TORONTO BOTANICAL
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The Toronto Botanical Garden is a volunteer-based, charitable organization whose purpose is to inspire passion, respect and understanding of gardening, horticulture, the natural land- scapeand a healthy environment. Since its inception in 1958, the Toronto Botanical Garden formerly The Civic Garden Centre, has encour-
countless Canadian gardeners. 50 years later, the Toronto Botanical Garden has -expanded its vision and set a goal tobecome aself-sustaining urban oasis while making Toronto the mosthorticulturallyenlightenedcityintheworld.
- What WeOfer
Located at Edwards Gardens the Toronto Botanical Garden offers many programsand semces, including year-round activities for families and children. Ourhorti-cultural library has over 8000 books, periodicals, and a large col-
nursery and seed catalogues as well as a great selection of children s gardening books. Horticultural Information Services offers free gardening information yearround, and shop TBG has many unique gifts, books and gardening supplies for sale. The TeachingGarden has been created as a working garden to foster interest and educate people in the love and values of gardening and the natural world. As well, the TBG has a wide variety of banquet halls, meeting rooms and show space, with access to Edwards Gardens, one of aged,stimulated and educated lection of clippings, pamphlets, Toronto s favourite garden spots.
3¢ Directory & Hours of Operation
777 Lawrence Ave. East Toronto, ON M3C 1P2
Administrative Offices: Monday to Friday 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Library: Monday to Saturday 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Sunday 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
shopTBG: Monday to Saturday 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Sunday 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Library and shopTBG open for some special events and holidays: call 416-397-1340 to inquire.
Telephone: 416-397-1340; Fax: 416-397-1354
E-mail: info@torontobotanicalgarden.ca
Master Gardeners Info Line: 416-397-1345
Monday to Friday 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday, Sunday & Holidays noon to 3 p.m. or Www.questions.torontomastergardeners.ca
Children s Programs: 416-397-1355
childrensprograms@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Communications: 416-397-1351 communication@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Courses: 416-397-1362; programs@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Donation Inquiries: 416-397-1483 annualgiving@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Events: 416-397-1484 events@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Executive Director: 416-397-1346 director@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Horticultural Services: 416-397-1358 horticulture@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Library: 416-397-1343; library@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Rentals: 416-397-1349; rentals@torontobotanicalgarden.ca shopTBG: 416-397-1357 shop@torontobotanicalgarden.ca Volunteer Co-ordinator: 416-397-4145 volunteers@torontobotanicalgarden.ca
3¢ Patrons
HONORARY PATRON: Adrienne Clarkson
Brian Bixley, AwdreyClarke, Mark Cullen, Camilla Dalglish, Sondra Gotlieb, Marjorie Harris, LorraineJohnson, Michele Landsberg, Susan Macauley, Helen Skinner
3% Board of Directors
PRESIDENT: Geoffrey Dyer
Susan Burns, Dugald Cameron, Peter Cantley, Lindsay Dale-Harris, Kathy Dembroski, TonyDiGiovanni, Heather Dickson, Suzanne Drinkwater, James E. Eckenwalder, Ralph Fernando, Mary Fisher, Colomba B. Fuller, Jim Gardhouse, Janet Greyson, Marjorie Harris,Janet Karn, Sonia Leslie, Rosemary Phelan, Jean Read, Roberta Roberts, Dawn Scott, Elaine Solway
3¢ Staff Members
Executive Director
Margo Welch Director, Communications Jenny Rhodenizer Program Co-ordinator Graham Curry Director, Development
Stephanie Chiang
Special Events Co-ordinator Meagan Wilson Director, Horticulture Cathie Cox Manager, shopTBG Brad Keeling
Fundraising Assistant
Children s Programs Co-ordinator
Facility Sales Supervisor
Facility Sales Assistant
Maintenance Supervisor
Maintenance Officer
Volunteer Intern
Librarian
Receptionists
Accountant
Administrator
Sarah Durnan
Liz Hood
Kristin Campbell
Jenny Beard
Walter Morassutti
Alvin Allen, Ken Ko
Tanya Ziat
Leanne Hindmarch
Nancy Kostoff
Tanya Ziat
Joe Sabatino
Shirley Lyons
EDITOR
Lorraine Flanigan
DESIGN
June Anderson
TRELLIS COMMITTEE
Lorraine Hunter (chair), Lorraine Flanigan (editor), Carol Gardner, Marion Magee, Jenny Rhodenizer
Britt Silverthorne
VOLUNTEER EDITORIALASSISTANT
M. Magee
VOLUNTEER PROOFREADERS
M. Bruce, J. Campbell, L. Hickey, J. McCluskey, L. & S. Skinner, Ken Sundquist
ADVERTISING 416-397-1351
Printed by Harmony Printing on recycled paper
Trellis is published five times a year as a members newsletter by the Toronto Botanical Garden at Edwards Gardens. 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario M3C 1P2, 416-397-1340.
Manuscripts submitted on a voluntary basis are gratefully received. No remuneration is possible.
Articles, manuscripts and advertising material must be received by the first of the month to ensure publication eight weeks later.
For example, material for the May/June 2007, issue must be received by March 2, 2007.
Opinions expressed in 7rellis do not necessarily reflect those of the TBG. Submissions may be edited for style and darity.
All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without written permission.
Charitable business number: 119227486RR0001Canada Publications Mail Product Sales Agreement #40013928 ISSN 0380-1470
Discover earth, air, fire and water at this year s show
the garden of Tom and Linda Atkinson
from the TBG
by Margo Welch ® Executive DIRECTOR
Forging a strategic plan
his year the focus of Tthe board of directors and staffis on strategic planning. For the past four years our time and resources have been largely directed towards the Revitalization Project and maintaining our core services. Now that we have successfully opened the George and Kathy Dembroski Centre for Horticulture and our 12 themed gardens we must ensure that we build on our achievements and flourish as Toronto s first botanical garden.
Strategic planning is helping us to establish the priorities for the short and mid-term which, in turn, will guide the operational plans for the next three years. Part of this exercise involves understanding the context in which we live our competition, demographics, trends and the social, business and philanthropic climate. To make informed decisions we must know the challenges and opportunities facing us and define the possibilities.
As a newly created botanical garden, the TBG is in a unique position to set a vision and to operate in a way that responds to contemporary interests and needs. Green has become part of the consciousness of the broader community, and we are well positioned to advance this agenda. How do we wish to do this? Opportunities abound but we cannot do everything that we might like. For example, there is additional land around the building in which we could develop new demonstration gardens and which can also protect and rejuvenate the green belt that runs from the TBG
to the waterfront through the Don Valley ravine. Another possibility is to increase our outreach by delivering more off-site educational programs for children and adults and to expand our impact by partnering with other organizations and programs. At the same time, we want to increase public participation in our own programs and services and to bring more people to the gardens. With all of these options we must determine what is achievable and the best path to ensure success.
Another initiative is the creation of an endowment fund for the upkeep and enhancement of the gardens. All gardeners know that continuous maintenance is essential to a beautiful garden, and a public garden that is designed to demonstrate the highest standards has a particular responsibility in this regard. Endowment funds build and invest capital to generate income on an annual basis. The income is then used for the designated purpose which in our case is to support our gardens. The TBG s endowment fund will create a stable annual income that is essential for our long-term sustainability.
Our strategic plan will establish the priorities and set the TBG s goals for the next three years. If you have ideas or comments on what you think is most important and where our efforts should be concentrated, please pass them on to a board member, a senior staff person or me. When the plan is finalized later this spring a full report will be made to TBG members. @
FRIENDS OF THE TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN
Thank you to the following Friends for providing generous support towards our programs and services. Our Friends are fundamental to the TBG s ability to educate and provide the community with the most
PRESIDENT S CIRCLE ($5,000+)
Anonymous
George & Kathy Dembroski
DIRECTOR S CIRCLE
($2,500-$4,999)
Jennifer Carter
Michael &Vivienne Wiggan
BENEFACTOR ($1,000-$2,499)
The Harold A. Kopas Charitable Foundation
Edith Jewett
Donald & Janet Karn
SUSTAINING MEMBERS
($500-$999)
Karen Barnett
Constance Fuller Quick
Dawn Scott
Helen Skinner
ShirleyTaylor
Jane & Donald Wright
FRIENDS ($140-$499)
Anonymous
Alice Adelkind
Robert Armstrong
Brian & Maureen Bixley
Kelvin Browne
Patricia Crawford
Janet Davis
Susan & Mike Dolbey
Lindsay Drake Nightingale
Miriam Drennan
Shari Ezyk
Jill Farrow
Dorothy Ferris
Erica Gilbert
Irene Gish
Diana Goad
Gordon Horne
Jean Johnson
Donalda Kelk
Susan Loube
Susan Lue
Lee & Chuck Magwood
Barbara McDonald
Mary McDougall Maude & Phillip Maude
Joyce McKeough
Carolyne Miki
The following individuals made
valuable and up-to-date information on gardening and horticulture. donations to the Friends Program from November 1, 2006, to December 31, 2006.
Mai-Liis Miller
Alan & Margaret Millikin
Marion Moore
Otto Muller
Elyse Parker
Norm & Lynda Picov
Gisele Quesnel-Oke
Konrad Radacz
Flavia Redelmeier
Jane Reeves
Janet Rowley
Mary Simpson
Charlotte Smith
W. Gary Smith
Ruthanne Stiles
JaniceTurner King
JeanVan De Water
Robert & Marion Waddell
Pat Weddell
Jane Welch
Margo Welch
Tanny Wells
Barbara Wilkins
Mary Grace Wright
Trudy Wright
Clildren'sPrograms
by Liz Hood © CHILDREN'S PROGRAMS CO-ORDINATOR
Kid s corner: enraptured by raptbrs
COME MARCH the first signs of spring are in the air, literally. Before the return of the warblers or robins come the hunters of the sky - raptors! These hunting birds of our Canadian wild places include hawks, falcons, ospreys and vultures. March and April is an ideal time to search the skies for soaring shapes as these birds make their way home for the summer. Ifyou want to learn more about these amazing birds and see some live and up close, come to the Toronto Botanical Garden s March Break camps. Thursday, March 15 is Flight Day, and we ll touch wings and feathers, see a live raptor show in the afternoon and learn how birds fly. If you love raptors, you won t want to miss this camp!
Hawks are great birds to start watching because they are easy to identify and interesting to learn about. Hawks in the Buteo family love to soar; these short-tailed, big-winged raptors soar and pounce on unsuspecting rodents. Hawks in the Accipter family are the fighter pilots of the raptor world. Weaving in and out of forests chasing small birds, Accipters need short round wings and long tails.
Vultures, like the turkey vulture found so commonly around the Niagara Escarpment,
soar too, but they have noticeable fingers at the ends of their wings and tiny heads, and they almost never flap their wings once they find a warm updraft.
When you have learned to identify the different raptors at the TBG, head to the Leslie Street Spit with your family, or take a trip to the world-famous Hawk CIiff just south of St. Thomas, Ontario. During spring migration as many as 20,000 broad-winged hawks have been spotted at Hawk Cliff in a single day!
R By S A T B P A T R TR e e Identify each of these three raptors from the clues in this article.
OINES
by Cathie Cox e Director, Horticulture
Keepers ofthe Gardens
VOLUNTEERS HAVE ALWAYS been the backbone of the Toronto Botanical Garden. Over the years, various volunteer groups have helped to make events such as Get the Jump on Spring, Through the Garden Gate and the plant sales a success. The maintenance of our new gardens is no exception. Without volunteers, gardeners David Leaman and Sandra Pella and I would have been planting, weeding and watering round the clock last year.
During a review of last season, it became very evident that the gardens could not be maintained as they should be without the constant support of volunteers. Although there was a lot of support from many, many volunteers throughout the season, we were pleasantly surprised to find that a committed and dedicated corps volunteered at least once a week, every week. Members of this small but effective group took their work very seriously and were absolutely committed to the gardens success. The TBG is most grateful to these volunteers for their investment of time and effort.
In recognition of that dedication, a suggestion was made and quickly adopted to form a special unit known as Keepers Of the GardenS (KOGS). We have put into place a philosophy and structure that encompasses screening, training, roles and commitment. To be effective in helping our organization accomplish its goals, a certain amount of continual training for this core group of gardeners will be essential. Classes in gardening techniques will be given before the start ofeach season as well as in spring and summer that focus on specific plants and theme gardens. KOGS will also be expected to keep abreast of developments within the gardens.
The immediate aim of KOGS is to support the gardening staff and help maintain the design
integrity ofthe gardens. To this end, KOGS members report directly to the gardening staff and must commit to care for the gardens in the manner specified by the gardeners and the garden designers. Ultimately, this group will support and give guidance to other volunteer gardeners. They will be readily identifiable as KOGS and, as such, will represent the professionalism and high standards of the TBG. While working in the gardens, they will be expected to help respond to questions and comments from the general public in a pleasant and helpful manner.
I have asked KOGS volunteers for a minimum commitment of 100 hours each season and am very pleased that the group remains unwaveringly enthusiastic. The TBG is, and always has been, very lucky to have enthusiastic volunteers. I look forward to working with the KOGS and the rest of the gardening volunteers this spring, and to an exciting future.®
Be a garden volunteer
Ifyou are interested in becoming a garden volunteer for 2007 or have anyquestions regarding volunteering in the garden, please contact Cathie Cox at horticulture@torontobotanicalgarden.ca.
VISIT THE TBG AT CANADA BLOOMS
Whenyou'reatCanadaBloomsbetweenMarch7and11, visitourboothon the 700Levelnearthelecturehalls. Theshopwillbecarryingawideselectionof booksrelatedto thelecture topicsofferedattheshow. Booksfromtheauthors featuredattheshow willbeavailableatourbooth, inaddition, many willbe offeringautographsessionsatlocationfollowingtheirtalks. Checkourwebsite forthecompletescheduleofauthors, datesandtimes.Anddon'tforgettobring yourmembershipcardtoreceiveyour10percentdiscount!
$ )®b AVAILABLE STARTING MARCH 6, 2007! How to Make a Garden
The 7 Essential Steps for the Canadian Gardener
Written by Marjorie Harris
Marjorie will be signing copies of her books at the TBG booth on SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 2007 at 1:45 p.m. following her lecture on "How to Make a Garden .
Garden News
Lorraine Hunterreports on the latest developments in horticulturefrom across the nation and around the world ...
Bird Decline Blamed on Lost Lawns
he Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) warns that decking, patios and gravel gardens may be contributing to a decline in bird populations. The British conservationist group warns that the number of song thrushes, house sparrows and starlings in Britain has plummeted over the last 30 years as a trend to replace lawns with low-maintenance alternatives has increased. The RSPB urges people to leave lawns in place because without a habitat for insects, there are fewer bugs for nestlings to eat. However, supplementing natural food with seeds and nuts and planting natural food sources ... can only help, says Richard Bashford of the RSPB. The group also urges gardeners to plant native shrubs, leave patches of long grass and introduce bird feeders and tables. They also suggest that you consider building a wildlife garden by planting nectar-producing and seedand berry-bearing plants, refraining from the use of pesticides and putting out a bird bath or filling a shallow dish with fresh water every day.
Professional and amateur gardeners have been invited to enter a competition to redesign the walled gardens at Hadspen Gardens in Somerset, England, which have been in limbo since the departure last year of the Canadian gardening team of Sandra and Nori Pope. Beginning in 1986 the couple transformed the Upper Garden with entirely new planting schemes using unusual plants and many that they developed and named themselves, such as Astrantia Hadspen Blood and Dicentra spectabilis Gold Heart .
DesignerVegetables Are Hot
ACCORDINGTOTHETREND-SETTERS UNUSUAL vegetables are in . Here are some new ones that you might want to try from seed this year.
Cheddarcauliflower (Brassica oleracea Cheddar hybrid) and Discovery Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris Discovery). The orange colour ofthe novelty cauliflower comes from high levels of beta carotene. The hybrid blood-red Swiss chard has dark green, lightly savoyed leaves with contrasting dark red stems. Both are available from Stokes Seeds.
Purple Haze carrots (Daucus carota), which havea purple exteriorand brightorange interior, and Golden Detroit beet (Beta vulgaris crassa), a round, sweet and tender beet with golden flesh that stays this unique colour when cooked. Available from McKenzie Seeds.
Rainbow carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus hybrid), an exceptionally crisp and tasty carrot in four bright colours: white, yellow, light and dark orange. A selection of Rainbow carrots makesa great dipping tray, and when cooked the colours become even brighter! Available fromVeseys Seeds. Check at shopTBG for interesting seed varieties.
N D [V
The gardens new owner, Niall Hobhouse (son of gardener Penelope Hobhouse), plans to give Hadspen a landmark garden that will provide a platform on which the evolution of planting style can continue to be explored ...The winner has to be bold, but he or she gets a job of planting the garden they have dreamed of, he says in a recent edition of The Garden, the magazine of the Royal Horticultural Society.
For more information on the competition, visit www.thehadspenparabola.com.
THE NATIONAL GARDEN BUREAU hascome up with a list ofthe topten reasons why people garden today. Safe, healthy food. Rising concerns about pesticides in our food supply have led to an increased interest in organic gardening. Starting your own garden means knowing the food you eat is fresh and safe with fantastic flavour. Exercise. An hour of moderate gardening can burn upto 300 calories for women, almost 400 calories for men. Mowing the grass is like taking a vigorouswalk, bending and stretching to plant a garden compares to an exercise class, while hauling plants and soil is similar to weightlifting. Add beauty. Your home can be made more inviting simply byadding a container of colourful flowers near the front door.Trees and shrubs not only provide colour and shade but also shelter for birds and wildlife. Learn. Gardeners find that the more they learn about plants and
WHY DO YOU GARDEN?
gardening, the more they want to know. There are a variety of ways to increase gardening know-how such as seminars, Master Gardener programs, technical courses and formal degree programs. Make money. A garden can be the source of flowers, vegetables, herbs and other crops which can be sold at local farmers markets and roadside stands. Also, real estate agents estimate that attractive landscaping increases a home s value by as much as 15 per cent. Meet people. Meeting other gardenersthrough garden clubs,plant organizations and gardening Web sites is an easyway to share information, ask questions and get involved. Be creative. With the wide variety of seeds and plants available in garden centres, it seasyto experiment with new plants orchange a garden s colour scheme every year.
When is a Spinach Not a Spinach?
If you walked through the Kitchen Garden at the TBG last fall you may have noticed the bright leafy spinach growing up against a wall. Known as Malabar spinach, it s not a true spinach but belongs in the Basellaceae family. A warm-season crop from India and Indonesia, it is grown widely in the tropics and can be started from seeds or cuttings. Malabar spinach tastes like spinach and can be cooked like spinach. It is sold under two names: Basella alba, which has green stems and thick fleshy leaves, and Basella rubra, which has red stems. This vegetable is also known by many other names: Ceylon spinach and Vietnamese spinach; saan choy, shan tsoi, lor kwai (Chinese); tsuru murasa kai (Japanese); mong toi (Vietnamese); paag-prung (Thai). Using Malabar spinach is a great idea for vegetable plots in small spaces because it grows as a vine and should be planted where it can be trained or allowed to climb. ©0 0000000000000 OCOCFOGFOGIOIOGOOSEOS
Win. Garden clubs have shows that highlight the best flowers grown by local gardeners. Competitive gardening is fun and interesting; there can even be national recognition and monetary prizes.
Emotional need and spiritual connection.A garden mayserve as a tranquil retreat or private escape from the demands of everyday life. The beauty offlowers can lift spirits, while pulling weeds can be a great release for stress and excess energy. A harvest of colourful flowers or tasty vegetables provides a sense of achievement and feelings ofsuccess.
Lasting memories. Gardening is afun activity that can be shared with children and grandchildren, even if the garden is a single container or small spot in the yard. And a garden providesa beautiful wayto remember a special person or time of life.
With information supplied by the National Gardening Bureau Inc.
Garden Labyrinth Will Honour Winnipeg Author
The family of the late novelist Carol Shields has donated $10,000 towards the building of a garden labyrinth in King s Park, Winnipeg. Construction on the Carol Shields Memorial Labyrinth will begin in the spring. At this writing, $130,000 has been raised toward the project, and another $40,000 is required. Shields lived in Winnipeg for 20 years, where she wrote her best-known books, including The Stone Diaries, The Republic of Love and Larry s Party.
Lorraine Hunter is a TBG member and chair of the Trellis Committee.
Discover Earth, Air, Fire and Water at Canada Blooms!
GeneralManager Steve Barberinvitesyou to experience all ofthe Elements at thisyear s show, March 7 to 11.
'mmerse yourself in the Elements the
theme of Canada Blooms 2007. At this year s show you ll discover six acres of glorious gardens in full bloom, five days of seminars, workshops and demonstrations presented by gardening celebrities from across the country and a Marketplace full of the latest in gardening gear. Here s a roundup of not-to-be-missed exhibits and events.
FEATURE GARDENS
More than 30 dazzling and unique display gardens have been designed to reflect the theme of this year s show. You ll see brilliant spring flowers in full bloom, lush plantings, dazzling water features and dramatic stonework.
The Home Depot and Parklane Nurseries Ltd. invite you to experience Elemental Gardening, an integration of earth, air, fire and water that illustrates the value your garden can provide when you select plants that are not only beautiful but edible, when you create natural spaces for your children to play, areas to entertain and a spot to relax. While you re there, visit the Home Depot s You-Can-Do-It Interactive Space and learn how to use tools, materials and supplies to build
your own beautiful garden. Attend the seminars, playwith the new tools and prepare to be inspired to create your very own retreat. Fun, interactive and educational don tmiss this special area new to Canada Blooms!
The popular balcony and townhouse gardens return to showcase innovative and sophisticated design ideas for urban gardeners. Also returning are the terrace gardens, which offer big ideas for small spaces. Stop by the Stoney Ridge Winery Solarium and sample some of Niagara s finest vintages.
The very popular Dry Stone Wall Association will once again dazzle and amaze you with their unique old-world skills. This year they will incorporate their dry stone wall techniques into a sunken garden and will demonstrate their dramatic arch-building expertise.
DEMONSTRATIONS AND TALKS
As always, Canada Blooms is the best place to learn from experts who share their secrets on everything from garden and floral design trends to low-maintenance and natural gardening. This year s speakers include Des Kennedy, Marjorie Harris, Mark Cullen and John Valleau. You won' t want to miss a word they say!
FLOWER SHOW
In the Garden Club of Toronto floral exhibition hall, you ll see prize-winning floral designs created by some of the most talented non-professional exhibitors and garden club members.
Again this year there ll be an open horticulture competition. It s a chance for any non-professional exhibitor, and all members of horticultural societies and garden clubs, to show off their flair
with flowers. Enter a variety of horticultural categories including Metal Mania and Tempest, each inspired by the Elements theme and incorporating the elements of earth, air, fire and water. For more information on the open classes, visit www.canadablooms.com.
PLANTS, PLANTS, PLANTS
This year s Collector Series Plant of the Year, Ruby Star coneflower (Echinacea purpurea Rubinstern ), is a stunning coneflower with deep pink petals. It will be available during the show exclusively at the Home Depot, so don t miss out on the chance to add to your Canada Blooms Plant of the Year collection.
Then take a peek at the season s new plants at the Landscape Ontario display a must for every visitor to Canada Blooms. Bring a notepad to jot down some of the vibrant and exciting new annuals, perennials and shrubs created by top plant breeders. While you're there, don t forget to pick up a copy of the special edition of Landscape Trades for home gardeners. It features all of the new plants for 2007.
CELEBRITY EVENTS AND SPECIAL OFFERS
Don t miss the Do Up the Doorstep celebrity event where some of Canada s best put their design skills to the test in a front porch container competition. Vote for your favourite arrangement for a chance to win a Miracle-Gro gift package.
Plan to stop by to meet the editors of Canadian Gardening and take advantage of their exclusive Canada Blooms subscription offer. With any renewal or purchase, receive a copy of Great Canadian Plant Guide, a $25 value. Edited by Trevor Cole, it s a dandy pocket-sized bookgreat for toting along to the garden centres this season.
Canada Blooms is a not-for-profit volunteer-driven event that seeks to promote awareness of horticulture and to showcase outstanding floral and landscape products and services. The show could not be produced without the generous assistance of over 800 volunteers from across
GARDENERS MARKETPLACE
Discover new treasures for your garden and shop for exciting gardening gadgets and designer innovations from across Canada in the Toronto Star Marketplace and along Blooms Avenue. Here s where you ll find everything from the newest plants to the latest in gardening gear, décor and accessories.
THE GARDEN PARTY
Celebrate spring by attending The Garden Party, Canada Blooms opening night gala which takes place on Tuesday, March 6. Stroll through our dazzling gardens while you savour signature cocktails and sumptuous cuisine and enjoy great entertainment all night long,. This fun-filled evening offers a chance to meet some of the most innovative landscape designers and architects in town.
Don t miss Canada Blooms
Wednesday, March 7, to Sunday, March 11 Wednesday to Saturday, 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Sunday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
MetroToronto Convention Centre, South Building Late afternoons and evenings are the best times to visit.
TICKETS:
Adults: $18 at the door; $16 in advance (before March 3) from Sobeys Ontario stores, participating garden centres, shopTBG and online at www.canadablooms.com
Seniors (65+) and students $16, Children 12 and under, free Early morning tours $35 (includes all-day admission, reservation required)
Opening Night Party $175 (advance tickets only): call 416-447-8655 x30
Canada. Please contact the Canada Blooms office if you are interested in participating as a volunteer. To date over $500,000 in show proceeds has been reinvested in community horticultural projects including the new Entrance Garden at the TBG.
A SALUTE TO NATIVE TREES
JudyHernandezexplores the uniquegarden ofTom andLindaAtkinson.
ne day last year, before the trees had 0 leafed out, Tom Atkinson witnessed a remarkable encounter. A merlin (a type of falcon) was perched in a tree, where it spied a red squirrel in a neighbouring black walnut. The merlin swooped over to the walnut but the squirrel saw the hawk coming and darted behind the trunk. With the solid trunk between them, predator and prey faced each other. The bird broke the tension by flapping away, leaving the startled squirrel to live another day.
Tom saw this skirmish in his own backyard, a woodland garden belonging to him and his wife, Linda. Over more than 25 years, the couple has developed a garden dedicated to native woody plants, especiallytrees which Tom loves, along with the native perennials that he also grows. Linda loves colourful annuals and perennials, garden art and bird feeders. Together, they have createda little bit ofwilderness on a large lot in North York.
Gardening, says Tom, is not exterior decorating. He likes to work with nature, interfering as little as possible. Consequently, his goal in building the garden was to start, not create, a woodland in the heart of Toronto .
Their irregularly shaped lot is narrow at the street but very broad at the rear. At the curb, a patch of sun-loving prairie dock (Silphium terebinthinaceun) is thriving, with large basal leaves and toweringyellow composite flowers. A huge London plane tree (Platanus x hispanica) dominates the front garden and is underplanted with a swath of starry false Solomon s seal (Maianthemum stellatum syn. Smilacina stellata ). Two large tulip trees (Liriodendron tulipifera) provide additional shade. Nearer the house, a purple-flowering raspberry bush (Rubus odoratus) sports pink rose-like flowers in summer. Between the house and the driveway, Tom created a mulched, mounded bed with Rhododendron maximum, American holly (/lex opaca), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), Zabel s cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus Zabeliana ),
mountain maple (Acer spicatum) and wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis). A wisteria, planted years ago at the side of the house, has snaked its way across the ground, up a yew tree, and into the plane tree, making an incongruous sight in spring (and summer) when that tree seems to sport pendulous purple flowers.
Though the garden surrounds the home, it s the backyard that has pride of place. Just outside the back door is the sunniest, most colourful spot in the garden, with many native and non-native plants and a large bottlebrush buckeye (Aesculus parviflora). Its spikes of white flowers in summer and bright yellow leaves in the fall make this shrub very attractive. If I had to pick five woody plants that someone should have, says Tom, I'd pick bottlebrush buckeye as one of them.
Stepping stones lead from this sunny glade to a web ofgrassypaths that criss-cross under the trees, where Tom has installed attractive wooden retainingwalls around some beds to keep grass out.
Most of the shrubs and trees that Tom grows are native to eastern North America, not just to Ontario, and a few are rare. A key reason for including native shrubs and trees in gardens is that they are better survivors than non-natives. They ve been tried and tested by nature, having adapted to various wind, light, moisture and soil
&7 - y
Photos: Judy Hernandez
conditions over centuries. Moreover, native woody flora, says Tom, give a character to the region somewhat like regional cuisine characterizes a region or country.
Tom has more than 50 shrub and tree species of varying sizes, about 50 per cent ofwhich he grew from seed. Two black walnut trees are the earliest native trees he planted, during his walnut-craze days. Today, two prime favourites are the tulip tree and the pawpaw (Asimina triloba). Tom finds the pawpaw fruit delicious and notes that the tree s large pendulous leaves give it a tropical look.
The native trees that grow in the Atkinson garden range from saplings to mature specimens. Saplings and smaller trees include white ash (Fraxinus americana), alternate-leaf, or pagoda, dogwood (Cornusalternifolia), black oak (Quercus velutina) and southern magnolias (Magnolia spp.). Medium-size trees include bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), butternut (Juglans cinerea), pumpkin ash (Fraxinus tomentosa), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) and pawpaw. Amongthe largesttrees in the garden are female and male Kentucky coffee trees (Gymnocladus dioica), silver maple (Acer saccharinum), red oak (Quercus rubra), black walnut (Juglans nigra), tulip and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima).
The perennials in the garden include ironweed (Vernonia sp.), virgin s bower (Clematis virginiana), culver s rtoot (Veronicastrum virginicum), cup plant (Silphim perfoliatum), fringed loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata) and the rare green dragon (Arisaema dracontium). Just outside the dining room window, a wild potato vine ([pomoea pandurata), or native morning glory, bears large pink-throated white flowers.
Linda s non-native plantings include daylilies,
NATIVE PLANT RESOURCES
potted coleus and fuchsia, scarlet runner bean and morning glory, all of which provide additional colour. She has also added bird feeders and whimsical art pieces to the garden which she made or bought at craft shows.
Ifyou plant trees, it s natural that wildlife will come. Over the years, the garden has seen its share, including groundhogs, raccoons, voles, hummingbirds, cardinals, chickadees, a greatcrested flycatcher, wrens, juncos, pheasants, sharp-shinned hawks and, of course, the merlin. Insects, toads, butterflies, moths and giant garden slugs (Limaxmaximus) round out the picture. In a way, says Tom, it s like Noah s Ark.
Now that the garden has become a mature woodland, not a lot of maintenance is required. The inevitable tasks include composting, weeding, watering, mulching, a little transplantingand occasionally pruning lower tree branches. Linda sometimes tries to tidy up the beds to manage rampant growth. During unusually dry spells in summer, the couple waters selectively, tending only the plants that seem stressed. However, most of the plants survive without watering. Tom and Linda also continually remove the few noxious invasive weeds that have made an appearance.
Tom was a founding member of the Canadian Wildflower Society, now called the North American Native Plant Society (NANPS), where he remains the only founding member on the board. What he and Linda have created is a medley of native and non-native flora in a multi-layered urban woodland one that provides a wonderful opportunity to observe, appreciate and commune with nature. @
Judy Hernandez is a garden writer and nativeplant enthusiast.
* North American Native Plant Society: www.nanps.org; 416-631-4438 (voice mail)
Native Plants Collection (a selection of wildflowers) and Ontario NativeTrees and Shrubs Collection,Arboretum, Royal Botanical Garden, Hamilton/Burlington, Ontario: www.rbg.ca/pages_hort/hort_arb_gdrn.html; toll-free in GTA 905-825-5040
e Native Plant Crossroads, Canadian Museum of Nature: www.nature.ca/pint/res
* Evergreen: www.evergreen.ca/nativeplants (native plant database); see review on page 27.
¢ Tree Canada Foundation: www.treecanada.ca
e Carolinian Canada: www.carolinian.org/FactSheets_NativeStock2.htm (native plant nurseries)
SPOTLIGHT ON [0ulz3a Liliki Gar
Gwen Rattle discovers a Hawaiian paradise
IFYOU TRAVEL to the magical islands of Hawaii, after indulging in the tourist attractions of Oahu and Maui, be sure to visit the Big Island of Hawaii. Stay in the lovely old town of Hilo where Cecil B. deMille was the first of 52 celebrities to plant a tree along Banyan Drive. Then, just as the sun settles low in the western skies, stroll down Banyan Drive past the multiple trunks and roots of the banyans and, at Banyan Drive and Lihikai Street, enter the calm serenity of Queen Lili uokalani Gardens (not to be confused with Lili 'uokalani Botanical Garden in Waikiki, Honolulu), where a plaque reads: Lili 'uokalani Gardens / dedicated in 1917 / to the memory of Queen Lili'uokalani and her enduring love for Hawaii s people .
Initially, the gardens were established in the early 1900s by the descendants of the first Japanese migrants who arrived as plantation workers during the Meiji era. Hilo has the largest percentage ofJapanese outsideJapan, and these grateful citizens memorialized their hardworking ancestors and honoured the last queen of the islands in a beautiful Zen-like paradise. But tsunamis in 1946 and 1960 twice destroyed this low seaside garden. Local lore claims that the gardens were rebuilt afterwards byJapaneseHawaiians in atonement for Pearl Harbor.
In the garden s eighteen acres, streams catch the salty neap tide, traversed by lovely half-moon bridges, and a seatingarea, reminiscentofJapanese tea gardens, overlooks the sea. Head towards Hilo Bay and cross a footbridge to tiny Coconut Island where locals fish for their evening meal and chat quietly with tourists about local
history. Then, stroll through the pagodas and stone lanterns along the meandering paths where you ll discover a Sumo wrestling ring and Okinawan dragon boats.
Queen Lili 'uokalani Gardens combines both Hawaiian and oriental plantings but maintains a strong atmosphere of the traditional tea garden. Ponds, gardens and bonsai trees make up the serene landscape, a perfect setting for quiet walks, jogging or believe it or not lacrosse, which I saw played by a transplanted Canadian family one Sunday afternoon!
Although the banyan trees along the wide drive are kept neatly trimmed, those in the gardens grow naturally. Because Hilo claims to be the rainiest city in the United States, the gardens produce lush, green tropical growth. Unusual features such as natural lava formations appear throughout, and at one point I spotted a Ficus epiphyte attached to an ironwood tree.
If you have visited Hawaii and embraced the friendly and relaxed hospitality of its generous and gentle people, you will understand how significant this touch ofparadise is to them and to all who wander through Lili'uokalani Gardens.
Keep in mind the aloha adage: once you have visited, you will return. I look forward to revisiting this garden and its spiritual sanctuary.®
Gwen Rattle, a TBGmemberand library volunteer who loves gardens, loves to travel.
CATCH A GLIMPSE ONLINE
For a look at the Queen Lili uokalani Gardens, visit these Web sites: Let s Go Hawaii www.letsgo-hawaii.com/liliuokalani Go Hawaii gohawaii.about.com/od/bigisland/ss/hilo_attraction_6.htm ENTRY IS FREE, ANDTHE GARDENS ARE OPEN 24 HOURS.
FLORAL DESIGNS IN THE GARDENS
Milne House, says Pat Ware, was privileged to host a day offloral photography withJudith Blacklock
n November 27, 2006, Milne House 0 Garden Club held a flower design photo shoot, a Christmas tea and a book signing with Judith Blacklock at the Toronto Botanical Gardens. Judith is editor of The FlowerArranger, the official magazine ofthe National Association of Flower Arrangement Societies ofBritain.
These events were a part of a tour sponsored by the British Tourist Board to promote Judith s latest book, The Judith Blacklock Encyclopedia of Flower Design. In anticipation of the trip, Judith decided that her visit provided an excellent opportunity to explore floral design in Canada and she invited leading designers from southern Ontario to bring floral arrangements representing Canadian provinces to the shoot.
This idea expanded into a Christmas tea hosted by Milne House, whose designers brought inspirational, step-by-step designs for the more than 200 guests to photograph and to enjoy. These designs were photographed indoors during the tea for future publication in The FlowerArranger.
As it happened, the twenty-seventh was a beautiful day, and on her arrivalJudith immediately seized the opportunity to use the outdoors as an ideal setting for photography. She quickly assessed the grounds and had various designers place their arrangements outside, using sites such as the waterfall, the quarried rocks, the succulent garden with its grey block wall and the boulevard of grass and trees in the parking lot. She wanted the camera to capture both the designs and the surrounding landscape. As a visitor, Judith appreciated the variety and the cohesiveness of the TBG grounds for interpreting and reinforcing her vision of Canada.
For the shoot Judith worked closely with a professional photographer, assessing each design as it appeared both to the eye and the camera.
by PatWare -
As flower arrangers, we Milne House members appreciated Judith s attention to detail and her willingness to tweak a design until it reached perfection. Judith commented that floral photography was an art form that must capture the design immediately because designs are not timeless; nor can they be replicated because the flowers are living material.
During her talk, Judith mentioned how impressed she was with the level of creativity in the Canadian designs brought to the TBG for the day, and how their beauty was enhanced by the venue. Milne House Garden Club was privileged to host Judith Blacklock and to nurture the comradeship that flower arrangers around the world appreciate.
For further information regarding Milne House Garden Club, phone 416-449-3664. For details about The Flower Arranger, e-mail editor@judithblacklock.com.®
Pat Ware is vice-president of Milne House Garden Club.
PLANT SALE 2007|\EW DIREC ONS
In part I ofIl, Cathie Coxgives us a sneak preview ofthe choice plants available at thisyear s sale.
STARTING THIS YEAR, we are combining the perennials and annuals sales and focussing on plants that can be found in the TBG gardens or that are unusual, hard to find and recently introduced. We ve made this change in response to demands from our membership and because it more closely reflects our mission as a botanical garden.
The sale will offer annuals, perennials, alpines, dwarf evergreens and conifers, shrubs and roses. Here s a sneak preview of some of the plants that will be available.
Show Garden Shrubs
In the Show Garden, we planted many new introductions, including the compact Weigela florida My Monet Verweig . With its cream, pink and green foliage and bright pink flowers, it s a perfect choice for small sunny gardens. This was also the year of the hydrangea. We grewHydrangea paniculata Little Lamb , a compact shrub with showy white flowers that, according to the growers, resemble little lambs dancing over the foliage as well as H.p. Pinky Winky with its extra large, 30- to 45-centimetre (12- to 18-inch) long, creamy pink flowers that age to dark pink and that bloom on strong sturdy stems. The foliage of Coppertina ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius Mindia ) emerges coppery orange and develops a rich red hue and pinky white flowers in summer.
The bamboos were also popular. Non-invasive Fargesia is a good choice for the space-challenged garden. E rufa Green Panda grows to a maximum height of under two metres (6.5 feet), is hardy to Zone 5 and grows in sun or shade.
Coming Up Roses
A selection of roses will be available at the sale, including the one in our gardens that s most
asked about, Rosa Bubbles Frybubbly . This hardy groundcover rose grows in the Terrace Garden and has glossy disease-resistant foliage and satin pink flowers. The Carefree Series of hardy shrub roses, which feature semi-double flowers that bloom all summer, will also be available. Mary Rose, a David Austin rose (R. Ausmary ) that repeats well and has a compact growth habit, will be for sale, as will a selection of new Austin roses. Many are fragrant, more tolerant of shade and, with winter protection, survive well in Toronto.
Sexy Sedums
Sedums were stars in most parts of the TBG gardens this year. Once established, they are among the best drought-tolerant plants. The sale will feature the blackish burgundy Sedum Xenox andS. Picolette , S. Mr. Goodbud with its huge pink flowers, S. Green Expectations with its yellowy green flowers and S. Strawberries and Cream with its pinkish red and cream flowers and pale purple stems and foliage. The latter was a star performer during this extremely hot year.
Captivating Conifers
Dwarf and unusual evergreens and conifers grown in the Show Garden will be featured. The emphasis will be on slow-growing, compact evergreens suitable for smaller gardens, troughs and even bonsai techniques. These include Japanese umbrella pine (Sciadopitys verticillata), the fine-leafed daintyjuniper (Juniperus communis
Photos: Austin Roses Terranova Nurseries
Sedum Mr. Goodbud
Green Carpet ) and many false cypress cultivars, such as the variegated dwarf form Chamaecyparis obtusa Chimaani-hiba and the densely conical C.o. Tempelhof .
Notable Native Plants
We will have a considerable selection of native plants at the sale, both woodlanders and sun-lovers, including trilliums, merry bells (Uvularia spp.), foamflowers (Tiarella spp.), wild ginger (Asarum canadense), May apple* (Podophyllum spp. and cvs.) and Virginia bluebells (Mertensia virginica).
Although we will endeavour to have as many of these choice plants as possible, they are subject to availability and many will be on sale in limited quantities only. A partial list of sale plants is available at www.torontobotanicalgarden.ca.
Sneak Preview Part II: read about Oudolf Favourites, Fabulous Ferns, Colourful Container
Tuesday, May 8, t : 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. i Members discount, purchases over $10 | Master Gardeners & will be available for : Members Preview' i Monday, May 7, 7 to 9 i Includes lecture on the Plants and more! All in the May/June issue of ' ;
Trellis, mailed to members startingApril 14.
Tree CalendarContest Winners
Toronto residentsVivian Pitcher and Emily Fulton are the winners in theToronto Tree Calendar Contest, announced in the November/December issue of Trellis.They will receive a tree calendar as a prize for correctly identifying the mystery tree as a crack willow (Salix fragilis) growing on Ward s Island.
SPRING CLEAN-UP CHECKLIST
The Toronto Master Gardeners showyou how to get thejump on springgardening chores.
SPRING CLEAN UP
is an annual event in the garden. It can begin as soon as the soil can be worked and the lawn is dry enough to walk on. This fact sheet lists many of the activities related to cleaning garden beds and sprucing up the lawn. Gardening in the spring can be very pleasurable. However, it is recommended that you not attempt to complete all of this work in one day!
®(Cleaning garden beds
Clean beds by removing clumps of leaves and other debris by hand. Be careful not to damage new sprouts. However, leaf mulch may be left on the beds as it will add organic matter to the soil as it decomposes.
ANNUALS AND PERENNIALS
e Compost what is left of last year s annuals.
¢ Remove what s left of last year s top growth and a seed heads from perennials.
o If a plant is diseased (e.g., powdery mildew), do not add to compost.
e Replant perennials that have been heaved out of the soil exposing their roots (e.g., Heuchera or coral bells).
e Consider whether any mature perennials need dividing (see Dividing Perennials fact sheet online at www.factsheets.torontomastergardeners.ca).
e Cut back ornamental grasses in early spring as new growth appears.
WOODY PLANTS
e Prune shrubs to remove dead, diseased and crossed branches.
e [f a shrub flowers early in the spring, prune after bloom. If it flowers late in the season, prune early in spring.
¢ To rejuvenate a mature or old shrub remove a third of the oldest stems from the base of the plant every year for three years. This will allow sunlight into the middle of the plant and encourage new growth. Do not remove more than a third of the stems each year.
e To shape a shrub, cut the longest, awkward stems back to an outward-facing bud.
WEEDING
e Many weeds can be controlled during spring clean up. They are easier to pull out when young and the soil is moist. Look for the ones that were bothersome last year.
e Take care not to remove volunteers of desirable plants. Edit out or move those found in the wrong place.
e To minimize the spread of weeds, mulch open soil areas with a 5-to-8 centimetre (2- to-3 inch) thickness of such materials as compost, shredded leaves, fine bark chips or straw.
SOIL IMPROVEMENT
e Add organic materials such as compost, shredded or composted leaves or well-rotted manure around perennials.
e Add slow-release nutrients such as bone meal and blood meal or granular fertilizers, scratching them into the surface of the soil.
¢ Soil from last year s pots and planters can also be used to top-dress beds.
®Sprucing up the lawn
e Consider lowering your expectations for maintaining a perfect lawn (see Organic Gardening fact sheets online at www.factsheets.torontomastergardeners.ca).
¢ Rake to remove thatch, leaves and other debris.
e If you missed seeding last September, spring is the second-best time to seed. Top-dress with compost or purchased soil such as a triple mix (loam, peat and well-rotted manure). Keep newly seeded areas moist.
e Re-cut the edges of the garden beds. A clean edge improves the overall appearance of your lawn. Create ditch edges or a mowing strip edge (brick or stone laid level in sand) to hold the mower wheel as you cut along the edge.
e Fertilize with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer: nitrogen (N) stimulates lush green growth of
leaves and new shoots and promotes dark green colour; phosphorus (P) promotes development of a strong healthy root system; potassium (K) aids in the overall strength of roots and improves resistance to disease.
e Cut grass high (at least six centimetres or 2.5 inches), leave clippings on, water less frequently but deeply (2.5 centimetres or one inch of water per week) and pull weeds as they appear.
Hand trim grass around trees and along garden bed edges. Consider replacing grass around trees with a groundcover.
® Allow grass to go dormant in hot dry weather. It will recover when moist conditions return.
®QOther considerations
® Observe the microclimates in your garden or lawn area. Which areas are damp and the last to thaw? Which are in full sun, partial shade or full shade. Are there areas that retain moisture throughout the growing season?
e Select new plants for specific growing conditions.
¢ Consider movingplants to more suitable locations.
¢ Consider which plants will need staking and put support in place early.
¢ Checkyour tools. Clean, repair or replace them as needed. Clean and sharpen the lawn mower.@
Fact sheets are produced by the Toronto Master Gardeners and are available online at www.factsheets.torontomastergardeners.ca.
Master Gardeners at Canada Blooms I
Bring your gardening and houseplant questions to Canada Blooms, March 7-11, Metro Toronto Convention Centre, South Building. Master Gardeners will provide advice in two locations: next to the TBG shop on the 700 Level and in the Master Gardeners of Ontario advice clinic on the main show floor.
While you're there, take in the Master Gardenertalks on low-maintenance gardening, daily at 3:30 pm.on g the Gardeners Fare/Green Matters Stage, 700 LevelJ
LTuesd May 8 through Friday May 11, 2007 10am.to 6'p.m.
by Anna Leggatt
Cercis canadensis redbud
AFTER OUR COLD, dull winters, we need something cheerful to look at. The redbud (Cercis) serves the purpose beautifully. It looks like any dormant tree until mid- to late April when it s suddenly covered with clusters of small pink flowers, improbably sprouting from buds on branches and even from narrow trunks.
The eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) is a member of the pea family and is native to the eastern and south-central United States. Thus, the species title is a bit of a misnomer as it was found growing in the wild in Canada only on Pelee Island where it has since died out.
Redbuds grow to about eight metres (26 feet) and have a rounded crown. Some have multiple trunks that give them a shrub-like form. The bark is a dark reddish-brown which often cracks with age to reveal a narrow streak of dark orange inner bark. The medium green leaves are simple and heart-shaped and turn mid-yellow in the fall.
The typically pea-like flowers measure about one centimetre (half an inch) long and bloom before leaves appear. The buds are purple-pink, opening to bright pink with a hint of purple, and grow in tight clusters of four to eight. Generally, only a few appear on second-year wood while older branches and young trunks are covered in flowers. The unattractive brown fruit is about five
IRRESISTIBLE REDBUDS
The mother g plant of C. c. é LavenderTwis § Covey is & 30 years old. 2
to seven centimetres (two to three inches) long and luckily doesn t show until the leaves drop.
Redbuds grow in sun or light shade, and are good trees for the edges of woodland gardens. They are not fussy about soil, though they will not thrive in very wet conditions. I have also noticed that the crowns shade out the lower branches, killing them and making it a nuisance to clear up the clutter.
Some authorities say that redbuds are not hardy north of Toronto, but I believe it depends on the parent. If it was found high in the Blue Ridge Mountains ofVirginia, its offspring should do well in southern Ontario; a plant hailing from lower regions north of Washington, D.C., will not be as tough. I also suspect that young trees with stems less than two centimetres (about an inch) thick need a long cool fall to ripen the wood; otherwise they may be killed by a rapid onset ofwinter.®
Anna Leggatt is a Master Gardener and tireless TBG volunteer.
CULTIVAR FLOWER COLOUR FOLIAGE GROWINGTIPS
Cercis canadensis Alba white green flowers show off against dark backgrounds
C. c. Forest Pansy pink purple reliably hardy only to -23°C (-10°F); when planting, the larger the plant, the better its chances ofwinter survival
C. c. Silver Cloud pink green, splashed produces colourful new leaves all summer; with white protect with discarded Christmas trees over winter
C. c. Lavender Twist Covey pink green beautiful weeping form; if buying a grafted plant, select one at the desired height as it won t grow higher (unless staked)
C. c. Hearts of Gold pink bright yellow-green colourful leaves add interest all summer fading to chartreuse later in the season
Wychwood Park & Davenport Ridge
One Day Pass: Public $40 / TBG Members $35 (tickets are limited, advance purchase recommended)
Headquarters located at Spadina House,285 Spadina Road
Tickets on sale March 19,2007 at shopTBG and online at torontobotanicalgarden.ca
416-397-1340 info@torontobotanicalgarden.ca
Saturday, June 16 & Sunday, June 17, 2007
1M a.m.to 4 p.m.
X Expert advice from the Master Gardeners |
Q@ 1 have elm trees at the bottom of my garden. They were planted by the city, but I think they are Chinese elms (Ulmus parviolia) (the kind that can be trimmed to hedge height). What can I plant underneath them? Nothing seems to grow very successfully.
A Planting under trees is often difficult because of the combination of shade and root competition. The tree roots take a disproportionate share of the water and nutrients that are available, leaving less for other plants. However, a number of plants are worth trying in this type of area. In general, look for ones that are shade- and drought-tolerant and are relatively vigorous growers. Within these constraints, some of the following suggestions might work in your situation.
1. Groundcovers such as perennial periwinkle (Vinca minor), English ivies such as Hedera helix Baltica and Glacier and bugleweed (Ajuga spp. and cvs.).
2. Other perennials, including hostas and ferns, which are tolerant of dry conditions. [For a list, consult the Master Gardenerfactsheets, Hardy Ferns for Shade Conditions and Drought Tolerant Perennials at www.factsheets.torontomastergardeners.ca.)
3. Shrubs such as dogwood (Cornus alba and C. sanguinea) and their cultivars, many of which have bright red branches for winter interest and variegated leaves; Japanese kerria (Kerria japonica) with its attractive yellow flowers (either single or double) that bloom in the early spring and attractive green stems for winter interest; some of the more shade-tolerant viburnums, including V. dentatum and V. x burkwoodii.
Illustrations: Vivien Jenkinson
When planting any of these, dig the planting holes between the tree roots to avoid damaging the trees. Water the new plants regularly (deeply and frequently). The trees themselves and anything growing under them, need between 2.5 and four centimetres (one to 1.5 inches) of water weekly during the growing season, either from rain or from your hose. It s also important to mulch to help retain moisture in the ground. The use of fertilizers that can be sprayed onto the plants leaves may also give them a boost in their competition for nutrients with the tree roots.
Q 1 have a flowering maple (Abutilon) that I was able to get through the winter but since I have put it back outside it has lost all but two leaves. How can I get it to revive? Should I cut it back? Should I repot it?
2 E
Hostas, ferns and periwinkle will grow under trees
A You may have put it outside a bit too ?k\ early. The cold nights (and some days) we experience in the
Abutilon grows at a early spring would Minimum temperature not have suited it. of 10°C (50°F)
Abutilon is a tender shrub that prefers warm temperatures. When moved, it tends to drop its leaves and grow new ones suited to its new environment. So your plant should respond on its own. Once new leaves appear, fertilize the plant monthly from April to October, alternating between a 20-20-20 and a 15-30-15 liquid fertilizer, applied at half strength. Generally, if the plant s roots have filled the pot it s growing in, repot it in the spring to one just slightly larger. These plants do become bushier when cut back; however, such drastic action is not necessary to prompt re-growth of its leaves.
Do you have a question about gardening? Contact the Toronto Master Gardeners Info Line at 416-397-1345 or log on to www.questions.torontomastergardeners.ca and Ask a Master Gardener!
Educational Partnerships Have Much to Offer
IN 2006 THE TBG established several continuing partnerships with a variety of institutions including George Brown City College, Ryerson University, Toronto s WaterSaver Program and the Neighbourhood Beautification Program, part of the city s Clean and Beautiful City campaign.
This spring, we've lined up some exciting courses with George Brown, Ryerson and Toronto Water. Here s a sampling.
TBG AT GEORGE BROWN CITY COLLEGE
A lively series of horticulture courses takes place at the St. James campus on King Street East. From April 10 to May 15, Master Gardener Margaret Nevett will teach Edible Gardening in the City, a six-week course on the fundamentals of growing and harvesting vegetables, herbs, edible flowers and fruits. To register call 416-415-5000 x2092.
RYERSON AT THE TBG
Ryerson is reaching beyond its downtown campus to offer selected Certified Landscape Design courses here at the TBG through the G. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education. Over the winter, Ryerson offered CKLA 707 Graphics: Fundamentals, a 14-week course on Wednesday evenings. This spring, Plant Materials I will be offered on Tuesdays and Thursdays from May 1 through June 7, 6:30 to 9:30 p.m. there s still time to register at ce-online.ryerson.ca/ce/default.asp.
For former Ryerson student Dr. Karen Atkin, the Landscape Design Certificate Program proved so successful that she applied her newfound knowledge to a local competition and won! A community group which included the publisher of Post City Magazines rescued from
redevelopment a 360-square-metre former TTC bus loop located at Avenue Road and Otter Crescent and a competition was set up to invite ideas for revitalizing the space with an engaging landscape design on the theme of Heart Park. Dr. Atkin s entry won over 19 others.
TORONTO WATERSAVER PROGRAM
Our partnership with the Toronto WaterSaver Program is proving very popular. Last September more than 100 people attended the free programs offered at the TBG by the City of Toronto, and Toronto Water is returning to offer five workshops on Thursday evenings throughout the month of May. These free programs, presented bygardening personalityCharlie Dobbin, aim to help residents use water more efficiently by gardening with low-maintenance and drought-tolerant plants. Topics include garden design, transforming lawns into garden beds, growing trees and shrubs, shade gardening and achieving a succession of seasonal bloom. To register, call 416-392-7000.
NEIGHBOURHOOD BEAUTIFICATION PROGRAM
A part of the city s Clean and Beautiful City campaign, this informative course was first offered at the TBG in October with Lorraine Johnson and city staffmembers who gavea lively talk on how to create low-maintenance and sustainable gardens for abandoned and underused areas of the city. We hope to offer a garden tour of these projects this summer.
We hope to continue to partner with the city to offer informative courses on how to beautify your neighbourhood. See the Summer program guide for more information.®
WE
by Leanne Hindmarch ¢ Librarian
Changing technology
VE MADE A BIG CHANGE!
We are now checking your books in and out via the computer. That s right the library is taking its final step to full participation in the Information Age.
e WHAT S GOOD ABOUT THIS FOR YOU?
We can tell you how many books you ve checked out, and when they are due, giving you more information, faster.
When you can t find a book on the shelf, we can tell you if another patron has checked it out, and when it s due.
We can now e-mail an overdue notice to you. If you did not provide us with an e-mail address when you became a member, take a minute to
Web site REVIEW
Evergreen www.evergreen.ca
EVERGREEN S MISSION is to bring communities and nature together for the benefit of both . Its Web site tempts visitors to get involved by offering a variety of free on-line publications and information packages, a database of existing projects and an on-line discussion forum.
In the Home Grounds section don t miss the Native Plant Database which allows you to search for plants native to your area. You can narrow your search by specifying a variety of characteristics such as habitat, size, growing conditions and flower or fruit colour. If you're thinking of getting involved beyond your own garden, the Common Grounds section is the place for you. Under Our Resources , you'll find everything you need to start a project in your own community just in time for Earth Day! Or, browse the Project Registry for an existing venture in your area.
Reviewed by Leanne Hindmarch
call or e-mail us and update your information so you can participate in this great new feature.
e WHAT DO WE ASK IN RETURN?
Just your patience. There are over 25 library volunteers working hard to learn a brand new computer system please be patient if things take a little longer or if glitches are experienced for the first little while.
We appreciate your feedback. Come by and visit, and let us know what you think of our new system. Or contact us by phone (416-397-1343) or e-mail (library@torontobotanicalgarden.ca).
Book REVIEW
The
Plant
Doctor: A Practical Guide to Having a Healthy Garden
By
Sonia Day
Toronto: Key Porter Books, 2006; 144 pages, $19.95 paper
THE PLANT DOCTOR is a complete resource for gardening novices or experienced green thumbs. It contains practical advice on how to choose plants and what types of fertilizers to use. Other topics covered include how to combat common garden pests, the pros and cons ofvarious pesticides, how to improve soil, getting rid of weeds, keeping plants healthy and much more. Author Sonia Day is a Master Gardener and wellknown gardenwriterboth as a newspapercolumnist for the Toronto Star and as author of gardening books, including 7ulips and The Urban Gardener. Reviewed byMadge Bruce
SONIA DAY
SPEAKER: Lisa Rappaport
Edwards Lectures 2007
Toric: Plant Architecture and Design
WHEN: Tuesday, March 27, 7:30 p.m.
WHERE: Floral Hall
IF YOU VE ADMIRED the gardens displayed at the International Garden Festival at Quebec s Reford Gardens/Les Jardins de Métis, you can t miss landscape architect Lisa Rappaport s talk on the best and newest in garden design. Lisa has been a member ofthe Reford selection committee, judging award-winning international designs. PLANT s work explores where landscape, built form and design intersect highlighting the interconnectedness of architecture and landscape. Lisa will discuss the firm s process-based methods for creating small gardens, parks and public civic spaces, including the recently won competition for Stratford s Market Square.
Lisa Rappaport is a partner at PLANT Architect, an interdisciplinary firm that branches into the domains of architecture, landscape, ecology, furniture, art and graphic design. The firm has been the recipient of numerous awards and is known for its contemporary installations and exhibitions in Canada, notably at Les Jardins de Métis, as well as abroad. Lisa is a well-known author and speaker who lectures at various universities and colleges about her unique approach to design and the environment.
Free to TBG members, public $15 Door sales only; limited seating.
SPEAKER: Wilf Nicholls
Toric: More Than Just a Pretty Place
WHEN: Wednesday, April 25, 7:30 p.m. following the AGM
WHERE: Floral Hall
Botanical gardens can be many things to many people: beauty, tranquillity, inspiration, education the list goes on. And while botanical gardens strive to create an atmosphere of peaceful enjoyment for their visitors, there are, behind the scenes, myriad opportunities and knowledge gaps that botanical gardens can seek to fill. WilfNicholls will describe a number of research projects underway at the Memorial University of Newfoundland Botanical Garden in St. John s, including the development of new and underused ornamentals for the nursery trade, the development of native rosehips as a new medicinal crop, the off-site conservation of Newfoundland s rarest plant species, the use of native plants in the rehabilitation of disturbed habitat and a monitoring/awareness program for invasive plant species.
Dr. Wilf Nicholls has been the director of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Botanical Garden since 1997 and has also worked for the University ofBritish Columbia Botanical Garden. His studies include research and development of new and underused ornamental plants for the horticulture industry. He is the breeder of the Mandarin honeysuckle, a frequent speaker to industry and garden clubs, a former newspaper columnist and grapevine contributor on CBC-TV s Canadian Gardener and recently a host of NTV s Homegrown.
Free to TBG members, public $15
Door sales only; limited seating.
%//@ //WLL &Z?; &
IV Enjoy the Gardener's Dream Marketplace
Thousands ofGarden & Outdoor products from Plants, Bulbs and Tools to Decorative Accessories and more!
IV Explore Tropical Rainforest
Paradise Gardens
Tour Beautifully Landscaped Feature Gardens!
W Experience the Pleasure
ofPerfect Plants & Flowers in the Ontario Horticultural Association's Floral Design & Plant Show Competition!
Help Kid's Grow
In the Children s spmsoreén:}@Prampton Make-It & Take-It Garden!
FREE Seminars= -Learn from GARDEN EXPERTS at the "Helping You Grow" Theatre! E.. Starring: =CFRB s Mark Cullen <AM740 s Art Drysdale
Sponsored by:
HGTV s Denis Flanagan = BTV s Frank Ferragine = Marjorie Mason = Liz Primeau .. And More!
March 15 - 18
ShowHours: Thurs, Fri & Sat:10:00AM-9:00PM 10:00Sunday:AM-6:00PM
Botanical Garden|
MARCH
3
TorontoJudging Centre ofthe American Orchid Society
Judging, Studio 1, 1 p.m.
Open to the public.; information: www.soos.ca
4
Southern Ontario Orchid Society
Meeting, Floral Hall, 12:30 p.m. to 4 p.m.
Information: www.so0s.ca
Ontario Rock Garden Society
Speaker: Andrew Osyany
Topic: Klutz-Grown Great Alpines
Floral Hall, noon
Information: www.onrockgarden.com
12
Toronto Bonsai Society
Meeting, Garden Hall, 7 p.m.
Information: www.torontobonsai.org
13
North Toronto Horticultural Society
Speaker: Ashok Grover
Topic: How to Photograph a Garden
Studios 1, 2, 3, 8 p.m.
Information: 416-488-3368
18
Canadian Rose Society
Annual general meeting: Garden Hall, noon
Information: www.canadianrosesociety.org
19
Mycological Society of Toronto Meeting, Garden Hall, 7:45 p.m.
Information: www.myctor.org
20
Toronto Cactus & Succulent Club
Meeting, Studio 1, 7 p.m.
Information: torontocactus.tripod.com
22
Canadian Chrysanthemum & Dahlia Society
Meeting, Studio 1, 7 p.m.
Information: www.mumsanddahlias.com
Toronto Region Rhododendron & Horticultural Society
Meeting, Studio 3, noon
Information: onrhodos.com
27
Edwards Lecture
Speaker: Lisa Rappaport
Topic: Plant Architecture and Design
Floral Hall, 7:30 p.m.
Public $15; free to TBG members.
Limited seating. Door sales only.
APRIL
1
Southern Ontario Orchid Society
Meeting, Floral Hall, 12:30 p.m.
Information: www.soos.ca
7
TorontoJudging Centre ofthe American Orchid Society
Judging, Studio 1, 1 p.m.
Open to the public.
Information: www.soos.ca
9
Toronto Bonsai Society
Meeting & workshop; Garden Hall, 7 p.m.
Information: www.torontobonsai.org
13
North Toronto Horticultural Society
Speakers: Joe & Hazel Cook
Topic: Delightful Delphiniums
Studios 1, 2, 3, 8 p.m.
Information: 416-488-3368
Ontario Rock Garden Society
Speaker: Marion Jarvie
Topic: South Africa Revisited Plant sale
Garden Hall, noon
Information: www.onrockgarden.com
Canadian Rose Society Meeting, Studio 3, 2 p.m.
Information: www.canadianrosesociety.org
17
Toronto Cactus & Succulent Club Meeting, Studio 1, 7 p.m.
Information: torontocactus.tripod.com
22
Toronto African Violet Society Show & sale
Floral Hall, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Information: www.geocities.com/tavsca/tavs.html
Geranium, Pelargonium & Fuchsia Society Meeting, Garden Hall, noon Information: 416-462-3729
Greater Toronto Water Garden & Horticultural Society Meeting, Studio 1, noon
Information: www.onwatergarden.com
23
Mycological Society of Toronto Meeting, Garden Hall, 7:45 p.m.
Information: www.myctor.org
25
Edwards Lecture & Annual General Meeting
Speaker: Wilf Nicholls
Topic: More Than Just a Pretty Place
Floral Hall, AGM, 7 p.m.; lecture, 7:30 p.m. Free to TBG members; public $15.
Limited seating. Door sales only.
Canadian Chrysanthemum & Dahlia Society Meeting, Studio 1, 7 p.m.
Information: www.mumsanddahlias.com
28
Toronto Region Rhododendron & Horticultural Society
Plant sale
Floral Hall, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Information: onrhodos.com
29
Ikebana - Toronto Ohara Chapter Show & sale
Garden Hall, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Sogetsu Ikebana
Meeting, Studio 3, 10 a.m.
Information: highpark35@rogers.com
29-30
Toronto Bonsai Society
Special workshop Floral Hall, 7 p.m.
Information: www.torontobonsai.org
IN & AROUND TORONTO MARCH
1-4
STRATFORD GARDEN FESTIVAL
Stratford Coliseum, Stratford Information: www.stratfordgardenfestival.com
7-11
CANADA BLooMs, THE TORONTO FLOWER & GARDEN SHOW
Metro Convention Centre, South Building Information & tickets: www.canadablooms.com
15-18
SUCCESSFUL GARDENING SHOW
International Centre, Toronto Information: www.successfulgardeningshow.com
APRIL 13-15
FOR THE LOVE OF GARDENING
Evinrude Centre, Peterborough Information: www.fortheloveofgardening.ca
SCHEDULES CAN CHANGE AFTER PRESS TIME BE SURE TO CHECK AHEAD. |
CLASSIFIED ADS
Milne House Garden Club 7th Annual Legacy Event Per Benjamin floral designer from Sweden. Tuesday, May 1, 12:15 p.m. Floral Demonstration -
Garden Adventure Tours with Frank Kershaw Magnificent Gardens & Mansions of the Lower St. Lawrence & Finger Lakes Area with Horticulturalist Frank Kershaw. May 28 June 1, 2007. The area of lower St. Lawrence River around Gananoque and Finger Lakes region of New York State, have all the elements for a great garden excursion wonderful scenery, hospitality, fine homes, great food and fabulous gardens. This area will be the focus ofourfour night/five day garden tour. Almost all of the gardens are in private ownership and several of the homes are of National
$25 per person.; Wednesday, May 2, 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Workshop $75p.p. (plus cost of materials) including lunch. Tickets (416) 292-4661
Historic significance. A number of the properties also have direct river or lake access, which imparts special appeal. All in all this magnificent tour with Frank Kershaw promises to be a special one with memories to last a lifetime! $1,259.00 pp twin CAN funds.
Speaker Luncheon Exquisite Horticulture Tours Presentation 2007 with Frank Kershaw Saturday, February 24, 2007. Exciting day tours also offered. Call for brochure. Toronto s Motorcoach Tour Specialist, Mary Morton Tours, (416) 488-2674, Marymortontours1@aol.com, Reg # 04488722.