Rog u e Econom i es : (In)Sec u re Vol . 2 2018 With Contributions by: Dr Gerhard Bruyns 1 Heinrich Wolff
Rog u e Econ o m i es : ( In ) Se c u re Vol.2 2018 Cover Image: By Ajit Mistry (2018) Unit 14 Unit System Africa The Graduate School of Architecture Faculty of Arts and Design University of Johannesburg www.gsa.ac.za ISBN: 978-0-620-82270-1 (print) 978-0-620-82271-8 (e-book) Š2018 GSA UJ All rights reserved.
www.gsaunit14.com 2
3
Unit 14 reinforces its interests in Rogue Economies - those subversive economic practices, tactics and transactions that shape contemporary Johannesburg in bewilderingly dramatic ways. We look to understand these dynamics to build a relevant architectural literacy around emergent economic practices that are defining our African cities. This year, we focus our attention on Security - that perilous state whereby the necessity for security reorganizes our society and space through uncomfortable arrangements. We examine both the attainment of security and the consequences of its inverse - (in)Security, which results in the forfeiture of rights, sovereignty and instability. Through its extreme levels of violence and crime, in a war-like territory, Johannesburg offers a rare and opportunistic portal to examine the relationship between architecture and security at both intimate and grand scales. Employing forensic drawing methods to decode, we reveal and communicate the hidden meanings and (symbolic and economic) value of how our security operations construct our urbanity. Immersive fieldwork coupled with an engagement with an array of cross-discipline specialists creates a comprehensive and empirical field-guide to working with (In)Security. Insights are employed to speculate an architectural proposition that aims to purposefully operate between binary extremes of risk and opportunity. Exploiting its attributes to be both defensive and accessible, the Gatehouse as an architectural typology is adopted as a means through which to explore an architectural proposition.
Contents Securing Relevance
8
Guest Contributor Heinrich Wolff
16
Guest Contributor Dr Gerhard Bruyns
26
Rogue Lexicon II
38
Transactions: Markets & Opportunity
40
Kennedy Chikerema Cornel Schoombee Ajit Mistry
Domesticity: Paranoia & Trust
76
Adam Osman Ruan den Drijver Binayka Rama
Passages: Navigation & Transcendence
112
Kyle Hollis Olufolajimi Akinboboye Jiaxin Gong Olasumbo Olaniyi
Practices: Sacred & Forgotten
158
Yusuf Patel Sashien Singh Jamila Mkansi
Method Rogue
196
Acknowledgements
212
These explorations are located though Unit System Africa, the flagship architectural program at University of Johannesburg’s Graduate School of Architecture.
4
5
‘ . . . i t i s n ot by our ou r sc i enc e th at we i s by ou r cr i mes. Th e i n th e tr i a ngu lation
arts, our pol iti cs, or u nderstand ourselves — it recent tran sformation s of capita l , th e state, a nd
govern a nce h ave l ed
to an era wh ere cri me
a n d pol i c i ng are ever
more compl i cit, th ey offer
a power fu l m edi tation
on th e new forms of
sovereig nty, c i t i zen sh i p,
class, race, law, and
pol i t i c a l e con o my...’ - Jean & Joh n Com aroff
6
7
Securi ng Relevance Thiresh Govender UrbanWorks Architecture & Urbanism
Sarah de Villiers Counterspace
Tova Lubinsky
8
9
Introduction
“Architecture and the built
consequence. It therefore warrants
e nv i r o n m e n t i s k i n d o f l i k e a
c a r e f u l s c r u t i ny i n a r c h i t e c t u r e
slow virus... Architecture is used
a s i t a l s o s h a p e s o u r p hy s i c a l a n d
by architects as a weapon. The
s o c i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s i n s i g n i f i c a n t ly
w e a p o n s a n d a m mu n i t i o n o f i t
d r a m a t i c w ay s .
Thiresh Govender, Sarah de Villiers, Tova Lubinsky
are very simple things. They are trees, they are terraces, they are
The desire to secure (and protect)
houses, they are cladding, they’re
i s d i r e c t ly a t o d d s w i t h t h e
barriers. Everything you see in this
ideological values of South Africa’s
panorama is a tactical tool within
new democracy – of inclusion,
t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l o c c u p a t i o n . Yo u
transformation and opportunity for
just need to know how to decode it.”
all. The consequence of Security t o d ay i s o n e o f p e r p e t u a t i n g f e a r,
– E y a l We i z m a n , Fo r e n s i c
paranoia and separation through
Architecture
fortification. This necessary adoption of security practices has
There are two great forces that
i r o n i c a l ly r e n d e r e d u s I n S e c u r e - i n
h av e c o m e t o d e f i n e t h e S o u t h
terms of our freedoms, choices and
A f r i c a n C i t y. T h e f i r s t i s Ap a r t h e i d
our democratic pursuits.
– the spatial separation along
10
racial lines, and the second,
Doors, fences, burglar bars, CCTV,
Security – protecting and fortifying
security guards, guard dogs and
o n e s e l f f r o m a p e r c e iv e d t h r e a t .
g a t e d c o m mu n i t i e s a r e a l l o b j e c t s
Co l l e c t iv e ly t h e s e a r e s e v e r e f o r c e s
of our obsession. In their current
t o b e d e f i n e d b y, y e t a f u n d a m e n t a l
f o r m t h e y p r e s e n t t h e m s e lv e s t o
reality of contemporary cities
b e a d i s r u p t iv e , b u t n e c e s s a r y
like Johannesburg. Security in
set of tools. Whether isolated
m a ny w ay s i s t h e u l t i m a t e R o g u e
or in strategic arrangements,
E c o n o my – i n s i d i o u s , p e r v a s iv e
they provide powerful readings
and extreme in both scale and
o f n e w s p a t i a l l o g i c s . We a r e
11
Introduction
interested in the careful workings
that, while uncomfortable, is
of these elements to make a more
necessary to understand in order
p r o d u c t iv e a r c h i t e c t u r a l e n q u i r y.
to manipulate, hack and distort it t o w a r d s m o r e p r o d u c t iv e o u t c o m e s .
Thiresh Govender, Sarah de Villiers, Tova Lubinsky
T h i s b o dy o f w o r k a t t e m p t s t o s c a n t h r o u g h t h e l iv i n g r e m a i n s o f t h e
While some projects in this volume
post-apartheid city focusing on
explores in great detail domestic
how Security has come to shape
and material fortification, other
our spaces. In so doing, it aims to
p r o j e c t s r a d i c a l ly e x p a n d t h e
develop a spatial literacy that is
obvious idea of security to include;
both relevant and useful in shaping
i ) s e c u r i n g m e m o r y, i i ) s e c u r i n g
a more desirable urban future
e c o n o m i c a dv a n t a g e , i i i ) s e c u r i n g
through architecture. The Unit
l iv e l i h o o d , a n d iv ) s e c u r i n g
focuses its attention on sharp and
familiarity and trust. The thirteen
critical observation – where we
projects are organised along four
d e v e l o p a w ay t o s e e b e y o n d t h e
key themes:
o b v i o u s – t o r e n d e r t h e i nv i s i b l e v i s i b l e . T h e d r aw i n g i s u s e d
•
Transactions - Emergent
as a forensic tool to reveal the
economic transactions which
operations, logics, codes, practices,
a r e f a c i l i t a t e d t h r o u g h nu a n c e d
rituals, bricks and mortar that
systems of security and
c u mu l a t iv e ly d e f i n e o u r s o c i a l
surveillance.
a n d s p a t i a l r e a l i t y o f s e c u r i t y.
•
Domesticity - The home as a
Documentation uses lexicons,
site of fear and safety and the
axonometric, scans, collage,
means employed to protect
c a r t o g r a p hy a n d e t h n o g r a p hy t o
oneself.
begin to develop a vocabulary of
•
P a s s a g e s - T h e c h o r e o g r a p hy o f
spatial language used to define
various forms of safety through
this dramatic post-apartheid
complex thresholds.
architecture. It is an architecture
12
13
Introduction
•
Practices - Practices and b e h av i o u r s t h a t a r e c r e a t i n g new forms of security and s a f e t y.
Through the critical observation and rigorous measurement of these situations, one reveals s i mu l t a n e o u s ly o p e r a t i o n s a n d p o s s i b i l i t i e s o f a r a d i c a l ly Thiresh Govender, Sarah de Villiers, Tova Lubinsky
i m a g i n a t iv e a n d p o w e r f u l a r c h i t e c t u r e . T h e n e c e s s a r y, i n s i d i o u s a n d d i s r u p t iv e c a p a c i t i e s of the prevailing security apparatus will come to define our e x i s t e n c e . We c h o o s e t o e m b r a c e its power and force – for better or worse.
14
15
Li n ki ng th e Capita l isation of
Dr Gerhard Bruyns School of Design Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Security i n th e Context of Hyper-Specu lation
16
17
Linking the Capitalisation of Security in the Context of Hyper-Speculation.
With more than 4 billion people
based on the frequency of terrorist
residing in urbanised regions, Hong
a t t a c k s , c o u p l e d w i t h t h e a n nu a l
Kong is rated ninth in the Economist
nu m b e r o f c i t y c a s u a l t i e s . A s a
Intelligence Unit (2017) Safe City
metric, both the upper and lower
Index . In the published report
ends of the scale sketch stark
t h a t r a n k s c i t y s a f e t y, To k y o i s
realities of how safety impacts the
ranked first, Singapore second and
e nv i r o n m e n t , e s p e c i a l ly t h o s e o f t h e
O s a k a t h i r d . To r o n t o r a n k s f o u r t h ,
G l o b a l S o u t h a n d t h e i r r e s p e c t iv e
Melbourne fifth, Amsterdam sixth,
t a c t i c s t h a t a d d r e s s ‘ c o m p r e h e n s iv e
Sydney seventh, Stockholm is eighth
security’ under categories of digital,
a n d Z u r i c h i s i n t e n t h p o s i t i o n . At
health, infrastructure, and, most
the lower end of the scale, the cities
i m p o r t a n t ly, p e r s o n a l s a f e t y.
1
Dr Gerhard Bruyns
of Jakarta and Bangkok rank fiftyseventh and forty-ninth. Amongst
If Hong Kong has such a ‘safe’
its peers, Hong Kong can pride itself
p o s i t i o n , w h a t d r iv e s t h e c i t y ’ s
on a pristine safety record that
m a n i c s e c u r i t y, w i t h i t s s t e e l
is both spatial as well as virtual,
bars on windows, iron gates, and
c o n t i nu o u s ly i m p l e m e n t i n g n e w
e v e r - p r e s e n t p a r a n o i a c o n s t a n t ly
measured thresholds to secure
observed through closed circuit
v i r t u a l ( i n t e r n e t ) a n d p hy s i c a l
m o n i t o r s ? W hy d o e s t h e H o n g
s a f e t y.
K o n g e nv i r o n m e n t s h o w s u c h a n affinity for militant condition,
18
With petty crime, small theft and
where commercial developments
m o n e t a r y c o nv e r s i o n b e i n g t h e
become economic islands closed off
‘official’ culprits that determine
t o t h e u r b a n t e r r i t o r y ? W hy h a s
Hong Kong’s ranking, the city is not
t h e ‘ a n t i - c iv i c ‘ b e c o m e a d o m i n a n t
k n o w n f o r e x t r e m e c r i m e , mu r d e r
v o i c e , m i l i t a r i s i n g s p a c e i n f av o u r
or major life-threatening dangers.
of the financial elite’s desire for
In comparison, Johannesburg and
e x c l u s iv i t y a n d a c e r t a i n n e e d t o
Karachi, fifty-forth and sixtieth
negate landscapes that are free and
p o s i t i o n r e s p e c t iv e ly, a r e p o s i t i o n e d
open to all?
19
Linking the Capitalisation of Security in the Context of Hyper-Speculation.
space in the landlocked city-state, One realises these questions
has repositioned ‘luxury’ as the
r e m a i n t o o d i s p e r s e d t o d e l iv e r
o p e r a t iv e c o n c e p t a n d , i n d o i n g s o ,
a c o m p r e h e n s iv e a r g u m e n t i n
has realigned the ‘luxury of space’
t h i s s h o r t t e x t . A s a n a l t e r n a t iv e ,
w i t h s c a r c i t y a n d d e f e n s i b i l i t y.
would it be possible to extract one
A l t h o u g h c o u n t e r - i n t u i t iv e t o
single focus: to questioning the
t h e c o nv e n t i o n a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g
capitalisation of security in the
of commodification whereby the
c o n t e x t o f hy p e r - s p e c u l a t i o n ?
circulation of goods requires both
Dr Gerhard Bruyns
e x p e d i t e d u s e o f g o o d s a n d m a x i mu m M y hy p o t h e s i s d r aw s f r o m
exposure to its consumers, militant
the delinking of capitalism
consumerism mechanises the
from consumable goods, and
c o n c e p t s o f Ve r y I m p o r t a n t P e r s o n s
its realignment with space as
(VIP/ VVIP), smallness and the
c o m m o d i t y. H i s t o r i c a l ly, o n e i s
c o n f i n e s o f s p a c e w i t h e x c l u s iv i t y,
reminded of Hong Kong’s ‘market
e x c e s s a n d e x t r av a g a n c e i n t h e
city’ status and its post-war
d e l i b e r a t e p l o y s t o e x c l u d e t h e c iv i c
devolution as a prominent industrial
f r o m b o t h t h e p u b l i c a n d p r iv a t e
t e r r i t o r y. W i t h t h e f l i g h t o f
spheres. Even though access to
industries across its border with
e x c l u s iv e c o m m e r c e i s r e g u l a t e d
China, Hong Kong’s ‘territorial
through one’s financial means,
s t a t u s ’ h a s i r r e v e r s i b ly b e c o m e
s p a t i a l r e a l i t i e s s e e m t o p l ay
a k n o w l e d g e e c o n o my, r e a l i g n i n g
primary role.
2
its financial systems, production
20
services, consumption and
In Hong Kong’s precarious position of
c o n s u m e r i s m t o hy p e r - s p e c u l a t i o n
a ‘ o n e - c o u n t r y - t w o - s y s t e m s ’ c o n t e x t 3,
a n d g l o b a l c o m p e t i t iv e n e s s .
the view of land capital and security
M o r e i m p o r t a n t ly, a n d a k e y t o
is intensified by the heightened
s i t u a t i n g c a p i t a l a n d s e c u r i t y,
aw a r e n e s s o f l a n d s c a r c i t y. T h e
t h e t e r r i t o r y ’ s c o n t i nu e d d r iv e
m a n i c d r iv e b y a n i n f l a t e d p r o p e r t y
t o c a p i t a l i s e o n e v e r y av a i l a b l e
market, with estate agents located
21
Linking the Capitalisation of Security in the Context of Hyper-Speculation.
on every urban block, sends clear
s t a t i o n e d a t e a c h e n c l av e o f l u x u r y,
signals of a social tendency that
operate under strict instructions
equates security with the ownership
t o l i m i t t h e nu m b e r o f c l i e n t s a t
o f p r o p e r t y, a n d n o t w i t h s o c i a l
a ny g iv e n t i m e i n t h e s t o r e . G u a r d s
responsibility or the quality of
with earpieces and closed-circuit
n e i g h b o u r h o o d s . P hy s i c a l b o u n d a r i e s ,
television (CCTV) surveillance
spatial limits and building edges, in
monitor customers throughout the
r e a l i t y, d e f i n e a m i c r o c o s m o f c o n t r o l
a l r e a dy i nw a r d ly o r i e n t a t e d s t o r e
wherein the right of access reverts
(commerce visible from the outside
t o t h e u n q u e s t i o n a b l e au t h o r i t y h e l d
blocking all sightlines into the store).
b y l a n d l o r d s a t a ny g iv e n t i m e .
T h e e x c l u s iv i t y t h a t a H K $ 4 0 0 0 0 tote bag guarantees, in parallel,
I f i n d e e d M i k e D av i s ’ s
4
assertion
Dr Gerhard Bruyns
that the ‘urban fortress’ as a generic
s e c u r e s a h av e n f r o m t h e m a d d i n g crowds.
f o r mu l a t i o n f o r c o n t e m p o r a r y urbanisation rings true, then Hong
Within a residential setting,
K o n g h a s f i n a l ly m a s t e r e d t h e
the same sentiment applies. The
capitalisation of security in the
presence of guards posted at
totality of its urban landscape.
entrances, gate after gate, coded
Fo r t r e s s e s o f c o m m e r c e , f o r t r e s s e s
access and gridded fenestration,
o f r e s i d e n t i a l e n c l av e s a n d
p l a c e s ‘ o t h e r ’ s e c u r i t y l ay e r s a t
e n t e r t a i n m e n t h av e b e c o m e
the forefront of habitual value.
prevalent.
Packaged amenities contained within the building complex, part of a 99-
22
D e lv i n g f u r t h e r i n t o t h e l i n k s
year ‘ownership’ agreement (which
b e t w e e n p hy s i c a l s e c u r i t y a n d
is, in fact, a long lease tenancy
commerce, we notice the impact of
agreement that guarantees the
fortification set in place by Chanel,
safety of space), replace unsafe
D i o r, H e r m è s a n d Ca r t i e r, a s w e l l a s
urban functions located exterior to
other larger commercial centres.
t h e c o m p l e x . P l a c e d aw ay f r o m t h e
The spatial ploys of security guards
street and defended by its position
23
Linking the Capitalisation of Security in the Context of Hyper-Speculation.
in the centre of the high rise, each
a n d i s o l a t i o n . I f e a r, w h a t e v e r t h e
amenity establishes a new condition
position, this will remain a question
of control, to and from the clubhouse,
of life seen from behind bars.
cinema room, gym facilities and p o o l s . N o t o n ly d o t h e s e r e p r e s e n t i n t e r n a l i s e d m i c r o - d e r iv a t iv e s of neoliberal development, they c o n c u r r e n t ly m i r r o r t h e d e s i r e t o e x c l u d e t h e c i t y f r o m a ny dw e l l i n g process. In conclusion, the desire of the bourgeoisie to militarise their
References: 1
Security in a rapid urbanizing world. A
Dr Gerhard Bruyns
w ay s o f l i f e i s n o t e x c l u s iv e t o H o n g
report from the Economist Intelligence Unit’.
K o n g . I n a t e x t I w r o t e i n 2 0 1 2 5, I
Av a i l a b l e o n l i n e : h t t p : / / s a f e c i t i e s . e c o n o m i s t . c o m / s a f e - c i t i e s - i n d e x - 2 0 1 7 . L a s t Ac c e s s e d 9
questioned similar tendencies in t h e S o u t h A f r i c a n c i t y. A l t h o u g h
Nov 2018. 2
done for very different reasons in the South African context, the formation of commercial islands, the
o n e n t e r p r i s e s t h a t e x c l u s iv e ly a d d r e s s s e c u r i t y r a i s e s e q u iv a l e n t concerns for South Africa and Hong K o n g . A s t w o s o c i e t i e s c au g h t w i t h i n processes of social, cultural and
O h n o , H . ( 1 9 9 2 ) . H o n g K o n g A l t e r n a t iv e M e t r o p o l i s . O h n o L a b o r a t o r y, T h e U n iv e r s i t y o f To k y o , i n Space Design 330, March 1992.
3
H o n g K o n g i s o f f i c i a l ly r u n b y a C E O ; C h i e f E x e c u t iv e O f f i c e r u n d e r t h e m a n d a t e f r o m
h e i g h t e n e d i nv e s t m e n t i n s e c u r i t y features, and the importance placed
The Economist. (2017). ‘Safe Cities Index 2017.
China. 4
D av i s . M . ( 2 0 0 6 ) . C i t y o f Q u a r t z . E x c av a t i n g t h e
5
B r u y n s . G . ( 2 0 1 2 ) . D i s t o r t e d P e r s p e c t iv e s : N o t e s
F u t u r e i n L o s A n g e l e s . L o n d o n , N e w Yo r k : Ve r s o . f r o m t h e ( U r b a n ) E d g e . P o n d e r i n g 1 0 Ye a r s o f Change for an Urban South Africa. In Bruyns, G . J . B . & G r a a f l a n d , A . ( E d s ) . A f r i c a n P e r s p e c t iv e s S o u t h A f r i c a : C i t y, S o c i e t y, S p a c e a n d A r c h i t e c t u r e . Rotterdam: 010 Publishers.
geopolitical change, the important question should reflect on how to capitalise on the security of i n c l u s iv i t y, r a t h e r t h a n o n p a r a n o i a
24
25
Th e Cri me of Our Ti me Heinrich Wolff Wolff Architects
PHOTO BY ADAM OSMAN
26
27
The Crime of Our Time
The crime of our time is the
the city that prop up the operation
e s c a l a t i o n o f e x i s t i n g i n e q u i t y.
of exclusionary contemporary
T h i s e s s ay w i l l l o o k a t h o w s p a t i a l
c a p i t a l i s m . Ce r t a i n t y p e s o f e c o n o m i c
practitioners are partners to
impulses could not be realised
t h e c r i m e o f a dv a n c i n g e c o n o m i c
without the city’s morphology
i n e q u a l i t y i n t h e c i t y.
enabling and facilitating them.
Heinrich Wolff
Therefore, if we are concerned Since 1994, economic inequality in
a b o u t g r o w i n g i n e q u a l i t y, w e
S o u t h A f r i c a h a s i n c r e a s e d r a p i d ly.
should also be concerned about
In spite of the consistent pro-poor
new urban formations that assist
political rhetoric, the grip that the
the monopolisation of economic
w e a l t hy h av e o v e r t h e s t a t e a n d o u r
o p p o r t u n i t y, o n t h e o n e h a n d , a n d
cities is increasing. Since liberation,
the marginalisation of people within
b i g b u s i n e s s h av e e n h a n c e d t h e i r
conditions of unfreedom, on the
freedom in the form of a neoliberal
o t h e r.
e c o n o my. U r b a n a n d e c o n o m i c a dv a n t a g e s a s s i g n e d t o a m i n o r i t y
By m o n o p o l i s i n g e c o n o m i c
r e s u l t d i r e c t ly i n d i m i n i s h e d a c c e s s
o p p o r t u n i t y w i t h i n l a r g e , p r iv a t e ly
to economic opportunity for the
owned sites, and by spatialising this
m a j o r i t y. T h e p o l i t i c a l r a t i f i c a t i o n
practice in a manner that precludes
o f s u c h p r iv i l e g e s a m o u n t s t o a
the entrepreneurial participation
parallel politics that contradicts the
o f t h e p o o r, t h e r e s t o f t h e c i t y
p o s t - a p a r t h e i d p r o j e c t o f a dv a n c i n g
becomes desaturated of economic
freedom.
o p p o r t u n i t y. T h e f o o t h o l d o f t h e p o o r w i t h i n t h e e c o n o my i s b e i n g r e d u c e d
28
I n t h i s p l ay f o r p o w e r, s p a t i a l
g e o g r a p h i c a l ly a n d t h e s c a l e o f
practitioners (architects, urban
inequality is increased. Wholesale
designers and planners) are
p r iv i l e g e s a r e g iv e n t o t h e o w n e r s
not innocent bystanders. These
of large land parcels: they can
p r o f e s s i o n a l s h av e p a r t i c i p a t e d i n
monopolise economic opportunity in
imagining new configurations of
w h i c h e v e r w ay t h e y w a n t , e x c l u d e
29
The Crime of Our Time
the participation of those they do
c a n p r e v e n t a s mu c h a s t h e y c a n
not like and shape urban space to
e n a b l e , t h e s e d r aw i n g s ( r e f e r t o
s e r v e t h e i r e n d s e x c l u s iv e ly. S u c h
pages following) aim to expose this
u n m i t i g a t e d p r iv i l e g e s h av e s u c h
dy n a m i c :
n e g a t iv e c o n s e q u e n c e s f o r t h e f u t u r e
Spaces of disconnection, devoid
of our cities, and for the economic
o f o p p o r t u n i t y, a r e s h o w n i n
development of our country in
black.
g e n e r a l , t h a t w e h av e n o c h o i c e
•
Open, public space under
but to reckon with thier long-term
d e m o c r a t i c c o n t r o l i s d r aw n i n
social costs. Just like air pollution or
white.
cigarette smoke, these costs should
Heinrich Wolff
•
•
E a c h p r iv a t e ly o w n e d p r o p e r t y
at the very best be regulated, and in
is shown in a different colour to
s o m e c a s e s , b e o u t l aw e d a l t o g e t h e r.
s h o w t h e s c a l e a n d mu l t i t u d e o f ownerships.
In order to visualise escalating i n e q u a l i t y, w e d e v e l o p e d a n e w m e t h o d o f d r aw i n g t h e c i t y. U n l i k e N o l l i ’ s m a p o f R o m e , which shows all public spaces as u n iv e r s a l ly a c c e s s i b l e , a n d u n l i k e t h e c o nv e n t i o n s s u r r o u n d i n g architectural plans, which show all d o o r s s i mu l t a n e o u s ly o p e n , t h i s n e w method visibilises the restrictions p l a c e d o n p hy s i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c mobility in South African cities. It d e v e l o p s t h e hy p o t h e s i s p u t f o r t h by Irit Rogoff and the Freethought Co l l e c t iv e t h a t i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s g o v e r n “ j u s t a s mu c h a n d p e r h a p s more than political ideologies and rhetorics”1 . If infrastructures
30
References: 1
F r e e t h o u g h t Co l l e c t iv e , 2 0 1 6 . F r e e t h o u g h t a t
B e r g e n A s s e m b ly 2 0 1 6 . [ O n l i n e ] Av a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / research.gold.ac.uk
31
The Crime of Our Time Heinrich Wolff
DIAGRAM 1: s h ows L a n g a i n C a p e Tow n ; r eve a l i n g t h e r a c i a l i s e d n e i g h b o u r h o o d p l a n n i n g of t h e a p a r t h e i d c i t y. T h e d r a w i n g s h ows a n u r b a n a r e a , i s o l a te d f r o m a d j a c e nt s u b u r b s by b u f f e r zo n e s .
32
33
The Crime of Our Time Heinrich Wolff
DIAGRAM 2: s h ows C e nt u r y C i t y i n C a p e Tow n , w h i c h wa s d eve l o p e d p o s t - 1 9 9 4 . T h i s p r i va te l y ow n e d l a n d p a r c e l , t h e s a m e s i ze a s t h e e nt i r e i n n e r c i t y, s h a r e s m a ny of t h e m o r p h o l o g i c a l f e a t u r e s of L a n g a . P l a n n i n g i n s t r u m e nt s , u s e d i n t h e p a s t a n d a i m e d a t s e g r e g a t i o n , a r e u s e d a g a i n h e r e. T h i s i s a n ew f e u d a l i s m w h e r e i n
a c c e s s to e c o n o m i c o p p o r t u n i t y i s c o nt r o l l e d by t h e l a n d ow n e r , w i t h t h e p o o r c o n d e m n e d to b e i n g l a b o u r e r s r a t h e r t h a n p a r t i c i p a t i n g e nt r e p r e n e u r s .
35
The Crime of Our Time Heinrich Wolff
D I AG R A M 3 : C a p e Tow n w i t h t h e V & A Wa te r f r o nt a n d t h e d o c k ow n e d by t h e N a t i o n a l Po r t Au t h o r i t y.
36
37
Ah m e d Ti m o l
E m ergent Trade
Ho me Affai rs
Mi ti gate Ri sk
Rec o l l e c t
Sta te s Of R i sk
Al a r m e d
E sc ap e And R eac t ion
Ho rro r Mo v i e
Mi ti gati ng D anger
Ref l e c ti o ns & Mi r r o r s
Sta tus
Al t e r O u r P e r c e p t i o n
E sc ap e House
Ho st And Vi si to r
Mo des O f Fo rti fi cati o n
Ref ug e
Ste a dy Ob se r v a ti o n
An t i c i p a t i o n
E sc ap e R out es
Hostile Sp aces
Mo no p o l i zati o n
Reha b i l i ta ti o n
Sub v e r t
An x i e t y
E st rangem ent
Immi grants
Mo ti o n D etecto rs
Rel a ti o nshi p To H o m e
Sup p ly-C ha i n
Ar m e d An d D i s a r m e d
E veryday
Incrementi ng Ev i dence
Neutral Zones
Rem o te Co ntr o l s
Sur v e i l l a nc e
Ar r iv a l
E xam ining Gaz e
Info rmati o n
N o rmativ e Reco l l ecti o n
Rep r e ssiv e E ntr y
Susp i c i o n
As s e m b l a g e s O f D o o r s
E xc hange
Insti tuti o nal Bui l di ngs
O bscuri ng The Co gni tiv e
Reta i l Sp a c e
Tactics
Ba s em e n t
E xp ort Ec onomy
Instruments
O bserv ers
Sac r e d Sp a c e
Testimony
Behavi ou r O f M is t r u s t
E xt rac t ion
Internati o nal Tradi ng
O bserv ed
Sce ne s
Th r e s h o l d An x i e t y
Borde r s
Fa i l e d To R e c a l l
Interro gati o n Ro o m
Occupant & Perpetrator
Sche m a
Tr a d e P a r t n e r
Bou n d a r i e s
Fav o u r s
Intra-Co nti nental
O mni present Threat
Secur e And Ac c e ssi b l e
Tr a d e r Ac c e s s
Bu rg l a r Ba r s
Fe a r
Inv i tati o nal Thresho l ds
O n D i spl ay
Secur e Sp a c e
Tr a d i n g P o s t
CCTV Ch i n e s e Tra d in g P o s t s Chore o g r a p hy
(In)Secu re
Lexi con
Tr a n s c e n d e n c e Tr a n s i e n t Tr av e l l e r
Ci n em a t og r a p hy
Fe a r An d C r i m e
Iso l ati o n
O rgani se Sp ati al
Secur i ty G ua r d
Tr u s t
Ci tiz e n r y
Fo r d s b u r g
Jo urney
Exp eri ence
See ki ng Justi c e
Tr u s t - D e f i c i t
Cognitive Science
Fo r m i d a b l e E n t r y
Layered Curtai n
O utsi der
See ki ng Op p o r tuni ty
Tr u s t w o r t h i n e s s
Concealed
Fo r t i f i c a t i o n
Layered Thresho l ds
Pano pti co n
Ser v i c e Lo b b y
Tr u t h
Constitution Hill
Fo r t s
Legal Status
Parano i a
Ser v i c e To C i ti ze ns
Underground Society
Constraint
F ragm ent ed
Li mb o
Perfo rmance
Ser v i c e s And Sup p l i e s
Unr av e l l i ng G a p s
Conviction
F ront D o or
Lo ans
Perv asiv e
Set D e si g n
Ur b a n Fo r m
Corne r S h o p Ty p o l o g y
Gat es
Lo bbi es & Passages
Pl etho ra O f Gates
Sho p F r o nt
Vi o l e n t I n t r u s i o n
Creat ive E x pr e s s io n
Gaz e
Lo cal Real Estate
Po rts O f Entry
Si gn-In Fo r m s
Vi s a Co n d i t i o n
Cu l tur a l O r der
Generosit y
Logistics
Power Relationships
Si te s Of E nc o unte r
Vo y e u r i s t i c L e n s
D efence
Guards
Infrastructure
Priv ate Ho me
So ci a l R e l a ti o nshi p s
Vu l n e r a b i l i t y I n d e x e s
D efine The Journey
Hedonism
Magi strate’ s Co urt
Protective Elements
So ci a l Tr a nsa c ti o ns
Vu l n e r a b l e
Diver s e N e t w o r k s
Hierarc hy Of P lac e
Manual
Publ i c-Faci ng
So ve r e i g n Te r r i to r y
Ne i g hb o ur ho o d s
D omestic Exp eriences
Hillbrow
Markets
Re-enactment
State Of P a r a no i a
Wa t c h To w e r
D r a ma t i s e
Hom e
Medi ati ng Ro l e
Re-O rgani se
Pre ssur e Or Tr aum a
W i tne sse s
38
39
Tran saction s:
M a ny e x c i t i n g t h i n g s h a p p e n a c r o s s a line on a plan: denoting a moment of suspension between inside and o u t s i d e , r i s k a n d o p p o r t u n i t y. I nv e s t i g a t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g s e c u r i t y
Markets &
reveal in certain instances an acute c o g n i s a n c e o f t h o s e p r o d u c t iv e lines or thresholds through which trade and interaction are promoted or arrested. Shop fronts become
Opportu n ity
borders, borders become shop f r o n t s a n d mu c h o p p o r t u n i t y i s aligned to the bristliness of this bounding membrane. Spanning a mu l t i t u d e o f s c a l e s , f r o m t r a c i n g intra-continental trade flows a n d n a t i o n a l t r a d e p o l i c y, t o observing the occupation of a store
K e n n e dy C h i k e r e m a , M 2 Co r n e l S c h o o m b e e , M 2 Aj i t M i s t r y, M 2
front, or denoting a moment of a ‘ p e e p ’ t h r o u g h a d r aw n c u r t a i n , i nv i t a t i o n s i n t o a l t e r n a t e w o r l d s and economies if for a brief moment crystallised and rendered visible...
40
41
Hostile Spaces I mmigran t s
Sta tus M o t io n D e t e c t o r s
I n f o r mat io n Ar r iv a l
E x cha ng e
Neutral Zones
I n s t it u t io n al B u ild in gs
Supply - Cha in
E x p or t Economy
R ela tio nship To Ho m e
E x tr a cti on I n t e rn at io n al Trad in g B o r ders
Routes
R eta il Sp a ce
B o u ndaries I n t ra- Co n t in e n t al
Tr a d e P a r t n e r Tr a d e r Ac c e s s
C h inese Tra di ng Posts
KennedyCh i kerema
Se cure
Tr a d i n g P o s t
An d Ac c e s s i b l e
C i t i z enry
Tr a n s i e n t Tr av e l l e r
I ndivi dua l
Journey
P r oje cti on s S e e king O pp o rtunity L e gal S t at u s
O u t s id e r
L imb o
Unrav e lling Ga ps S e rv ice s And Supplie s
Urb a n Fo rm
S ho p Fro nt
Vi s a Co n d i t i o n
C u lt ural Or der D efine The Journey
L o gis t ic s In f ras t ru c t u r e
D iv erse Networks
P o r t s O f E n t ry H i e r a r chy Of Pl a ce M ark e t s
E mergent Tra deP l et ho ra
S o v e re ig n Te rrito ry H om e Affa i r s
42
43
90 Day Port An Intra-Continental Emporium
30°E
28°E
CA
BYO
20°S
20°S
GOODS TAKEN TO FORMAL, INFORMAL AND ONLINE MARKETS
T
ACCIDENT HOTSPOT km n 126 32 mi 1hr
+15 mins R130/ BUS
C GWA 1 km 32 r 44 3h m in 7k m 19 hr 19 2
min +15 mins R130/BUS
9 0 d ay s c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e v i s a w i n d o w o f a Z i m b a b w e a n t r av e l e r into South Africa. Dissection of the
+15 mins R130/BUS R 200 BRIBE: BACK DATING AND GOODS CLEARANCE/ TRADER
22°S
T
B.B
AME
MAROI CARRIAGE FEE R200
B
413 km 4hr 52 min
describes the dislocated intentions
537 km min 6hr 19
859km 9hr 48min
of a higher-order of legislation and
TAX:40% OF VALUE OF GOODS IMPORT BAN PERMIT/ VISA 17 000 PEOPLE DAILY x246 BUSES +4-24 hrs
VAT TAX RETURN:22% OF VALUE OF GOODS
22°S
ZIM RSA
T
LT 201 2hr km 16 min
i n s o m e w ay s a c c i d e n t a l ly e n a b l i n g
C +15 mins R50/BUS
220 km 2hr 44 min
Kennedy Chikerema
S o u t h A f r i c a n I m m i g r a t i o n Ac t
+15 mins R50/BUS 801 km 9hr 22 min
transaction-practice on the ground,
801 km 8hr 22 min
108 1hr km 18 mi n
ACCIDENT HOTSPOT
a n d i n o t h e r f o r m a t s b e i n g t o t a l ly disregarded and subverted,
T
+15 mins R50/BUS
unbeknown to people on the ground.
POL
+30 mins
T h i s p r o j e c t t r a c e s t h e s u b v e r s iv e
24°S
and ancillary trade flows of cross
C
24°S
T
b o r d e r t r a d e , s p e c i f i c a l ly a s i n l e t and outlet from Johannesburg to
T
25 3h 9 km r 12 min
B u l aw ay o , Z i m b a b w e . T h e s t u dy
32 3hr 0 km 16 min
s t r a d d l e s a mu l t i t u d e o f s c a l e s a n d m o d e s o f i nv e s t i g a t i o n , f r o m broader mapping gazes to detailed studies of how these goods are traded in a shop front in the CBD.
T
HAM
THE TRADER ROUTE
T
PTA TICKETS R450 +10 mins
26°S
26°S
Map showing the current state and conditions of the
HIJACK HOTSPOT
A
JHB
CARRY FEE R300 - R600 VAT TICKETS R900 ACCOMODATION R450
GOODS R 1 000 - R 8000: COOKING OIL BEDS BUIDLING COMPONENTS MAYONNAISE CLOTHING FURNITURE
HARRASSMENT AND XENEPHOBIA
journey from Johannesburg to Bulawayo 28°E
44
30°E
45
Kennedy Chikerema
THE TROJAN BUS Collapsed section of carried goods within a volume of a bus, crossing the Zim-SA border.
46
ACTS OF MIGRATION Interrogation of South African Immigration Act against lived realities and emerging trade opportunities on the ground
47
Kennedy Chikerema
90-DAY CIRCUIT Revealing flows of Zimbabwean-aligned cross-boarder trade, and its supporting value chains. in Johannesburg CBD.
48
49
Kennedy Chikerema
CROSS BORDER IN A SHOP FRONT Typological study of the typical spaces in which cross-border goods and services are sold, often exemplifying means to secure means for somewhat alternate forms of trade, which may work against broader regulatory frameworks.
50
51
Kennedy Chikerema
CROSS-SECTION, CROSS PROGRAMME SERIES Speculation of the conflation of two seemingly unrelated territories, or super-programmes into one cross-bordertrade-related system or conglomeration.
52
53
M ar k e t s
So cia l Tra nsa ctio ns
M e d iat in g R o le Al t e r O u r P e r c e p t i o n
Ar r iv a l
P ublic- Fa cing E ve r yday
H o s t An d V is it o r
E x cha ng e
Immigran t s
E x p or t Economy
M o n o p o lis at io n O f S p ac e
Sta tus
In f o r mat io n
Bo u nd aries Fo r d s b u r g O b s e rv e rs
R e ta il Sp a ce
Th r e s h o l d
Cornel Sc hoomb ee
C it i z enry Concealed
Tr a d i n g P o s t Tr a n s c e n d e n c e
Constitution Hill
Inv it at io n al Th r e s h o l d s
S ecure And Acce ssible
Tr av e l l e r Tr u s t
Co r ner Shop Typ ology
O n D is p lay L ay e re d C u r t ain
C u l t ural Or der
L ay e re d Th re s h o ld s F r on t D o or
L e gal S t at u s
S ee king O pp o rtunity O u t s id e r
D iv erse Networks
S erv ice s And Supplie s
Urb a n Fo rm
G e n e r os i ty L o c al R e al E s t at e
S h o p Fro nt
H i e r a r chy Of Pl a ce
S i te s O f Enco unte r Power Relationships
54
55
Drawing the Social Curtain Trading Posts and Corner Refuge Rigorous ethnographic studies o f a c o r n e r s h o p i n Fo r d s b u r g permits us access into a world of Cornel Schoombee
incredible sustenance, enabled b y t h e t h i c k n e s s o f p hy s i c a l a n d social thresholds which bound these spaces. The project works t h r o u g h t h e mu l t i p l e s p a t i a l f o r m s of ‘trade post’ and its meaning within an urban and architectural e nv i r o n m e n t . T h e c o r n e r s h o p i n Fo r d s b u r g i s i n t e r p r e t e d a s a trade post, supporting the social and practical needs of a t r av e l e r ( n o m a d i c m e r c h a n t ) i n J o h a n n e s b u r g . U l t i m a t e ly a programme is offered to provide s h e l t e r, p r o t e c t i o n a n d r e s o u r c e s t o m o v e o nw a r d s o n t h e i r r e s p e c t iv e j o u r n e y. T h e l ay e r e d t h r e s h o l d – S o c i a l C u r t a i n – i s au g m e n t e d t o e n a b l e a n d p r o t e c t t h e t r av e l e r in their use these welcoming and enabling spaces. MERCHANT OF VENERATION Speculation to recognize the colossal scale and importance of the unnoticed trade-flows in Johannesburg to that of the stature of medieval Venice. 9
56
57
A-E-P 02
B-C-O 05
B-C-A 02 B-S-P 02
B-C-A 01
B-S-E 01
A-E-P 02
A-S-E 01
A-E-O 02
B-C-A 03
B-C-O 05
A-S-O 02
A-S-A 03
A-S-A 03
A-S-O 01
A-E-O 02
Cornel Schoombee
A-E-A 02
A-E-G 01 A-S-P 02
A-C-E 02
B-S-G 01 A-E-G 02
A-E-P 03 A-S-A 02
A-C-A 01
A-E-O 03
B-S-A 02
A-C-A 01 A-C-G 01
A-C-O 01
A-C-E 01
B-S-O 02 B-C-P B-C-G 01 01 B-C-E 01 B-C-O 04
B-S-P 01
A-C-P 01
A-C-O 01
A-E-G 01
A-C-G 01
B-E-O 03 B-E-O 02
B-E-A 03
A-E-P 03
B-S-A 02 B-E-A 03
B-C-O 01
B-C-O 02
B-S-O 03 B-S-O 02
B-C-O 01
B-E-P 01 B-S-A 03
A-C-P 02
A-C-P 02
B-S-O 04 B-E-O 01
B-E-A 01
B-E-E 01
B-E-G 01 A-C-A 01
A-C-A 01
B-S-O 01
B-S-O 01
B-C-O 03
B-S-P 01
B-S-A 04 A-E-O 01
B-E-A 02 B-S-A 01 A-E-A 01 A-E-O 04
A-S-P 01
A-C-P 02
A-E-E 01 A-E-P 01
A-S-A 04
A-C-A 02
A-S-A 01
SIGNING OF THE CHEQUE, PLAN A business deal takes place at the Alhambra Restaurant, Fordsburg.
BARBER BACKSTAGE Mapping of ethnographic interactions within the space, including depiction of tea and softlyplaying radio as social diffuser. Customer can ask about advise about where is best to stay, or exchange his foreign currency.
58
59
Cornel Schoombee
A-E-E 01 Menu required by patron, as well as clarification of certain menu items, according to prerequisite “knowledge” A-E-O 04, A-E-G 01, A-E-G 02
A-C-E 01 Requires group seating A-C-O 01
A-S-E 01 Hatch causes isolation of cook by design and specific request of customers and patrons A-S-A 03
Specific food and drinks are ordered and consumed A-C-G 01
Understanding required between two parties of the menu items ordered continually A-C-G 03
A-S-A 01
A-E-A 03
A-C-A 01
A-E-O 02
A-E-E 01
A-C-A 02
A-E-O 01 A-E-P 01
A-E-A 01
A-S-P 01 Standing Deliberately mono-ethnic Customer-dependent communication needed Spatial authority
A-E-G 02
A-C-P 01
A-C-P 02 A-C-G 01
A-E-O 04
A-E-P 01 Seated Possibly multi-cultural Prerequisite “knowledge” needed Social authority
A-C-E 02
A-S-A 02
A-S-P 01
A-S-A 04
A-S-O 01
A-C-A 01
A-C-E 01
A-C-P 01 Influential community member Owner of restaurant Social, spatial & economic authority Cultural interests
A-E-P 03
A-S-A 03 A-S-P 02 A-E-A 02
A-S-P 01
A-S-E 01
A-E-G 01
A-C-G 03
A-E-P 02
A-E-P 02
A-E-O 03
A-C-O 01
A-C-P 02 Members of business association Social authority Common interests Mono-ethnic
A-S-P 01 Physically included Culturally included Psychologically included Spatial authority
A-E-P 02 Physically isolated Culturally isolated Psychologically isolated Subservient
SINGING OF THE CHEQUE, SECTION A business deal takes place at the Alhambra Restaurant, Fordsburg
60
61
Cornel Schoombee
ABOVE: DE-CONSTRUCTED THICKNESS OF A SHOP FRONT Describes the multiple tectonic, social and economic layers that contribute to the bristliiness and productiveness of the lively corner shop exterior at Jupiter Trading, Fordsburg.
RIGHT: DEVELOPMENT OF INTER-RELATIONAL TYPOLOGIES, OR ‘PIXELS’ Ritual, furniture and agents in a space contribute significantly to the ability for space to welcome, accommodate and support arrival of migrants in the city.
62
63
in
M ee
tr
tS Li lia
n
N
go
yi
R
oa
d
t in
M ee
tr
tS
Cornel Schoombee
Li
lia
n
N
go
yi
R
oa
d
t
ABOVE: THRESHOLDS INTO THE CITY Various programmes hidden behind seemingly inert shop-fronts and façades actually support an incredible amount of life and survival to newcomers to the city, through the offering of food, currency exchange tellers, child-minding service centres, and clothing shops.
RIGHT: INTEGRATION OF PASSIVE AND ACTIVE ‘PIXELS’ New, hyper-layered forms of trade and exchange are imagine, in an inert single-programme space which transforms into a multi-functional support system, sited at Jupiter Trading.
64
65
Surv e illa nce Al t e r O u r P e r c e p t i o n An t i c i p a t i o n
R e ta il Sp a ce E x a m i ni ng G a z e
O b s e rv e rs
E x cha ng e
O b s e rv e d
S c e ne s
Occupant & P e r p e t rat o r I nv it at io n al Th r e s h o ld s
Tr a n s c e n d e n c e O n D is p lay
Bo u nd aries
L ay e re d C u r t ain
S ecurity Gua rd S ee king O pp o rtunity
O u t s id e r C CTV Th r e s h o l d
Aj it Mistry
Underground So ciety
C in e m at o g ra phy Urb a n Fo rm Concealed
P e r f o rman c e S h o p Fro nt
Vo y e u r i s t i c L e n s
S i te s O f Enco unte r
Vu l n e r a b l e
Gaze Power Relationships H e don i s m
Wa t c h To w e r
C u l t ural Or der
Witne sse s H i l l br ow
P u b lic - Fac in g M it igat e R is k M it igat in g D an ge r
H os t An d V i s i tor Hostile Spaces
66
R e - O r gan is e
S t a te s O f Risk
R e f le c t io n s & M irro r s
S t e a dy O bse rv a tio n S u bv e rt
67
Window of Spectacle Occupying the Veil This project argues that s u r v e i l l a n c e , w h e t h e r p a s s iv e o r a c t iv e , i s a p r i m a r y i n s t r u m e n t of securitisation and a particular form of gaze. Gaze by definition Ajit Mistry
r e f e r s t o a n i n t e n s e a n d s t e a dy observation. The subjects of the gaze, the medium through which the gaze is facilitated and territory t h r o u g h w h i c h i t p l ay s i t s e l f o u t are variables. The gaze, in relation to architecture, has the capacity to wield great control. T h i s s t u dy i nv e s t i g a t e s t h e opportunity prescribed by power relationships set up between viewer and subject, to h a r n e s s t h r o u g h e v e r y - d ay g a z e r e l a t i o n s h i p s a l t e r n a t iv e r e a d i n g s and formats of the spaces the gaze produces, in contemporary Johannesburg. OUTSIDE, IN SERIES Photographic documentation exploring the consequences of light, windows and veils, on either side of the window in a suburban setting.
68
69
LEFT: SCENES FROM A WINDOW Ajit Mistry
The window is studied as a device which produces social life both privately and publicly, through gazes, window positioning, light difference and veiling elements.
ABOVE: WINDOWS & POWER Manoeuvres and additions to normative structure of the gaze in order to create power dynamics between viewer and subject
ABOVE: PEEP, GLIMPSE, STARE AS TIME ARCHITECTURES
70
Measurement of the temporal nature of varying modes of the gaze, and the spaces they produce.
71
Ajit Mistry
LEFT: THE GAZE SOCIETY Exploration concerning the production of a society through how we observe and are observed, sited along Pretorius Street, Hillbrow.
RIGHT: WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY Depiction of a sexwork proliferation on a particular corner, and how it is both capitalizing on the gaze, but also made vulnerable by it.
72
73
Window of Spectacle Ajit Mistry
RIGHT: FALLING VIEWS OF POWER DYNAMICS Through the gaze of the architect, relational dynamics of hierarchy, power and opportunity are re-arranged to exaggerate hyper-gaze markets.
74
75 Visual Fortification
Domesti city:
T h e h o m e d r aw s a p a r t i c u l a r interest within the Unit’s e x p l o r a t i o n s l ay i n g b a r e t h e qualities of some of most intense experiences of vulnerabilities in
Paranoia &
o u r c i t y. D o m e s t i c l i f e e nv e l o p s intimate practices and objects, those which are held most dear and a r e a t t h e c e n t r e o f o u r l iv e s . T w o projects in the unit describe and
Trust
critique the incredible paranoia that accompanies the idea of protection of the home in certain s u b u r b s o f t h e c i t y, w h i c h b e c o m e crystallised through space and architecture in almost militarylike thresholds. Another project, c o nv e r s e ly b o r r o w s o n s o f t e r
Ad a m O s m a n , M 2 R u a n d e n D r i j v e r, M 2 B i n ay k a R a m a , M 2
trust-architectures offered in the welcoming of home as those f o u n d i n Fo r d s b u r g , t o r e - i m a g i n e t h e o f t e n u nw e l c o m i n g e n t r y c h o r e o g r a p hy o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l entities such those in at Home Affairs offices.
76
77
E s ca p e H ou s e Al a r m e d
H o me
E s ca p e Rou te s
P rotective Elements M it igat e R is k M it igat in g D an ge r
An t i c i p a t i o n
E ve r yday
Ar m e d An d D i s a r m e d
M o d e s O f Fo rt if ic at io n Hostile Spaces
Ar r iv a l
R efle ctio ns And In c re me n t in g E v id e n c e
M o t io n D e t e c t o r s
Sta te s O f Risk
M irro rs Ste a dy O bse rv a tio n
Fe a r Bu r glar Bars
In s t ru me n t O f
R ela tio nship To Ho m e
S e c u r it is at io n
R em o te Co ntro ls
Fe a r An d C r i m e
Surv e illa nce Suspicio n
C CTV
Tactics Fo r m i d a b l e E n t r y Th r e s h o l d
Occupant And
Ada m Osman Fo r t i f i c a t i o n
P e rp e t r at o r
Fo r t s
O mn ip re s e n t Th r e at Jo u rn e y
F r a m e wor k Of T hou g h t F r on t D o or
D efine The Journey
G a te s
S e cure Sp a ce
L ay e r e d Th r e s h o ld s
F r aug ht W i th Anx i e ty D efence
S e cure And Acce ssible
O u t s id e r P ar an o ia Urb a n Fo rm
D omestic Exp eriences
Vi o l e n t I n t r u s i o n
D r a m at ise
P le t h o ra O f G at e s M anu al
Es c a p e And Rea cti on 78
Vu l n e r a b i l i t y I n d e x e s P riv at e H o me
Vu l n e r a b l e 79
The Escape House Dismantling Domestic Forts Fe a r a n d c r i m e h av e c o m e t o s h a p e o u r d o m e s t i c e x p e r i e n c e s i n w ay s that defy comprehension. This work contributes to the understanding o f d e f e n s iv e d o m e s t i c t a c t i c a n d Adam Osman
a r c h i t e c t u r e s t h r o u g h t h e s t u dy o f houses in vulnerable neighborhoods t h a t h av e u n d e r g o n e e x t r e m e modes of fortification. Through documenting the often-times obligatory forces that contribute to this suburb-wide phenomena, as well as risk and opportunity as seen through the various personas in the space (ranging from occupant t o b u r g l a r ) , t h e p r o t e c t iv e e l e m e n t s and manoeuvres towards a p hy s i c a l , c r y s t a l l i z i n g a n d dy s t o p i c e nv i r o n m e n t . T h i s i s u n p a c k e d a n d a n e x t e n s iv e l e x i c o n f o r t h i s is developed. Notions of refuge, escape and subversion are offered as architectural counterparts t o d i s m a n t l e t h i s s e e m i n g ly perpetuating phenomena.
DEFENSIVE TACTICS LEXICON: Production of the multitude of gates, burglar bars, doors and other security barriers found in a domestic setting in Laudium, Pretoria.
80
81
Adam Osman
ABOVE: TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES Imagined choreography of intruder and defence tactic of occupant.
RIGHT: BURGLAR PROOFING SITING
Analysing the multiple layers of security used for protection in the domestic setting
82
83
Adam Osman
POINT OF VIEW 3D culmination of perspectives that highlight the intruders perspective of the home security measures
84
85
°
60
1D 1C
°
60
1B
Adam Osman
1A
1E
THE SMASHER Study into versions of the suburban burglar: in this case, he or she is characterised by aggressive and impulsive behaviour
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
THE PROWLER Characterised as seasoned criminals looking to work their way up.
WATCHTOWER Study of the subtle changes in domestic spaces that allow for maximum surveillance
86
87
Adam Osman
ABOVE: PATCH: Speculative collage looking to dismantle the politics and mind-set of suburban fortification practices.
88
Cumulative case file comprising of forensically measured systems, observations, interviews and speculations of the notion of domestic forts in the city.
89
R e la tio nship To Ho m e Al a r m e d Al t e r O u r P e r c e p t i o n An t i c i p a t i o n
Tactics E ve r yday
An x i e t y
Th r e s h o l d An x i e t y
Ar m e d An d D i s a r m e d
O b s e rv e d
S c e ne s
Ar r iv a l Tr a n s c e n d e n c e O n D is p lay Fe a r Bu r glar Bars
J o u rn e y L ay e re d Th re s h o ld s
C CTV C h o reography
Th r e s h o l d
C in e m at o g ra phy
Fo r t i f i c a t i o n
Ruan den Drijver
Fo r t s
Urb a n Fo rm P aran o ia
Concealed
F r on t D o or
P e r f o rman c e
S et D e sig n
G a te s
G ua r ds
Ne ig hb o urho o ds P r iv at e H o me
Wa t c h To w e r
P r o t e c t iv e E l e m e n t s S t a te O f Pa ra no ia D efine The Journey
H om e
R e - e n ac t me n t R e - O r gan is e
D omestic Exp eriences
H or r or Movi e
D r a m at ise
H os t An d V i s i tor Hostile Spaces
90
M o d e s O f Fo r t if ic at io n R e f le c t io n s & M irro r s S u bv e rt
91
The Arrival Transcendence of Threshold Anxiety T h e p e r c e iv e d a n d r e a l d a n g e r t h a t i s p r e s e n t u p o n a r r iv a l a t
one’s home has resulted in rituals o f e n t r y b e i n g h i g h ly c u r a t e d
to mitigate risk and ensure our Ruan den Drijver
s a f e t y. T h i s i n c l u d e s a p l e t h o r a
of gates, burglar bars, key pads, CCTV, security guards, motion
detectors and remote controls. This
p r o j e c t w i l l s t u dy a n d d o c u m e n t t h e spatial and experiential make-up of t h r e s h o l d s a n d t h e a c t o f a r r iv i n g at one’s home that generate great anxiety in Johannesburg. This
state of paranoia and anticipation is likened to the scenes of a
horror movie. A defined series of
t a c t i c s , c o nv e n t i o n a l ly u s e d b y t h e
cinematographer of a horror movie, are used to exaggerate and curate
the home-coming experience. Stage sets are designed to choreograph a moment of transcendence that
highlight the acts of subverting, overcoming or reacting to The
NIGHTMARE ON 6TH STREET Capturing and exaggerating the sense of dread and terror that is experienced by the resident when standing in front of the gate to her house.
A r r iv a l .
92
93
Specifications:
Ruan den Drijver
200° door viewer Suitable for wooden external doors Available in: Polished brass and chrome
(TH.5.) Approaching Front Door Slows Down 2km/s 5sec 5m
(TH.4.) Walking to House Medium pace 3km/h 9sec 20m
(TH.3.) Unlocking Locks Stationary 0km/h 7sec 1m
(TH.2.) Reaching for Keys Slows Down 2km/h 4sec 5m
Specifications: 1:1 wired audio intercom system Powered by 220V AC (mains cable on handset) Grey gate station connects to handset via two core cable Gate release function from handset provides 12V DC output 3.
Specifications: 65mm wide Stainless Steel Rosette Satin Silver finish Brass cylinder and keys Fixed latch 60mm backset Suitable for doors 35 - 45mm thick Key / push button operation 2.
Specification:
(TH.1.) Walking Fast pace 5km/h Unknown Travel Time Unknown Distance
This deadbolt has key access from both sides of the door Stainless Steel body Brass cylinder and keys Adjustable bolt (60/70mm backset) Suitable for doors 35-45mm thick 1.
Specifications: Galvanised lock case Forend finish: Brass plated Laminated deadbolt 5 pin chrome plated euro profile cylinder
FALSE DOOR The original front door in Melville is hidden from the street by the high walls which have been built subsequently for security. Therefore, many people have decided to create and decorate a new entrance to open up onto the street to be more welcoming.
THRESHOLD ANXIETY, THRESHOLD MELVILLE Time-limited depictions made in the dark, of the various thresholds on a Melville Street, which, during the process of entry, afford a period of fear through anticipation and the fear of the unknown.
94
95
FIELDS OF PARANOIA
Unseen thresholds, and semi-present surveillance is observed
mapped at a corner shop in Glenhazel, depicting a palpable sense
97
Threshold 1 Threshold 2 Threshold 3
Lim
2°
it6
25°
7.6m
0.45m
1.2m
3.6m
0°
25°
l ua Vis
35°
2° it6 Lim
OS.03-Lady locks doors as she aproaches the traffic circle
Personal Space
SS
IS
IS
PS SS
b Pu
lic
S
RW.01-Guard looks when cleaner slams open garbage can GR.05-Lady grabs onto handbag when crossing the street PC.01-CAP Patrolling PG.03-Received call and returns
IS
Personal S
PS
SS
Personal S
PS
Ruan den Drijver
GR.04-Checking me out PC.03-CAP
GR.09-Just checking
OS.04-Arguing
GR.00-Glen Resident
OS.00-Outsider
RW.00-Worker
PC.00-Patrol Car
SG.00-Security Guard
GR.02-Leaves windows open OS.02-Goes back to check if doors are locked GR.07-Stop to chat to guard GR.06-Pointing out car owner PC.02-Changing routes SG.01-Cross over to Sam SG.01-Returning to station GR.08-Leave dog with Sam SG.03-Guards chat
GR.01- Side Stepping
35°
al
Edward T. Hall.
Public Space
Vis u
Social Space
of hyper-alertness in the seemingly open accessible streets. Intamate Space
96
Ruan den Drijver
JUMP SCARE A: NON-DIRECTIONAL: The predictability of the path you walk to your front door makes it easy for a criminal to hide and surprise you. Blind spots are created by the walls. Implementing the maze confuses the intruder and he does not know how you will reach your door but the owner know the path which gives him the upper hand
JUMP SCARE B Horror film tactic, similar to those used in The Conjuring are subverted and turned on their head to
98
empower the occupant by re-programming the power-dynamics of the fear experience.
99
Ruan den Drijver
THEATRICS OF SECURITY Exploration through methods used in stage design to houses in Johannesburg as a new approach to security in architecture, utilising concepts of perspectival and ocular tricks, lighting curation, as well as choreographic sequencing of agents into the space
SET DESIGN STUDY
to circumnavigate threshold anxiety experiences upon entry.
100
101
H o me
M e d iat in g R o le
H o me Af f air s
P rotective Elements
So cia l Tra nsa ctio ns
P ublic- Fa cing
So v e re ig n Te rrito ry
Al t e r O u r P e r c e p t i o n
Ar r iv a l
E ve r yday
H o s t An d V is it o r
E x cha ng e
Immigr an t s Sta tus
Behaviour Of Mi strust Bo r d ers
In s t it u t io n al B u ild in gs Fav o u r s
R e la tio nship To Ho m e
Fo r d s b u r g Th r e s h o l d
Bi n ayka Ra m a
C it i z enry
Tr a n s c e n d e n c e Inv it at io n al Th re s h o ld s Tr av e l l e r S ecure Sp a ce
Tr u s t Tr u s t - D e f i c i t Tr u s t w o r t h i n e s s
C u l t ural Or der
L e gal S t at u s
O u t s id e r
S ee king O pp o rtunity
Tr u t h
F r on t D o or S erv ice To Citiz e ns D iv erse Networks D omestic Exp eriences
Urb a n Fo rm G e n e r os i ty G ua r ds
S h o p Fro nt Power Relationships P riv at e H o me
102
103
Stranger Affairs Architectures of Trust
The Department of Home Affairs i s t h e n a t i o n a l f r o n t d o o r t o a ny person seeking entry into South Binayka Rama
A f r i c a . A s a n i n s t i t u t i o n , i t m ay be argued that it struggles to c r e a t e a n e nv i r o n m e n t o f t r u s t , sometimes raising notions of s u s p i c i o n ; a n d u n a p p r o a c h a b i l i t y. This project seeks to subvert the large institutional configuration of this port of entry towards something more domestic and akin to trustworthiness - the Home. The r o l e o f e v e r y d ay d o m e s t i c e l e m e n t s s u c h a s a f a m i ly p o r t r a i t , w e l c o m e mat, couch, grocery cupboard will be exploited to test the capacity to f a c i l i t a t e a t r u s t - w o r t hy s i t u a t i o n between a host and visitor - enable participation by affording a sense o f r e l a t a b i l i t y, l e s s a n o ny m i t y a n d acceptance into a larger cultural framework.
YIELDS TOWARDS TRUST-SPACE ECONOMIES Study in Fordsburg looking at soft-architecture and the characteristics to promote transaction - including diversity, exchange, engagement, safety, choice and innovation.
104
105
Binayka Rama
THE SOUND OF TRUST A series of scenes around a home in Marlboro are mapped; to describe logics of sound and the comfort or disturbance they contribute towards the atmospherics of trusting the state of play is safe.
106
107
WATERJUG_1 Lunch time Family Gathering
WATERJUG_1
DISH_2 Odd plastic dishes Different sizes Colours
SIEVE_5
WASHDISH_3 Preparation Water
BOTTLE_6
DRIPTAP_4 Sound Kitchen Forgetful SIEVE_5 Preparation Hung on hook Plastic Colour
DISH_2 WASHDISH_3
Binayka Rama
DRIPTAP_4
BOTTLE_6 Sunlight Detergent Squeeze bottle
CEILING_4
BARRIER_1 Temporary Uncomfortable FINISH_2 Grey Yellow Pastel Plain Generic Repetitive Sombre
SPEAKER_3 STRUCTURE_5
FINISH_2
WATERJUG_1 Gas stove knob has a clicking sound when turned on, sound of cooking in kitchen, announces that Mom is home.
SIEVE_5 Gas stove knob has a clicking sound when turned on, sound of cooking in kitchen, announces that Mom is home.
BARRIER_1
DISH_2
SPEAKER_3 Announces ticket number Effective Harsh tone Clear CEILING_4 Generic White Reflective
Gas stove knob has a clicking sound when turned on, sound of cooking in kitchen, announces that Mom is home.
BOTTLE_6 Gas stove knob has a clicking sound when turned on, sound of cooking in kitchen, announces that Mom is home.
WASHDISH_3 Gas stove knob has a clicking sound when turned on, sound of cooking in kitchen, announces that Mom is home.
STRUCTURE_5 Drywall Temporary
DRIPTAP_4 Gas stove knob has a clicking sound when turned on, sound of cooking in kitchen, announces that Mom is home.
DISSECTION OF HOME AFFAIRS, JHB In a similar method that employed the Bloodlight and Bami piece shown alongside, Department of Home affairs is unpacked to its spatial parts, describing the elements
PHOTO MONTAGE FROM BLOODLIGHT & BAMI (FIENNES, 2017)
which produce anonymity, discomfort and unwelcome atmospheres..
The domestic setting is extracted through nuances of a personal and private home. With special highlight on the spatial setting, sound around her home and focus on her family gathering, the photo montage looks to identity a lexicon of trustmaking architectures.
108
109
ENTRANCE_ Sliding door Reflective Glass Uncontrolled
CHECK-IN_ Point of acces Welcome Small scale Often missed Unseen
NOTICES_3 Temporary Peeling Added Unappealing
Binayka Rama
TRUST ARCHITECTURES, 1 TO 1 Speculation inserting the functions of institutional into that of the domestic, and the scale of furniture. The kitchen table becomes a reception desk, the clothes cupboard becomes a role player in identity and sovereignty.
110
111
Passages:
Fo r e n s i c a n a ly s i s o f t h e e n t r y sequence and transversal through spaces in our city has offered a particular set of projects which articulate means to mitigate risk
Navigation &
through movement practices. Programmes such as lobbies, corridors, passages and sidewalks become sites for enabling or disabling power and rights of
Tran scendence
t h e u s e r, a n d k n o w - h o w o f a set of codes enacted through proxemics, identity and speed become significant. Ideas around familiarity and social contracts are explored as adjacent informants to t h e n a t u r e o f n av i g a t i n g s p a c e i n Johannesburg. Understanding the
Kyle Hollis, M2 Olufolajimi Akinboboye, M1 Jiaxin Gong, M1 O l a s u m b o O l a n iy i , M 1
112
nature of these and the codes in which they articulated provide a basis for speculation on how power dy n a m i c s m ay b e c h a l l e n g e d , altered or subverted.
113
So cia l Tra nsa ctio ns P u blic- Fa cing H o s t An d V is it o r Hostile Spaces E x cha ng e
R e- O rg a nise M o n o p o lis at io n O f S p ac e Sta tus Neutral Zones
In s t it u t io n al B u ild in gs Bo u nd aries
Th r e s h o l d
Kyle Hol l is
C it i z enry Concealed
Inv it at io n al Th re s h o ld s Fo r t s F r a g m e n te d I ndivi dua l
Jo u rn e y L ay e r e d Th r e s h o ld s O u t s id e r
S e e king O pp o rtunity
F r on t D o or
S e rv ice Lo bby
G a te s
S e rv ice To Citiz e ns L o b b ie s An d P as s age s
Unrav e lling Ga ps Urb a n Fo rm
L o c al R e al E s t at e M agis t rat e ’ s Co u r t H i e r a r chy Of Pl a ce
114
Power Relationships
S ite s O f Enco unte r
115
The Service Lobby Making Public Institutions Public
This project examines the various depths, sites and personas that are able to gain access to various parts Kyle Hollis
of the courthouse. Leveraging off the research into thresholds, the p r o j e c t p r o p o s e s a S e r v i c e L o b b y, a s p a c e t h a t b r i n g s p hy s i c a l ly a n d s y m b o l i c a l ly t h e r aw w o r k i n g s and processes of the court to the public to develop a more direct relationship between state and citizen. Doors and passages become powerful devices that subvert power relationships of the institution to foster greater service a n d a c c o u n t a b i l i t y. T h i s p r o p o s a l will demonstrate the architectural capacity of state institutions to
116
PRECONDITION TO LAW
protect its self and citizens whilst
Study into the messaging systems used within threshold and entry architectures to the
b e i n g a c c e s s i b l e t o a d iv e r s i t y o f
to imbue a sense of power and withstanding presence. The court also has a skirt of
threats and needs.
history.
Johannesburg Magistrate�s Court, leaning on neoclassical and architectural antiquity, fencing around its perimeter, installed following a car-bomb attack in its more recent
117
Kyle Hollis
NEUTRAL ZONES
LOBBY AGENCY
118
119
Kyle Hollis
TRUE CORPORATE LOBBY Privilege of car use to participate in the corporate environment renders the street-pedestrianinterface-lobby somewhat redundant and speculates its presence as a form-making placeholder. Opportunity for re-appropriation of space is speculated.
STATE ARCHIVE
120
121
STATE OF SERVICE An exploration unpacking the
-Private work Space -Rentable Service
Post Processing | Conditioning
dynamic, interrelation and symbiotic relationship between dormant lobby space in the corporate setting, and the clip-on
-Common Threshold, Core usage creates nodes that overlap Agency dependencies
interaction with state or servicealigned functions.
-Medical Consultation -Visa Application -I.D. Renewal -Social Node from Lobby Gesture -Meeting Space -Ritual Space
-Private broadcasting -Edited Feed, Public Censored content
Broadcast | Live | Record
Kyle Hollis
-Common Threshold, Core usage creates nodes that overlap journey trajectoies, resulting in mixed agency spaces
Clinic | Registry | Hybrid Agent Bank | Mine | Info -Banking Access -Online Trade
Gesture | Trade
Security | Service Hybrid membrane
Access | Broadcast
Bank | Storage | Trade
Civic Archive Legal Aid | Info
Hybrid Service Agent
Terra forming Legal Aid | Consult
-Open public trade -Storage Access
-Archive Law Firm -Postal Service
- 60 Second Libraries - Network System - Education/ Information
- Ticket Processing - Virtual Mediation - Auto scheduling Court Broadcast | Live | Record
SERVICE LOBBY SYMBIOSIS
122
-Urban Public Environment -Environmental Adaption
123
Lobby | State Archive
Disrupt | Membrane Transparency 5.PPS
9. CON.SIG
10. DDIS.PAC
3.ED.SER
Kyle Hollis
8. SIG.INT
1. AD.REC 2. ED.RR
7. DDO.PAC
3. WD.REC
3.ED.SER 6.UP.Net
7.AAgent 4.Env.Adapt
2.FP.BC
4.Env.Adapt
3.ED.SER 4.Env.Adapt
6. SER.MA
1.SC.BC 4. PAC.DIS 5. PAC.REC
Service Brief #1 of 6:
Administration
With the advancements in technology the need for Paper services has become some what redundant, however there are still those services that require physical documentation within its operations, and is therefore critical to ensure the access to these services as part of a civic obligation to its citizenry. Requirements of Future Administration
- N.A.C (Navigation System Competency for Self Driven Vehicle) - Biometric Registration (Identification) - Service Maintenance (Part of tax system) - Zone Clearance (New world Visa) - Physical Confirmation Claim (Electronic Affidavit) - Broadcast Registration (Part of Rates System)
Restrictions: Due to the sensitivity and legality of the documentation, their are specific security implications that are required for the operation of these paper services.
124
With the incorporation of the Postal Service within the 96 Rivonia site, the relationship between the Host and Dependant becomes one that is mutually beneficial, as the host provides the necessary resources and securities for the Dependant to function, and the Dependant provides an on site delivery service that both benefits the primary program of the site (Law Firm) and brings external agents into the site. Prime Real estate Waste: By law all Law firms are required to keep hard copy backups of all their cases for a minimum of seven years. This poses issues within the current law firms as the space required to store these documents is often within the same site they operate from. The incorporation of the Drone postal service provides an opportunity for off site archiving and access via network systems and drone delivery. An off site Archiving system allows for more productive use of the expensive real estate, while using cheaper real estate for storage and Archiving.
Operational Guide: Core op. 1.Air Ducting Recycle 2.Electronic ducting Network and power 3.Water Ducting, Rain Water collectio n 4.Pacage dispatch 5.Package Reciving 6.Service Maintenance 7.Drone drop off 8.Tower controller 9.Condition Monitor 10.Drone collection
INSURGENT CIVIC PROGRAMME 2: STATE ARCHIVE Design provocation re-imagining administrative Symbiotic Consequence.
functions such as the postal service into a clip-on 11. Archive and real estate
entity to insert into ‘vacant’ corporate lobbies.
Service Brief #6 of 6:
Broadcasting INSURGENT CIVIC PROGRAMME 3: With the incorperation of a broadcasting service within the MEMBRANE TRANSPARENCY corporate lobby, the citizenry will have access to a remote
Self streaming has gained significant popularity throughout the world, and with this has grown certain risks that pose dangers to those who are broadcasting and viewing the content. What securities can be put in place when broadcasting? How is the access to broadcast governed?
location seperate from their private locations, and will provide
Design provocation offering and training and self-streaming education as risk preventative measure.
broadcasting capabilities: re-imagining the act of
Requirements for Broadcasting
Article Briefs:
“LIVE STREAMING: THE DANGERS OF
‘lobbying’ in the digital epoch. SELF-BROADCASTING” Elana Shalkowski
-Age Limits And Consents -Location Defusers -Training and Education -Registration to Broadcast and View content -Legal Liabilities
Restrictions: Due to the sensitivity of personal information and limited privacy controls the current systems are used with the risks of
“Regulating Content in Broadcasting, Media and the Internet: A Case Study on Public Understanding of their Role on Self-Regulation” Dr. Siti Zabedah Mohd Shariff Rohayu Kosmin
Operational Guide: Core op. 1. Source Camera 2. Focal Broadcast point 3. Electronic Duct service, Network 4. Environmental Adaption Element 5. Post Processing System 6. Network Connection Upload 7. broadcast Agent Symbiotic Consequence: Education, Exposure to site and Urban landscape, Prescibed viewers
125
M it igat in g D an ge r
E ve r yday
Sta te s O f Risk Hostile Spaces
Sta tus Neutral Zones
Ste a dy O bse rv a tio n
In f o rmat io n Surv e illa nce Bo r d ers
In s t ru me n t s
Bo u nd aries
Fe a r
Tactics O b s e rv e d
C CTV
R o ute s
Testimony
Occupant O mn ip r e s e n t Th re at
C h o reography
Th r e s h o l d
Ol ufolaj i m i Aki n boboye Jo u rn e y
Tr a n s c e n d e n c e Tr a n s i e n t Tr u s t
S ecure Sp a ce O u t s id e r
Urb a n Fo rm D efine The Journey S h o p Fro nt M anu al
Power Relationships S i te s O f Enco unte r
M it igat e R is k 126
P r o t e c t iv e E l e m e n t s
S o cia l Re la tio nships
P u b lic - Fac in g
S o cia l Tra nsa ctio ns 127
Thresholds of Familiarity A Spatial Mitigation of the Fear of the Unknown
BN02 BM02 BM03
BN01
BRP02 BN03
BRP03
BMR02
BN03
BM01
BN03: Beacon of Nostalgia (ENGEN DISPLAY BOARD) The display board is similar to display boards in actors home, and contributes to nostalgic feeling for actor.
GPS: 26°10’55.54”S 27°59’33.74”E Distance BM02 - 126.82m BM03 - 92.31m
ENGEN PAASAGE
GPS: 26°10’54.60”S 27°59’35.35”E Distance BN02 - 24.63m BN01 - 37.34m
BM01: Beacon of Memory (DROP OFF ZONE) Zone where actor escorts his friend brings memories of attempted mugging on both of them. justifying his cause to escort to a safe zone daily.
BRP01
BN01
BMR01
BMR01: Beacon of Mitigating Risk (TRAFFIC LIGHT) The traffic light is seen as an element that contributes to the level of paranoia of the actor. It controls the movement of vehicles which can be used for crime.
TRAFFIC LIGHT
GPS: 26°10’54.44”S 27°59’36.21”E Distance BMR02 - 5.88m BMR03 - 81.32m
BN02
BN02: Beacon of Nostalgia (TRAFFIC LIGHT) The similarity in the presence of traffic lights help remind the actor of a similar method of traffic control at home.
BN02 BMR01
BRP01 BM01
BN03
BMR02
SAFE ZONE TO SEE COLLEAGUE OFF BRP02
BN02 BN03
BMR01
BMR03
GPS: 26°10’54.26”S 27°59’36.31”E Distance BN02 - 11.28m BN03 -
BRP01
BRP03
BN01: Beacon of Nostalgia (GRAFFITI) This Beacon reminds actor of similar street art works in his country of birth, hence becoming a beacon of Familiarity.
BRP01
BRP03 WALKWAY USED REPEAETEDLY
BRP02
37.34m
BMR02
BRP02
BMR02: Beacon of Mitigating Risk (CHAMFERED WALL) The chamfered wall is an element that enables the actor to properly visualize traffic from the othe corner of the street as a tool to mitigate risk.
BRP02: Beacon of Repetition and Pattern (PASSAGE) This is a route used daily by the actor. Actor has become familiar with the Engen garage 4 staff, and feels comfortable using their passage most of the time.
BRP03
GPS: 26°10’54.26”S 27°59’35.15”E Distance BRP01 - 57.17m BRPO3 - 10.15m
BM01
BMR02 BMR01
Amidst a bustling, opportunist
BMR03
BM01
BOULDER ACTING AS BARRIER FOR VEHICLES CROSSING TO PEDESTRIAN
BMR03
BN04
TRADE ZONE SUYA SPOT BN02
CONTACT: DELIBERATE HAND SHAKE CHOICE OF GREETING WORDS
CAPO
6 Ft TALKER
BN04
BRP04: Beacon of Repetition and Pattern (BARBER SHOP) Actors regular use of this salon to get a haircut has become a repeated activity, allowing him develop a trust economy with the barber.
BN05: Beacon of Nostalgia (BARBERS SHOP) The players withiin this space have same nationality with actor. The interactions within this space are hinged on local dialect and greeting gestures.
BN05 BRP04
GPS: 26°10’50.39”S 27°59’33.96”E Distance BN03 - 135.07m BN04 - 48.84m
BN04: Beacon of Nostalgia (SUYA SPOT) This trade zone which is a food vendor holds similarities to meat trade zone in actors home commonly called suya spot especially with the use of rusted aluminum. GPS: 26°10’52.11”S 27°59’34.09”E Distance BN02 - 97.59m BN03 - 87.81m
TRADE ZONE -STORE LOCATED IN AN (IN)SECURE ENVIRONMENT -IT COST R20 MORE TO CUT A HAIRSTYLE HERE -MORE CUSTOMERS
GPS: 26°10’50.39”S 27°59’33.96”E Distance BRP03 - 114.47m BRPO2 - 123.15m
BN05
BN03
27°59'34"E
BN04 GIRL STYLIST
BN03
GPS: 26°10’52.35”S 27°59’34.20”E Distance BMR03 - 6.81m BMR02 - 79.36m
TRADE ZONE PAKISTAN SHOP
BM02
BRP02 BRP03
BRP04
BMR04: Beacon of Mitigating Risk (BOULDER) This landscape element is used to prevent vehicles from crossing into the pedestrian walkway. The actor sees this as a element to mitigate car muggings.
BM03
BM02: Beacon of Memory (PAKISTAN STORE) Memories from interview with Barber, on how the cigarette company was robbed while delivering to the pakistan shop brings memories while navigating the space. GPS: 26°10’51.52”S 27°59’34.32”E Distance BM01 - 126.82m BM03 - 37.52m
at a nearby shop front, and greets
BM02
BMR05 BM04
BM04
BM04: Beacon of Memory (CRIME SCENE) The actors interview with the barber helped reveal past criminal activities in the neigborhood. The memory of this lingers with the actor while navigating the space. GPS: 26°10’50.28”S 27°59’32.87”E Distance BM03 - 75.99m BM02 - 61.57m
POINT OF MUGGING OF SALOON CAPO
BM03
BM03
CRIME SCENE CREATED PATTERN
BMR06 BM05
the owner propped against the
27°59'33"E
BM04 BMR03
e n t r a n c e d o o r i n P i d g i n . S u d d e n ly,
BMR04
BM05
BM05: Beacon of Memory (MUGGING SPOT 02) Actors interaction with barber helped reveal occurences where the barber got mugged a street away from his salon. Memories of this prevents actor from navigating that space.
BMR04
BMR05
GPS: 26°10’49.69”S 27°59’34.26”E Distance BM03 - 93.31m BM02 - 51.47m
BMR05
h e ’ s i n . I n a s p a c e c o m p l e t e ly
BMR06
BMR05: Beacon of Mitigating Risk (CRIME SCENE) This crime scene is the spot where cigarette truck gets robbed by individuals who familiarized themselves with the pattern of delivery of the cigarettes. GPS: 26°10’50.28”S 27°59’32.87”E Distance BMR04 - 74.62m BMR03 - 78.65m
BMR06: Beacon of Mitigating Risk (MUGGING SPOT 02) Due to the familiarity established by the actor with the barber,he was able to extract information about the criminal activities that occured within these streets. GPS: 26°10’49.69”S 27°59’34.26”E Distance BMR05 - 43.03m BMR04 - 82.01m
BRP04
BN05
ANTICIPATED RESTAURANT BM06 VISIT BM05
BMR06
BRP05
BRP05: Beacon of Repetition and Pattern (BASKETBALL COURT) Actor uses the park twice a week as way of recreation and interaction with individuals withing a 1km radius to the park. GPS: 26°10’48.14”S 27°59’31.78”E Distance BRP04 - 92.33m BRPO3 - 204.18m
BMR05
DETOUR FROM REGULAR PATH WHEN THREATENED / AFTER 18HOO
f a m i l i a r ly, a r e f e r e n c e - p o i n t f r o m
BM06
BRP03
BN04
BM04
BM06: Beacon of Memory (ANTICIPATED RESTAURANT) Actor has been promised a date at this restaurant, memories of this discussion allows actor familiarize himself with the space in anticipation of the date. GPS: 26°10’48.09”S 27°59’32.74”E Distance BM04 - 71.59m BM05 - 63.96m
BMR07
BN06
WESTDENE PARK 4 PAYERS FEW CONVERSATIONS BASKETBALL COMMON LANGUAGE
BMR07: Beacon of Mitigating Risk (DETOUR) This is an alternative route used by the actor in situations where his regular path is threatned by suspiciuos movement or time factor (18h00) GPS: 26°10’47.58”S 27°59’32.77”E Distance BMR06 - 74.35m BMR05 - 80.46m
BN06: Beacon of Nostalgia (BASKETBALL COURT) The basketball court at the westdene park is a recreation facility used by the actor. This is similar to the recreational activities in his country of birth. GPS: 26°10’48.14”S 27°59’31.78”E Distance BN04 - 133.30m BN05 - 92.62m
BMR07
27°59'32"E
unknown, theres a beacon of
BN06 BRP05
which to chart the next steps.
FAMILIARITY ESTABLISHED WITH DOGS
BN07
Through describing their spatial
BN05 BN06
BRP05
BRP06
BN07
BN07: Beacon of Nostalgia (WOOF!) The use of pets (dogs) as forms of security and companionship is a common occurence in actors home. This creates the nostalgic feeling of his lifestyle. GPS: 26°10’46.49”S 27°59’32.43”E Distance BN04 - 129.16m BN05 - 54.32m
BRP07
BRP07: Beacon of Repetition and Pattern (3Secs Gate) The entrance into actors safe haven is a repeated activity done on a daily basis. it takes 3secs for the gate to open half way allowing the actor entry into his residence.
BLIND SPOT REGION FEW STREET LIGHTS GENERALLY AVOIDED AFTER 18H00 - 6H00
BRP06 BM07
GPS: 26°10’42.35”S 27°59’37.15”E Distance BRP06 - 161.35m BRPO5 - 227.59m
Source:Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
BMR07 BMR06
BM06 BM05
BMR08
BMR08: Beacon of Mitigating Risk (ENTRY TO HAVEN) This gate entrance into actors residence is an element that helps keep the actor safe within his safe haven. GPS: 26°10’42.35”S 27°59’37.15”E Distance BMR07 - 204.27m BMR06 - 232.59m
BRP05
BRP04
BMR08 BRP07
HOME SAFE REGION
BRP06
BRP06: Beacon of Repetition and Pattern (BLIND SPOT) This blind spot is a faster route to actors safe haven. The few street lights and lots of trees creates an fearful environment that makes the actor detour after 18h00.
BM07: Beacon of Memory (BLIND SPOT) Memories of friends narrating how people get attacked within this zone within dark hours prevents the actor from navigating the space after 18h00.
BM07
GPS: 26°10’45.55”S 27°59’32.06”E Distance BM06 - 87.58m BM05 - 147.73m
GPS: 26°10’45.55”S 27°59’32.06”E Distance BRP05 - 76.07m BRPO4 - 157.99m
soft, intangible characteristics
N
26°10'52"S
26°10'53"S
26°10'54"S
5 M
15 M
26°10'55"S
and abstract bounded space safe for trade, interaction and life,
FORTS OF MEMORY
enmeshed on the sometime hostile
and faces constitute a fragmented territory of
27°59'31"E
mechanisms of building a familiar
128
GPS: 26°10’52.52”S 27°59’34.12”E Distance BM02 - 37.52m BM01 - 92.31m
27°59'30"E
Olufolajimi Akinboboye
BM02
openings on the side walk. He stops
s t r e e t s o f t h e c i t y.
BM03: Beacon of Memory (MUGGING SPOT 01) This spot holds memories of attempted mugging on actor an his friends. Spot remains dreaded zone to actor.
BMR02
BMR04
and turns, forcing through gaps and
which announce a particular zone,
BM03
PATH TO MEMORY OF MUGGING ATTEMPT 1 20H45
BMR04
a N i g e r i a n s t u d e n t w i s t f u l ly t w i s t s
boundaries’ - those spaces with
BM02
BMR03: Beacon of Mitigating Risk (MUGGING SPOT 01) This spot is where actor was almost mugged by a vehicle with 3men. Actor was in company of fellow country men and was able to neutralize threat. GPS: 26°10’52.52”S 27°59’34.12”E Distance BMR02 - 81.99m BMR01 - 81.32m
BMR03 BM03
setting as downtown Johannesburg,
to reveal the notion of ‘unseen
BRP03: Beacon of Repetition and Pattern (WALKWAY) This is a regular walkway used by the actor. A repetition in the use of this walkway makes it a default path unconsciously. GPS: 26°10’53.94”S 27°59’35.10”E Distance BRP01 - 62.12m BRPO2 - 10.15m
27°59'35"E
BN01
GPS: 26°10’54.32”S 27°59’36.12”E Distance BMR01 - 5.88m BMR03 - 81.99m
t e r r i t o r y, O l u f o l a j i m i b e g i n s
GPS: 26°10’55.54”S 27°59’33.74”E Distance BRP02 - 57.17m BRPO3 - 62.12m
ENGEN GARAGE TRADE CONTACT FAMILIAR ZONE 5 MALE ATTENDANTS
STREET CORNER CHAMFERED END
GPS: 26°10’54.44”S 27°59’36.21”E Distance BN01 - 11.28m BN03 - 24.63m
WALL GRAFFITI
BN01
BRP01: Beacon of Repetition and Pattern (DROP OFF) This is a spot where actor escorts friend to on a daily basis to ensure she is safe enought to walk home.
27°59'36"E
BMR03
Moments of familiar emblems, signs, walls, language safe-passage.
129
ELEMENTS OF FAMILIARITY THAT PROVIDE ACCESS TO 11/2
11/2 NATIONALITY AGE
X2 ELEMENTS OF FAMILIARITY ALSO PROVIDE ACCESS ENCLAVE 02
SOCIAL INTEREST
Olufolajimi Akinboboye
THE KITCHEN AS A CONTACT POINT (CP 01) TO CREATE A TRUST ECONOMY THAT DEVELOPS FROM THE INTERACTIONS THAT OCCUR WITHIN THE SPACE
CP 02
CP 03
UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG HOUSE 11 POST GRADUATE ACCESS TO ENCLAVE 03
CP 04
5:00pm
EC 03
X 12 CP 03
CP 04
5:00pm
12noon
CP 01
8pm
CP 02
TP 01
TP 02
THE TOILET AS A CONTACT POINT HIGHLIGHTS THE VARIOUS TENSION POINTS (TP) THAT ARISE FROM THE INTERACTION THIS SPACE
Access to Bathroom
Occupants of these rooms have direct access to this bathroom
Occupants of these rooms have direct access to this bathroom
X2 7:00am
X2 TP 03
TP 04
EC 02
ACCESS TO ENCLAVE 02 WITHIN 24HRS -CLOSED 19HRS -HALF WAY OPEN 3HRS -WIDE OPEN 2HRS
11/6
11/5 EC 01 6:00am/5:30pm
ACCESS TO ENCLAVE 01 WITHIN 24HRS -CLOSED 21 HRS -HALF WAY OPEN 2 HRS -WIDE OPEN 1 HR
HOME Epicenter of intimate, known and familiar. Familiarity of owned objects, common friends and often used passages and amenities.
130
BODY & SKIN LANGUAGE
131
L02 26 12’01.91”S 28 03’00.97”E
SH03
26 12’02.37” S 28 03’04.14” E
SH02
C TE
26 12’03.41”S 28 03’01.67”E
FP02 FP01
.59m
A
67
60.78m
.26m
74
E01 SH04 26 12’05.26”S 28 03’04.28”E
BS
2
L01 F’
1
F
81.26m
S’01
R
82.42m
SH01
26 12’01.64” S 28 03’05.03” E
26 12’05.17”S 28 03’04.47”E
C .58m
53
E02 50
.53
m
26 12’03.63”S 28 03’05.70”E
m
SH05
18.86
Olufolajimi Akinboboye
S’02
13.91m
36.32m
S01 S’01
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 Meters
E
ESCAPE
FP
FOCAL POINT
A
ADVANCE
TE
TRUST ECOSYSTEM
L
LOCUS
F
FRIEND
R
RETREAT
F’
FOE
STREET MARKINGS
Easiest escape path
COORDINATES
Path for advance
BUILDING SHADOWS
Alternative escape route
BUILDING SHADOWS
Route for retreat
Antagonist
C
Protagonist
F_01 K_01
Interview conducted in English
Familiarty Box: Each box indicates the level of familiarity persona establishes in the ecosystem through, trade, pdigin, etc.
S’
Semi circles indicate a break in the circle of trust to engage in trade with street traders.
SH
Various safe houses established through the use of familiarity.
Locus points of decision making while navigating the street.
OL
Locations where oral language is used to navigate the ecosystem
BL
Locations where body language is used as a tool to navigate the ecosystem
BS
Point where various navigations end
F_02 K_02 F_03 K_03 F_04 K_04 F_05 K_05 F_06
Interview conducted in Pidgin
Soundscape indicates the use of music ,particularly by Nigerians to establish unseen boundaries. This boundaries are used as marketing tools to attract the right people and also create a familiar environment for Nigerians, allowing the feeling of nostalgia caused by familiar music. Myself as actor within this space was attracted to this music because i could identify with its sound, langaguage and origin.
S
K_06
Point where various navigations begin.
TERRITORY-MAKING 1
TERRITORY-MAKING 2
Development of unseen boundaries through
Street risk negotiations
un/recognizable languages and accents heard on a street.
132
133
CONSEQUENTIAL MANNERISMS
MHO1 Entrance to (La Louisaine tavern) unfamiliar location with only one entry and exit
ECO1 Major Hellstrom recognizes the unfamiliar accent
German lance corporal counting 1 to 3 in the german way. Boundary showing unseen borders of the german territory. In which unfamiliar mannerism such as an odd accent can be identified.
ECO2
Captain Hicox, 1st Lieutenant Wicki and Stiglitz being saluted after being identified by their uniform.
K15 SW01 K09
Olufolajimi Akinboboye
K10 Card name being played amongst enlisted soldiers as a bond to foster familiarity
Major Hellstrom proves his acute familiarity with accents by identifying 1st Lieutenant Wicki and Stiglitz calling them Lieutenant Munich and Frankfurt respectively.
K14 BT01
MAO1
K06
K11
K13 ECO2
Major Hellstrom who is skilled in german mannerism, creates a scenario that forces Captain Hicox to reveal the non-german method of counting 1 to 3 as a means to identify he is FOE.
ECO2 MHO3 LTS02
SW02
Major Hellstrom suggest the Card name game is played, this is to allow him study Captains Hicox’s behavior and pick out any unfamiliar attributes
MHO2
K05
K07
K12
K01 K04 LTS04
LTS03
K02
Major Hellstrom displays his indepth familiarity with german accent by calling both lieutenants by their home cities.
CH03 CH02
LTW02
K08 K03 BT02
LTW03 LTW04
Beethoven quciky salutes the officers without having to know their names, being familiar with the uniforms and the insignia
CH01 LTS01
LTW01
One way entry and exit into rendezvous death trap
KEY
MEANING Human Movement Positive identification Familiar accent Unfamiliar accent Account of resulant shooting Informal association
This drawing spatializes the famous INGLOURIOUS BASTERDS movie. The scene seleceted depicts the importance of familiarity and how this determines the actors risk profile. Within a rendezvous death trap, two countries are forced to use familiarity as a tool to determine who is FRIEND or FOE. It also shows how various military tactics are deployed to determine who is friend or foe.
WOLVES: Mapping of unseen boundaries produced by urination and sound-making tactics
134
Disguise of british impostors compromised Territory of both nations Only one entry into rendezvous death trap
RANK INSIGNIA
MEANING
Major Major SS-Sturmbannfuhrer
Captain Hauptmann SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer 1st Lieutenant Oberleutnant SS-Obersturmfuhrer Lance Corporal Gefreiter SS-Sturmann Bloody Civilian
HOLD UP 3 FINGERS FOR FAMILIARITY. Mapping of Inglorious Bastards (Tarantino, 2009) Unseen territories penetrated with dress, and language, until one slip in body language breaks that boundary.
135
M o t io n D e t e c t o rs Neutral Zones Al t e r O u r P e r c e p t i o n
E x cha ng e In s t ru me n t s
Tactics R oute s
Bo r d ers
S ce ne s
Bo u nd aries
Inv it at io n al Th re s h o ld s
O n D is p lay
Jo u rn e y
Tr a n s c e n d e n c e Tr a n s i e n t
Th r e s h o l d C in e m at o g ra phy F r a g m e n te d
L ay e r e d Th r e s h o ld s
Tr av e l l e r
Jiaxi n Gong
I n divi du a l P r oje cti on s Constraint
Underground So ciety L imb o
P e r f o rman c e
S e rv ice Lo bby Urb a n Fo rm
Corridor
L o b b ie s An d P as s age s
C r e a t ive E x pressi on
S e t D e sig n
C u l t ural Or der
L o gis t ic s In f ras t ru c t u r e
S ho p Fro nt Power Relationships
D efine The Journey
S ite s O f Enco unte r H i e r a r chy Of Pl a ce
P u b lic - Fac in g
S o cia l Tra nsa ctio ns
D r a m at ise
136
137
Proxemics in a Corridor as Security
T h r o u g h t h e f o r e n s i c a n a ly s i s o f varying modes that constitute ‘corridor’ as a typological spatial Jiaxin Gong
element in malls, stations, homes and streets, revelation of elements which concern moments for i n t e r a c t i o n , o r av e r s i o n i n s p a c e b e t w e e n t w o d i f f e r e n t t r av e l e r s a r e d e v e l o p e d . E m e r g e d i n i t i a l ly as a space which separated the servants from the occupants of the house, the corridor when studied h a s a l s o a f f o r d e d a mu l t i t u d e o f t h e o p p o s i t e e f f e c t - mu l t i p l e m o d e s o f m i x i n g , c h a n g i n g a n d t r av e r s i n g b o t h u p w a r d a n d d o w nw a r d in addition to forwards and backwards. The corridor becomes a spatial mechanism of political p o w e r t o s p e c u l a t e a l t e r n a t iv e crossings of different spaces and
FIGURES IN A CORRIDOR Speculative model of a portion of a corridor, folded out as a street to invite altered versions of collisions, short circuiting and wormholes.
people.
138
139
Jiaxin Gong
ABOVE: RECIPROCAL FORMS Video exploration showing conditions of the corridor as a space of performance, interaction and the dissipation of interaction
BELOW: ACTION AND PERSONAS CODED STUDY Characteristic movement patterns of different personas & notations of actions performed by different personas
AGENTS AT PLAY AND IN MOTION: DRAGON CITY: JHB Shopkeepers, customers, service staff and security guards enmesh into a stream of colliding worlds, conversations and transaction along the mall’s corridors.
140
141
Jiaxin Gong
LEFT: SECONDS STEPS, ELEVATION 1: Metrics of a lift-corridor. ABOVE: CONTINUOUS NARRATIVE Speculative interaction and collisions in an escalator-corridor at Sandton Gautrain station.
142
143
Jiaxin Gong
LEFT: SECONDS STEPS, ELEVATION 2: Metrics of a lift-corridor. ABOVE: FRAGMENTED NARRATIVE Speculative interaction and collisions in a lift at Cresta Shopping Centre, Johannesburg
144
145
Jiaxin Gong
MACRO URBAN CORRIDOR: Speculative ‘patch’ to offer new slipstreams, wormholes and channels for new interactions and collisions across a multitude of social and economic backgrounds.
146
147
Sta tus Al a r m e d
E s ca p e Rou te s
Hostile Spaces
E s tr a ng e m e n t
Immigr an t s
Neutral Zones
Ste a dy O bse rv a tio n Stre e t
E ve r yday Surv e illa nce In s t ru me n t s O b s e rv e d Bo r d ers
R o ute s
Tactics
O mn ip r e s e n t Th re at
Bo u nd aries
Fe a r
O n D is p lay Jo u rn e y
S ecure Sp a ce O u t s id e r
C h o reography
Th r e s h o l d
F r a g m e n te d
Tr a n s c e n d e n c e
L ay e r e d Th r e s h o ld s
Tr a n s i e n t Tr av e l l e r
Olasu mbo Olan iyi
I n divi du a l P r oje cti on s
P aran o ia
F r aug ht W i th Anx i e ty L o b b ie s An d P as s age s
Urb a n Fo rm
D efence D efine The Journey
S i te s O f Enco unte r
Vu l n e r a b i l i t y I n d e x e s
P r o t e c t iv e E l e m e n t s P u b lic - Fac in g M it igat e R is k H om e
148
M it igat in g D an ge r
149
Defensible Streets Psychogeographic Manoeuvres around Hot-Spots Wa l k i n g i s a c o n s t a n t p a r t o f e v e r y d ay l iv i n g a n d i t c a n n o t b e e a s i ly o v e r l o o k e d . A s o l i t a r y Olasumbo Olaniyi
experience of walking down a major street in Johannesburg r e p e a t e d ly l e av e s o n e e x p o s e d t o c o u n t l e s s e nv i s a g e d t h r e a t s ( i . e . a prey to a predator), becoming a g au n t l e t t h r o u g h w h i c h m a ny are forced to journey through o n a d a i ly b a s i s b y d e v e l o p i n g a d a p t a t i o n s t o h e l p t h e m av o i d dangers and develop strategies t h a t m a k e v i l l a i n s l e s s o p e r a t iv e . This research explores (using a practical based approach to define or decode) the characters of streets, the different elements that affect o r d o w n p l ay hu m a n e x i s t e n c e within the space (i.e. the hot-spots), the drift techniques and the impact o n hu m a n b e h av i o r a n d a c t iv i t y d i r e c t ly a n d i n d i r e c t ly.
150
DESERTED PASSAGES: Photographic study of the walk home across several unsafe or uncertain territories.
151
Olasumbo Olaniyi
PSYCHO-GEOGRAPHIC TRIGGER MAPPING: Depiction of emotional and physical reactionary state of the body as Olasumbo walks home.
152
153
P.03 3:10pm
3:2
0pm
:34 pm
12:47pm
12
P.07 1:10pm
12:25pm
5:36pm Pc.01
:45 pm 4:30pm 2:00pm Co.01
4:45pm
d wgm ode ls.com
3:45pm
C.01
11:30am
3:36pm
5:00pm
H.02
W.03
12:37pm
C.03
11:45am
1pm
1:50pm 4:40pm W.01
P.16
1:20pm
2:3
d wgm ode ls.com
An average of 2 cars drive past per minute
KEY
Olasumbo Olaniyi
P.01
5:58pm
H.033:00pm
P.09 Gc.01
BELOW: EXCERPT FROM BOUNDLESS EDGES: Compilation containing collages of architectural elements running from 7th street, Melville. Depicts architectural elements on the street which contribute to the experience of safety there.
1:40pm :50pm
2:30pm Pg.02
P.13
2
P.06
4:08pm
.01
Dw.01
P.15 11:40am
2:00pm
H.01
project spatializes the Corner of 7th Street over a period of 6 hours on Wednesday 18th July, 8. The depicted movement pattern by humans and vehicles (which represent the blood of the et just a blood runs through the vein). It shows how all this life constituting elements build a nse mechanism by the usage.
RIGHT: PSYCHO-GEOGRAPHIC TRIGGER MAPPING: spatialization of defensive and interactive movement mapping between agents in space, including vehicles, car guard, pedestrians and shop owners.
d wgm ode ls.com d wgm ode ls.com
11:50am
Co.02
1:50pm 4:50pm
Co.03
MEANING
P.04
Walking pattern Female walker Male walker Green area / Plants Accompanied Child
N
2:15pm
2:20pm
THE UTOPIAN STREET; FRAGMENTS OF THE STREET SCAN
5:59pm
M N
B
S
L
T
550 1390
E G
D
420
1880
500
P
1220
H
G I
250
4270
241
K
6000
241
D
G H
H
J
2100
2740
241
De
B
P
Dr
A - L.S3 - Iron see-through fence
E - 7.S1 , V.S4 - Potted plants F - V.S3 - Bollards G - R.S2 - Cement curb H - M.S3 - Drainage zone I - S.S3 - Street parking
L - All streets - Trees
O - All streets - Vehicles P - Addendum - Bin casements Q - F.S3 - Bus stop R - O.S2 - Shrubs S - V.S2, V.S3, V.S4, U.S2, U.S3, 5.S3 - Multi-functional common space T - All streets - Street actors, agents U - All streets - Birds V - C.S3 - Dwarf block wall W - U.S3, 7.S3 - Permeable shop front
Dr De
Gc
1400
1890
1200
V
Dr
De + G + L
Dr
V
Sp
557
6072
G
P
P
ABOVE: PSYCHO-STIMULANT MAPPING: Excerpt from an extensive 49-street cross-sectional study depicting relational elements contributing to safety through thresholds, porosity, and agents in the street-space. ZONES
De - Demarcation P - Pedestrian Dr - Drainage
Sp - Street parking V - Vehicular
Gc - Grimr control G - Green B - Buffer
L - Lighting
MEANING
M - V.S2 - CCTV Cameras; 90 degree to about 360 degree swivel motion N - S,O,F - Double sided street lights
550
5:30pm
11:38am
12:53pm
P.02
J - 7.S2 - Dual way drive way K - 5.S2 - Street divider
241 240
8582
Eating Scanning / Looking around Talking / Any form of oral conversation Smoking
C - Addendum - Collapsible seats D - L.S3 - Interlocking concrete tile sidewalks
2100
R
P.10
ANALYSIS B - 4.S2 - Barb wire
Sp
D
I
J
6000
8582
SYMBOL
O
740 500
12:10C.03 pm
Parked at 12:20pm
Q A
11:
pm
4
P.05
SYMBOL
3:1 3
P.12
MEANING
Baby on board
Phone conversat Sign Language Wave of Hands
154
155
Defensible Streets
STREET SCAN
P
Olasumbo Olaniyi
I J
M
E
C K
L
D
F
Q
H T
O A1
B
A2 A3
G
R N
Approximately 10metres; Point with repititive overlays; crowded with more walkers; depicting that the region of the streets ith the most activities ‘ZONE OF DENSE HUMAN ACTIVITY’.
Approx. 10metres;ZONE OF HIGH VEHICULAR DENSITY; the region within the street mostly used by vehicles
S
U
Approximately 10metres; Point with repititive overlays; crowded with more walkers depicting that the region of the streets ith the most activitie - ‘ZONE OF DENSE HUMAN ACTIVITY’.
Approximately 2metres; ZONE OF SPACE DEMARCATION. Approximately 30metres; Multiple activties on-going within this region along the sections of the streets; ZONE OF INTERSECTION.
DATUM LEVEL; taking from the centre of the streets
ANALYSIS
STREET SCAN Overlay of 45 sections investigated over the course of the research in pursuit of patterns of elements which contribute to defensible streets and safe passage of pedestrians.
A1 - Width of the sidewalk allows for manipulation by the agents. This space is transformed into a business zone of food trucks or stalls. Usually an activtiy zone between the hours of 7am-8am, 12-2pm and 4-5pm. Elevational Pictures A2 - Sidewalks constructed with interlocking tiles or bitumenous tar receives a higher level of human traffic. Sidewalks in the townships are usually left untarred and most users divert to use the main road specially when it rains. A3 - The defined function of the sidewalk determines the form the structure takes. In the case of commerciallized sidewalks they are usually built with a covering or attach a roofing material to protect the retailers from inclement weather. B - Exterior seat outs serve as recreational spots or spaces that encourage spatial relationships. This space acts as a safe zone just incase anything happens because people are always present. C - Very scarce possibility to find 90degrees rotational cameras mounted to survey the street scape. Only sighted at Vilakzi which was as a result of the street modification in the early 2010s. D - Used as a demarcation between the inner-most space and outer-most space. This creates a separation between the activities going on in both spaces regardless of the time. About 80% of the walls are solid and prevent permeability. The higher, thicker and denser a wall is, the less the oppotunity for surveillance (active and passive). E - Presence of one streetlight at every average distance of 10metres. Furnished with incandescent or fluorescent bulbs with a coverage of about 3metres radiating at angle of 75degrees. F - The streets were constructed with certain demographies in mind.. Regardless, the streets of Johannesburg is made up of a wide variety of demographies as a result of apartheid. G - Shrinks to about an average of 1.5metres. It is very active with a wide variety of users. It is a socially active space with intimacy and temporality. with exceptions when it is converted to serve alternative purposes such as retail services. Spatial surveillance occurs when in use but proxemic factors come in to play when the surface area is congested. H - Approximately 15% of the windows on street scapes allow for two-way surveillance (in to out and vice versa. I - Trees planted almost every 3metres. These trees act as buffers, demarcators and/or wind breakers. Symetrically planted on the streetscape to adorn it but in some instances become a shiled or prohi-bits vision when of very large size. J - Acts as a definer/centre of the existing thresholds. Common to high traffic roads in Johannesburg; used for demarcation and aids visibility especially at night. K - Presence of one electricity pole with electircity at a estimated distance between 8 - 10metres L - Designed to accomodate many vehicles traavelling in both directions usually surfaced with bitumeous tar or asphalt. about 10% of the roads are constructed using interlocking concrete blocks. Usually very active and congested during the peak periods; 7-8am, 12-2pm and 4-6pm. M - Acts as a definer/centre of the existing thresholds. Common to high traffic roads in Johannesburg; used for demarcation and aids visibility especially at night. N - Present on every street surveyed and investigated in Johannesburg. It assists in channelling liquid waste (rainwater water from burst water corporation pipes to sewage treatment industries. This increases the durability and function of the street on the long-run. O - Majority of the existing street furnitures have been transformed to points of commercial or residenial activities. Thus creating bubbles of insecurity. About 20% occupation by a selected portion of the population. Road sellers and walkers in some intances get harassed by security officials P - It has been observed that mixed use structures improve the quality of street life. Commercial zones are known to have a daily life span of about a maximum of 12hours. Regions with adjoining structures with a mixture of buildings records less levels of paranoia. Q - Shrubs are not common; but if present, it is sparsely grown. Levelled grass or weeds majorly grows on land adjacent the road.. R - Maintaining hygiene is a very important issue. Majority of the streets analysed in township areas are badly utilised and managed., leaving it unkempt. Adjoining facilites are left to rot which defaces the environment. Streets in rich suburbs of Johannesburg are regularlly cleaned. reducing crime and grime to a reasonable effect because there is little or no available hide out space from adjoining dilapidated facilities as well. S - Street parking encouraged in places with high vehicular density. This helps to reduce congestions that may arise form inadequ- ate parking facilities for motorists T - Vehicles are a major agent that determine the nature of a street in terms of security. The vehice is a buble of surveillance making use of the centre portion of the street. The streets analysed for the purpose of this research were concluded to be high activity streets with an average of between 3 to 7cars per minute during peak periods. U - Very little activity on this street. It is mostly used by residents of the neighbouring estate. It is also used by motorists during peak periods; 7-8am and 4-6pm
156
SURVEYED SITES 7TH STREET 4TH STREET RUSTENBURG STREET UNION STREET VILAKAZI STREET MOROBADILEPE STREET SANDTON DRIVE OXFORD STREET FIFTH STRET
} } }
MELVILLE
SOWETO
SANDTON
157
Practi ces:
As a more lateral set of explorations around ideas of s e c u r i t y, a n e m e r g e n t b a n d o f p r o j e c t s w h i c h i nv e s t i g a t e t h e nature of sacred, and its means
Sacred &
o f s a f e - k e e p i n g . I nv e s t i g a t i o n s which deal with a truth-telling commission for long-past crimes o f Ap a r t h e i d o f f e r, t h r o u g h psychological prompts, a method
Forgotten
to retrieve truths once safeguarded from public knowledge, to be revealed, acknowledged and c o n t a i n e d a t a p u b l i c ly - a c c e s s i b l e memory vessel. Another project protracts an acknowledgement of spiritual systems, pitted against insurance-recognized (but
Yusuf Patel, M2 Sashien Singh, M! Jamila Mkansi, M1
sometimes specious) mechanisms which produce risk. Jamila’s w o r k d e lv e d i n t o t h e m e a n s i n which architecture and spatial a r r a n g e m e n t o f s i g n i f i c a n t p hy s i c a l objects offer de-constructed paradigms of sacred bounded space.
158
159
Ah m e d Ti m o l R e - e na ctm e nt R e - O rg a nise
Sta te s O f Traum a
R e co lle ct
Bas e m ent
E x tr a cti on
In f o r mat io n
Fa i l e d To R e c a l l
N o rmat iv e
R e ha bilita tio n
R e c o lle c t io n O b s c u rin g Th e Fe a r An d C r i m e In t e rro gat io n R o o m C h o reography
Cognitive
Tactics
O b s e rv e rs
Testimony
O b s e rv e d Occupant
S c e ne s
Yusuf Patel
Cognitive Science
Tr a n s c e n d e n c e
Concealed Constitution Hill
S c he m a
Conviction
Jo u r n e y F r a m e wor k Of T hou g h t
S ee king Justice Underground So ciety P e r f o rman c e P e r p e t rat o r
S i te s O f Enco unte r Witne sse s 160
161
Ashes at the End of the Fire Memories of Fragmented Truths In an exciting lateral-reading of (In) S e c u r i t y, t h e p r o j e c t u n p a c k s t h e truth-safe-guarding mechanisms a t p l ay i n a p a r t h e i d p o l i t i c p a r t i c u l a r ly t h r o u g h p s y c h o l o g i c a l Yusuf Patel
e x p e r i e n c e i n s p a c e . Ac c o u n t s o f s e v e r a l f o r m e r c a p t iv e s a t J o h n Vo r s t e r p r i s o n a r e s t u d i e d , w i t h architectural elements beginning to point to the specious logics of ‘cover up stories’ accepted at the time from violent police guards. Here, spatial prompts and schemas safe-guard the truth. The project protracts its methods into a new s i t e , a t t h e Co n s t i t u t i o n a l Co u r t s u p e r - b a s e m e n t , w h e r e a n e w, reconciliatory space is proposed. Here, spatial prompts offer r e c o n s t r u c t iv e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r p a s t e v e n t s , p a i r e d w i t h a p u b l i c ly a c c e s s i b l e a r c h iv e f o r a s e t p e r i o d . SPATIAL PROMPTS: Architectural elements are selected as meaningful elements in the prompting of memory and truth, as are selected for the use and arrangement in the final design in the super-basement.
162
163
31 32 Yusuf Patel
RECONSTRUCTION OF EVENTS: JOHN VORSTER SQUARE An arrangement of fragmented spatial prompts are modelled through the witness accounts from Ahmed Timol and other detainees to create a speculation of a more continuous narrative, to assist with determining truth.
164
165
03.03 RECONSTRU
Yusuf Patel
ABOVE: RETROSPECTIVE DETAIL MAPPING of crime-events in space from detainee accounts. LEFT: TRANSLATION OF PROBABLE SPATIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL PROMPTS in the propositional site at Constitution Hill: Laden with prompts that are reminiscent of the event, the space seeks to exploit sensory memory in order to trigger recollection of the event.
166
167
Yusuf Patel
ABOVE: SPATIAL SCHEMA MAPPING Outlay of a narrative based on a single witness’s accounts of an interrogation room, and the crimes that occurred there. RIGHT: AXONOMTERICS OF PROPOSITION: Reconciliatory archive occupies the hidden super-basement of Constitution Hill. Therein pastcrime witness may come to play out their reconstructions of a set of events. The emergent records of ‘truths’ are then made accessible to the public for a set period of time, before ending their life space and entering the incinerator, leaving behind a once again abstracted trace of former tangible existence. PROPOSITION
168
169
51 Yusuf Patel
04 VICTIM PERPETRATOR & SPACE TRUTH TIMELINE: Depicting parallel narratives of victim and aggressor.
170
04.01 TI E INE O N RESSOR
171
ICTI
In s u r an c e Al a r m e d E ve r yday
Subv e rt
Ar m e d An d D i s a r m e d Ar r iv a l
R e la tio nship To Ho m e
Surv e illa nce
R e m o te Co ntro ls Tactics Behaviour Of Mi strust O b s e rv e d Fe a r
S acre d Sp a ce S c e ne s
C CTV
C in e m at o g ra phy Fo r t s
Sash i en Si ng h
Tr u s t Tr u s t - D e f i c i t
Concealed Constitution Hill
L ay e r e d Th r e s h o ld s F r a m e wor k Of T hou g h t P aran o ia F r on t D o or
C r e a t ive E x pressi on
P e r f o rman c e
G a te s
C u l t ural Or der
L o c al R e al E s t at e
D efence Vu l n e r a b i l i t y I n d e x e s D omestic Exp eriences
P r iv at e H o me
D r a m at ise
P r o t e c t iv e E l e m e n t s H om e
Ne ig hb o urho o ds
M it igat e R is k M o d e s O f Fo rt if ic at io n
172
173
Stranger Things Alternate forms of protection
Embedded in the nature of security a r e s e v e r a l e l e m e n t s o f i r o ny, w h i c h S a s h i e n d r aw s o u t w i t h Sashien Singh
particular fascination. ‘48 Second Architecture’ demonstrates the immense vulnerability on entry to one’s house in Johannesburg, exacerbated by those very elements meant to ‘keep one safe’. His later work deals with i nv e r s i o n s o f t h e t a b o o , s p i r i t u a l a n d s a c r e d w i t h p hy s i c a l f o r m a t s o f p r o t e c t i o n . W hy i s a d o g , for instance, an element that contributes towards a reduction in house insurance? The fact t h a t i t m ay b e a b l i n d c h i hu a hu a remains undetected, as are other more abstract forms of protection; e m b e d d e d i n e v e r y d ay c u l t u r e s o f m a ny S o u t h A f r i c a n s . T h e s t r a n g e l o g i c s a t p l ay o f e l e m e n t s t h a t a r e ‘believed in’ for protection, and the spaces and economies they produce.
174
48 SECOND ARCHITECTURE Demonstration of the exaggerated experience of time imbued with a sense of vulnerability that envelopes an entrant to their home in Johannesburg,
175
t
Sashien Singh
mbEllishmEn indEx
ABOVE: DOUBLE TAKE: ‘Embellishment Index’ - collage looking at the various conventional and alternative means added to a space, often cosmetically, to attribute a sense of protection or safety for its occupants.
176
177
Architectures of Time Sashien Singh
CONVENTIONAL SECURITY LEXICON Elements recognised as insurable in South Africa
178
UNPACKING OF INSURABLE: THE ABSURD Speculation study of the specious logic of measures of insurability for particular elements in a home in South Africa.
179
Architectures of Time Sashien Singh
HARD PROTECTION: Crystalised physical barriers in a home in Benoni, Johannesburg, propagated by the insurance industry and security markets.
180
SOFT PROTECTION Manoeuvres of spiritual and ritual based protective practices, as conducted at a home in Alexandra, Johannesburg.
181
Sashien Singh
ABOVE: SOFT PROTECTION Excerpt from a photographic investigation at several homes across Johannesburg.
ABOVE: HARD PROTECTION Excerpt from a photographic investigation at several homes across Johannesburg.
182
183
M o n o p o lis at io n H o s t An d V is it o r Al t e r O u r P e r c e p t i o n R e fug e R e c o lle c t io n R e la tio nship To Ho m e In s t ru me n t s
Tactics O b je c t s O b s e rv e d
Bo u nd aries
Occupant
S acre d Sp a ce S c e ne s Tr a n s c e n d e n c e S ecure Sp a ce
Fo r t i f i c a t i o n
Ja m i la Mkan si
Concealed L ay e r e d Th r e s h o l d s
F r on t D o or
Urb a n Fo rm L o b b ie s An d P as s age s
C u l t ural Or der
L o c al R e al E s t at e Vu l n e r a b i l i t y I n d e x e s S o cia l Re la tio nships
D omestic Exp eriences
H i e r a r chy Of Pl a ce
Ne ig hb o urho o ds P r o t e c t iv e E l e m e n t s
H om e
M it igat e R is k
P u b lic - Fac in g
M o d e s O f Fo rt if ic at io n 184
185
Shells and the City Inter-Sectionality between Sacred Spaces, Objects and Urban Demands The object and its value in a particular space pose a fascinating Jamila Mkansi
reading into the production of risk and opportunity in space. An object dislocated from the space that it i s f u n c t i o n a l ly p a i r e d w i t h i nv i t e s a new means to protect, through geographies of the unexpected. J a m i l a ’ s i nv e s t i g a t i o n s i n t o s p i r i t u a l p r a c t i c e i n t h e c i t y, p a r t i c u l a r ly around Joubert Park in the CBD, d e s c r i b e n e w w ay s o f b u i l d i n g meaning, sacredness and sanctuary i n s o m e w h a t u n e x p e c t e d p l a c e s . We f i n d a b e d i n a n a b a n d o n e d c hu r c h , a crucifix in an old synagogue, a n d a c i r c l e o f s t o n e s s u b t ly d e n o t i n g S u n d ay p r ay e r s p a c e in a public park. These scenarios show a claiming of the sacred in unexpected places, with objects as the mechanism to imbue a sense of place, and safe-space for religious
HANDBAG, PLAN You can tell a lot about a woman by the items in her bag. Objects have power to activate and grant access to spaces. In this investigation, object dislocation proves to be a means to neutralise risk
practice. 186
187
Jamila Mkansi
What happens when an object is removed from its location? What kind of spaces can be mapped when looking at object space activation? Can the risks that surround tangible objects be dismantled or neutralised?
188
189
Jamela Mkansi
Sacred spaces and their associated ritual enmeshed in the city CBD.
190
CONSTITUENTS OF SACRED LANDSCAPES IN POST APARTHEID JOHANNESBURG Depiction of the means and practices and objects which begin to consecrate space as ‘holy land’ - amidst the bustling life of the city.
191
Jamela Mkansi
SYNAGOGUE SITUATION PLAN An investigation undertaken through the study of sacred rituals and practices that occur within secular space and the constant negotiation of temporal and spatial diversity
192
CONSECRATION OF INHERITED SPACE The role of objects and ritual in retrofitting practice in other forms of sanctuary to fit a new purpose.
193
Jamela Mkansi
RITES TO RIGHTS Speculation concerning an old church that is appropriated as housing in Johannesburg inner city - juxtaposing old and new functions.
194
195
S t o ry t e llin g I mm ersion
R e lat io n al D y n amic s
Fo r e n s i c D r aw i n g
Collage Me tr i cs
Meth od
Rog ue
B o ok s L exico n E thno g ra phic Ax o n o m e t r i c
D rawing O p e r at io n s & S y s t e ms
R e v e lat io n
196
Cut & Pa ste
197
Methods
“ E v e r y m e a s u r e m e n t s l o w ly reveals the workings of the c r i m i n a l . Ca r e f u l o b s e r v a t i o n a n d patience will reveal the truth.” —Alphonse Bertillon, French criminologist
In pursuit of revelation of some of Lexicon
t h e f a s c i n a t i n g , o f t e n s u b v e r s iv e o r h i d d e n l o g i c s a t p l ay i n o u r c i t y ’ s e c o n o my, t h e U n i t p r o t r a c t s experimentation with research and representation methods p a r t i c u l a r ly i n t o t h e r e a l m o f the forensic and ethnographic. The unit seeks to access spatial logics and systems at a variety of different depths and speeds. Often, as an entry point into a subject or t e r r i t o r y, t h e u n i t l o o k s t o d e v e l o p a lexicon of objects, agents and spaces from an immersion in the field, to begin a visual and written
LEXICON BUILDING: Forming a vocabulary to create and categorise a language inventory
vocabulary for the context.
198
199
Speed-set collages are used for students to begin assembling at a high level, relating logics, scales, value chains and atmosphere. In some exciting instances, the collage begins to provoke an altered state of a current arrangement, which m ay l e a d i n t o a d e s i g n q u e s t i o n o r s p e c u l a t iv e i n q u i r y, a s i s t h e c a s e in the two explorations (left), by students Olufajimi Akinbobye, and Co r n e l S c h o o b e e , r e s p e c t iv e ly.
Collage
Collage
A s t h e s t u d e n t s b e g i n t o d e lv e into the complex nature of their s u b j e c t m a t t e r, t h e U n i t f i n d s t w o p a r t i c u l a r t y p e s o f d r aw i n g s i n c r e d i b ly p o w e r f u l . F i r s t i s t h e map, a version of a zoomed-out plan w h i c h a t a m a c r o s c a l e i n t r i n s i c a l ly holds within it a political agenda. Lines show the architect’s reading SPEED, SPLICE AND STRIP:
Early conceptual explorations through collage.
of relationships or boundaries between various zone, entities or agents. The line becomes a political t o o l t o d r aw o u t s y s t e m s o f a c c e s s , and denial, and subversion in the c i t y.
200
201
Ethnographic Drawing ETHNOGRAPHIC MAPPING: Drawing to document people’s individualized experience of space
202
203
Ad j a c e n t t o t h i s , i s t h e u s e of plan, section and most n o t a b ly t h e a x o n o m e t r i c as combination of both, to reveal characteristics of p o r o s i t y, t r a n s p a r e n c y, a n d thickness of thresholds. Further to this, we begin t o p e r c e iv e a h i e r a r c hy o f a p p r o a c h , a n d l ay e r i n g from the outside to the m o s t i n t i m a t e a n d i n t e r i o r. To t h e l e f t a l o n g s i d e , Ad a m Osman contemplates the Axonometric Collage
c h o r e o g r a p hy o f e s c a p e t h r o u g h a dy n a m i c exploded axonometric o f h i s h o m e . B e l o w, Aj i t Mistry maps the logics of the gaze in Pretorius S t r e e t , H i l l b r o w.
AXONOMETRIC Format to reveal hidden logics, thresholds and choreographies
204
REFERENCING AND REUSING REPRESENTATIONS AND LITERATURES TO MAKE SENSE OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
205
A n o t h e r m o r e i t e r a t iv e e x p l o r a t i o n tool is demonstrated through ‘Metric’ a booklet developed to d e p i c t t h e mu l t i p l e t y p o l o g i e s a n d spatial settings of a particular phenomena, for example all security paraphernalia, or versions of the trade post, or systems of p r o x e m i c s a n d b o dy l a n g u a g e I n a c o r r i d o r. Ac c e s s t o a w i d e , l a t e r a l reading of various typological phenomena ovaries with a spatial s t u dy i n s o m e t h e d r aw i n g w o r k l e n d s i t s e l f t o s p e c u l a t iv e n o t i o n s Metrics
Metrics
of manipulation, alteration and e x a g g e r a t i o n - u s i n g d r aw i n g s to expand the value of a spatial r e a d i n g t o p o s s i b ly h a r n e s s o r a l t e r a particular phenomena. Lines, d o t s , h a t c h e s , f i l l a n d d r aw i n g atmospherics begin to re imagine new political and economic systems in the rich landscape of the s u b v e r s iv e a n d s u b l i m i n a l .
COUNTING AND MEASURING TO REVEAL
206
207
Ac c o m p a ny i n g t h e s t u d e n t s ’ m o r e e m p i r i c a l r e s e a r c h b a s e , i n t u i t iv e p r a c t i c e t h r o u g h n a r r a t iv e o r arts-based experimentations also e m e r g e s a s a h i g h ly v a l u a b l e access into the student’s own reading of their findings. Pairing the quotidian or banal with a reading from film, as in the e x a m p l e o f R u a n d e n D r iv e r ’ s w o r k , o p e n s u p a v i s c e r a l , h i g h ly a c u t e observation of an experience, supplementing the seconds and Immersion
metres which constitute its makeBook
up. In Ruan’s case, he looks to pair the experience of entering one’s home in Johannesburg suburbia to that of a horror-film sequence, where several standard ‘horror tropes’ are evident. He explores t h e s e t h r o u g h d r aw i n g s p a i n t e d i n the dark, imbued with a sense of the unknown, haste and reaction. Co r n e l S c h o o m b e e e m b e d s h i s explorations through a well-versed story-making of the characters and s i t u a t i o n s f o u n d a t h i s s t u dy s i t e s .
FOLLOWING THE STRUCTURE OF A BOOK TO COLLATE INFORMATION WITH RIGOROUR
208
209
T h e a s s e m b ly o f a s t o r y w i t h beginning, middle and end tell the organic, life-filled moment of a r r iv a l b y m i g r a n t s t o t h e c i t y, and the messy but opportunistic sequence of events and t r a n s a c t i o n s , w h i c h e v e n t u a l ly lead up to a moment of ‘landing’ in t h e h o s t c i t y. Co r n e l a l s o e x p l o r e s t h e mu l t i p l e l ay e r s , a n d t h e i r transient nature through pop-up book making, as a further reading into alternate ‘story books’ of his Objects & Artefacts
Storytelling
research theme. As the Unit’s research broadens and deepens, we look to hu g e ly e n c o u r a g e g r a n d e r experimentation, revelation and revolution through the tools of the architect. Through the m o m e n t o f r e v e a l i n g , o n e m ay begin to understand, and once one u n d e r s t a n d , o n e m ay b e g i n t o a l t e r, exaggerate or disrupt.
210
211
Acknowledgements
212
213
We w i s h t o a c k n o w l e d g e t h e g e n e r o u s a n d u nw av e r i n g
F r i e n d s o f t h e U n i t ( b o t h v i s i t i n g c r i t i c s a n d a dv i s o r s ) :
support of our friends and families and all those who contributed towards this production:
A l e x a n d r a Ap p e l b au m Jhonno Bennett
The contributing writers to this book:
Dr Gerhard Bruyns
D r G e r h a r d B r u y n s ( P o ly U H o n g K o n g )
P r o f To m a B e r l a n d a
H e i n r i c h Wo l f f ( Wo l f f A r c h i t e c t s )
Andrew Charman Ivan-Nicholas Cisneros
T h e G S A U n i t 1 4 s t a f f b o dy o v e r 2 0 1 6 t o 2 0 1 8 f o r t h e i r
O w e n Co o k
contribution to the work published; including:
B e a t r i c e D e Ca r l i
Thiresh Govender (Unit Leader)
Kyle Deerans
Sarah de Villiers (Unit Tutor)
Kirsten Doermann
To v a L u b i n s k y ( U n i t T u t o r )
S i m o n a Fe r r a r i Prof Peter Hasdell Stephen Hobbs
The GSA Unit 14 class of 2018 for their risks, commitment and
Momoyo Kaijima
trust:
Denise Lim
Olufolajimi Akinbobye
Prof Lesley Lokko
K e n n e dy C h i k e r e m a
Bettina Malcomess
Ruan den Drijver
D r. M p h o M a t s i p a
Jiaxin Gong
C l au d i a M o r g a d o
Kyle Hollis
Robin Ohlson de Fine
Jamela Mkansi
Prof Lone Poulsen
Aj i t M i s t r y
Hans Rufer
O l a s u m b o O l a n iy i
Darren Sampson
Ad a m O s m a n
Khadeeja Sasman
Yusuf Patel
Geci Karuri Sebina
B i n ay k a R a m a
Stephen Steyn
Sashien Singh
Mikhael Subotsky
Co r n e l S c h o o m b e e
K e s s e t e Te k i e Guy Trangos S u m ay y a Va l ly
T h e G r a d u a t e S c h o o l o f A r c h i t e c t u r e , U n iv e r s i t y o f Johannesburg for its financial and institutional support.
Eric Wright & J a p a n e s e P av i l i o n o f Ve n i c e A r c h i t e c t u r a l B i e n n a l e Architecture 2018 W i t s Fa c e s o f t h e C i t y
214
215
PHOTO BY AJIT MISTRY
216
217
2018 Vol.2 Rogu e Econ om i es : (I n )Sec u re
Rog u e Econ o m i es : ( I n) Se c ure Vol. 2 2018
218
219