped cream and extra pumpkin pie spice!

One of the best things about Starbucks is that everything is customizable! If the drink is from Starbucks, the best ways to make it healthier include ordering it as a tall blonde americano in a grande cup, with one pumpkin sauce, three pumps of sugar-free vanilla and some steamed almond milk.

PUMPKIN SPICE ICED LATTE

The best way to keep this drink healthy and sweet is to ask for a Grande Iced Coffee with:

No classic syrup;

One pump of pumpkin sauce;

Three pumps of sugar-free vanilla syrup;

Some extra pumpkin spice topping, with light creams such as half-and-half.

Pumpkin Iced Chai Latte

This drink is simple and sweet and only requires:

A Grande Iced Chai Latte;

Almond Milk;

One pump of chai concentrate;

0.5 pump of pumpkin.

STARBUCKS MEDICINE BALL TEA

This drink is terrific for the cold/flu season. Simply ask for:

Honey citrus mint tea;

One packet of honey;

One light lemonade.

However, sometimes it helps to have this drink on hand, so here is a Starbucks Medicine Ball recipe!

PUMPKIN COCONUT LATTE

This treat is a great way to satisfy the fall craving!

Just order:

A Grande Pumpkin Spice Latte;

1.2 pumps of pumpkin sauce;

Some coconut milk.

CHAI TEA LATTE

The healthy version of this amazing drink requires ordering:

A Grande hot or iced chai tea latte; Almond milk;

One pump of chai;

Two pumps of sugar-free vanilla;

One shot of blonde espresso.

Same taste, amazing flavor!

PUMPKIN SPICE FLAT WHITE

A great way to create a healthy version of this treat is to ask for:

A Grande flat white;

A pumpkin spice topping;

Some almond milk.

Now that the craving for fall drinks is there, here are some healthy Starbucks drink options that you can enjoy year-round:

MINT MAJESTY: 0 CALORIES;

BLACK COFFEE: 0 TO 5 CALORIES;

CAFFÉ AMERICANO: 15 CALORIES;

COLD BREW WITH COLD FOAM: 35 CALORIES;

'FAKE' CHAI LATTE: 60 CALORIES (CHAI TEA

BAG WITH HALF MILK, HALF WATER);

ICED SKINNY MOCHA: 120 CALORIES;

CAPPUCCINO: 140 CALORIES (WITH SKIM MILK);

ICED FLAT WHITE: 150 CALORIES.

There are many health benefits to drinking coffee, including the fact that the coffee beans are full of antioxidants, may have anti-inflammatory properties and could potentially prevent heart disease. However, the pros to drinking coffee can be drowned out by the many calories and sugars added to make coffee taste sweeter.

The most important thing to remember is moderation. Make sure the coffee consumption, whether a Pumpkin Spice Latte or Decaf Coffee, is within a healthy limit. Here are some tips to make a sweet coffee drink taste amazing but also reduce the extras to make them healthier:

Avoid overusing sweetened syrups, cream and whipped cream when using creamers.

Opt for a tall or grande drink whenever possible to avoid consuming a ton of calories.

Cut down on the pimps of syrup, whipped cream, etc., to create a lighter version.

Splashing any milk shouldn't do any damage, but skim, dairy-free or non-fat milk can take care of cutting down some calories.

A PARTING REMINDER

Fall is a beautiful time of year, and the nostalgia that comes with it is unbeatable. Starbucks drinks have become an essential part of that fall nostalgia with the spicy, sharp scents and sweet tickly smells of cinnamon, pumpkin and sugar. The smell is enough to conjure up images of orange, yellow and red hues found on the trees outside and makes snuggling up with a blanket and book extremely tempting. Just remember, when it comes to anything, moderation is key! So, next time the craving for a Starbucks Fall drink comes up, mix the unnecessary creamers, cut down on pumps of syrup and order smaller sizes to make a healthier treat. Now grab a scarf and go get a Pumpkin Spice Latte at Starbucks. Enjoy!

WHAT

Carpal Tunnel

WORDS BY PETER C.

Are you noticing numbness, tingling or pain on your wrists, forearm and hand? You might be experiencing carpal tunnel syndrome, a wrist condition caused by the compression of the median nerve in your wrist. This nerve is responsible for providing sensation to your thumb and first three fingers — when it becomes compressed, you may experience numbness, tingling or weakness in these areas. There are several causes of carpal tunnel syndrome, including repetitive motions (like typing), wrist injuries and arthritis.

Symptoms typically develop gradually and may worsen at night or with extended use of the hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome is treated with splinting, steroid injections or surgery. Surgery is usually reserved for cases that do not respond to other treatment methods.

How Carpal Tunnel Feels Like

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm to the hand, becomes compressed. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist through which the median nerve and tendons pass. When the wrist is bent or extended, the carpal tunnel can become narrower, compressing the median nerve and causing symptoms.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that affects people of all ages. However, it is more common in women than men and is more likely to occur in people with a family history of the condition. It is also more

common in people with diabetes and thyroid problems.

Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include numbness, tingling, pain and weakness in the hand and wrist. The symptoms typically develop gradually and may worsen at night or with extended use of the hand. They are often worse in the morning and may improve during the day as the hand is used.

If you think you may have carpal tunnel syndrome, see your doctor for an evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment of carpal tunnel can help prevent permanent damage to the median nerve.

What Causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Several wrist conditions can lead to carpal tunnel. The most common cause is wrist injury, which can damage the tendons and other tissues in the wrist, leading to inflammation and swelling. Other causes include repetitive motion (such as typing or using a mouse), arthritis and pregnancy.

Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome usually involves rest, splinting and physical therapy. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the median nerve.

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history and perform a physical exam. The exam will include tests to check for sensation and muscle strength in your hand and wrist. They may also perform X-rays or other imaging studies to rule out other conditions that could cause your symptoms.

Carpal Tunnel Treatment

Carpal tunnel syndrome is treated with splinting, steroid injections or surgery:

Splinting involves wearing a splint that immobilizes the wrist and hand to allow the median nerve to rest.

Steroid injections are used to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. Surgery is usually reserved for cases that do not respond to other treatment methods. It involves cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel to relieve pressure on the median nerve.

If you have mild carpal tunnel syndrome, your doctor may recommend wrist splints or braces to help relieve pressure on the median nerve. For more severe cases, they may recommend surgery to release the pressure on the nerve. Recovery from surgery takes several weeks, and you will likely need to wear a splint or brace during this time.

If you are considering surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome, be sure to discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Surgery is generally safe, but there are potential complications, such as infection and nerve damage.

Wrist Curls

Sit with your forearm resting on a table and your wrist hanging off the edge.

Use a light weight (i.e., 2-5 pounds) and slowly curl your wrist up, then back down.

Repeat 10 times.

Reverse Wrist Curls

The same position as above, but curl your wrist down and back up.

Again, use a light weight and repeat 10 times.

Finger Stretches

Extend your arm out in front of you with your palm up.

Use your other hand to gently bend each finger back towards your palm, feeling a stretch in the tendons on the top of your hand.

Hold each stretch for 30 seconds and repeat 3 times.

Prayer Stretch

Place your palms together in front of you at chest level, keeping your fingers pointing towards the ceiling.

Gently press your palms together, feeling a stretch in the wrist and forearm.

Hold for 30 seconds and repeat 3 times.

Will Carpal Tunnel

Exercises for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Here are some exercises for carpal tunnel syndrome that can help alleviate wrist pain and improve hand function:

Go Away after Pregnancy?

If you are pregnant and feeling a tingling, numbness or weakness in your wrist, you may wonder if this is carpal tunnel syndrome and if it will go away after pregnancy.

A carpal tunnel occurs when the tissues around the wrist swell from fluid retention during pregnancy. The swelling puts pressure on the median nerve, which can cause pain, tingling and numbness in the wrist and hand.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is more common in pregnant women because of the changes in hormone levels that occur during pregnancy, causing the tissues around the wrist to swell.

The good news is that carpal tunnel syndrome usually goes away after pregnancy. However, some women may need to wear a wrist splint or take medication to help relieve the symptoms.

If you are concerned about carpal tunnel syndrome, talk to your doctor. They can help you decide if you need to be seen by a specialist and what treatment options are best for you.

How to Prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

If you have carpal tunnel syndrome, it’s important to take steps to prevent further damage to the median nerve. These steps include:

Avoiding repetitive motions of the wrist;

Taking breaks often if you must perform repetitive tasks;

Keeping your wrist in a neutral position when typing or using a mouse;

Exercising regularly to strengthen the muscles around the wrist;

Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the wrist.

A Parting Reminder

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a preventable condition. You only need to take breaks during extended periods of typing or other hand-intensive activities. However, you should also talk to your doctor if you experience any numbness, tingling or pain in your hands or wrists.

WHAT YOUTHFUL INDIVIDUALS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT Stroke

WORDS BY M Ă LINA O. R.

Looking out for your health from a young age is essential. But unfortunately, a significant part of our young population lives under the impression that only middle-aged and older people are at risk of medical issues, such as stroke. Indeed, young people have a smaller chance of experiencing a stroke, but you can never say never.

WHAT DOES OUR YOUTH NEED TO KNOW ABOUT STROKES?

Although they may seem impossible for young people, strokes may befall you at any age. The chances of having a stroke do increase with age, but that does not mean you are not prone to them when young. Almost 15% of strokes affect people between 18 and 50. Indeed, 18 may sound like a long way away from strokes. Even 45 is considered a young stroke age by experts and doctors.

Young people who tend to overlook their health's importance are more prone to experiencing a stroke. Someone living a chaotic life full of harmful habits has a higher chance of going through such a traumatic and, sometimes, lethal event. Although the overall rate of strokes dropped in the last few years, the rate has risen amongst our youth.

TYPES OF STROKES

Different factors can trigger a stroke. It depends on the health conditions someone may have, habits and overall lifestyle.

#1: Clotting Disorders

Some people are unaware of the disorders they may be suffering from. That is why it is vital to have a health test done at least once a year. A few conditions, such as sickle cell disease, can turn deadly if not treated in time. This disorder causes blood clumps to form, turning into clots that can clog a vein and cause a stroke.

#2: Patent Foramen Ovale

Another condition that many people do not know they have is Patent Foramen Ovale or PTO. PTO is a congenital disability consisting of a small opening between the heart's two upper chambers. A thin membrane gets formed through that tiny opening, which stops blood circulation. Although the risk of stroke in people with PTO is relatively low compared to other stroke causes, the possibility still remains.

#3: Arterial Problems

People with sports-related trauma experience strokes at a higher rate. But this may happen

spontaneously as well. These strokes happen when the first layer of a blood vessel, the layer of cells, tears down and lets blood enter the vessel wall and narrow it. If you experience severe headaches, distorted vision, heavy eyelids, a sudden decrease in the sense of taste and pain around the eyes, call 911. These are all symptoms of low blood circulation that can end in a stroke.

#4: A Chaotic Lifestyle

Factors that have nothing to do with disorders or illnesses can also increase the risk of having a stroke. For example, smoking, heavy drinking and substance abuse are the main risk factors in young people. Although these habits are not the only causes of strokes in young people, they are a significant part of the percentage.

PREVENTING OR REDUCING STROKE RISKS

Fortunately, there are ways to diminish your chances of experiencing a stroke. Having a heart condition may not be something you can control, but there are ways in which you can diminish the damaging outcomes. Risk factors such as high cholesterol, diabetes and high blood pressure appear more frequently amongst young people.

A healthy lifestyle will diminish the chances of having a stroke. For example, limiting the intake of sugary beverages and salt is the first step toward lowering the chances of experiencing a stroke. Also, avoiding cigarettes and alcohol as much as possible will lower your risk of having a stroke.

A PARTING REMINDER

If you feel your arms weaken, can't speak normally and can't feel your face, call for medical help. These are the main symptoms of a stroke, and it's essential to arrive at the hospital as quickly as possible.

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