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ealland Cullen NURSERY
GARDEN CENTRES
INTERNATIONAL 82
by Bill Crowley
The major horticultural event to be held in Canada in 1982 is the Canadian Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Society's show, International '82.
It will take place Saturday and Sunday, September 25 and 26 at The Civic Garden Centre, Edwards Gardens.
The show is attracting a large contingent of exhibitors from England, Scotland, Wales, the United States and, for the first time, from the east to west coasts of Canada.
The 1ist of visitors includes the Chairmen of the National Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Societies of both Great Britain and the United States, senior judges from both the National Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Societies of the United Kingdom. Another well known guest is Derek Bircumshaw, vice president of the National Chrysanthemum Society and chrysanthemum writer for England's Garden News.
Because the show is attracting so many outstanding horticulturists, the Canadian Chrysanthemum Society has added an educational program to the show.
Lectures on mums, dahlias and decoratives will be featured during each afternoon of the show.
On Monday, September 27, two feature lectures on judging mums and dahlias will be held at the Civic Garden Centre. These lectures are open to the horticultural public but advance registration at a cost of $2.00 is requirad.
A symposium on the culture and decorative use of mums and dahlias will be held on Tuesday, September 28, at the Ramada Inn. This symposium is also open to the public through advance registration at a cost of $5.00.
To register for both the judging lecture and the symposium, please contact:
Mr. Jack Adams, 694 Mortimer Ave. Toronto, Ontario M4C 2K2 Telephone: (416) 425-7205
Bill Crowley is a Director of the Canadian Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Society and Chairman of the International Committee.
COMING EVENTS
September and October
AUTUMN CORNUCOPIA
A lavish show and sale of plants, dried flowers, handmade crafts and festive decorations.
There will be first quality plants and bulbs for sale, craft demonstrations, decorat1ng ideas for special occas1ons and themak1ngs for sale. .
Come and hear experts answer your gardening questions. Tom Thompson, Executive Director of the Civic Garden Centre, heads the list of noted horticulturists.
Snack bar service and musicians.
Friday, October 15 11.00 a.m. to 9.00 p.m.
Saturday, October 16 10.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.
Sunday, October 17 noon to 6.00 p.m.
Admission: $1.00. more, call 445-1552. To learn
In the Gallery/September Willowdale Group of Artists
continued page 2
CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE FOR THE NOVICE
by Roy Fox
Exhibition chrysanthemums are not generally recognized until they are seen in full bloom on the show bench. It is at the show hall that one really appreciates these superb blooms. Few people realize that they can also grow these flowers right in their own back gardens.
April is a good month in which to commence preparing the soil for planting. Leave the soil to settle down until one week before planting out (about the end of May); then apply four ounces of 7.7.7 fertilizer per square yard and rake in evenly.
Planting is done after the risk of frost is past. A cane should be firmly set in beside the plant to which it is then Toosely tied in order to prevent wind damage. Each one is watered in if the ground is on the dry side.
Careful attention must be taken to keep insects at bay.
The normal flowering time for these plants is from mid-September to frost, coming into full flower when all other flowers have finished blooming.
Exhibition chrysanthemum plants are grown each year by members of the Canadian Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Society for sale to the public at the Society's spring sale at the Civic Garden Centre.
Roy Fox 1is Secretary of the Canadian Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Society and a member of the International Committee.
COMING EVENTS
continued from page 1
September 11 18,19
INTERNATIONAL 82
Saturday, September 25: Sunday, September 26:
Tom Thompson, Executive Director of the Civic Garden Centre will officially open the Show at 2.00 p.m. Saturday.
ADMISSION: $3.00
Tickets available from the Civic Garden Centre or at the door.
Foreign Bird Society Show. Saturday 2.00 - 6.00 p.m. Sunday 9.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m.
York Rose Show 1.00 - 4.00 p.m.
Mycological Society of Toronto Fungi Fair noon - 10.00 p.m.
25,26 Junior Garden Club Show 1.00 - 4.00 p.m.
International '82 Canadian Chrysanthemum & Dahlia Society Show. Saturday 2.00 - 6.00 p.m. Sunday 10.00 a.m. - 4.00 p.m.
In the Gallery/October Paintings by Stewart Craven
In the Studios/October Paintings by Bernice Harper
October 10
116 565 17
22 30,31
Joint Open House: Toronto Gesneriad Society and the Civic Garden Centre. Show, sale, refreshments. Marty Mines, Greater New York Gesneriad Society speaks on tissue culture. Al1l welcome. 1.004.00 p.m.
Autumn Cornucopia (See page 1)
Rhododendron Society of Canada, Toronto region. A1l welcome. 8.00 p.m. (See page 6)
Canadian Chrysanthemum & Dahlia Society Late Show. Saturday 2.00 - 5.00 p.m. Sunday 10.00 a.m.4.00 p.m.
Courses starting in this period are Tisted below. Please refer to the July Trerrzs for details.
continued from page 2
September 14 Japanese Flower Arranging for beginners.
September 15
Basic Flower Arranging
20 Chinese Brush Painting
20 Needlepoint for beginners
27 Botanical Art
30 Birdwatching in fall
October 1 Rug Hooking
5 Intermediate Japanese Flower Arranging
18 Dried Flower workshop
23 House Plant care
25 Pine Cone craft workshop
General Information
Volume 9, Number 5
ISSN 0380-1470
Executive Director: Tom Thompson
Editor: Fredrik Kirby
Aduvertising: Shirley Kirby (416) 226-0996
Graphics and Printing Thorn Press Limited, Toronto
Trellis is published in the months of January, March, May, July, September, and November and distributed on or about the 15th of the month previous by the Civic Garden Centre, 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Don Mills, Ontario M3C 1P2. Telephone: (416) 445-1552. The Centre is located in Edwards Gardens, at Leslie Street and Lawrence Avenue East, the geographical centre of Metropolitan Toronto. It is a non-profit gardening and floral arts information organization with open membership. Subscriptions to Trellis are only available through Centre membership. Opinions expressed within do not necessarily reflect those of the Centre.
GROWING DAHLIAS FOR EXHIBITION
PLEASURE
by Karl Wimmi
Since their introduction from Mexico some 400 years ago, dahlias have truly reached international status. Dahlia plants are found almost in all parts of the world, where ever there are gardens.
The reason for this popularity is most Tikely because they are so easy to cultivate and they give such great satisfaction for very little effort. Without doubt, in the last century, some of the finest cultivars of dahlias have been produced by skillful raisers in countries like Britain, Holland, Germany, U.S.A., New Zealand and Japan.
The cultivation of Dahlias
Dahlias may be grown in almost any ordinary garden soil and require an abundance of 1ight and sun.
Planting should begin when all danger of frost is past. It is
extremely important to place a supporting stake in position at planting time, thus avoiding the risk of damaging the tubers.
During the growing season, a light hoeing should be done to keep the soil open and eliminate the weeds. Hoeing should be stopped by late July because the very fine feeder roots will be very close to the surface of the soil. A Tight mulch at this time will benefit the plants. It is important to keep the spraying and tying program going, and now is the time to keen an eye open for the usual pests which will invade your dahlia garden. The dahlia is a heavy feeder and also 1likes warmth and moisture. One thorough soaking is far better than several light sprinklings.
As the plants reach the flowering continued page 4
CIVIC GARDEN CENTRE HOURS
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continued from page 3
stage, more water will be required than earlier in the season. At the beginning of August, the first group of flower buds will appear at the tips of the laterals. This is the time for disbudding. By removing the two axillary buds and retaining the crown bud, Targer and better formed blooms will be produced on a more vigorous stem. To 1ift and store tubers
Dahlias will keep on flowering - s A until the first frost. After the Linda Adams, daughter of the well
An exhibit of three large reflex frost has blackened the plants, known Toronto dahlia expert, Jack chrysanthemums at the 1981 remove all top growth and 1ift Adams , displays a large decorative Canadian Chrysanthemum and Dahlia tubers with a fork. Label each dahlia. Show. clump as soon as it is lifted. Trim all damaged tubers and dust \A/}{INJ ES NEW?
A11 plants sharing the same Klimawith powdered sulphur. Gro unit must be compatible as to temperature, moisture and 1ight
Store tubers in boxes in a mixture requirements. While the manufacturer of one part soil, one part peat- Klima-Gro is a new-to-Canada indoor suggests plants particularly suited moss and one part sand. The ideal | growing unit. It provides optimum to Klima-Gro cultivation, enthusistoring temperature is 40' to 45'F | growing conditions whether in a astic gardens will develop favour- (4' to 6'C). Check tubers during house, apartment or office tower. ites according to special interests storage and discard any which have ... from orchids to succulents, to developed any mould or rot. Most plants require 12 to 14 hours growing indeterminate variety toof light daily plus the proper matoes 12 months a year or a yearKarl wimmi is Assistant Horti- amount of heat and moisture for maxi- round garden of exotic herbs and culturist, Department of Botany, mum growth and flowering. Nature spices. The University of Toronto, and an doesn't provide these ideal conactive member of the Canadian ditions for continuous growth cycles. See the display model at the Civic Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Society. Klima-Gro does -- all year long. Garden Centre.
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We care about your gardening home. Constructed of the highest quality materials, KLIMA-GRO problems. Come and see us will render years of service. The KLIMA-GRO has been tastefully appointed to complement any decor. (Custom cabinet designs and constructions are available upon request.)
at our unique Garden Centre and Greenhouses.
KLIMA-GRO is ideally suited for: growing from seed - plant sitter for vacations - plant hospital - flowering plants - foliage plants - herbsHWY 2 ( spices - vegetables - exotic plants - any indoor location regardless of -milei;' light, humidity, or temperature.
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KLIMA-GRO can be viewed upon entering the Civic Garden Centre (J or to get the full KLIMA-GRO story contact Mr. David Emmett at Nurseries Ltd. SPENCLEY OF CANADA 451-5200 683-5952
KLIMA-GRO is available exclusively through SPENCLEY OF CANADA. BROCK RD. N., PICKERING
Now isthetime
by Ernest Pope
August 15 to October 31
DUTCH BULBS FOR FORCING
Shipments from Holland start to arrive in Canada about mid-September and bulbs for forcing indoors should be planted as soon thereafter as possible to allow for the extended cool rooting period prior to blooming.
If planted before October 1, it is possible to have them bloom from January 15 onwards when they are most enjoyable. Hyacinths, narcissus and tulips require a minimum rooting spell in a cool dark place not over 50'F, 10'C, and not under 35'F, 3'C, as follows:
1 -
Hyacinths - 12 to 14 weeks
Narcissus - 14 to 16 weeks
Tulips - 14 to 16 weeks
This cool period can be in an outdoor trench, a cool fruit cellar, or an old refrigerator.. If you can't provide this lengthy rooting period with the above temperature conditions (and many can't) it would be better to buy a pot or from a commercial grower just as the buds start to break. P
The writer hasn't these facilities so he pots his purchases about September 15 and keeps them in a dark area in an unheated garage until December 1, watering every ten days. Then in a cool cupboard not over 50! ESN0TC¥for at Teast two weeks or until the shoots are approximately two inches in height. About the last week in December, start bringing the hyacinths to the light, either fluorescent 1lights or a bright window sill, for bloom about January 20.
Here is a 1ist that the writer has found outstanding:
Hyacinths
Red - Amsterdam. The earliest of all with probably the strongest spicy perfume of any variety.
Pink - Ann Mary. A lovely light pink and quite early.
Mauve - Amethyst. A violet mauve shade, an unusual and attractive colour.
Narcissus
Dutch Master. A large, shorter stemmed daffodil that should not require staking.
Early Harvest. A large prolific daffodil much superior to the old timer, King Alfred.
Ice Follies. A really lovely short, cupped daffodil. Creamy white perianth, yellow cup gradually turning white.
late blooming (March) and needs 16 weeks cool rooting.
There are two narcissus, February Gold and Cragford, that can be easily forced in pebbles and water providing they get the long cool rooting period. However, their popularity has made their cost prohibitive.
A1l the above varieties except Cragford can also be grown outdoors in the garden.
Paperwhite narcissus
The state of Israel has recently been growing and exporting these bulbs. They are outstanding and much superior to those received from northern France, formerly the chief source of supply. The flower clusters are larger with many more florets. They have more
Barrett Browning. A very striking stalks per bulb, the perfume is white perianth, large orange crown; superior and blooms last several early days longer. The height is about two inches higher and it is a Geranium. A real misnomer but the good idea to stake and tie with finest bunch-flowered narcissus with probably the strongest perfume of the entire family. Quite green string two days after they start to bloom.
continued page 6
GARDEN CENTRES
Where
Great Gardens
At your closest Sheridan ] And Sheridan's nursery Garden Centre you will Begln stock is guaranteed for find the finest selection of nur- one full year. sery stock in Canada, including At Sheridan Garden Centres you more than 900 varieties of will also find qualified nursery- plants and trees grown on men who will be pleased to help Sheridan's own farms. you in any way they can.
MISSISSAUGA NORTH-CENTRAL SCARBOROUGH ETOBICOKE 606 Southdown Rd., 2827 Yonge St., 3444 sheppard Ave. E., 700 Evans Ave., Mississauga L5J 2Y4 TorontoMA4N 2J4 Toronto M1T 3K4 Etobicoke M9C 1A1 Tel. 822-0251 Tel. 481-6429 Tel. 293-2493 Tel. 621-9100
UNIONVILLE OSHAWA KITCHENER 4077 Hwy. 7, Unionville 847 King St. W, Oshawa 100 Elmsdale Road, Kitchener L3R 115 Tel. 728-9429 Tel. 743-4146 Tel. 297-2253
LANDSCAPE DEPARTMENTS: Metropolitan Toronto 621-9111 East Toronto/Markham 297-1499 Kitchener/Waterloo 743-4146
continued from page 5
C. A. Cruickshank had a 1imited supply in 1981 which will probably be increased this year if crop conditions are good. There will likely be other outlets also because of the greater demand.
BULBS FOR THE GARDEN
Of all the new tulips of recent years, none have been more spectacular than those belonging to a class known as the "New Darwin Hybrids".
These tulips were initially bred by crossing Red Emperor, an amazingly popular fosteriana tulip with large red flowers but short stems with some of the taller and older Darwins. The first varieties were primarily bright red. They retained the large size and early blooming of the fosterianas and the much taller stems of the Darwins.
A number of new colours have recently been introduced including yellow, orange and salmon.
They bloom about ten days earlier than the Darwins. Best of all, as they are very prolific reproducers, many range in price from 40% to 50% cheaper than regular Darwins.
If they are fertilized once a year, they often outlast the latter by several years. Examples are Apeldoorn, Gudoshnik and Holland's Glory.
An outstanding variety of the 1ily-flowered tulips is Marietta, a beautiful rose pink. The interesting thing is that it has such a long life, even when neglected. The writer has had it flowering for as long as seven years without deterioration in either quantity or size of bloom.
Blue and yellow combinations are always striking. Here is a very pleasing one for early spring. Plant clumps of species tulip Tarda and blue grape hyacinth in the same bed. They bloom at the same time and planted under a birch clump are really eye-catching. The Tarda is very hardy and increases rapidly. It has yellow star-1ike flowers and grows about six inches high. Scillas are
also a Tovely blue shade but unfortunately bloom before the Tardas are out.
FALL CARE OF LAKNS
September is normally the best month of the year for seeding or sodding lawns. The cooler nights the heavy dews and adequate moisture create the best conditions for healthy growth.
In the past, the writer has normally fertilized his lawn only once a year in early April. Although he has a good lawn from May to November, the following April it looks winter weary until the early fertilizer has started to take effect.
However, several neighbours have been applying a winterizing lawn fertilizer with a 6-12-24 formula in early September. During the past two seasons, their grass has come through the winter without any brown spots or winter kill and much greener and thicker than those who didn't use it. Apparently, the high phosphorous and potash content created a strong vigorous root system to carry the grass through
INTRODUCING .... THE RHODODENDRON
The Toronto Region of the Rhododendron Society of Canada wishes to introduce the uninitiated into the joys and the justifiable pride of growing the beautiful Rhododendron and its equally attractive relative -- the Azalea.
For this purpose, two meetings have been arranged -- one in the fall and one in the spring -- at which everyone is welcome.
On Friday, October 22 at 8.00 p.m. in Studio 1 at the Civic Garden Centre, the program will include such topics as preparation of beds now for spring planting and precautions to take to protect this year's plants during the coming winter. A slide show will feature plants grown in the Toronto area in their spring beauty, their summer foliage and in their glorious fall colours. Question period.
Watch for details of the spring meeting on March 18, 1983, in a future issue of TRELLIS.
the winter and stimulated new growth very early in the spring.
In the June issue of the American magazine, Horticulture, Robert Emmons in an article entitled "Lawns" stated that "... the most important time to fertilize lawns is in Tate August or early September. Extensive root development occurs in the fall if nutrients are available. Spring fertilization, though beneficial, is less essential than a Tate summer feeding."
HOUSE PLANT CUTTINGS FOR WINTER
The last week in August is an ideal time to take cuttings such as geranium, fuschia, etc. They can be readily rooted in a medium such as sand and peatmoss, or vermiculite and perlite right on the patio. The nights and days are still warm and they will be completely rooted by mid-September when they should be potted up and taken indoors before the first frost.
They should be watered initially as cuttings with a fungicide such as Benomyl, especially geraniums that are susceptible to a disease known
continued page 7
NOW OPEN YEAR ROUND DON VALLEY GARDEN CENTRE
Complete Garden Supply Centre located centrally in East York just east of O Connor Drive.
* Roses Ontario grown stock
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continued from page 6 as "blackleg". This causes the base of the cutting to turn black and rot prior to rooting.
Once the days start to shorten noticeably, it is more difficult to root cuttings (especially fuschias) because most plants are preparing for the shorter days of fall and winter by conserving their growth and chemical energy for that period.
If you must bring in the old blooming plants of geraniums, they should be potted up and all the stems cut back severely to within three inches above the rim.
Failure to do so will result in a steady shower of falling leaves for some weeks and a sad bare-Tlooking plant that will take a long time to recover from the shock of readjusting. The cut-down plants will be nothing to look at but will shortly send up new growth if given full light.
COMPOST
It is unwise to put compost or other organic material on flower beds that contain perennial or biennial plants, shrubs or climbing vines until after the ground is frozen or, better still, first thing in the spring.
Putting it on in early fall may stimulate late growth that can be easily winter killed. On vegetable or annual flower beds where all the vegetative growth has been removed, it can be spread and dug in at any time during the fall.
Ernest Pope is on the Advisory Committee of The Civic Garden Centre and an active member of the Men's Garden Club and the North Toronto Horticultural Society. He contributes regularly to Trellis.
PLANNING AN EVENT?
Reserve space early.
For rates and dates phone the Civic Garden Centre: 445-1552
NEW BOOKS IN THE BOOK SHOP
The Dried Flower Book by Annette Mierhof I1lustrated by Marijke den Boer-Vlamings Herbert Press, 1981 $21.00
A beautiful book, dealing with every aspect of flower drying and pressing. The illustrations are exquisite, but stylized enough to give clear "how to's" for bouquets, pictures, wreaths and table decorations. Plans for cutting gardens are included, together with useful information about suitable plants and flowers.
The Scented Garden by Rosemary Verey
Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1981 $34.95
Starting with a good introduction to the history of scented gardens, this book is a pleasure to read, either seriously or as a coffee table item. Did you know, for instance, that an African Marigold signifies "vulgar minds" and the recipient of a sprig of mignonette is being told that his/her qualities surpass his/her charms? There are some cultural tips, a good number of recipes and a list of suppliers in the U.S. and the U.S. 1I1lustrated with drawings in colour, photographs and reproductions of old masterpieces.
PERKS FOR SENIORS AT SHERIDAN
Another benefit of reaching that magic age of 65 is that Sheridan Nurseries is offering a 10% discount card to all who present proof of age identification at any one of the seven Sheridan Garden Centres.
Members of Sheridan's 65 Club will receive an identification card entitling the holder to 10% off all regularly priced merchandise on days other than Saturday or Sunday.
Says Sheridan's Chief Horticulturist Larry Sherk: "It is not unusual for retailers to offer special discounts to senior citizens and this is being done with a sincere attitude of service to the community."
WONDERLAND OF BULBS
Send $1.00 for our new catalogues, refundable on first order.
The multitude of rare and interesting bulbs listed, over 700 varieties, many difficult to obtain elsewhere, will prove to be a revelation. By far the most complete bulb catalogue in Canada.
C. A. CRUICKSHANK LTD.
Since 1925
Canada s LeadingBulb Specialists
1015 Mount Pleasant Road Toronto M4P 2M1 488-8292
PRUNING SPECIALIST
All types of trees and shrubs pruned properly Tree pruning Insured Willing to barter
Brian Sinclair 762-5828 anytime
Mini Rose Nursery
Speclalizing in Minlature Roses For 1982 Listing write Florence Gahagan
P.O. Box 873, Guelph, Ontario N1H 6M6
city gardens
Tropical Plants
Sales and Maintenance
lan A. McCallum, B.Sc.(Agriculture) 446-1040 9:00 - 5:00 Monday to Friday
Clubs and societies located the Civic Garden Centre
(continued from July Trellis)
canadian Chrysanthemum & Dahlia Society
In 1963, a dedicated group of 46 growers formed a Chrysanthemum Society in response to requests on how to grow those big beautiful blooms. Membership grew to over 100 by 1964. In 1965, headquarters, meetings and shows were moved to the Civic Garden Centre at Edwards Gardens and legal procedures were taken to form the Canadian Chrysanthemum Society with official charter and seal. By 1975, the word "Dahlia" and a host of new members had been added to the Society.
With the opening of the new Civic Garden Centre, the Society decided to celebrate with the biggest international show of chrysanthemums and dahlias. Success gained worldwide recognition.
Now we are at work on our big International '82 Show, drawing top chrysanthemum and dahlia people from the U.S. and the U.K. as well as from across Canada.
You're invited to join us at one of our monthly meetings. And do attend the big show September 25 and 26 at the Civic Garden Centre.
Hobby Greenhouse Group
The Hobby Greenhouse Group meets monthly at the Civic Garden Centre.
Speakers and discussions at meetings. cover setting up the greenhouse, operation, heating, energy conservation, equipment, plant propagation, seed germination and pest control.
For the balance of 1982, meeting dates are September 29, November 3 and December 1. Time 8.00 p.m.
Visitors are welcome.
GREEN THUMBS JUNIOR GARDEN CLUB
The Junior Garden Club was organized in 1965 by Mr. James Boyd, the first director of the Civic Garden Centre. Its programme was designed to help children develop an interest in horticulture, nature, conservation and home gardening.
The Green Thumbs Junior Garden Club is for children aged 9 to 13 years and meets one Saturday morning a month from September through June. Programmes cover a wide range of horticultural activities, nature related craft workshops, an annual field trip and a flower show in September.
Enquiries about membership may be made at the Civic Garden Centre.
HAMILTON
2500 Barton Street East Parkway Plaza Centennial and Barton St. 560-1600
ETOBICOKE
1582 The Queensway Between Kipling Ave and Highway 427 255-0725
Toronto Gesneriad Society
The Toronto Gesneriad Society is affiliated with the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society.
Qur purpose, through sharing, is to encourage and stimulate the culture of that unique plant family known as Gesneriaceae.
We meet at the Civic Garden Centre at 2.00 p.m. on the second Sunday of each month (except for July and August). Our programme includes lectures, plant sales and exchanges, shows and exhibitions and newsletters.
SCARBOROUGH
1306 Kennedy Rd South of Highway 401 North of Lawrence Ave 755-5345
MISSISSAUGA
335 Dundas St. E East of Highway 10 West of Cawthra Rd 2772727
CAMBRIDGE NEWMARKET 561 Hespeler Rd 55 Yonge Street Highway 24 South of Davis Drive 500 yds. S. of Highway 401 895.2457 621-5281
WHITBY UNIONVILLE
1242 Dundas St. E No. 7 Highway West of Thickson Rd East of Anderson St 6687505
For information, contact Monte Watler 233-6664. East of Woodbine Ave West of Kennedy Rd 297-3330
Open 7 days a week